[Core] [70% incumbents] Hire, supervise, or evaluate engineers, technicians, researchers, or other staff.
  DWAs: Evaluate employee performance. | Supervise employees. | Hire personnel.

[Core] [70% incumbents] Design or coordinate successive phases of problem analysis, solution proposals, or testing.
  DWAs: Develop organizational methods or procedures. | Direct organizational operations, projects, or services.

[Core] [70% incumbents] Plan or direct research, development, or production activities.
  DWAs: Develop operating strategies, plans, or procedures. | Manage operations, research, or logistics projects. | Direct organizational operations, projects, or services.

[Core] [70% incumbents] Review project activities and prepare and review research, testing, or operational reports.
  DWAs: Analyze data to inform operational decisions or activities. | Prepare operational progress or status reports.

[Core] [70% incumbents] Confer with scientists, engineers, regulators, or others to plan or review projects or to provide technical assistance.
  DWAs: Coordinate operational activities with external stakeholders.

[Core] [70% incumbents] Develop client relationships and communicate with clients to explain proposals, present research findings, establish specifications, or discuss project status.
  DWAs: Communicate organizational information to customers or other stakeholders. | Establish interpersonal business relationships to facilitate work activities.

[Core] [70% incumbents] Determine scientific or technical goals within broad outlines provided by top management and make detailed plans to accomplish these goals.
  DWAs: Develop organizational goals or objectives.

[Core] [70% incumbents] Prepare project proposals.
  DWAs: Prepare proposals or grant applications to obtain project funding.

[Core] [70% incumbents] Develop or implement policies, standards, or procedures for the architectural, scientific, or technical work performed to ensure regulatory compliance or operations enhancement.
  DWAs: Implement organizational process or policy changes. | Develop organizational policies or programs. | Develop operating strategies, plans, or procedures.

[Core] [70% incumbents] Prepare and administer budgets, approve and review expenditures, and prepare financial reports.
  DWAs: Approve expenditures. | Prepare financial documents, reports, or budgets. | Prepare operational budgets.

[Core] [70% incumbents] Conduct own research in field of expertise.
  DWAs: Conduct research of processes in natural or industrial ecosystems. | Conduct research to gain information about products or processes.

[Core] [70% incumbents] Develop innovative technology or train staff for its implementation.
  DWAs: Develop organizational methods or procedures. | Conduct employee training programs.

[Core] [70% incumbents] Make presentations at professional meetings to further knowledge in the field.
  DWAs: Present information to the public.

[Supplemental] [70% incumbents] Provide for stewardship of plant or animal resources or habitats, studying land use, monitoring animal populations, or providing shelter, resources, or medical treatment for animals.
  DWAs: Monitor animal behavior or condition. | Advise others about land management or conservation.

[Supplemental] [70% incumbents] Advise or assist in obtaining patents or meeting other legal requirements.
  DWAs: Advise others on legal or regulatory compliance matters.

[Core] [69% incumbents] Recruit personnel or oversee the development or maintenance of staff competence.
  DWAs: Manage human resources activities. | Recruit personnel.

--- SKILLS ---
  Science (imp:4.12 lvl:4.88) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
  Reading Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:5.00) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Active Listening (imp:4.00 lvl:4.75) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Critical Thinking (imp:4.00 lvl:4.38) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Monitoring (imp:4.00 lvl:4.12) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Writing (imp:3.88 lvl:5.00) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Speaking (imp:3.88 lvl:4.25) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Active Learning (imp:3.50 lvl:4.75) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Learning Strategies (imp:3.50 lvl:3.88) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Mathematics (imp:3.12 lvl:4.00) — Using mathematics to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Biology (imp:4.03 lvl:5.07) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  English Language (imp:3.99 lvl:4.68) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Administration and Management (imp:3.82 lvl:4.22) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Computers and Electronics (imp:3.66 lvl:4.61) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Administrative (imp:3.57 lvl:4.89) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Chemistry (imp:3.50 lvl:4.45) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Mathematics (imp:3.48 lvl:4.50) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:3.26 lvl:3.80) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:3.14 lvl:4.06) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Production and Processing (imp:2.88 lvl:3.03) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Education and Training (imp:2.87 lvl:3.70) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Engineering and Technology (imp:2.73 lvl:3.33) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Communications and Media (imp:2.48 lvl:2.73) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Public Safety and Security (imp:2.29 lvl:2.13) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Mechanical (imp:2.26 lvl:2.53) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Economics and Accounting (imp:2.18 lvl:2.10) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Physics (imp:2.16 lvl:2.29) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Design (imp:2.02 lvl:2.45) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Sales and Marketing (imp:2.01 lvl:2.31) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Law and Government (imp:1.96 lvl:1.37) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Geography (imp:1.91 lvl:2.20) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Telecommunications (imp:1.83 lvl:1.15) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:1.77 lvl:1.12) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Psychology (imp:1.72 lvl:1.79) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Transportation (imp:1.62 lvl:1.31) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Building and Construction (imp:1.48 lvl:1.51) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:1.48 lvl:1.15) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Food Production (imp:1.46 lvl:0.78) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
  History and Archeology (imp:1.39) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Foreign Language (imp:1.24 lvl:0.67) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Fine Arts (imp:1.23) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.22) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.18 lvl:0.40) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r

--- ABILITIES ---
  Written Comprehension (imp:4.12 lvl:5.00) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Oral Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.88) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Oral Expression (imp:4.00 lvl:5.00) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Written Expression (imp:4.00 lvl:5.00) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:4.00 lvl:5.00) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:4.00 lvl:4.88) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Information Ordering (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:3.88 lvl:4.12) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.88 lvl:4.75) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Near Vision (imp:3.75 lvl:3.88) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.75 lvl:3.88) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Originality (imp:3.38 lvl:3.88) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:3.25 lvl:4.00) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:3.25 lvl:4.00) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Number Facility (imp:3.12 lvl:3.88) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Selective Attention (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Far Vision (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Visualization (imp:2.38 lvl:2.25) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Memorization (imp:2.25 lvl:2.25) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.25 lvl:2.25) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Perceptual Speed (imp:2.25 lvl:2.50) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Time Sharing (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Finger Dexterity (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Depth Perception (imp:2.00 lvl:1.62) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Trunk Strength (imp:1.88 lvl:1.38) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:1.75 lvl:1.00) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Spatial Orientation (imp:1.62 lvl:0.88) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:1.62 lvl:1.12) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Control Precision (imp:1.62 lvl:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Response Orientation (imp:1.62 lvl:0.75) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Reaction Time (imp:1.62 lvl:1.00) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Manual Dexterity (imp:1.50 lvl:0.62) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Rate Control (imp:1.50 lvl:0.75) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Static Strength (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:1.50 lvl:0.62) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.50 lvl:0.62) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Sound Localization (imp:1.50 lvl:0.62) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:1.38 lvl:0.50) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Stamina (imp:1.38 lvl:0.50) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Extent Flexibility (imp:1.38 lvl:0.50) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Night Vision (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Dynamic Strength (imp:1.25 lvl:0.25) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:4.58 lvl:5.26) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:4.58 lvl:5.51) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:4.57 lvl:5.91) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:4.56 lvl:5.64) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:4.55 lvl:5.58) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Getting Information (imp:4.54 lvl:4.51) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:4.48 lvl:5.24) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:4.47 lvl:5.16) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:4.42 lvl:5.49) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:4.41 lvl:4.90) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:4.32 lvl:4.53) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Working with Computers (imp:4.27 lvl:3.31) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:4.27 lvl:4.83) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:4.22 lvl:4.66) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:4.21 lvl:4.27) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Processing Information (imp:4.20 lvl:5.51) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:4.18 lvl:4.62) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:4.11 lvl:4.85) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:4.06 lvl:4.84) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:4.06 lvl:4.81) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:3.93 lvl:4.38) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Thinking Creatively (imp:3.87 lvl:4.72) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.81 lvl:4.40) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:3.74 lvl:4.69) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:3.67 lvl:3.68) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:3.60 lvl:4.35) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:3.57 lvl:4.09) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:3.51 lvl:3.49) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:3.44 lvl:4.39) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:3.41 lvl:3.44) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:3.12 lvl:3.59) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:2.90 lvl:3.62) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:2.90 lvl:2.80) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:2.64 lvl:2.58) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:2.58 lvl:2.18) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:2.36 lvl:1.99) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:2.29 lvl:3.04) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:2.21 lvl:2.15) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:2.19 lvl:1.91) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:2.17 lvl:2.00) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:2.06 lvl:2.29) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Attention to Detail (imp:10.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Integrity (imp:9.00) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:8.00) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Cooperation (imp:7.00) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Achievement Orientation (imp:6.00) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Adaptability (imp:5.00) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Perseverance (imp:4.00) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Innovation (imp:3.00) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:2.72) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Leadership Orientation (imp:2.71) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Dependability (imp:2.62) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Innovation (imp:2.51) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Achievement Orientation (imp:2.35) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.22) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Integrity (imp:2.17) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Perseverance (imp:2.15) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Adaptability (imp:2.09) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Cooperation (imp:2.07) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Initiative (imp:2.03) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Leadership Orientation (imp:2.00) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Self-Confidence (imp:1.98) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:1.87) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Stress Tolerance (imp:1.80) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control (imp:1.70) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Social Orientation (imp:1.65) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Cautiousness (imp:1.63) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Initiative (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Sincerity (imp:0.96) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy (imp:0.86) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Optimism (imp:0.84) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Humility (imp:0.34) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Cautiousness () — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Dependability () — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:3.88 lvl:4.25) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:3.75 lvl:4.12) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:3.62 lvl:4.62) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:3.38 lvl:3.88) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Coordination (imp:3.38 lvl:4.00) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Persuasion (imp:3.25 lvl:3.75) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Instructing (imp:3.25 lvl:3.88) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Operations Analysis (imp:3.25 lvl:3.88) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Systems Analysis (imp:3.25 lvl:3.88) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Negotiation (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Systems Evaluation (imp:3.12 lvl:3.88) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Time Management (imp:3.12 lvl:4.12) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Service Orientation (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Management of Material Resources (imp:2.75 lvl:3.00) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Technology Design (imp:2.62 lvl:2.88) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:2.62 lvl:3.62) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Operations Monitoring (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Operation and Control (imp:2.00 lvl:1.50) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Programming (imp:1.88 lvl:1.62) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Troubleshooting (imp:1.88 lvl:1.12) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Equipment Selection (imp:1.12 lvl:0.25) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.00) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Repairing (imp:1.00) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 108,690
  annual_median    : $167,220
  annual_pct10     : $79,710
  annual_pct25     : $119,430
  annual_pct75     : $221,540
  annual_pct90     : $316,850
  annual_mean      : $180,250
  hourly_median    : $80.39

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : Massachusetts ($267,290)
  lowest_state     : Hawaii ($107,810)
  dispersion_ratio : 2.479x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (49 total) ---
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:   52,240  median: $ 202,000
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:   19,320  median: $ 133,470
  Manufacturing                            emp:    9,270  median: $ 185,110
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:    7,740  median: $  99,980
  Educational Services                     emp:    5,890  median: $  82,060
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:    5,080  median: $ 211,990
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:    4,840  median: $ 216,890
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:    1,370  median: $ 129,610
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:    1,100  median: $ 111,240
  Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation      emp:      450  median: $ 103,480

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (17 total) ---
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:   52,240  median: $ 202,000
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:   19,320  median: $ 133,470
  Manufacturing                            emp:    9,270  median: $ 185,110
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:    7,740  median: $  99,980
  Educational Services                     emp:    5,890  median: $  82,060
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:    5,080  median: $ 211,990
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:    4,840  median: $ 216,890
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:    1,370  median: $ 129,610
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:    1,100  median: $ 111,240
  Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation      emp:      450  median: $ 103,480

exact_match_status : no_exact_match
matched_title      : N/A
match_score        : 0.0000
wikidata_qid       : N/A
word_count         : 0
wikipedia_url      : N/A
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T20:04:28.805079Z

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Holland Codes (similarity: 0.2632)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holland_Codes
  QID: Q1512242
  Extract: The Holland Codes or the Holland Occupational Themes (RIASEC) are a taxonomy of interests based on a theory of careers and vocational choice that was initially developed by American psychologist John L. Holland.

  Title: Laboratory manager (similarity: 0.5116)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_manager
  QID: Q109680035
  Extract: A laboratory manager is an individual who supervises personnel and operations in a laboratory environment; the position is senior to that of a laboratory technician or laboratory technologist, and is considered a middle-management occupation.

  Title: Applied science (similarity: 0.5000)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_science
  QID: Q28797
  Extract: Applied science is the application of the scientific method and scientific knowledge to attain practical goals. It includes a broad range of disciplines, such as engineering and medicine. Applied science is often contrasted with basic science, which is focused on advancing scientific theories and la

  Title: List of directors of the Natural History Museum (similarity: 0.3333)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_directors_of_the_Natural_History_Museum
  QID: Q6569013
  Extract: The Director of the Natural History Museum is the senior manager of the Natural History Museum, London, which was split off from the British Museum in 1881. It should not be confused with the role of Director of Science, Natural History Museum. The following list gives the first Superintendent and t

  Title: Laboratory technician (similarity: 0.3478)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_technician
  QID: Q1483433
  Extract: A laboratory technician or (informally) lab tech is a person who works in a laboratory performing analytical or experimental procedures, maintaining laboratory equipment.

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong confidence based on detailed O*NET data including comprehensive work activities, skills, knowledge areas, and established related occupations. BLS wage data and employment statistics provide robust market intelligence foundation.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T12:43:33.787639+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,471
tokens_output        : 4,329
cost_usd             : $0.047893
wikipedia_used       : False
wikipedia_title      : None
wikipedia_note       : No exact Wikipedia match found for Natural Sciences Managers, with the closest semantic match being 'Laboratory manager' at 0.512 similarity. Applied science concepts provide relevant context for the scientific management domain.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Natural Sciences Managers lead scientific research and development organizations, planning and coordinating activities across life sciences, physical sciences, mathematics, and statistics. They bridge the gap between scientific expertise and business operations, managing teams of researchers, engineers, and technicians while overseeing project budgets and strategic direction. These senior professionals combine deep scientific knowledge with administrative skills to drive innovation and ensure research objectives align with organizational goals.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
Natural Sciences Managers start their day reviewing project progress reports and analyzing research data to inform operational decisions. They conduct meetings with scientists, engineers, and external stakeholders to coordinate research phases and address technical challenges. Much of their time involves hiring and supervising technical staff, evaluating performance, and ensuring projects meet scientific standards and deadlines. They prepare detailed project proposals for funding, develop organizational policies for technical work, and manage budgets while communicating findings to clients and upper management. Their work requires constant monitoring of research processes and materials, making critical decisions that shape the direction of scientific investigations.

WHO THRIVES:
Individuals who excel in this role possess exceptional attention to detail and intellectual curiosity, combined with strong integrity and achievement orientation. They demonstrate high-level written and oral communication abilities, with advanced deductive and inductive reasoning skills that enable complex problem-solving. Successful Natural Sciences Managers show strong cooperation skills and social perceptiveness, allowing them to coordinate diverse technical teams effectively. They thrive on organizing and prioritizing complex research initiatives while maintaining relationships across scientific and business domains. The role attracts those with deep scientific knowledge who enjoy translating technical concepts into strategic business decisions.

CAREER ENTRY:
Entry into Natural Sciences Manager positions typically requires extensive scientific education, with 35.1% holding bachelor's degrees and 26.7% having post-doctoral training according to O*NET data. Most professionals advance from scientific research roles, gaining 10-15 years of experience in their technical field before transitioning to management. The Job Zone 5 classification indicates extensive preparation is needed, often including demonstrated leadership in research projects and proven ability to manage complex scientific investigations.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Natural Sciences Managers often advance to executive leadership roles such as Chief Scientific Officer or Vice President of Research and Development. Some transition to consulting roles, leveraging their scientific expertise and management experience to advise organizations on research strategy. Others pursue academic careers as research directors at universities or become entrepreneurs, founding science-based companies. The role serves as a gateway to C-suite positions in biotechnology, pharmaceutical, environmental consulting, and government research agencies.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
The field employs 108,690 professionals nationally with a median annual salary of $167,220 according to BLS OEWS May 2025 data, ranging from $79,710 to $316,850. Massachusetts offers the highest compensation at $267,290 annually, while Hawaii provides the lowest at $107,810, creating a 2.48x wage differential. Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services dominate employment with 52,240 positions, followed by government sectors with 19,320 positions. The concentration in high-tech geographic clusters and significant salary premiums reflect strong demand for scientific leadership expertise. Manufacturing rounds out the top three industries with 9,270 employed professionals.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
Natural Sciences Managers face low automation risk due to their complex decision-making responsibilities and interpersonal coordination requirements. While data analysis tools and project management software may streamline some administrative tasks, the core activities of strategic planning, team leadership, and stakeholder communication require human judgment and creativity. The increasing complexity of scientific research and regulatory environments may actually increase demand for skilled managers who can navigate these challenges.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [skill_overlap] Project Management Specialists (13-1082.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles share identical high-importance work activities in organizing, planning, and prioritizing work (5.9 level) and coordinating with stakeholders.
    data: Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:4.6, lvl:5.9)
    data: O*NET Primary-Short relationship
  [knowledge_overlap] Bioengineers and Biomedical Engineers (17-2031.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Strong overlap in Biology knowledge (imp:4.0, lvl:5.1) and Science skills (imp:4.1, lvl:4.9) with shared technical foundation.
    data: Biology (imp:4.0, lvl:5.1)
    data: Science (imp:4.1, lvl:4.9)
  [task_similarity] Data Scientists (15-2051.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both roles emphasize analyzing data or information (imp:4.5, lvl:5.2) and problem-solving in technical environments.
    data: Analyzing Data or Information (imp:4.5, lvl:5.2)
    data: Complex Problem Solving (imp:3.9, lvl:4.2)
  [career_pathway] Molecular and Cellular Biologists (19-1029.02) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Natural career progression from specialized biology research to management roles, sharing Biology knowledge at expert levels.
    data: Biology (imp:4.0, lvl:5.1)
    data: Post-Doctoral Training: 26.7%
  [riasec_cluster] Clinical Research Coordinators (11-9121.01) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both exhibit high Investigative (5.87) and Enterprising (5.60) RIASEC codes, indicating shared research management orientation.
    data: I:5.87, E:5.60
    data: O*NET Primary-Long relationship
  [transferable_skill] Environmental Science Teachers, Postsecondary (25-1053.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Shared emphasis on communicating complex scientific information and updating relevant knowledge (imp:4.5, lvl:5.6).
    data: Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:4.5, lvl:5.6)
    data: Written Expression (imp:4.0, lvl:5.0)

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['natural sciences manager', 'research director', 'scientific manager', 'laboratory director', 'R&D manager', 'technical director', 'science manager', 'research manager']
  exclude_keywords : ['research scientist', 'laboratory technician', 'project coordinator', 'research assistant', 'scientist']
  title_patterns   : ['*Research Director', '*Sciences Manager', '*Lab Director', '*Technical Director', '*R&D Manager']
  common_variations: ['Agricultural Research Director', 'Clinical Trials Manager', 'Environmental Program Manager', 'Analytical Services Manager', 'Chemical Plant Technical Director', 'Geological Manager', 'Geophysical Manager', 'Environmental Research Project Manager']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['others', 'tendency', 'equipment', 'scientific', 'research', 'activities', 'principles', 'management', 'procedures', 'technical', 'includes', 'natural', 'operations', 'resources', 'control', 'objects', 'goals', 'materials', 'ideas', 'organizational']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
others                     42  0.01544  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:90%  dwas:5%  onet_tasks:2%
tendency                   42  0.01544  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
equipment                  24  0.00882  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:96%  wikipedia:4%
scientific                 22  0.00809  inference            inference:73%  wikipedia:14%  onet_tasks:9%
research                   21  0.00772  inference            inference:62%  onet_tasks:19%  dwas:14%
activities                 17  0.00625  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:53%  dwas:24%  onet_tasks:12%
principles                 16  0.00588  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
management                 15  0.00551  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:47%  inference:33%  onet_tasks:7%
procedures                 14  0.00515  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:57%  dwas:29%  onet_tasks:7%
technical                  13  0.00478  inference            inference:54%  onet_tasks:23%  onet_dimensions:23%
includes                   13  0.00478  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:92%  wikipedia:8%
natural                    13  0.00478  inference            inference:54%  wikipedia:38%  dwas:8%
operations                 12  0.00441  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:50%  dwas:25%  onet_tasks:8%
resources                  12  0.00441  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:75%  onet_tasks:17%  dwas:8%
control                    12  0.00441  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
objects                    12  0.00441  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
goals                      11  0.00404  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:55%  onet_tasks:18%  dwas:9%
materials                  11  0.00404  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:91%  inference:9%
ideas                      11  0.00404  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
organizational             11  0.00404  dwas                 dwas:73%  inference:18%  onet_dimensions:9%
standards                  10  0.00368  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:80%  onet_tasks:10%  inference:10%
monitoring                 10  0.00368  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:80%  onet_tasks:10%  inference:10%
techniques                 10  0.00368  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
body                       10  0.00368  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
orientation                10  0.00368  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:90%  inference:10%
problem                     9  0.00331  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:78%  onet_tasks:11%  inference:11%
production                  9  0.00331  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  onet_tasks:11%
problems                    9  0.00331  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
performance                 9  0.00331  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:78%  dwas:11%  inference:11%
human                       9  0.00331  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:78%  dwas:11%  inference:11%
services                    9  0.00331  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  dwas:22%  inference:11%
quickly                     9  0.00331  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
performing                  9  0.00331  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  wikipedia:11%
sciences                    9  0.00331  inference            inference:100%
project                     8  0.00294  inference            inference:50%  onet_tasks:38%  dwas:12%
providing                   8  0.00294  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:88%  onet_tasks:12%
personnel                   8  0.00294  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:50%  dwas:25%  onet_tasks:12%
science                     8  0.00294  wikipedia            wikipedia:50%  onet_dimensions:25%  inference:25%
rules                       8  0.00294  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
needs                       8  0.00294  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%