[Core] [72% incumbents] Establish and oversee administrative procedures to meet objectives set by boards of directors or senior management.
  DWAs: Develop operating strategies, plans, or procedures. | Direct administrative or support services.

[Core] [72% incumbents] Direct activities of professional and technical staff members and volunteers.
  DWAs: Supervise employees.

[Core] [72% incumbents] Participate in the determination of organizational policies regarding such issues as participant eligibility, program requirements, and program benefits.
  DWAs: Develop organizational policies or programs.

[Core] [72% incumbents] Prepare and maintain records and reports, such as budgets, personnel records, or training manuals.
  DWAs: Prepare financial documents, reports, or budgets. | Maintain operational records.

[Core] [72% incumbents] Provide direct service and support to individuals or clients, such as handling a referral for child advocacy issues, conducting a needs evaluation, or resolving complaints.
  DWAs: Conduct opinion surveys or needs assessments. | Resolve customer complaints or problems.

[Core] [72% incumbents] Establish and maintain relationships with other agencies and organizations in community to meet community needs and to ensure that services are not duplicated.
  DWAs: Establish interpersonal business relationships to facilitate work activities.

[Core] [72% incumbents] Recruit, interview, and hire or sign up volunteers and staff.
  DWAs: Interview employees, customers, or others to collect information. | Hire personnel. | Recruit personnel.

[Core] [72% incumbents] Act as consultants to agency staff and other community programs regarding the interpretation of program-related federal, state, and county regulations and policies.
  DWAs: Advise others on legal or regulatory compliance matters.

[Core] [72% incumbents] Speak to community groups to explain and interpret agency purposes, programs, and policies.
  DWAs: Promote products, services, or programs.

[Supplemental] [72% incumbents] Analyze proposed legislation, regulations, or rule changes to determine how agency services could be impacted.
  DWAs: Analyze impact of legal or regulatory changes.

[Supplemental] [72% incumbents] Plan and administer budgets for programs, equipment, and support services.
  DWAs: Prepare operational budgets.

[Supplemental] [72% incumbents] Represent organizations in relations with governmental and media institutions.
  DWAs: Represent the organization in external relations.

[Supplemental] [72% incumbents] Direct fundraising activities and the preparation of public relations materials.
  DWAs: Coordinate special events or programs.

[Core] [71% incumbents] Evaluate the work of staff and volunteers to ensure that programs are of appropriate quality and that resources are used effectively.
  DWAs: Monitor performance of organizational members or partners.

[Core] [71% incumbents] Research and analyze member or community needs to determine program directions and goals.
  DWAs: Analyze market research data.

[Core] [71% incumbents] Implement and evaluate staff, volunteer, or community training programs.
  DWAs: Evaluate training programs, instructors, or materials. | Manage human resources activities.

--- SKILLS ---
  Active Listening (imp:3.88 lvl:4.25) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Critical Thinking (imp:3.88 lvl:4.12) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Active Learning (imp:3.88 lvl:3.88) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Monitoring (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Reading Comprehension (imp:3.75 lvl:4.12) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Writing (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Speaking (imp:3.75 lvl:4.12) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Learning Strategies (imp:3.62 lvl:3.75) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Mathematics (imp:2.62 lvl:3.12) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Science (imp:2.25 lvl:2.00) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:4.61 lvl:5.94) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Administration and Management (imp:4.37 lvl:4.60) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  English Language (imp:4.29 lvl:4.52) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Psychology (imp:4.06 lvl:4.76) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Education and Training (imp:3.92 lvl:5.25) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:3.73 lvl:4.36) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:3.70 lvl:4.48) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Public Safety and Security (imp:3.47 lvl:3.55) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Administrative (imp:3.46 lvl:4.49) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:3.42 lvl:4.16) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Mathematics (imp:3.33 lvl:4.06) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Computers and Electronics (imp:3.29 lvl:3.62) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Law and Government (imp:3.16 lvl:2.92) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Communications and Media (imp:2.98 lvl:2.89) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Economics and Accounting (imp:2.80 lvl:3.04) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Telecommunications (imp:2.51 lvl:1.50) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:2.36 lvl:3.00) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Sales and Marketing (imp:2.31 lvl:2.95) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Production and Processing (imp:2.09 lvl:1.97) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Transportation (imp:1.98 lvl:1.65) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:1.95 lvl:1.50) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Geography (imp:1.92 lvl:1.64) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Foreign Language (imp:1.87 lvl:1.33) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Building and Construction (imp:1.67 lvl:1.21) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Fine Arts (imp:1.60 lvl:0.79) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
  Mechanical (imp:1.57 lvl:1.27) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Design (imp:1.56 lvl:1.08) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Chemistry (imp:1.55 lvl:1.31) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Engineering and Technology (imp:1.51 lvl:1.14) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Biology (imp:1.45 lvl:0.90) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  History and Archeology (imp:1.43 lvl:0.88) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Physics (imp:1.42 lvl:0.86) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Food Production (imp:1.26 lvl:0.63) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food

--- ABILITIES ---
  Oral Expression (imp:4.38 lvl:4.62) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Oral Comprehension (imp:4.12 lvl:4.62) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Written Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Written Expression (imp:3.88 lvl:4.12) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:3.88 lvl:4.12) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.88 lvl:4.25) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Originality (imp:3.75 lvl:3.75) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:3.75 lvl:3.88) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:3.62 lvl:3.75) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Information Ordering (imp:3.50 lvl:3.50) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Near Vision (imp:3.12 lvl:3.62) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.00 lvl:3.38) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:2.88 lvl:3.38) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Number Facility (imp:2.88 lvl:3.38) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Selective Attention (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Time Sharing (imp:2.88 lvl:3.12) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Far Vision (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Memorization (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Perceptual Speed (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.62 lvl:2.88) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Visualization (imp:2.50 lvl:2.62) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:2.38 lvl:2.12) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Finger Dexterity (imp:2.25 lvl:1.88) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:2.00 lvl:1.25) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Control Precision (imp:2.00 lvl:1.25) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Trunk Strength (imp:1.75 lvl:0.88) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Depth Perception (imp:1.75 lvl:1.25) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Manual Dexterity (imp:1.50 lvl:0.62) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:1.50 lvl:0.62) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:1.38 lvl:0.75) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Stamina (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Extent Flexibility (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Dynamic Strength (imp:1.25 lvl:0.25) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:1.25 lvl:0.25) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Static Strength (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Spatial Orientation (imp:1.00) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Response Orientation (imp:1.00) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Rate Control (imp:1.00) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Reaction Time (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo
  Night Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Sound Localization (imp:1.00) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:4.65 lvl:5.20) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Getting Information (imp:4.48 lvl:4.62) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:4.28 lvl:5.39) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Working with Computers (imp:4.23 lvl:3.75) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:4.15 lvl:4.71) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:4.15 lvl:4.05) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:4.13 lvl:5.49) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:4.11 lvl:4.66) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:4.05 lvl:4.42) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:4.04 lvl:3.83) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:4.01 lvl:4.70) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:3.99 lvl:4.33) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:3.98 lvl:4.63) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:3.98 lvl:4.04) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Thinking Creatively (imp:3.87 lvl:3.99) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:3.86 lvl:4.42) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:3.84 lvl:4.33) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:3.80 lvl:4.06) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:3.78 lvl:4.86) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:3.76 lvl:4.04) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:3.74 lvl:4.56) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:3.64 lvl:4.24) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:3.63 lvl:3.76) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Processing Information (imp:3.62 lvl:3.97) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.51 lvl:3.54) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:3.48 lvl:3.52) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:3.46 lvl:3.62) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:3.35 lvl:3.80) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:3.32 lvl:3.96) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:2.83 lvl:3.20) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:2.51 lvl:2.08) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:2.46 lvl:1.74) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:2.40 lvl:2.50) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:2.27 lvl:2.11) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:2.23 lvl:1.90) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:2.18 lvl:1.29) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:1.92 lvl:1.98) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:1.64 lvl:0.74) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:1.43) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:1.30) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:1.19) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Integrity (imp:10.00) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Cooperation (imp:9.00) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Achievement Orientation (imp:8.00) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Social Orientation (imp:7.00) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Self-Control (imp:6.00) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Empathy (imp:5.00) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Adaptability (imp:4.00) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Leadership Orientation (imp:3.00) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Dependability (imp:2.65) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Leadership Orientation (imp:2.61) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Cooperation (imp:2.43) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Social Orientation (imp:2.38) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Empathy (imp:2.33) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Integrity (imp:2.32) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Sincerity (imp:2.20) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Optimism (imp:2.18) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Achievement Orientation (imp:2.11) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Adaptability (imp:2.09) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Control (imp:2.06) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Optimism (imp:2.00) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Stress Tolerance (imp:1.99) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Perseverance (imp:1.97) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Initiative (imp:1.93) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Self-Confidence (imp:1.76) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Attention to Detail (imp:1.71) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:1.51) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Cautiousness (imp:1.41) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Innovation (imp:1.33) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:1.32) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Humility (imp:1.19) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Intellectual Curiosity () — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Cautiousness () — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Attention to Detail () — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Dependability () — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:4.00 lvl:4.62) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Service Orientation (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Coordination (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:3.88 lvl:4.12) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:3.88 lvl:4.12) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Time Management (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:3.88 lvl:4.38) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Systems Analysis (imp:3.75 lvl:3.75) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Systems Evaluation (imp:3.75 lvl:3.88) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Instructing (imp:3.50 lvl:3.88) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Persuasion (imp:3.25 lvl:3.75) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Negotiation (imp:3.25 lvl:3.75) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Operations Analysis (imp:2.62 lvl:3.38) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:2.62) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Management of Material Resources (imp:2.38 lvl:2.38) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Operations Monitoring (imp:2.12 lvl:2.25) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Operation and Control (imp:2.00 lvl:1.62) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:2.00 lvl:1.62) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Technology Design (imp:1.88 lvl:1.12) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Programming (imp:1.75 lvl:0.88) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Troubleshooting (imp:1.50 lvl:0.75) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Equipment Selection (imp:1.00) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.00) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Repairing (imp:1.00) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 209,330
  annual_median    : $80,390
  annual_pct10     : $53,150
  annual_pct25     : $64,290
  annual_pct75     : $103,200
  annual_pct90     : $132,260
  annual_mean      : $88,880
  hourly_median    : $38.65

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : District of Columbia ($106,700)
  lowest_state     : Arkansas ($56,100)
  dispersion_ratio : 1.902x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (53 total) ---
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:  131,190  median: $  77,070
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:   40,010  median: $ 101,030
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:   20,700  median: $  79,930
  Educational Services                     emp:    6,400  median: $  97,350
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:    5,360  median: $  90,540
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:    1,480  median: $  87,830
  Real Estate and Rental and Leasing       emp:    1,260  median: $  70,970
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:    1,200  median: $  98,180
  Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation      emp:      700  median: $  71,320
  Finance and Insurance                    emp:      600  median: $ 103,720

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (14 total) ---
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:  131,190  median: $  77,070
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:   40,010  median: $ 101,030
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:   20,700  median: $  79,930
  Educational Services                     emp:    6,400  median: $  97,350
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:    5,360  median: $  90,540
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:    1,480  median: $  87,830
  Real Estate and Rental and Leasing       emp:    1,260  median: $  70,970
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:    1,200  median: $  98,180
  Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation      emp:      700  median: $  71,320
  Finance and Insurance                    emp:      600  median: $ 103,720

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Online community manager
match_score        : 0.6885
wikidata_qid       : Q2633287
word_count         : 562
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_community_manager
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T20:05:31.952710Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
An online community manager builds, grows and manages online communities, performing community management, often around a brand or cause.


== History ==
The most recognized origin of the term (online) community manager is in the computer games industry with the advent of MMORPG (Massively Multiplayer Online Role-playing Games) in the mid 1990s. Roles have expanded to include a wide variety of responsibilities and skill sets including social media management, marketing, product development, PR, and customer support. Game community management often includes supporting open communications between the developer and player community.
While the term "online community manager" may not have been used at the time, the role has also existed since online systems first began offering features and functions that allowed for community creation. These early efforts, in the form of bulletin board systems, had leaders known as system operators or Sysops. The early 1990s saw the growth of mainstream online computer services such as Prodigy, CompuServe and America Online. Prominent features of these services included communities which went by various names; Special Interest Groups, Communities of Interest and so on. And their leaders were often referred to as community managers.


== General roles ==
Online community managers may serve a variety of roles depending on the nature and purpose of their online community, which may or may not be part of a profit-motivated enterprise. Patti Anklam has asserted that "every network has an underlying purpose," and motivations for such network creation include mission, business, idea, learning, or personal.
She says such leaders hold the collective vision, create and manage relationships, and manage collaborative processes. Anklam does not distinguish a fundamental difference for these roles as related to the varying purposes of network (i.e., community) creation.


== Professional roles ==
Community managers are involved in the computer games industry, branded online communities, online research communities, corporate blogs, and other social media marketing and research activities.
Roles have expanded to include a wide variety of responsibilities and skill sets, including social media management, marketing, product support and development, PR, and customer support. At the core, community management encompasses a little bit of each of these while retaining its core tenet - ensuring open communications between the developer and community.


=== Culture and appreciation ===
Community Manager Appreciation Day takes place every 4th Monday of January as a way to recognize and celebrate the efforts of community managers around the world using social media and other tools to improve customer experiences. It was created by Jeremiah Owyang in 2010.
People are encouraged to send sincere Thank You notes to their online community managers. People using Twitter include the #CMAD and #CMGR hashtag in their tweets about this event.  Many online community managers and vendors in the social media marketplace post blogs in appreciation of their community managers.  Cities with large concentrations of Social Media focused businesses, such as Boston, Austin, and San Francisco hold in-person meetup events to celebrate and honor those who represent and support their online communities.


== See also ==
Community building
Community of practice
Internet forum
Internet social network
Market research
Online deliberation
Social network
Social media


== References ==


== External links ==
Rosenkranz, C., Feddersen, C. (2010). Managing viable virtual communities: an exploratory case study and explanatory model. International Journal of Web Based Communities. Volume 6, Number 1:	5-14.
Merlo, Pastrana Carlos (2013) Experience Marketing Sevilla España, ISBN 978-84-686-2758-8

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Mental health professional (similarity: 0.2857)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_health_professional
  QID: Q6817473
  Extract: A mental health professional is a health care practitioner or social and human services provider who offers services for the purpose of improving an individual's mental health or to treat mental disorders. This broad category was developed as a name for community personnel who worked in the new comm

  Title: X (social network) (similarity: 0.3636)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_(social_network)
  QID: Q918
  Extract: X, formerly known as Twitter, is an American microblogging and social networking service, headquartered in Bastrop, Texas. It is one of the world's largest social media platforms and one of the most-visited websites. Users can share short text messages, images, and videos in short posts and like oth

  Title: Social work (similarity: 0.3750)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_work
  QID: Q205398
  Extract: Social work is an academic discipline and practice-based profession concerned with meeting the basic needs of individuals, families, groups, communities, and society as a whole to enhance their individual and collective well-being. Social work practice draws from liberal arts, social science, and in

  Title: Online community (similarity: 0.4906)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_community
  QID: Q6576792
  Extract: An online community, also called an internet community or web community, is a community whose members engage in computer-mediated communication primarily via the Internet. Members of the community usually share common interests. For many, online communities may feel like home, consisting of a "famil

  Title: Council–manager government (similarity: 0.3492)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council%E2%80%93manager_government
  QID: Q946819
  Extract: The council–manager government is a form of local government commonly used for municipalities and counties in the United States, in Ireland, in city, district, and regional councils in New Zealand, and in Canadian municipalities. In the council-manager government, an elected city council hires a man

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong confidence based on comprehensive O*NET data including detailed tasks, skills, knowledge areas, and clear related occupations. BLS wage data provides current market intelligence, and education requirements are well-documented.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T12:48:14.581716+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,580
tokens_output        : 4,060
cost_usd             : $0.044007
wikipedia_used       : False
wikipedia_title      : Online community manager
wikipedia_note       : The Wikipedia match for 'Online community manager' is not relevant to this occupation, as it refers to digital community management rather than social service program management. The semantic neighbor 'Social work' provides more relevant context for understanding this field.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Social and Community Service Managers plan, direct, and coordinate activities of social service programs and community outreach organizations, overseeing budgets, policies, and participant involvement. They supervise professional staff including social workers, counselors, and volunteers while establishing administrative procedures to meet organizational objectives. These managers serve as the strategic and operational bridge between community needs and service delivery, requiring strong leadership, communication, and analytical skills.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
Managers begin their day reviewing program budgets and personnel records, then meet with professional staff and volunteers to coordinate service delivery activities. They spend significant time communicating with supervisors, peers, and subordinates to organize and prioritize work, while also establishing relationships with other community agencies to meet local needs. Throughout the day, they prepare reports, analyze proposed legislation for service impact, and provide direct consultation to staff on program interpretation and compliance matters. They frequently speak to community groups to explain agency purposes and programs, while also recruiting and interviewing potential staff and volunteers.

WHO THRIVES:
Individuals who excel in this role demonstrate exceptional integrity and cooperation, with strong achievement orientation and social awareness. They possess high-level oral expression and comprehension abilities, enabling effective communication with diverse stakeholders from board members to community clients. Successful managers combine analytical thinking with service orientation, using critical thinking and active listening to solve complex organizational and community problems. Those who thrive typically have strong social perceptiveness and coordination skills, allowing them to manage multiple relationships while maintaining focus on community service outcomes.

CAREER ENTRY:
Most Social and Community Service Managers enter with a bachelor's degree (50.4%) in social work, public administration, nonprofit management, or related human services fields, though nearly a quarter hold master's degrees (23.9%). Entry typically requires several years of experience in direct social services, case management, or program coordination roles. Many advance from positions as social workers, counselors, or program assistants, developing leadership capabilities and deep understanding of community service delivery systems.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Career advancement often leads to executive director positions at larger nonprofit organizations, government agency leadership roles, or specialized management in healthcare systems and social service networks. Experienced managers may transition into policy development, grant administration, or consulting roles, leveraging their expertise in program management and community relations. Some pursue additional education to move into higher-level government positions or establish their own community service organizations.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
With 209,330 professionals employed nationally, Social and Community Service Managers earn a median annual salary of $80,390 according to BLS OEWS May 2025, with the top 10% earning over $132,260. Employment concentrates heavily in Health Care and Social Assistance (131,190 positions) and government sectors (40,010 positions). Geographic variation is significant, with the District of Columbia offering the highest wages at $106,700 compared to Arkansas at $56,100, reflecting a 1.90x ratio between highest and lowest paying regions. The profession shows steady demand driven by aging populations, increased mental health awareness, and continued need for community-based social services.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
The role shows strong resistance to automation due to its emphasis on interpersonal relationships, complex problem-solving, and community engagement activities. Core functions like establishing relationships with community agencies, speaking to groups, and providing consultation require human judgment, empathy, and social perceptiveness that current AI cannot replicate effectively.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [career_pathway] Child, Family, and School Social Workers (21-1021.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Social workers frequently advance to management roles, sharing core knowledge in customer service, psychology, and therapy.
    data: O*NET Primary-Short relationship
    data: shared knowledge in Psychology (4.1 imp)
    data: common career progression pattern
  [skill_overlap] Human Resources Managers (11-3121.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles require high-level personnel management, administration knowledge, and organizational policy development abilities.
    data: shared Administration and Management knowledge (4.4 imp)
    data: Personnel and Human Resources knowledge (3.7 imp)
    data: similar management job zone
  [knowledge_overlap] Rehabilitation Counselors (21-1015.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Strong overlap in therapy and counseling knowledge, customer service orientation, and psychological understanding of client needs.
    data: Therapy and Counseling knowledge (3.7 imp)
    data: Psychology knowledge (4.1 imp)
    data: Customer and Personal Service focus
  [riasec_cluster] Community Health Workers (21-1094.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both roles show strong Social and Enterprising RIASEC patterns, focusing on helping people and organizational leadership.
    data: Enterprising orientation (6.97)
    data: Social orientation (5.43)
    data: community-focused service delivery
  [task_similarity] Health Education Specialists (21-1091.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both roles involve speaking to community groups, establishing relationships with agencies, and promoting organizational programs.
    data: community speaking activities
    data: agency relationship building
    data: program promotion tasks

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['social service manager', 'community service manager', 'program director', 'nonprofit manager', 'social program coordinator', 'community outreach manager', 'human services director', 'case services manager']
  exclude_keywords : ['online community', 'digital marketing', 'social media', 'content creation', 'web community']
  title_patterns   : ['*service*manager', '*community*director', '*social*coordinator', '*program*supervisor', '*outreach*manager']
  common_variations: ['social services manager', 'community services manager', 'social service director', 'community service director', 'human services manager', 'nonprofit program manager', 'social program director', 'community outreach director']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['community', 'tendency', 'others', 'social', 'equipment', 'management', 'services', 'online', 'activities', 'service', 'programs', 'principles', 'needs', 'includes', 'managers', 'communities', 'media', 'materials', 'control', 'objects']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
community                  56  0.01784  wikipedia            wikipedia:57%  inference:32%  onet_tasks:11%
tendency                   42  0.01338  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
others                     40  0.01274  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:95%  dwas:5%
social                     40  0.01274  wikipedia            wikipedia:48%  inference:40%  onet_dimensions:12%
equipment                  24  0.00765  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:96%  onet_tasks:4%
management                 19  0.00605  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:37%  inference:32%  wikipedia:26%
services                   19  0.00605  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:32%  wikipedia:26%  onet_tasks:16%
online                     19  0.00605  wikipedia            wikipedia:95%  inference:5%
activities                 17  0.00542  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:53%  inference:18%  onet_tasks:12%
service                    17  0.00542  inference            inference:76%  onet_dimensions:12%  onet_tasks:6%
programs                   16  0.00510  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:31%  onet_dimensions:25%  dwas:25%
principles                 16  0.00510  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
needs                      15  0.00478  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:53%  onet_tasks:20%  inference:13%
includes                   14  0.00446  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:86%  wikipedia:14%
managers                   14  0.00446  wikipedia            wikipedia:50%  inference:50%
communities                13  0.00414  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
media                      12  0.00382  wikipedia            wikipedia:67%  onet_dimensions:25%  onet_tasks:8%
materials                  12  0.00382  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:83%  onet_tasks:8%  dwas:8%
control                    12  0.00382  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
objects                    12  0.00382  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
procedures                 11  0.00350  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:73%  onet_tasks:9%  dwas:9%
program                    11  0.00350  inference            inference:55%  onet_tasks:36%  onet_dimensions:9%
resources                  11  0.00350  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:82%  onet_tasks:9%  dwas:9%
problems                   11  0.00350  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:82%  dwas:9%  inference:9%
human                      11  0.00350  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:64%  inference:18%  dwas:9%
ideas                      11  0.00350  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
orientation                11  0.00350  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:82%  inference:18%
relationships              10  0.00319  inference            inference:40%  onet_dimensions:30%  onet_tasks:10%
government                 10  0.00319  wikipedia            wikipedia:40%  onet_dimensions:30%  inference:30%
techniques                 10  0.00319  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
events                     10  0.00319  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:80%  dwas:10%  wikipedia:10%
body                       10  0.00319  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
manager                    10  0.00319  wikipedia            wikipedia:90%  inference:10%
direct                      9  0.00287  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:33%  inference:33%  onet_dimensions:11%
staff                       9  0.00287  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:56%  inference:44%
personnel                   9  0.00287  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:44%  dwas:22%  onet_tasks:11%
health                      9  0.00287  wikipedia            wikipedia:67%  inference:22%  onet_dimensions:11%
quickly                     9  0.00287  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
performing                  9  0.00287  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  wikipedia:11%
developing                  9  0.00287  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  inference:11%