[Core] [23% incumbents] Develop regulatory strategies and implementation plans for the preparation and submission of new products.
  DWAs: Develop operating strategies, plans, or procedures.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Review all regulatory agency submission materials to ensure timeliness, accuracy, comprehensiveness, or compliance with regulatory standards.
  DWAs: Review documents or materials for compliance with policies or regulations.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Direct the preparation and submission of regulatory agency applications, reports, or correspondence.
  DWAs: Manage control system activities in organizations.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Investigate product complaints and prepare documentation and submissions to appropriate regulatory agencies as necessary.
  DWAs: Prepare reports related to compliance matters. | Maintain regulatory or compliance documentation.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Provide responses to regulatory agencies regarding product information or issues.
  DWAs: Coordinate with external parties to exchange information.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Represent organizations before domestic or international regulatory agencies on major policy matters or decisions regarding company products.
  DWAs: Represent the organization in external relations.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Provide regulatory guidance to departments or development project teams regarding design, development, evaluation, or marketing of products.
  DWAs: Advise others on legal or regulatory compliance matters.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Manage activities such as audits, regulatory agency inspections, or product recalls.
  DWAs: Manage control system activities in organizations.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Communicate regulatory information to multiple departments and ensure that information is interpreted correctly.
  DWAs: Communicate organizational policies and procedures.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Maintain current knowledge of relevant regulations, including proposed and final rules.
  DWAs: Maintain knowledge of current developments in area of expertise.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Formulate or implement regulatory affairs policies and procedures to ensure that regulatory compliance is maintained or enhanced.
  DWAs: Implement organizational process or policy changes. | Develop organizational policies or programs. | Develop operating strategies, plans, or procedures.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Direct documentation efforts to ensure compliance with domestic and international regulations and standards.
  DWAs: Coordinate regulatory documentation activities. | Manage documentation to ensure organization or accuracy. | Manage control system activities in organizations.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Review materials such as marketing literature or user manuals to ensure that regulatory agency requirements are met.
  DWAs: Examine marketing materials to ensure compliance with policies or regulations.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Participate in the development or implementation of clinical trial protocols.
  DWAs: Develop organizational methods or procedures.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Implement or monitor complaint processing systems to ensure effective and timely resolution of all complaint investigations.
  DWAs: Monitor organizational procedures to ensure proper functioning. | Implement organizational process or policy changes.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Establish procedures or systems for publishing document submissions in hardcopy or electronic formats.
  DWAs: Develop operating strategies, plans, or procedures.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Establish regulatory priorities or budgets and allocate resources and workloads.
  DWAs: Develop organizational goals or objectives. | Prepare staff schedules or work assignments. | Prepare operational budgets.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Train staff in regulatory policies or procedures.
  DWAs: Conduct employee training programs.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Develop and maintain standard operating procedures or local working practices.
  DWAs: Develop operating strategies, plans, or procedures.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Contribute to the development or implementation of business unit strategic and operating plans.
  DWAs: Implement organizational process or policy changes. | Develop operating strategies, plans, or procedures.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Monitor regulatory affairs activities to ensure their alignment with corporate sustainability or green initiatives.
  DWAs: Monitor organizational compliance with regulations.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Coordinate internal discoveries and depositions with legal department staff.
  DWAs: Confer with organizational members to accomplish work activities.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Monitor emerging trends regarding industry regulations to determine potential impacts on organizational processes.
  DWAs: Monitor external affairs or events affecting business operations.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Develop relationships with state or federal environmental regulatory agencies to learn about and analyze the potential impacts of proposed environmental policy regulations.
  DWAs: Establish interpersonal business relationships to facilitate work activities.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Monitor regulatory affairs trends related to environmental issues.
  DWAs: Monitor external affairs or events affecting business operations.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Evaluate regulatory affairs aspects that are specifically green, such as the use of toxic substances in packaging, carbon footprinting issues, or green policy implementation.
  DWAs: Evaluate environmental impact of operational or development activities.

[Supplemental] [23% incumbents] Evaluate new software publishing systems and confer with regulatory agencies concerning news or updates on electronic publishing of submissions.
  DWAs: Evaluate potential of products, technologies, or resources. | Coordinate operational activities with external stakeholders.

[EMERGING:Revision] Develop and review regulatory strategies, development plans, and implementation plans for the preparation and submission of new products.

--- SKILLS ---
  Writing (imp:4.25 lvl:4.12) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Reading Comprehension (imp:4.12 lvl:4.12) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Active Listening (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Speaking (imp:4.00 lvl:4.12) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Critical Thinking (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Monitoring (imp:3.62 lvl:4.12) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Active Learning (imp:3.50 lvl:3.75) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Learning Strategies (imp:3.00 lvl:3.50) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Mathematics (imp:2.38 lvl:2.62) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Science (imp:2.38 lvl:1.88) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  English Language (imp:4.57 lvl:4.83) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Law and Government (imp:3.96 lvl:4.09) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Administration and Management (imp:3.70 lvl:4.65) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Biology (imp:3.39 lvl:4.00) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Education and Training (imp:3.09 lvl:4.57) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Administrative (imp:3.04 lvl:3.91) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Chemistry (imp:3.04 lvl:3.74) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Computers and Electronics (imp:2.91 lvl:3.61) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:2.77 lvl:2.65) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Mathematics (imp:2.74 lvl:3.35) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Production and Processing (imp:2.65 lvl:2.96) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Engineering and Technology (imp:2.55 lvl:2.91) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Design (imp:2.55 lvl:2.87) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:2.48 lvl:3.30) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:2.26 lvl:2.43) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Public Safety and Security (imp:2.26 lvl:1.74) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Physics (imp:2.09 lvl:2.00) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Communications and Media (imp:2.09 lvl:2.13) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Sales and Marketing (imp:2.04 lvl:2.35) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Mechanical (imp:1.96 lvl:1.91) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Foreign Language (imp:1.96 lvl:2.00) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Psychology (imp:1.91 lvl:2.13) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Economics and Accounting (imp:1.82 lvl:1.36) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Telecommunications (imp:1.78 lvl:1.04) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:1.70 lvl:1.83) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Building and Construction (imp:1.57 lvl:1.13) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Geography (imp:1.52 lvl:1.70) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.48 lvl:1.00) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Transportation (imp:1.43 lvl:0.91) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Food Production (imp:1.39 lvl:0.87) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.26 lvl:0.65) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  History and Archeology (imp:1.17 lvl:0.48) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Fine Arts (imp:1.09 lvl:0.35) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform

--- ABILITIES ---
  Written Expression (imp:4.25 lvl:4.12) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Oral Comprehension (imp:4.12 lvl:4.12) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Written Comprehension (imp:4.12 lvl:4.25) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Oral Expression (imp:4.12 lvl:4.12) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Near Vision (imp:3.75 lvl:3.88) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.75 lvl:3.88) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.75 lvl:3.75) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Information Ordering (imp:3.62 lvl:3.75) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:3.12 lvl:3.62) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Originality (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Selective Attention (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Far Vision (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.62 lvl:2.62) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Perceptual Speed (imp:2.62 lvl:2.62) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Time Sharing (imp:2.62 lvl:2.38) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:2.38 lvl:2.50) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Number Facility (imp:2.38 lvl:2.62) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Memorization (imp:2.25 lvl:2.62) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Visualization (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:2.00 lvl:1.62) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.00 lvl:1.12) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.00 lvl:1.38) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Trunk Strength (imp:1.88 lvl:1.12) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Depth Perception (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Finger Dexterity (imp:1.38 lvl:0.50) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Dynamic Strength (imp:1.25 lvl:0.25) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Spatial Orientation (imp:1.00) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:1.00) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Manual Dexterity (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Control Precision (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:1.00) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Response Orientation (imp:1.00) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Rate Control (imp:1.00) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Reaction Time (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Static Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Stamina (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Extent Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:1.00) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:1.00) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Night Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Sound Localization (imp:1.00) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:4.68 lvl:5.96) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:4.65 lvl:5.70) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:4.61 lvl:5.26) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:4.61 lvl:5.65) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Getting Information (imp:4.52 lvl:5.87) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:4.48 lvl:5.30) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:4.43 lvl:5.74) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Working with Computers (imp:4.35 lvl:3.39) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:4.30 lvl:4.78) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:4.26 lvl:5.30) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Processing Information (imp:4.26 lvl:5.57) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:4.23 lvl:5.13) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:4.22 lvl:5.52) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:4.04 lvl:4.74) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:3.96 lvl:5.65) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:3.65 lvl:4.78) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Thinking Creatively (imp:3.52 lvl:4.52) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:3.52 lvl:5.13) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:3.52 lvl:4.26) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:3.52 lvl:4.48) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:3.50 lvl:3.96) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:3.39 lvl:4.65) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:3.35 lvl:4.35) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:3.27 lvl:4.70) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:3.26 lvl:4.00) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.22 lvl:3.91) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:3.00 lvl:3.35) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:3.00 lvl:3.70) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:3.00 lvl:3.96) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:2.83 lvl:3.61) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:2.73 lvl:3.17) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:2.18 lvl:2.35) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:2.13 lvl:2.04) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:1.68 lvl:1.45) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:1.61 lvl:0.83) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:1.43 lvl:1.04) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:1.39 lvl:0.52) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:1.26 lvl:0.70) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:1.17 lvl:0.26) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:1.09 lvl:0.13) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:1.04 lvl:0.13) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Dependability (imp:7.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Attention to Detail (imp:6.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Integrity (imp:5.00) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Cautiousness (imp:4.00) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:3.00) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Attention to Detail (imp:3.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Dependability (imp:2.93) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Integrity (imp:2.93) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Cautiousness (imp:2.74) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Leadership Orientation (imp:2.31) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:2.24) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Achievement Orientation (imp:2.17) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Achievement Orientation (imp:2.00) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Perseverance (imp:1.97) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Self-Control (imp:1.84) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Initiative (imp:1.82) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Stress Tolerance (imp:1.80) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Adaptability (imp:1.75) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence (imp:1.73) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Cooperation (imp:1.63) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:1.31) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Sincerity (imp:1.26) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Social Orientation (imp:1.18) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Leadership Orientation (imp:1.00) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Innovation (imp:0.87) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Optimism (imp:0.69) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Humility (imp:0.67) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Empathy (imp:0.45) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:3.75 lvl:3.25) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Systems Analysis (imp:3.75 lvl:3.88) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Systems Evaluation (imp:3.75 lvl:3.75) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Time Management (imp:3.62 lvl:3.75) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Coordination (imp:3.50 lvl:3.50) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:3.25 lvl:3.62) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Instructing (imp:3.25 lvl:3.00) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Persuasion (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Negotiation (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:3.00 lvl:3.50) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Service Orientation (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Operations Analysis (imp:2.75 lvl:3.12) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Management of Material Resources (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Programming (imp:1.88 lvl:0.88) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Operations Monitoring (imp:1.88 lvl:0.88) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Technology Design (imp:1.62 lvl:0.75) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:1.25 lvl:0.38) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Equipment Selection (imp:1.00) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Operation and Control (imp:1.00) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.00) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Troubleshooting (imp:1.00) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Repairing (imp:1.00) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 622,190
  annual_median    : $141,900
  annual_pct10     : $74,300
  annual_pct25     : $102,880
  annual_pct75     : $186,300
  annual_pct90     : $238,270
  annual_mean      : $153,890
  hourly_median    : $68.22

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : Massachusetts ($182,950)
  lowest_state     : Indiana ($79,900)
  dispersion_ratio : 2.290x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (54 total) ---
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:  135,880  median: $ 140,670
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:   86,940  median: $ 170,130
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:   51,180  median: $ 165,300
  Finance and Insurance                    emp:   47,700  median: $ 166,450
  Manufacturing                            emp:   45,220  median: $ 163,860
  Information                              emp:   35,240  median: $ 173,930
  Educational Services                     emp:   31,600  median: $ 104,690
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:   30,570  median: $ 121,630
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:   30,380  median: $ 123,830
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:   26,530  median: $ 149,460

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (20 total) ---
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:  135,880  median: $ 140,670
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:   86,940  median: $ 170,130
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:   51,180  median: $ 165,300
  Finance and Insurance                    emp:   47,700  median: $ 166,450
  Manufacturing                            emp:   45,220  median: $ 163,860
  Information                              emp:   35,240  median: $ 173,930
  Educational Services                     emp:   31,600  median: $ 104,690
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:   30,570  median: $ 121,630
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:   30,380  median: $ 123,830
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:   26,530  median: $ 149,460

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Regulatory capture
match_score        : 0.6222
wikidata_qid       : Q2408462
word_count         : 6,834
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulatory_capture
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T20:07:02.413539Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
In politics, regulatory capture (also called agency capture) is a form of corruption of authority that occurs when a political entity, policymaker, or regulator is co-opted to serve the commercial, ideological, or political interests of a minor constituency, such as a particular geographic area, industry, profession, or ideological group.
When regulatory capture occurs, a special interest is prioritized over the general interests of the public, leading to a net loss for society. The theory of client politics is related to that of rent-seeking and political failure; client politics "occurs when most or all of the benefits of a program go to some single, reasonably small interest (e.g., industry, profession, or locality) but most or all of the costs will be borne by a large number of people (for example, all taxpayers)".


== Theory ==

For public choice theorists, regulatory capture occurs because groups or individuals with high-stakes interests in the outcome of policy or regulatory decisions can be expected to focus their resources and energies to gain the policy outcomes they prefer, while members of the public, each with only a tiny individual stake in the outcome, will ignore it altogether. Regulatory capture refers to the actions of interest groups when this is successful at influencing the staff or commission members of the regulator.

Regulatory capture theory is a core focus of the branch of public choice referred to as the economics of regulation; economists in this specialty are critical of conceptualizations of governmental regulatory intervention as being motivated to protect the public good. Often cited articles include Bernstein (1955), Huntington (1952), Laffont & Tirole (1991), and Levine & Forrence (1990). The theory of regulatory capture is associated with Nobel laureate economist George Stigler, one of its major developers.
The likelihood of regulatory capture is a risk to which an agency is exposed by its very nature. This suggests that a regulator should be protected from outside influence as much as possible. Alternatively, it may be better to not create a given agency at all. A captured regulator is often worse than no regulation, because it wields the authority of government. However, increased transparency of the agency may mitigate the effects of capture. Recent evidence suggests that, even in mature democracies with high levels of transparency and media freedom, more extensive and complex regulatory environments are associated with higher levels of corruption (including regulatory capture).
Stigler framed the problem of regulatory capture as "the problem of discovering when and why an industry is able to use the state for its purposes". He focuses on whole industries. But, it is never a whole industry that is 'capturing' its regulators, but only the big companies that, using the tool of the revolving door, 'highjack' the regulator by offering high salaries. Brezis and Cariolle (2019) have shown that the connected firms are always the big firms. Indeed, the top 5 financial companies concentrate around 80% of the stock of revolving door movements and regulatory capture. This leads to inequality of influence among firms in the same sector.
It should also be noted that regulatory capture in developed countries is not anymore related to corruption and illegal behavior, but to abuse of power.


=== Types ===
There are two basic types of regulatory capture:

Materialist capture, also called financial capture, in which the captured regulator's motive is based on its material self-interest. This can result from bribery, revolving doors, political donations, political corruption or the regulator's desire to maintain its funding.
Non-materialist capture, also called cognitive capture, can be caused by bias in the representation of public interests, which through consensus decision-making can be adopted by regulatory agencies and law. This can result from interest groups lobbying for the industry. Highly specialized technical industries can pose a risk of cultural capture because the regulating agency typically needs to employ experts in the regulated area, and the pool of such experts typically consists largely of existing or former employees from the regulated industry.
While large firms can capture regulators due to their larger material and non-material resources, small firms are more prone to retain capture via a special underdog rhetoric.


=== Relationship with federalism ===
There is substantial academic literature suggesting that smaller government units are easier for small, concentrated industries to capture than large ones. For example, a group of states or provinces with a large timber industry might have their legislature and/or their delegation to the national legislature captured by lumber companies. These states or provinces then become the voice of the industry, even to the point of blocking national policies that would be preferred by the majority across the whole country. Moore and Giovinazzo (2012) call this the "distortion gap".
The opposite is possible. Very large and powerful industries (e.g., energy, banking, weapon system construction) can capture national governments, and then use that power to block policies at the national, state or provincial level that the voters may want, although even local interests can thwart national priorities.


=== Economic rationale ===
Regulatory capture has an economic basis: vested interests in an industry have the greatest financial stake in regulations affecting them, and so are more likely to try to influence the regulator than relatively dispersed individual consumers, each with little incentive. When regulators form expert bodies to examine policy, these invariably feature current or former industry members, or at the very least, individuals with lives and contacts in the industry. Capture is also facilitated where consumers or taxpayers have a poorer understanding of underlying issues than businesses.
Jon Hanson and his co-authors argue that the phenomenon extends beyond political agencies and organizations. Businesses have an incentive to control anything that has power over them, including the media, academia and popular culture, and will try to capture them too. This is called "deep capture".
Regulatory public interest is based on market failure and welfare economics. It holds that regulation is the response of the government to public needs. Its purpose is to make up for market failures, improve the efficiency of resource allocation, and maximize social welfare. Posner states that the public interest theory contains the assumption that the market is fragile, and that if left unchecked, it will tend to be unfair and inefficient, and government regulation is a costless and effective way to meet the needs of social justice and efficiency. Mimik states that government regulation is a public administration policy that focuses on private behavior. It is a rule drawn from the public interest. Irving and Brouhingan state that regulation is a way of obeying public needs and weakening the risk of market operations. They also expressed the view that regulation reflects the public interest.


== History ==

The review of the United States history of regulation at the end of the 19th century, especially the regulation of railway tariffs by the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) in 1887, revealed that regulations and market failures are not co-relevant. At least until the 1960s, regulation was developed in the direction of favoring producers, and regulation increased the profits of manufacturers within the industry. In potentially competitive industries such as trucking and taxis, regulations allow higher prices and prevent entrants. In monopoly industries such as electric power generation, there is evidence that regulation has little effect on prices, so the industry can earn excess profits. Evidence shows that regulation is beneficial to producers.
These observations led to 

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Emeka Mba (similarity: 0.2778)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emeka_Mba
  QID: Q130204944
  Extract: Emeka Nkem Mba is a Nigerian media and communications executive, recognised for his leadership roles in Nigeria's broadcasting and film regulation sectors. He served as the Director-General of the National Broadcasting Commission (NBC) from May 2013 to February 2016, and previously held the position

  Title: Jeanette Ward (similarity: 0.2500)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanette_Ward
  QID: Q116243415
  Extract: Jeanette Ward is an American politician formerly serving as a member of the Wyoming House of Representatives for the 57th district. Elected in November 2022, she assumed office on January 2, 2023. She left office January 6, 2025.

  Title: International Financial Services Centres Authority (similarity: 0.1818)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Financial_Services_Centres_Authority
  QID: Q118997386
  Extract: The International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA) is the regulatory body for the Indian special economic zones such as the GIFT International Financial Services Centre for International Financial Services and commodity markets under the ownership of the Government of India. It was estab

  Title: Hedge fund (similarity: 0.1622)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedge_fund
  QID: Q105611
  Extract: A hedge fund is a pooled investment fund that holds liquid assets and that makes use of complex trading and risk management techniques to aim to improve investment performance and insulate returns from market risk. Among these portfolio techniques are short selling and the use of leverage and deriva

  Title: Federal Bureau of Investigation (similarity: 0.2414)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation
  QID: Q8333
  Extract: The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the domestic intelligence and security service of the United States and its principal federal law enforcement agency. An agency of the United States Department of Justice, the FBI is a member of the U.S. Intelligence Community and reports to both the atto

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong confidence based on comprehensive O*NET data including detailed work activities, skills, knowledge requirements, and substantial employment data from BLS. The occupation profile is well-defined with clear task descriptions and robust wage/employment statistics.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T12:54:16.983881+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,620
tokens_output        : 4,170
cost_usd             : $0.045436
wikipedia_used       : False
wikipedia_title      : Regulatory capture
wikipedia_note       : The Wikipedia match for 'regulatory capture' describes corruption in regulatory processes rather than the professional role of regulatory affairs management. The semantic neighbors focus on other regulatory bodies and executives but don't provide relevant context for this occupation.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Regulatory Affairs Managers plan, direct, and coordinate production activities to ensure organizational compliance with regulations and standard operating procedures. They serve as the primary interface between organizations and regulatory agencies, developing strategies for product submissions and managing compliance frameworks. These professionals combine deep regulatory knowledge with management expertise to navigate complex regulatory environments across industries like pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and government sectors.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
A typical day involves reviewing regulatory agency submission materials for accuracy and compliance, developing regulatory strategies for new product preparations, and communicating with external regulatory agencies regarding policy matters or product issues. They direct the preparation of regulatory applications and reports, investigate product complaints requiring regulatory documentation, and provide guidance to internal teams on design and development compliance requirements. Much of their time is spent evaluating information against regulatory standards, interpreting regulatory requirements for cross-functional teams, and managing activities like audits, inspections, or product recalls. They maintain current knowledge of evolving regulations and ensure regulatory information is correctly communicated across multiple organizational departments.

WHO THRIVES:
Successful Regulatory Affairs Managers exhibit exceptional dependability and attention to detail, as regulatory compliance errors can have severe consequences for organizations. They possess strong written and oral communication abilities to effectively interface with regulatory agencies and internal stakeholders, combined with deductive and inductive reasoning skills for interpreting complex regulatory frameworks. These professionals demonstrate high integrity and cautiousness in their approach to compliance matters, with intellectual curiosity to stay current with evolving regulations. They excel in enterprising environments where they can lead compliance initiatives while also thriving in conventional structured settings that require systematic adherence to regulatory procedures.

CAREER ENTRY:
Entry typically requires a bachelor's degree (73.9% of practitioners), often in life sciences, engineering, law, or business, with master's degrees held by 13.0% of professionals according to education distribution data. Candidates need substantial preparation including knowledge of law and government regulations, administration and management principles, and often industry-specific technical knowledge in areas like biology or chemistry. Prior experience in compliance, quality assurance, or regulatory roles provides essential foundation for understanding regulatory frameworks and submission processes.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Regulatory Affairs Managers can advance to senior director or vice president roles in regulatory affairs, often progressing to chief regulatory officer positions in larger organizations. Career paths may lead to broader compliance management roles, general management positions, or specialized consulting in regulatory strategy. The combination of regulatory expertise and management experience creates opportunities in government agencies, pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology firms, and consulting organizations focused on regulatory compliance.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
According to BLS OEWS May 2025 data, 622,190 professionals are employed in this field with a median annual wage of $141,900, ranging from $74,300 to $238,270 (10th to 90th percentile). Geographic variation is significant, with Massachusetts leading at $182,950 compared to Indiana at $79,900, representing a 2.29x ratio between highest and lowest paying states. Top employment sectors include Federal, State, and Local Government (135,880 employed), Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services (86,940 employed), and Management of Companies and Enterprises (51,180 employed). The substantial employment base and wage premiums reflect strong demand for regulatory expertise across multiple industries, particularly in highly regulated sectors like pharmaceuticals, healthcare, and government.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
Core activities like evaluating information for compliance with standards and interpreting regulatory requirements for others require human judgment and contextual understanding that resist automation. While routine documentation tasks and regulatory tracking may become more automated, the strategic aspects of regulatory planning, agency communication, and compliance decision-making will remain fundamentally human-centered due to their interpretive and relationship-based nature.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [career_pathway] Regulatory Affairs Specialists (13-1041.07) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Direct career progression pathway where specialists advance to management roles with identical core regulatory knowledge and similar task profiles.
    data: Same regulatory focus
    data: Similar knowledge requirements in Law and Government
    data: Overlapping work activities in compliance evaluation
  [skill_overlap] Compliance Managers (11-9199.02) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Extensive skill overlap in compliance evaluation, written expression, and administration knowledge with shared focus on organizational compliance frameworks.
    data: Both require Administration and Management knowledge
    data: Similar work activities in compliance evaluation
    data: Shared emphasis on dependability work style
  [knowledge_overlap] Environmental Compliance Inspectors (13-1041.01) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Significant overlap in Law and Government knowledge and compliance evaluation activities, though environmental inspectors focus on specific environmental regulations.
    data: Law and Government knowledge requirement
    data: Compliance evaluation work activities
    data: Similar attention to detail requirements
  [transferable_skill] Management Analysts (13-1111.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Strong transferable skills in systems analysis, complex problem solving, and administration knowledge enable movement between regulatory management and general management analysis.
    data: Systems Analysis transferable skill overlap
    data: Administration and Management knowledge
    data: Similar problem-solving requirements
  [riasec_cluster] Quality Control Systems Managers (11-3051.01) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both roles exhibit strong Enterprising and Conventional RIASEC profiles with emphasis on systematic management of compliance and quality standards.
    data: Similar Enterprising and Conventional RIASEC scores
    data: Management focus on standards compliance
    data: Comparable attention to detail work styles

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['regulatory affairs', 'compliance management', 'regulatory strategy', 'regulatory submissions', 'regulatory guidance', 'regulatory agencies', 'compliance framework', 'regulatory oversight']
  exclude_keywords : ['environmental', 'clinical data', 'financial risk', 'administrative services', 'project management']
  title_patterns   : ['Regulatory Affairs Manager', 'RA Manager', 'Regulatory Manager', 'Compliance Director', 'Global Regulatory Affairs']
  common_variations: ['RA Manager', 'Regulatory Affairs Director', 'Global RA Manager', 'CMC Regulatory Manager', 'Regulatory Strategy Manager', 'RA and Compliance Manager', 'International Regulatory Manager', 'Regulatory Affairs Executive']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['regulatory', 'capture', 'tendency', 'others', 'public', 'agency', 'regulation', 'procedures', 'compliance', 'activities', 'equipment', 'sec', 'government', 'management', 'control', 'commission', 'regulations', 'nuclear', 'financial', 'theory']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
regulatory                117  0.01825  wikipedia            wikipedia:51%  inference:28%  onet_tasks:18%
capture                    56  0.00873  wikipedia            wikipedia:98%  inference:2%
tendency                   43  0.00671  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:98%  wikipedia:2%
others                     41  0.00639  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:93%  dwas:2%  wikipedia:2%
public                     35  0.00546  wikipedia            wikipedia:89%  onet_dimensions:11%
agency                     33  0.00515  wikipedia            wikipedia:79%  onet_tasks:12%  inference:6%
regulation                 26  0.00406  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
procedures                 25  0.00390  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:32%  dwas:32%  onet_tasks:16%
compliance                 24  0.00374  inference            inference:50%  dwas:25%  onet_tasks:12%
activities                 23  0.00359  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:39%  dwas:35%  inference:13%
equipment                  23  0.00359  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
sec                        23  0.00359  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
government                 22  0.00343  wikipedia            wikipedia:64%  inference:23%  onet_dimensions:14%
management                 22  0.00343  wikipedia            wikipedia:36%  onet_dimensions:32%  inference:32%
control                    22  0.00343  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:55%  wikipedia:32%  dwas:14%
commission                 22  0.00343  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
regulations                21  0.00328  wikipedia            wikipedia:38%  onet_tasks:19%  inference:19%
nuclear                    21  0.00328  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
financial                  20  0.00312  wikipedia            wikipedia:85%  onet_dimensions:15%
theory                     20  0.00312  wikipedia            wikipedia:95%  onet_dimensions:5%
nrc                        19  0.00296  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
standards                  18  0.00281  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:44%  wikipedia:33%  onet_tasks:11%
interest                   18  0.00281  wikipedia            wikipedia:89%  onet_dimensions:11%
said                       18  0.00281  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
principles                 17  0.00265  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:94%  inference:6%
states                     17  0.00265  wikipedia            wikipedia:94%  inference:6%
materials                  16  0.00250  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:62%  onet_tasks:12%  dwas:12%
safety                     16  0.00250  wikipedia            wikipedia:94%  onet_dimensions:6%
resources                  15  0.00234  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:60%  wikipedia:27%  onet_tasks:7%
industries                 15  0.00234  wikipedia            wikipedia:87%  inference:13%
faa                        15  0.00234  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
strategies                 14  0.00218  dwas                 dwas:36%  onet_dimensions:29%  onet_tasks:14%
rules                      14  0.00218  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:57%  wikipedia:36%  onet_tasks:7%
organizational             14  0.00218  dwas                 dwas:71%  inference:14%  onet_tasks:7%
includes                   14  0.00218  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:86%  wikipedia:14%
agencies                   13  0.00203  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:38%  wikipedia:31%  inference:31%
needs                      13  0.00203  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:62%  wikipedia:38%
problem                    13  0.00203  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:54%  wikipedia:46%
services                   13  0.00203  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:46%  wikipedia:46%  inference:8%
organization               13  0.00203  wikipedia            wikipedia:54%  onet_dimensions:31%  dwas:15%