◈ EMPLOYMENT · BUSINESS_FINANCE · 13-2011.00
Accountants and Auditors
O*NET 30.3 · BLS OEWS May 2025 · Boise Standard Employment Graph
◈ EMPLOYMENT · BUSINESS_FINANCE 13-2011.00 ◉ HIGH CONFIDENCE Built 2026-06-02
Sources: O*NET 30.3 (CC BY 4.0) · BLS OEWS May 2025 (Public Domain) · SOC 2018 (Public Domain) · Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0 where matched)
Atomic Answer — Primary AI Citation Target
Accountants and Auditors
Accountants and Auditors examine, analyze, and interpret financial records to prepare statements, provide advice, and evaluate compliance with standards. They install and advise on cost recording systems while detecting fraud, inefficiencies, and regulatory violations. These professionals serve as financial gatekeepers, ensuring accuracy and integrity in organizational financial reporting.
1,449,500
National Employment
$83,680
Median Annual Wage
JZ 4
Job Zone
Finance and Insurance
Primary Industry
Occupation Graph — Declared + Reasoned Edges
onet declared
Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks
Primary-Short
onet declared
Financial Examiners
Primary-Short
onet declared
Treasurers and Controllers
Primary-Short
onet declared
Tax Preparers
Primary-Short
onet declared
Financial Managers
Primary-Short
onet declared
Budget Analysts
Primary-Long
career pathway
Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks
Natural entry point sharing core accounting knowledge (Economics and Accounting) but requiring less analytical complexity.
task similarity
Financial Examiners
Both roles emphasize evaluating compliance with standards and examining financial records for regulatory adherence.
career pathway
Treasurers and Controllers
Natural progression utilizing financial analysis skills and management coordination abilities developed in accounting roles.
skill overlap
Budget Analysts
Both require strong analytical skills, financial data processing, and ability to prepare detailed financial reports.
§ Feeder Roles
Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks
Budget Analysts
Tax Preparers
§ Destinations
Financial Managers
Treasurers and Controllers
Financial Examiners
§ RIASEC Peers
Financial Examiners
Budget Analysts
Credit Analysts
Role Intelligence — Day in the Life · Who Thrives · Automation
Day in the Life

A typical day involves preparing detailed audit reports and examining financial statements for accuracy and compliance with accounting standards. They collect and analyze data using software like QuickBooks and SPSS to detect deficient controls, fraud, or regulatory non-compliance. Much time is spent communicating findings to supervisors and management, recommending operational changes based on asset utilization reviews. They inspect account books, cash on hand, and negotiable securities to confirm record accuracy, while interviewing workers to ensure proper transaction recording. Computer work dominates as they process information, document findings, and organize audit priorities for maximum efficiency.

Who Thrives

Success requires exceptional dependability and attention to detail, as evidenced by the highest work style importance scores in O*NET data. Individuals with strong conventional interests (RIASEC score 7.00) who enjoy systematic, rule-following work excel in this role. The combination of high deductive reasoning ability (4.5 level) and problem sensitivity (4.1 level) enables effective fraud detection and compliance evaluation. Those who can balance technical precision with interpersonal communication thrive, as the role demands both detailed financial analysis and clear reporting to management.

Automation Outlook

Moderate automation risk exists for routine tasks like data entry and basic calculations, but core activities remain secure. The emphasis on evaluating compliance, detecting fraud, and communicating complex findings to management requires human judgment that current AI cannot replicate. Professional skepticism and the ability to identify unusual patterns in financial data represent distinctly human capabilities that protect this role from full automation.

Market Intelligence — BLS OEWS May 2025
The occupation employs 1,449,500 workers with a median annual wage of $83,680 (BLS OEWS May 2025), ranging from $56,020 to $144,090 for the 10th-90th percentiles. Geographic wage variation is significant, with District of Columbia paying highest at $111,530 versus Puerto Rico's $43,530 (2.56x ratio). Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services sector employs the most workers (474,030), followed by Finance and Insurance (119,450). Strong demand continues as organizations require compliance expertise and financial transparency. Remote work capabilities expanded post-pandemic, broadening geographic opportunities.
$56,020
10th
$67,020
25th
$83,680
Median
$109,810
75th
$144,090
90th
Highest Paying State
District of Columbia
$111,530 median
Geographic Dispersion
2.562x
highest / lowest median
Professional, Scientific, and Technical Servi 474,030 emp $84,490
Finance and Insurance 119,450 emp $93,290
Federal, State, and Local Government, excludi 118,180 emp $83,760
Management of Companies and Enterprises 105,120 emp $91,940
Manufacturing 90,380 emp $87,790
Source: BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics May 2025 ↗ · Public Domain · US Government
Skills + Knowledge — O*NET 30.3 Scored Dimensions
§ Essential Skills (importance 1-5)
Reading Comprehension 3.9
Active Listening 3.8
Speaking 3.8
Critical Thinking 3.8
Writing 3.5
Monitoring 3.4
Mathematics 3.2
Active Learning 3.1
Learning Strategies 2.8
Science 1.2
§ Knowledge Domains (importance 1-5)
Economics and Accounting 4.7
English Language 4.0
Mathematics 3.9
Administration and Management 3.5
Customer and Personal Service 3.5
Law and Government 3.3
Administrative 3.1
Computers and Electronics 3.0
Personnel and Human Resources 2.6
Education and Training 2.5
Source: O*NET 30.3 Database ↗ · CC BY 4.0
RIASEC Interest Profile + Personality Fit — O*NET 30.3
R
Realistic
1.14
I
Investigative
3.57
TOP FIT
A
Artistic
1.08
S
Social
2.13
E
Enterprising
3.87
TOP FIT
C
Conventional
7.00
TOP FIT
§ Who Thrives
Success requires exceptional dependability and attention to detail, as evidenced by the highest work style importance scores in O*NET data. Individuals with strong conventional interests (RIASEC score 7.00) who enjoy systematic, rule-following work excel in this role. The combination of high deductive reasoning ability (4.5 level) and problem sensitivity (4.1 level) enables effective fraud detection and compliance evaluation. Those who can balance technical precision with interpersonal communication thrive, as the role demands both detailed financial analysis and clear reporting to management.
Source: O*NET 30.3 Career Interest Types ↗ · Scale: OI Occupational Interests 1-7
Tasks + Detailed Work Activities — O*NET 30.3
Prepare detailed reports on audit findings.
Core
Prepare financial documents, reports, or
Report to management about asset utilization and audit results, and recommend changes in operations and financial activities.
Core
Report information to managers or other Advise others on business or operationalAdvise others on financial matters.
Collect and analyze data to detect deficient controls, duplicated effort, extravagance, fraud, or non-compliance with laws, regulations, and management policies.
Core
Collect evidence for legal proceedings.Investigate legal issues.
Inspect account books and accounting systems for efficiency, effectiveness, and use of accepted accounting procedures to record transactions.
Core
Examine financial records.
Supervise auditing of establishments, and determine scope of investigation required.
Core
Oversee business processes.
Confer with company officials about financial and regulatory matters.
Core
Discuss business strategies, practices,
Examine and evaluate financial and information systems, recommending controls to ensure system reliability and data integrity.
Core
Examine financial records or processes.Advise others on financial matters.
Inspect cash on hand, notes receivable and payable, negotiable securities, and canceled checks to confirm records are accurate.
Core
Verify accuracy of records.
Examine records and interview workers to ensure recording of transactions and compliance with laws and regulations.
Core
Examine financial records or processes.
Prepare, examine, or analyze accounting records, financial statements, or other financial reports to assess accuracy, completeness, and conformance to reporting and procedural standards.
Core
Examine financial records.Examine financial records or processes.Analyze business or financial data.
Source: O*NET 30.3 Task Statements + DWA Mappings ↗ · Incumbent-reported · CC BY 4.0
◈ Software Tools — O*NET 30.3 · Hot Technology + In Demand Flagged
1099 ProsSoftware
Tax preparation software
Abacus Tax
Tax preparation software
Accountants Templates JAZZ-It!
Enterprise resource planning ERP softwar
Accounting compliance software
Compliance software
Accounting fraud detection software
Financial analysis software
Accounts payable software
Accounting software
Accounts receivable software
Accounting software
ACCUCert
Compliance software
Accurate NXG
Accounting software
ACL Audit Exchange
Analytical or scientific software
ACL Business Assurance Analytics
Financial analysis software
AcornSystems Corporate Performance Management
Enterprise resource planning ERP softwar
AcorynSystems Activity Based Costing/Management ABC/M
Accounting software
AdaptaSoft CyberPay
Accounting software
Adobe Acrobat
Document management software
HOT
ADP Super Report Writer
Data base reporting software
ADP Workforce Now
Human resources software
Advanced Micro Systems 1099-Etc
Tax preparation software
Source: O*NET 30.3 Software Skills ↗ · CC BY 4.0
Career Pathway — Entry · Trajectory · Education
1
Entry
2
Some Prep
3
Medium
4
Considerable
5
Extensive
A considerable amount of work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is needed for these occupations. For example, an accountant must complete four years of college and work for several years in acco
Entry typically requires a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance, or related business field, reflecting the Job Zone 4 considerable preparation requirement. Many positions prefer candidates with CPA certification or progress toward certification. Entry-level roles often begin as staff accountants or junior auditors in public accounting firms, corporate finance departments, or government agencies. Strong performance in mathematics (3.8 level required) and economics/accounting knowledge (5.8 level) from academic preparation is essential.
Career progression moves from staff accountant to senior accountant, then to supervisory roles like audit manager or controller positions. The supervisory work activity in task data indicates natural advancement to team leadership roles. Many transition to specialized areas like forensic accounting, tax consulting, or financial management positions. Senior professionals often become partners in accounting firms, chief financial officers, or independent consultants, leveraging their expertise in financial systems and regulatory compliance.
Source: O*NET 30.3 Education + Job Zones ↗ · CC BY 4.0
Live Job Feed — Active Postings
Live Accountants and Auditors job postings populate here as the crawler feeds data. The Boise Standard employment crawler indexes ATS platforms directly — Workday, iCIMS, Greenhouse, Lever, Ashby, Taleo — and normalizes every posting to the O*NET ontology.

Postings appear within hours of going live on the source ATS. No aggregator lag. Direct from source.
Browse Business Finance Feed → Submit Open Position →
◈ SEMANTIC MANIFOLD — MULTI-SOURCE WORD FREQUENCY FINGERPRINT
Top 40 terms across five provenance layers: O*NET Tasks · O*NET Dimensions · DWAs · Wikipedia · Inference · Stop words removed · Deterministic · Constitutional Law III
financial others tendency equipment accounting records accountants principles management examine activities accountant body compliance includes control objects standards ideas chartered
§ Full Frequency Ranking — 40 terms
TERM COUNT FREQ BAR SOURCE ATTRIBUTION
financial 48 0.0164
dwas 50% onet tasks 21%
others 42 0.0144
onet dimensi 90% dwas 10%
tendency 42 0.0144
onet dimensi 100%
equipment 23 0.0079
onet dimensi 100%
accounting 22 0.0075
inference 36% onet tasks 27%
records 19 0.0065
dwas 58% onet tasks 32%
accountants 17 0.0058
wikipedia 88% inference 12%
principles 16 0.0055
onet dimensi 100%
management 15 0.0051
onet dimensi 47% onet tasks 27%
examine 15 0.0051
dwas 60% onet tasks 33%
activities 14 0.0048
onet dimensi 64% onet tasks 21%
accountant 14 0.0048
wikipedia 79% inference 21%
body 13 0.0045
onet dimensi 77% wikipedia 23%
compliance 12 0.0041
inference 58% onet tasks 33%
includes 12 0.0041
onet dimensi 100%
control 12 0.0041
onet dimensi 100%
objects 12 0.0041
onet dimensi 100%
standards 11 0.0038
onet dimensi 73% inference 18%
ideas 11 0.0038
onet dimensi 100%
chartered 11 0.0038
wikipedia 100%
procedures 10 0.0034
onet dimensi 80% onet tasks 20%
human 10 0.0034
onet dimensi 70% inference 20%
resources 10 0.0034
onet dimensi 90% dwas 10%
techniques 10 0.0034
onet dimensi 100%
materials 10 0.0034
onet dimensi 100%
hand 9 0.0031
onet dimensi 78% onet tasks 11%
business 9 0.0031
dwas 67% onet tasks 11%
personnel 9 0.0031
onet dimensi 44% dwas 33%
problems 9 0.0031
onet dimensi 100%
quickly 9 0.0031
onet dimensi 100%
BOISE STANDARD — FINE-TUNING RECORD · Accountants and Auditors
13-2011.00 · 8 QA pairs · jsonl · O*NET 30.3 + BLS OEWS
What is the current employment level and median annual wage for Accountants and Auditors?
According to BLS OEWS May 2025, there are 1,449,500 Accountants and Auditors employed nationally with a median annual wage of $83,680.
factual BLS OEWS May 2025
What is the wage range for the 10th and 90th percentiles in this occupation?
According to BLS OEWS May 2025, the 10th percentile earns $56,020 annually while the 90th percentile earns $144,090, indicating substantial wage growth potential.
factual BLS OEWS May 2025
Which geographic location offers the highest compensation for Accountants and Auditors?
According to BLS OEWS May 2025, the District of Columbia has the highest median wage at $111,530, significantly above the national median of $83,680.
market_intel BLS OEWS May 2025
Which industries employ the most Accountants and Auditors?
According to the BLS data, the top industries are Finance and Insurance, Professional/Scientific/Technical Services, and Federal/State/Local Government sectors.
market_intel BLS OEWS May 2025
What key personality traits should someone develop to succeed as an Accountant or Auditor?
Success requires exceptional dependability (5.0 importance) and meticulous attention to detail (4.0 importance) per O*NET work style analysis, along with high integrity, reflecting the critical trust demanded in financial roles.
career_advice O*NET Work Style Importance Scores
What educational preparation is typically required to enter this field?
Entry typically requires a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance, or related business field, representing Job Zone 4 considerable preparation as noted in occupational data.
career_advice O*NET Job Zone Classification
How does the median wage for Accountants and Auditors compare to Tax Preparers, a related occupation?
Accountants and Auditors ($83,680 median per BLS OEWS May 2025) typically earn more than Tax Preparers, reflecting broader responsibilities in financial analysis and compliance evaluation.
comparative BLS OEWS May 2025O*NET Related Occupations
What advancement path exists from entry-level accounting roles to senior financial positions?
Career progression typically flows from Bookkeeping Clerks to Accountants/Auditors, then to Financial Managers or Treasurers/Controllers per O*NET occupational edge analysis.
comparative O*NET Related Occupations Network
◈ Boise Standard Employment Graph · 13-2011.00 · minted 2026-06-02T16:18:30Z · Sources: O*NET 30.3 (CC BY 4.0) · BLS OEWS May 2025 (Public Domain) · BS: https://boisestandard.org/employment/13-2011-accountants_and_auditors
Boise Standard — Employment Intelligence
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Boise Standard · The Standard of Information · boisestandard.org ↗
Provenance Window — Full Source Record · 13-2011.00 · Accountants and Auditors 7 source blocks · click to expand
O*NET Identity onetonline.org ↗ · O*NET 30.3 · CC BY 4.0 · retrieved 2026-06-02
[('onet_soc_code', '13-2011.00'), ('soc_code', '13-2011'), ('title', 'Accountants and Auditors'), ('vertical', 'business_finance'), ('job_zone', '4'), ('job_zone_name', 'Job Zone Four: Considerable Preparation Needed'), ('job_zone_exp', 'A considerable amount of work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is needed for these occupations. For example, an a'), ('description', 'Examine, analyze, and interpret accounting records to prepare financial statements, give advice, or audit and evaluate statements prepared by others. Install or advise on systems of recording costs or other financial and budgetary data.'), ('bundle_version', '1'), ('built_at', '2026-06-02T16:18:30Z')]
O*NET Task Statements (29 tasks, 0 emerging) O*NET 30.3 Task Statements · Incumbent-reported · CC BY 4.0
[Core] Prepare detailed reports on audit findings.
  DWAs: Prepare financial documents, reports, or budgets.

[Core] Report to management about asset utilization and audit results, and recommend changes in operations and financial activities.
  DWAs: Report information to managers or other personnel. | Advise others on business or operational matters. | Advise others on financial matters.

[Core] Collect and analyze data to detect deficient controls, duplicated effort, extravagance, fraud, or non-compliance with laws, regulations, and management policies.
  DWAs: Collect evidence for legal proceedings. | Investigate legal issues.

[Core] Inspect account books and accounting systems for efficiency, effectiveness, and use of accepted accounting procedures to record transactions.
  DWAs: Examine financial records.

[Core] Supervise auditing of establishments, and determine scope of investigation required.
  DWAs: Oversee business processes.

[Core] Confer with company officials about financial and regulatory matters.
  DWAs: Discuss business strategies, practices, or policies with managers.

[Core] Examine and evaluate financial and information systems, recommending controls to ensure system reliability and data integrity.
  DWAs: Examine financial records or processes. | Advise others on financial matters.

[Core] Inspect cash on hand, notes receivable and payable, negotiable securities, and canceled checks to confirm records are accurate.
  DWAs: Verify accuracy of records.

[Core] Examine records and interview workers to ensure recording of transactions and compliance with laws and regulations.
  DWAs: Examine financial records or processes.

[Core] Prepare, examine, or analyze accounting records, financial statements, or other financial reports to assess accuracy, completeness, and conformance to reporting and procedural standards.
  DWAs: Examine financial records. | Examine financial records or processes. | Analyze business or financial data.

[Core] Prepare adjusting journal entries.
  DWAs: Analyze financial information. | Prepare financial documents.

[Core] Review accounts for discrepancies and reconcile differences.
  DWAs: Conduct financial or regulatory audits. | Examine financial records.

[Core] Establish tables of accounts and assign entries to proper accounts.
  DWAs: Prepare financial documents.

[Core] Examine inventory to verify journal and ledger entries.
  DWAs: Verify accuracy of records.

[Core] Analyze business operations, trends, costs, revenues, financial commitments, and obligations to project future revenues and expenses or to provide advice.
  DWAs: Analyze business or financial data.

[Core] Report to management regarding the finances of establishment.
  DWAs: Report information to managers or other personnel.

[Core] Develop, implement, modify, and document recordkeeping and accounting systems, making use of current computer technology.
  DWAs: Develop business or financial information systems.

[Core] Evaluate taxpayer finances to determine tax liability, using knowledge of interest and discount rates, annuities, valuation of stocks and bonds, and amortization valuation of depletable assets.
  DWAs: Assess financial status of clients.

[Core] Examine whether the organization's objectives are reflected in its management activities, and whether employees understand the objectives.
  DWAs: Evaluate effectiveness of personnel policies or practices.

[Core] Audit payroll and personnel records to determine unemployment insurance premiums, workers' compensation coverage, liabilities, and compliance with tax laws.
  DWAs: Examine financial records.

[Supplemental] Review taxpayer accounts, and conduct audits on-site, by correspondence, or by summoning taxpayer to office.
  DWAs: Verify accuracy of financial information.

[Supplemental] Compute taxes owed and prepare tax returns, ensuring compliance with payment, reporting, or other tax requirements.
  DWAs: Calculate tax information. | Prepare financial documents, reports, or budgets.

[Supplemental] Advise clients in areas such as compensation, employee health care benefits, the design of accounting or data processing systems, or long-range tax or estate plans.
  DWAs: Advise others on human resources topics.

[Supplemental] Direct activities of personnel engaged in filing, recording, compiling, and transmitting financial records.
  DWAs: Coordinate regulatory documentation activities.

[Supplemental] Conduct pre-implementation audits to determine if systems and programs under development will work as planned.
  DWAs: Examine financial records or processes.

[None] Develop, maintain, or analyze budgets, preparing periodic reports that compare budgeted costs to actual costs.
  DWAs: Analyze budgetary or accounting data. | Prepare operational budgets.

[None] Prepare, analyze, or verify annual reports, financial statements, and other records, using accepted accounting and statistical procedures to assess financial condition and facilitate financial planning.
  DWAs: Verify accuracy of financial information. | Prepare financial documents, reports, or budgets.

[None] Process invoices for payment.
  DWAs: Pay charges, fees, or taxes.

[None] Review data about material assets, net worth, liabilities, capital stock, surplus, income, or expenditures.
  DWAs: Examine financial records.
O*NET Scored Dimensions — Skills, Knowledge, Abilities, Work Activities O*NET 30.3 · CC BY 4.0 · domain_source: Incumbent/Analyst/Machine Learning
--- SKILLS ---
  Reading Comprehension (imp:3.88 lvl:4.25) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Active Listening (imp:3.75 lvl:3.88) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Speaking (imp:3.75 lvl:3.88) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Critical Thinking (imp:3.75 lvl:4.12) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Writing (imp:3.50 lvl:3.62) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Monitoring (imp:3.38 lvl:3.88) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Mathematics (imp:3.25 lvl:3.75) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Active Learning (imp:3.12 lvl:3.50) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Learning Strategies (imp:2.75 lvl:3.00) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Science (imp:1.25 lvl:0.38) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Economics and Accounting (imp:4.65 lvl:5.84) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  English Language (imp:3.96 lvl:4.24) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Mathematics (imp:3.92 lvl:4.92) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Administration and Management (imp:3.53 lvl:4.08) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:3.51 lvl:4.42) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Law and Government (imp:3.33 lvl:3.59) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Administrative (imp:3.07 lvl:4.51) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Computers and Electronics (imp:3.04 lvl:3.98) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:2.62 lvl:3.00) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Education and Training (imp:2.52 lvl:3.43) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Communications and Media (imp:2.39 lvl:2.39) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Sales and Marketing (imp:1.98 lvl:2.13) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Telecommunications (imp:1.86 lvl:0.90) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Psychology (imp:1.77 lvl:1.71) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Production and Processing (imp:1.64 lvl:1.14) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Transportation (imp:1.54 lvl:0.91) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Public Safety and Security (imp:1.33 lvl:0.64) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Geography (imp:1.28) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Design (imp:1.25) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:1.25) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Engineering and Technology (imp:1.19) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  History and Archeology (imp:1.19) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.17) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Mechanical (imp:1.16) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Building and Construction (imp:1.15 lvl:0.30) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Foreign Language (imp:1.15) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.13) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Chemistry (imp:1.08) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Food Production (imp:1.07 lvl:0.21) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:1.05) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Fine Arts (imp:1.05) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
  Physics (imp:1.04) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Biology (imp:1.00 lvl:0.03) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd

--- ABILITIES ---
  Oral Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.12) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Written Comprehension (imp:3.88 lvl:4.25) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Oral Expression (imp:3.88 lvl:4.25) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Written Expression (imp:3.75 lvl:4.12) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:3.75 lvl:4.12) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:3.75 lvl:4.50) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:3.75 lvl:4.38) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Near Vision (imp:3.75 lvl:4.12) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Information Ordering (imp:3.62 lvl:3.88) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:3.38 lvl:3.75) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.38 lvl:3.50) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.38 lvl:3.38) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.25 lvl:3.38) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Number Facility (imp:3.25 lvl:3.75) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.00 lvl:3.38) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Perceptual Speed (imp:3.00 lvl:2.75) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:2.88 lvl:3.12) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Selective Attention (imp:2.88 lvl:2.62) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Originality (imp:2.75 lvl:3.00) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Memorization (imp:2.38 lvl:2.38) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Time Sharing (imp:2.38 lvl:2.25) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Far Vision (imp:2.25 lvl:2.25) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Visualization (imp:2.12 lvl:1.88) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.12 lvl:1.88) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Trunk Strength (imp:2.00 lvl:1.38) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:1.88 lvl:1.38) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:1.88 lvl:1.62) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:1.75 lvl:1.50) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Dynamic Strength (imp:1.62 lvl:0.62) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Depth Perception (imp:1.50 lvl:0.62) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Spatial Orientation (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Manual Dexterity (imp:1.12 lvl:0.25) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Finger Dexterity (imp:1.12 lvl:0.25) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Sound Localization (imp:1.12 lvl:0.25) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:1.00) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Control Precision (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:1.00) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Response Orientation (imp:1.00) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Rate Control (imp:1.00) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Reaction Time (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Static Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Stamina (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Extent Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:1.00) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:1.00) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Night Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Getting Information (imp:4.46 lvl:4.95) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Working with Computers (imp:4.45 lvl:4.37) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:4.42 lvl:5.08) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:4.36 lvl:5.04) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:4.27 lvl:4.52) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Processing Information (imp:4.19 lvl:5.30) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:4.17 lvl:5.02) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:4.17 lvl:5.31) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:4.14 lvl:5.04) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:4.13 lvl:5.21) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:4.06 lvl:4.97) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:3.80 lvl:4.21) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:3.74 lvl:4.21) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:3.74 lvl:4.42) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:3.72 lvl:4.17) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:3.68 lvl:4.29) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:3.63 lvl:4.24) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:3.62 lvl:4.28) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:3.60 lvl:3.98) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:3.49 lvl:4.21) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:3.44 lvl:4.12) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:3.37 lvl:3.96) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Thinking Creatively (imp:3.33 lvl:4.01) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:3.31 lvl:3.87) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:3.31 lvl:4.01) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:3.20 lvl:4.13) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:3.19 lvl:3.98) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.04 lvl:3.51) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:2.95 lvl:3.31) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:2.91 lvl:3.16) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:2.75 lvl:3.01) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:2.44 lvl:2.49) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:2.42 lvl:2.56) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:2.14 lvl:2.09) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:1.61 lvl:1.53) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:1.56 lvl:0.99) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:1.56 lvl:0.96) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:1.33) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:1.28) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:1.23 lvl:0.49) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:1.16) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Dependability (imp:5.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Attention to Detail (imp:4.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Attention to Detail (imp:3.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Integrity (imp:3.00) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Integrity (imp:2.93) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Dependability (imp:2.65) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Cautiousness (imp:2.54) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:2.01) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Cautiousness (imp:2.00) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Achievement Orientation (imp:1.83) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Perseverance (imp:1.77) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Self-Confidence (imp:1.44) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Stress Tolerance (imp:1.38) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control (imp:1.37) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Sincerity (imp:1.28) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:1.00) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Initiative (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Leadership Orientation (imp:0.83) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Cooperation (imp:0.73) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Adaptability (imp:0.62) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Innovation (imp:0.51) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Social Orientation (imp:0.50) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Humility (imp:0.47) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Empathy (imp:0.25) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Achievement Orientation () — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Optimism (imp:-0.06) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:-0.15) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:3.50 lvl:3.62) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:3.38 lvl:3.50) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Coordination (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:3.12 lvl:3.38) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Service Orientation (imp:3.12 lvl:3.38) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Time Management (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Persuasion (imp:3.00 lvl:3.25) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Negotiation (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Systems Analysis (imp:2.88 lvl:3.12) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Systems Evaluation (imp:2.88 lvl:3.25) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Instructing (imp:2.75 lvl:3.00) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:2.75 lvl:3.00) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:2.25 lvl:2.50) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Programming (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:1.88) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Management of Material Resources (imp:1.88 lvl:1.50) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Technology Design (imp:1.75 lvl:0.88) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Operations Monitoring (imp:1.75 lvl:1.38) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Operations Analysis (imp:1.62 lvl:0.88) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Operation and Control (imp:1.38 lvl:0.50) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Equipment Selection (imp:1.25 lvl:0.50) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Installation (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.00) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Troubleshooting (imp:1.00) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Repairing (imp:1.00) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
BLS OEWS May 2025 — 1,449,500 employed nationally bls.gov/oes ↗ · Public Domain · US Government · retrieved 2026-06-02
--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 1,449,500
  annual_median    : $83,680
  annual_pct10     : $56,020
  annual_pct25     : $67,020
  annual_pct75     : $109,810
  annual_pct90     : $144,090
  annual_mean      : $94,750
  hourly_median    : $40.23

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : District of Columbia ($111,530)
  lowest_state     : Puerto Rico ($43,530)
  dispersion_ratio : 2.562x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (54 total) ---
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:  474,030  median: $  84,490
  Finance and Insurance                    emp:  119,450  median: $  93,290
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:  118,180  median: $  83,760
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:  105,120  median: $  91,940
  Manufacturing                            emp:   90,380  median: $  87,790
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:   70,720  median: $  81,130
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:   68,780  median: $  82,320
  Construction                             emp:   66,920  median: $  82,940
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:   62,940  median: $  78,850
  Educational Services                     emp:   51,800  median: $  78,300

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (20 total) ---
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:  474,030  median: $  84,490
  Finance and Insurance                    emp:  119,450  median: $  93,290
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:  118,180  median: $  83,760
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:  105,120  median: $  91,940
  Manufacturing                            emp:   90,380  median: $  87,790
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:   70,720  median: $  81,130
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:   68,780  median: $  82,320
  Construction                             emp:   66,920  median: $  82,940
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:   62,940  median: $  78,850
  Educational Services                     emp:   51,800  median: $  78,300
Wikipedia — no exact match (0 words) N/A ↗ · CC BY-SA 4.0
exact_match_status : no_exact_match
matched_title      : N/A
match_score        : 0.0000
wikidata_qid       : N/A
word_count         : 0
wikipedia_url      : N/A
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T20:15:35.166316Z

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (similarity: 0.3143)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Chartered_Certified_Accountants
  QID: Q743857
  Extract: The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) is the global professional accounting body offering the Chartered Certified Accountant qualification (CCA). Founded in 1904 as the London Association of Accountants, it is one of six chartered accountancy bodies in the UK and Ireland, with ov

  Title: South African Institute of Chartered Accountants (similarity: 0.3056)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Institute_of_Chartered_Accountants
  QID: Q7565707
  Extract: The South African Institute of Chartered Accountants (SAICA), South Africa’s pre-eminent body for accountants. The institute provides a wide range of support services to more than 48,000 members and associates who are chartered accountants (CAs(SA)), as well as associate general accountants (AGAs(SA

  Title: Accountant (similarity: 0.5882)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accountant
  QID: Q326653
  Extract: An accountant is a practitioner of accounting or accountancy.
Accountants who have demonstrated competency through their professional associations' certification exams are certified to use titles such as Chartered Accountant, Chartered Certified Accountant or Certified Public Accountant, or Register

  Title: Chartered accountant (similarity: 0.4545)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chartered_accountant
  QID: Q1108818
  Extract: Chartered accountants were the first accountants to form a professional accounting body, initially established in Scotland in 1854. The Edinburgh Society of Accountants (1854), the Glasgow Institute of Accountants and Actuaries (1854) and the Aberdeen Society of Accountants (1867) were each granted 

  Title: The Accountant 2 (similarity: 0.5500)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Accountant_2
  QID: Q124848369
  Extract: The Accountant 2 is a 2025 American action thriller film directed by Gavin O'Connor and written by Bill Dubuque. It is the sequel to The Accountant (2016). Ben Affleck, Jon Bernthal, Cynthia Addai-Robinson and J. K. Simmons reprise their roles from the previous film, with Daniella Pineda joining the
Claude Inference — claude-sonnet-4-20250514 · confidence:high · $0.0456 inferred_at: 2026-06-03T13:30:13 UTC · Boise Standard inference pipeline v1.0
model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong confidence based on comprehensive O*NET data, robust BLS wage statistics, and clear professional pathways. The occupation has well-established educational requirements, certification processes, and career trajectories.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T13:30:13.747858+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,431
tokens_output        : 4,184
cost_usd             : $0.045554
wikipedia_used       : False
wikipedia_title      : None
wikipedia_note       : While no exact Wikipedia match exists for the combined occupation, the 'Accountant' entry (0.588 similarity) provides relevant context for professional accounting practice. The semantic neighbors highlight various professional accounting bodies and certifications relevant to career development.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Accountants and Auditors examine, analyze, and interpret financial records to prepare statements, provide advice, and evaluate compliance with standards. They install and advise on cost recording systems while detecting fraud, inefficiencies, and regulatory violations. These professionals serve as financial gatekeepers, ensuring accuracy and integrity in organizational financial reporting.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
A typical day involves preparing detailed audit reports and examining financial statements for accuracy and compliance with accounting standards. They collect and analyze data using software like QuickBooks and SPSS to detect deficient controls, fraud, or regulatory non-compliance. Much time is spent communicating findings to supervisors and management, recommending operational changes based on asset utilization reviews. They inspect account books, cash on hand, and negotiable securities to confirm record accuracy, while interviewing workers to ensure proper transaction recording. Computer work dominates as they process information, document findings, and organize audit priorities for maximum efficiency.

WHO THRIVES:
Success requires exceptional dependability and attention to detail, as evidenced by the highest work style importance scores in O*NET data. Individuals with strong conventional interests (RIASEC score 7.00) who enjoy systematic, rule-following work excel in this role. The combination of high deductive reasoning ability (4.5 level) and problem sensitivity (4.1 level) enables effective fraud detection and compliance evaluation. Those who can balance technical precision with interpersonal communication thrive, as the role demands both detailed financial analysis and clear reporting to management.

CAREER ENTRY:
Entry typically requires a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance, or related business field, reflecting the Job Zone 4 considerable preparation requirement. Many positions prefer candidates with CPA certification or progress toward certification. Entry-level roles often begin as staff accountants or junior auditors in public accounting firms, corporate finance departments, or government agencies. Strong performance in mathematics (3.8 level required) and economics/accounting knowledge (5.8 level) from academic preparation is essential.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Career progression moves from staff accountant to senior accountant, then to supervisory roles like audit manager or controller positions. The supervisory work activity in task data indicates natural advancement to team leadership roles. Many transition to specialized areas like forensic accounting, tax consulting, or financial management positions. Senior professionals often become partners in accounting firms, chief financial officers, or independent consultants, leveraging their expertise in financial systems and regulatory compliance.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
The occupation employs 1,449,500 workers with a median annual wage of $83,680 (BLS OEWS May 2025), ranging from $56,020 to $144,090 for the 10th-90th percentiles. Geographic wage variation is significant, with District of Columbia paying highest at $111,530 versus Puerto Rico's $43,530 (2.56x ratio). Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services sector employs the most workers (474,030), followed by Finance and Insurance (119,450). Strong demand continues as organizations require compliance expertise and financial transparency. Remote work capabilities expanded post-pandemic, broadening geographic opportunities.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
Moderate automation risk exists for routine tasks like data entry and basic calculations, but core activities remain secure. The emphasis on evaluating compliance, detecting fraud, and communicating complex findings to management requires human judgment that current AI cannot replicate. Professional skepticism and the ability to identify unusual patterns in financial data represent distinctly human capabilities that protect this role from full automation.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [career_pathway] Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks (43-3031.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Natural entry point sharing core accounting knowledge (Economics and Accounting) but requiring less analytical complexity.
    data: shared Economics and Accounting knowledge domain
    data: Primary-Short O*NET relationship
    data: Job Zone progression from 3 to 4
  [task_similarity] Financial Examiners (13-2061.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles emphasize evaluating compliance with standards and examining financial records for regulatory adherence.
    data: shared 'Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance' work activity
    data: similar regulatory focus
    data: Primary-Short O*NET relationship
  [career_pathway] Treasurers and Controllers (11-3031.01) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Natural progression utilizing financial analysis skills and management coordination abilities developed in accounting roles.
    data: shared Administration and Management knowledge
    data: supervisory elements in task data
    data: Primary-Short O*NET relationship
  [skill_overlap] Budget Analysts (13-2031.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both require strong analytical skills, financial data processing, and ability to prepare detailed financial reports.
    data: shared Mathematics knowledge (3.9 importance)
    data: similar 'Processing Information' work activity
    data: overlapping financial analysis capabilities
  [knowledge_overlap] Financial and Investment Analysts (13-2051.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Significant overlap in Economics and Accounting knowledge and similar analytical reasoning requirements.
    data: shared Economics and Accounting core knowledge
    data: similar deductive reasoning requirements
    data: Primary-Long O*NET relationship
  [wage_band] Tax Preparers (13-2082.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Related accounting specialization sharing similar educational requirements and conventional work orientation.
    data: Primary-Short O*NET relationship
    data: shared conventional RIASEC profile
    data: overlapping regulatory knowledge requirements

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['accountant', 'auditor', 'accounting', 'audit', 'financial statements', 'cpa', 'certified public accountant', 'bookkeeping']
  exclude_keywords : ['clerk', 'assistant', 'junior', 'intern', 'trainee']
  title_patterns   : ['*accountant*', '*auditor*', '*accounting*', '*audit*', '*cpa*']
  common_variations: ['staff accountant', 'senior accountant', 'public accountant', 'internal auditor', 'external auditor', 'forensic accountant', 'tax accountant', 'cost accountant']
Semantic Manifold — 40 terms · 5 provenance layers employment_word_extractor.py · sources: onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference · Constitutional Law III
total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['financial', 'others', 'tendency', 'equipment', 'accounting', 'records', 'accountants', 'principles', 'management', 'examine', 'activities', 'accountant', 'body', 'compliance', 'includes', 'control', 'objects', 'standards', 'ideas', 'chartered']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
financial                  48  0.01645  dwas                 dwas:50%  onet_tasks:21%  inference:21%
others                     42  0.01439  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:90%  dwas:10%
tendency                   42  0.01439  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
equipment                  23  0.00788  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
accounting                 22  0.00754  inference            inference:36%  onet_tasks:27%  wikipedia:18%
records                    19  0.00651  dwas                 dwas:58%  onet_tasks:32%  onet_dimensions:5%
accountants                17  0.00583  wikipedia            wikipedia:88%  inference:12%
principles                 16  0.00548  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
management                 15  0.00514  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:47%  onet_tasks:27%  inference:27%
examine                    15  0.00514  dwas                 dwas:60%  onet_tasks:33%  inference:7%
activities                 14  0.00480  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:64%  onet_tasks:21%  dwas:7%
accountant                 14  0.00480  wikipedia            wikipedia:79%  inference:21%
body                       13  0.00445  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:77%  wikipedia:23%
compliance                 12  0.00411  inference            inference:58%  onet_tasks:33%  onet_dimensions:8%
includes                   12  0.00411  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
control                    12  0.00411  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
objects                    12  0.00411  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
standards                  11  0.00377  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:73%  inference:18%  onet_tasks:9%
ideas                      11  0.00377  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
chartered                  11  0.00377  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
procedures                 10  0.00343  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:80%  onet_tasks:20%
human                      10  0.00343  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:70%  inference:20%  dwas:10%
resources                  10  0.00343  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:90%  dwas:10%
techniques                 10  0.00343  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
materials                  10  0.00343  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
hand                        9  0.00308  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:78%  onet_tasks:11%  inference:11%
business                    9  0.00308  dwas                 dwas:67%  onet_tasks:11%  onet_dimensions:11%
personnel                   9  0.00308  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:44%  dwas:33%  onet_tasks:22%
problems                    9  0.00308  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
quickly                     9  0.00308  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
orientation                 9  0.00308  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
reports                     8  0.00274  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:50%  dwas:38%  inference:12%
operations                  8  0.00274  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:75%  onet_tasks:25%
accuracy                    8  0.00274  dwas                 dwas:50%  inference:38%  onet_tasks:12%
understand                  8  0.00274  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:88%  onet_tasks:12%
needs                       8  0.00274  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
monitoring                  8  0.00274  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
performance                 8  0.00274  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:88%  inference:12%
problem                     8  0.00274  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:88%  inference:12%
rules                       8  0.00274  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
◈ Boise Standard Employment Graph · 13-2011.00 · built 2026-06-02 · Sources declared above are authoritative originals. This page synthesizes but does not replace them. Every claim traceable. Full provenance. Constitutional Law I.
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