[Core] [21% incumbents] Compute taxes owed or overpaid, using adding machines or personal computers, and complete entries on forms, following tax form instructions and tax tables.
  DWAs: Calculate tax information.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Use all appropriate adjustments, deductions, and credits to keep clients' taxes to a minimum.
  DWAs: Calculate tax information.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Furnish taxpayers with sufficient information and advice to ensure correct tax form completion.
  DWAs: Advise others on financial matters.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Interview clients to obtain additional information on taxable income and deductible expenses and allowances.
  DWAs: Interview clients to gather financial information.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Check data input or verify totals on forms prepared by others to detect errors in arithmetic, data entry, or procedures.
  DWAs: Verify accuracy of records.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Calculate form preparation fees according to return complexity and processing time required.
  DWAs: Calculate tax information.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Schedule appointments with clients.
  DWAs: Schedule appointments.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Prepare or assist in preparing simple to complex tax returns for individuals or small businesses.
  DWAs: Calculate tax information.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Review financial records, such as income statements and documentation of expenditures to determine forms needed to prepare tax returns.
  DWAs: Examine financial records.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Explain federal and state tax laws to individuals and companies.
  DWAs: Explain regulations, policies, or procedures.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Answer questions and provide future tax planning to clients.
  DWAs: Develop financial plans for clients. | Correspond with customers to answer questions or resolve complaints.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Consult tax law handbooks or bulletins to determine procedures for preparation of atypical returns.
  DWAs: Update professional knowledge.

--- SKILLS ---
  Reading Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Active Listening (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Critical Thinking (imp:3.50 lvl:3.62) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Speaking (imp:3.12 lvl:3.50) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Active Learning (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Writing (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Mathematics (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Monitoring (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Learning Strategies (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Science (imp:1.00) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Economics and Accounting (imp:3.90 lvl:4.43) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  English Language (imp:3.76 lvl:4.24) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:3.70 lvl:4.62) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Mathematics (imp:3.58 lvl:4.40) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Law and Government (imp:3.57 lvl:4.10) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Computers and Electronics (imp:3.48 lvl:4.67) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Administrative (imp:3.24 lvl:4.76) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Education and Training (imp:2.62 lvl:3.38) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Telecommunications (imp:2.55 lvl:2.35) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Communications and Media (imp:2.52 lvl:2.86) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Administration and Management (imp:2.48 lvl:3.10) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:2.14 lvl:2.38) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Psychology (imp:2.05 lvl:1.95) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Public Safety and Security (imp:1.90 lvl:1.75) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Sales and Marketing (imp:1.86 lvl:2.00) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Production and Processing (imp:1.57 lvl:1.38) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Foreign Language (imp:1.48 lvl:1.14) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Engineering and Technology (imp:1.45 lvl:0.80) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.43 lvl:1.00) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:1.38 lvl:0.86) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Geography (imp:1.33 lvl:0.52) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Transportation (imp:1.19 lvl:0.43) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:1.15 lvl:0.30) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  History and Archeology (imp:1.15 lvl:0.45) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Design (imp:1.10 lvl:0.33) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Mechanical (imp:1.10 lvl:0.19) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.10 lvl:0.33) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Food Production (imp:1.05 lvl:0.14) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
  Building and Construction (imp:1.05 lvl:0.05) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Physics (imp:1.05 lvl:0.10) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Chemistry (imp:1.00) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Biology (imp:1.00) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Fine Arts (imp:1.00) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform

--- ABILITIES ---
  Oral Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Written Comprehension (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Oral Expression (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Near Vision (imp:3.88 lvl:3.88) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:3.75 lvl:3.88) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:3.25 lvl:3.00) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Information Ordering (imp:3.25 lvl:3.12) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Number Facility (imp:3.25 lvl:3.62) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Written Expression (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Perceptual Speed (imp:3.00 lvl:2.50) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Selective Attention (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Originality (imp:2.62 lvl:3.00) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.25 lvl:2.25) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Memorization (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Visualization (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Time Sharing (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:2.00 lvl:1.12) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Far Vision (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:1.88 lvl:1.12) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Finger Dexterity (imp:1.75 lvl:1.25) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:1.62 lvl:0.75) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Auditory Attention (imp:1.62 lvl:0.75) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Manual Dexterity (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Trunk Strength (imp:1.38 lvl:0.62) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Control Precision (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Spatial Orientation (imp:1.00) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:1.00) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Response Orientation (imp:1.00) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Rate Control (imp:1.00) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Reaction Time (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Static Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Dynamic Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Stamina (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Extent Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:1.00) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:1.00) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Night Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Depth Perception (imp:1.00) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Sound Localization (imp:1.00) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Working with Computers (imp:4.67 lvl:3.90) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Getting Information (imp:4.57 lvl:5.52) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:4.48 lvl:5.67) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Processing Information (imp:4.24 lvl:5.29) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:4.24 lvl:4.48) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:3.95 lvl:4.95) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:3.89 lvl:4.81) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:3.86 lvl:4.43) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:3.86 lvl:5.29) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:3.81 lvl:4.24) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:3.76 lvl:5.05) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:3.62 lvl:4.29) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:3.48 lvl:4.43) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:3.48 lvl:3.95) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:3.43 lvl:3.95) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:3.38 lvl:4.19) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:3.33 lvl:4.19) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:3.24 lvl:3.86) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:3.14 lvl:3.48) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:3.05 lvl:3.81) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:2.90 lvl:3.38) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:2.79 lvl:3.19) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:2.70 lvl:2.86) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Thinking Creatively (imp:2.70 lvl:3.35) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:2.62 lvl:3.19) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:2.62 lvl:2.67) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:2.57 lvl:3.29) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:2.55 lvl:2.81) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:2.52 lvl:3.00) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:2.33 lvl:2.43) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:2.29 lvl:2.76) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:2.19 lvl:2.29) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:2.14 lvl:2.19) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:2.00 lvl:2.29) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:1.81 lvl:1.24) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:1.75 lvl:1.30) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:1.62 lvl:1.38) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:1.43 lvl:0.81) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:1.29 lvl:0.62) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:1.00) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:1.00) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Dependability (imp:4.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Attention to Detail (imp:3.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Attention to Detail (imp:3.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Dependability (imp:2.65) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Cautiousness (imp:2.24) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Integrity (imp:2.21) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Integrity (imp:2.00) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Achievement Orientation (imp:1.60) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Cooperation (imp:1.41) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Self-Control (imp:1.40) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Social Orientation (imp:1.33) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Stress Tolerance (imp:1.27) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Confidence (imp:1.26) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance (imp:1.20) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:1.11) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Sincerity (imp:1.05) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Cautiousness (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Adaptability (imp:0.89) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Initiative (imp:0.85) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Empathy (imp:0.77) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Humility (imp:0.72) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:0.64) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Optimism (imp:0.40) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Leadership Orientation (imp:0.12) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Innovation (imp:0.02) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Achievement Orientation () — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Intellectual Curiosity () — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Time Management (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Service Orientation (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Coordination (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Instructing (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Persuasion (imp:2.62 lvl:2.62) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Negotiation (imp:2.50 lvl:2.50) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Systems Analysis (imp:2.38 lvl:2.75) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Systems Evaluation (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Operations Analysis (imp:1.75 lvl:1.00) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:1.75 lvl:0.75) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:1.62 lvl:0.75) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Programming (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Management of Material Resources (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Technology Design (imp:1.38 lvl:0.50) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Operations Monitoring (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Equipment Selection (imp:1.00) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Operation and Control (imp:1.00) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.00) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Troubleshooting (imp:1.00) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Repairing (imp:1.00) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 76,480
  annual_median    : $54,920
  annual_pct10     : $33,760
  annual_pct25     : $38,910
  annual_pct75     : $76,300
  annual_pct90     : $99,270
  annual_mean      : $60,930
  hourly_median    : $26.40

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : New York ($71,850)
  lowest_state     : Alabama ($33,280)
  dispersion_ratio : 2.159x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (49 total) ---
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:   74,040  median: $  54,200
  Information                              emp:    1,270  median: $  58,920
  Finance and Insurance                    emp:      550  median: $  74,660
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:      300  median: $       0
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:       50  median: $  47,430
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:       40  median: $  82,520

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (6 total) ---
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:   74,040  median: $  54,200
  Information                              emp:    1,270  median: $  58,920
  Finance and Insurance                    emp:      550  median: $  74,660
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:      300  median: $       0
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:       50  median: $  47,430
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:       40  median: $  82,520

exact_match_status : no_exact_match
matched_title      : N/A
match_score        : 0.0000
wikidata_qid       : N/A
word_count         : 0
wikipedia_url      : N/A
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T20:18:23.245088Z

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Tax preparation in the United States (similarity: 0.4898)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_preparation_in_the_United_States
  QID: Q7689457
  Extract: 
Tax preparation is the process of preparing tax returns, particularly income tax returns, on behalf of a taxpayer, typically for compensation. Taxpayers may complete their own returns, either manually or with the assistance of tax preparation software and online services. Alternatively, tax prepara

  Title: Preparer Tax Identification Number (similarity: 0.3404)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preparer_Tax_Identification_Number
  QID: Q7240645
  Extract: 

The Preparer Tax Identification Number (PTIN) is an identification number that all paid tax return preparers must use on U.S. federal tax returns or claims for refund submitted to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). Anyone who, for compensation, prepares all or substantially all of any federal tax

  Title: IRS Return Preparer Initiative (similarity: 0.4651)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRS_Return_Preparer_Initiative
  QID: Q5973600
  Extract: 

The IRS Return Preparer Initiative was an effort by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to regulate the tax return preparation industry in the United States. The purpose of the initiative is to improve taxpayer compliance and service by setting professional standards for and providing support to th

  Title: Electronic tax filing (similarity: 0.2353)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_tax_filing
  QID: Q5358438
  Extract: Electronic tax filing, or e-filing, is a system for submitting tax documents to a revenue service electronically, often without the need to submit any paper documents.

  Title: Tax advisor (similarity: 0.4167)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_advisor
  QID: Q688576
  Extract: A tax advisor or tax consultant is a person with advanced training and knowledge of tax law. The services of a tax advisor are usually retained in order to minimize taxation while remaining compliant with the law in complicated financial situations. Tax advisors are also retained to represent client

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong O*NET data coverage with detailed task descriptions, comprehensive skill/knowledge profiles, and robust wage data from BLS OEWS May 2025. Related occupation connections are well-established through shared competencies and career pathways.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T13:42:28.863602+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,500
tokens_output        : 4,316
cost_usd             : $0.047189
wikipedia_used       : False
wikipedia_title      : None
wikipedia_note       : No exact Wikipedia match found, though 'Tax preparation in the United States' provides relevant context about the tax preparation process and regulatory environment. The occupation involves specialized knowledge of IRS procedures and PTIN requirements referenced in related Wikipedia articles.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Tax Preparers are financial professionals who prepare tax returns for individuals and small businesses, ensuring compliance with federal and state tax laws while maximizing deductions and credits. They combine accounting knowledge with customer service skills to guide clients through complex tax regulations and filing requirements. These specialists use tax preparation software and maintain detailed records while providing advisory services on tax-related matters.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
Tax preparers begin their day by reviewing client appointments and preparing necessary forms and documentation. They interview clients to gather information about taxable income, deductions, and allowances, carefully documenting all financial details. Using specialized software like Intuit TurboTax or professional tax preparation systems, they compute taxes owed or refunds due, applying all appropriate adjustments and credits. They verify calculations for accuracy, check data input, and review financial records such as income statements and expense documentation. Throughout the day, they explain tax laws and procedures to clients, answer questions about deductions and credits, and ensure all forms are completed correctly before submission.

WHO THRIVES:
Successful tax preparers exhibit strong conventional traits, preferring structured, detail-oriented work with clear procedures and regulations. They possess excellent reading comprehension and active listening skills to understand complex tax documentation and client needs. These professionals demonstrate high dependability and attention to detail, as accuracy is critical when handling financial and legal documents. They combine analytical thinking with customer service orientation, able to explain complex tax concepts in understandable terms while maintaining professional relationships with clients during potentially stressful financial discussions.

CAREER ENTRY:
Entry into tax preparation typically requires a high school diploma (38.1% of workers) or post-secondary certificate (23.8%), though many professionals hold bachelor's degrees (23.8%). New preparers often start with basic tax preparation courses and obtain necessary certifications such as the IRS Preparer Tax Identification Number (PTIN). Many begin as seasonal workers during tax season to gain experience before pursuing full-time positions. Training in accounting software, tax law fundamentals, and customer service skills provides essential preparation for this role.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Tax preparers can advance to become Enrolled Agents, CPAs, or specialized tax consultants handling complex corporate returns. Experienced preparers may open their own tax preparation businesses or move into broader accounting roles such as Accountants and Auditors or Personal Financial Advisors. Some transition into related regulatory positions like Tax Examiners and Revenue Agents, while others specialize in areas like estate planning or business consulting.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
Tax Preparers earn a median annual salary of $54,920 according to BLS OEWS May 2025, with employment of 76,480 workers nationally. Wages range from $33,760 at the 10th percentile to $99,270 at the 90th percentile, showing significant earning potential for experienced professionals. Geographic variation is substantial, with New York offering the highest wages at $71,850 compared to Alabama's $33,280, representing a 2.16x ratio difference. The vast majority (74,040) work in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services, with smaller concentrations in Information and Finance sectors. Demand remains steady due to ongoing tax compliance requirements, though seasonal fluctuations are common.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
Tax preparation faces moderate automation pressure as software increasingly handles routine calculations and standard deductions. However, the high importance of activities like Getting Information (5.5 level), Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (5.7 level), and Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance (5.0 level) suggests continued human value in complex cases, client consultation, and interpretation of changing tax laws.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [knowledge_overlap] Tax Examiners and Collectors, and Revenue Agents (13-2081.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles require deep knowledge of tax law and government regulations with similar mathematics and accounting competencies.
    data: Law and Government knowledge 4.1 level
    data: Economics and Accounting knowledge 4.4 level
  [skill_overlap] Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks (43-3031.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles emphasize Working with Computers (4.7 importance) and Processing Information with similar mathematical abilities.
    data: Working with Computers importance 4.7
    data: Mathematics knowledge 4.4 level
    data: Number Facility ability 3.6 level
  [career_pathway] Accountants and Auditors (13-2011.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Tax preparers commonly advance to accounting roles, sharing Economics and Accounting knowledge and similar analytical work activities.
    data: Economics and Accounting knowledge 4.4 level
    data: Analyzing Data or Information activity 4.8 level
  [transferable_skill] Personal Financial Advisors (13-2052.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both roles require Service Orientation (3.0 level) and provide financial guidance to clients with similar customer service demands.
    data: Service Orientation skill 3.0 level
    data: Customer and Personal Service knowledge 4.6 level
  [riasec_cluster] Credit Counselors (13-2071.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both roles exhibit high Conventional orientation and require similar client advisory skills in financial contexts.
    data: Conventional RIASEC score 6.79
    data: Social Perceptiveness skill 2.8 level
  [task_similarity] Budget Analysts (13-2031.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both roles involve analyzing financial data and evaluating information for compliance with standards at similar complexity levels.
    data: Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance importance 4.0
    data: Analyzing Data or Information level 4.8

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['tax preparer', 'income tax preparer', 'tax professional', 'enrolled agent', 'tax advisor', 'tax consultant', 'tax accountant', 'tax associate']
  exclude_keywords : ['tax examiner', 'revenue agent', 'auditor', 'financial advisor', 'bookkeeper']
  title_patterns   : ['*tax preparer*', '*tax advisor*', '*tax consultant*', '*income tax*', '*enrolled agent*']
  common_variations: ['CPA tax preparer', 'certified tax preparer', 'seasonal tax preparer', 'corporate tax preparer', 'credentialed tax expert', 'licensed tax consultant', 'tax return preparer', 'professional tax preparer']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['tax', 'tendency', 'others', 'equipment', 'preparation', 'principles', 'financial', 'procedures', 'clients', 'includes', 'control', 'objects', 'preparers', 'returns', 'ideas', 'services', 'techniques', 'materials', 'activities', 'body']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
tax                        68  0.02504  wikipedia            wikipedia:43%  inference:40%  onet_tasks:12%
tendency                   42  0.01546  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
others                     41  0.01510  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:93%  onet_tasks:2%  dwas:2%
equipment                  23  0.00847  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
preparation                17  0.00626  inference            inference:53%  wikipedia:35%  onet_tasks:12%
principles                 16  0.00589  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
financial                  15  0.00552  inference            inference:40%  dwas:27%  onet_dimensions:20%
procedures                 14  0.00515  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:57%  inference:21%  onet_tasks:14%
clients                    12  0.00442  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:33%  inference:33%  dwas:17%
includes                   12  0.00442  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
control                    12  0.00442  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
objects                    12  0.00442  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
preparers                  12  0.00442  inference            inference:58%  wikipedia:42%
returns                    11  0.00405  wikipedia            wikipedia:55%  onet_tasks:27%  inference:18%
ideas                      11  0.00405  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
services                   10  0.00368  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:60%  wikipedia:20%  inference:20%
techniques                 10  0.00368  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
materials                  10  0.00368  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
activities                 10  0.00368  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:90%  inference:10%
body                       10  0.00368  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
orientation                10  0.00368  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:90%  inference:10%
problems                    9  0.00331  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
needs                       9  0.00331  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  inference:11%
service                     9  0.00331  wikipedia            wikipedia:44%  inference:33%  onet_dimensions:22%
providing                   9  0.00331  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:78%  wikipedia:11%  inference:11%
standards                   9  0.00331  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  wikipedia:11%
resources                   9  0.00331  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
quickly                     9  0.00331  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
machines                    8  0.00295  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:88%  onet_tasks:12%
personal                    8  0.00295  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:75%  onet_tasks:12%  inference:12%
complex                     8  0.00295  inference            inference:62%  onet_dimensions:25%  onet_tasks:12%
needed                      8  0.00295  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:88%  onet_tasks:12%
understand                  8  0.00295  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:88%  inference:12%
monitoring                  8  0.00295  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
rules                       8  0.00295  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
software                    8  0.00295  inference            inference:50%  onet_dimensions:38%  wikipedia:12%
production                  8  0.00295  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
human                       8  0.00295  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:88%  inference:12%
events                      8  0.00295  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
actions                     8  0.00295  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%