[Core] [49% incumbents] Analyze problems to develop solutions involving computer hardware and software.
  DWAs: Analyze data to identify or resolve operational problems.

[Core] [49% incumbents] Apply theoretical expertise and innovation to create or apply new technology, such as adapting principles for applying computers to new uses.
  DWAs: Apply information technology to solve business or other applied problems.

[Core] [49% incumbents] Conduct logical analyses of business, scientific, engineering, and other technical problems, formulating mathematical models of problems for solution by computers.
  DWAs: Analyze data to identify trends or relationships among variables.

[Core] [49% incumbents] Participate in multidisciplinary projects in areas such as virtual reality, human-computer interaction, or robotics.
  DWAs: Collaborate on research activities with scientists or technical specialists.

[Core] [49% incumbents] Consult with users, management, vendors, and technicians to determine computing needs and system requirements.
  DWAs: Collaborate with others to determine design specifications or details.

[Core] [49% incumbents] Develop and interpret organizational goals, policies, and procedures.
  DWAs: Develop organizational goals or objectives.

[Supplemental] [49% incumbents] Approve, prepare, monitor, and adjust operational budgets.
  DWAs: Manage budgets for appropriate resource allocation.

[Core] [48% incumbents] Assign or schedule tasks to meet work priorities and goals.
  DWAs: Assign duties or work schedules to employees.

[Core] [48% incumbents] Meet with managers, vendors, and others to solicit cooperation and resolve problems.
  DWAs: Collaborate with others to resolve information technology issues.

[Core] [48% incumbents] Design computers and the software that runs them.
  DWAs: Design integrated computer systems.

[Core] [48% incumbents] Evaluate project plans and proposals to assess feasibility issues.
  DWAs: Evaluate project designs to determine adequacy or feasibility.

[Core] [48% incumbents] Develop performance standards, and evaluate work in light of established standards.
  DWAs: Develop performance metrics or standards related to information technology.

[Supplemental] [48% incumbents] Maintain network hardware and software, direct network security measures, and monitor networks to ensure availability to system users.
  DWAs: Monitor the performance of computer networks. | Maintain computer hardware.

[Supplemental] [48% incumbents] Direct daily operations of departments, coordinating project activities with other departments.
  DWAs: Manage information technology projects or system activities. | Coordinate project activities with other personnel or departments.

[Supplemental] [48% incumbents] Participate in staffing decisions and direct training of subordinates.
  DWAs: Train others in computer interface or software use. | Participate in staffing decisions.

--- SKILLS ---
  Critical Thinking (imp:4.00 lvl:4.25) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Reading Comprehension (imp:3.75 lvl:4.50) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Active Listening (imp:3.75 lvl:4.12) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Speaking (imp:3.50 lvl:4.12) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Active Learning (imp:3.50 lvl:4.88) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Writing (imp:3.38 lvl:4.12) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Mathematics (imp:3.38 lvl:4.38) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Science (imp:3.12 lvl:3.38) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
  Monitoring (imp:3.12 lvl:4.00) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Learning Strategies (imp:3.00 lvl:3.50) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Computers and Electronics (imp:4.57 lvl:6.11) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Mathematics (imp:4.06 lvl:5.43) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Engineering and Technology (imp:3.95 lvl:4.84) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  English Language (imp:3.89 lvl:4.47) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Administration and Management (imp:3.30 lvl:3.76) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Design (imp:3.27 lvl:4.48) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Telecommunications (imp:3.09 lvl:3.89) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Physics (imp:2.84 lvl:3.53) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Sales and Marketing (imp:2.71 lvl:2.93) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:2.71 lvl:2.84) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Education and Training (imp:2.66 lvl:3.68) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Administrative (imp:2.59 lvl:2.63) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Production and Processing (imp:2.47 lvl:2.47) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:2.46 lvl:2.70) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Public Safety and Security (imp:2.41 lvl:2.73) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Psychology (imp:2.39 lvl:2.36) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Communications and Media (imp:2.28 lvl:2.12) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Economics and Accounting (imp:2.17 lvl:2.13) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Mechanical (imp:2.07 lvl:2.22) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Law and Government (imp:2.01 lvl:2.38) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Biology (imp:1.90 lvl:2.06) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:1.89 lvl:1.91) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Chemistry (imp:1.85 lvl:1.74) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Geography (imp:1.85 lvl:1.94) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Building and Construction (imp:1.56 lvl:1.19) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  History and Archeology (imp:1.43 lvl:1.01) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.41 lvl:1.21) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:1.38) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Fine Arts (imp:1.32 lvl:0.70) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.31 lvl:0.81) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Foreign Language (imp:1.28) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Transportation (imp:1.28) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Food Production (imp:1.05) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food

--- ABILITIES ---
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:4.12 lvl:4.88) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:4.12 lvl:4.62) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Oral Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.75) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Oral Expression (imp:4.00 lvl:4.75) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Written Comprehension (imp:3.88 lvl:4.38) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:3.88 lvl:4.12) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:3.88 lvl:4.25) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Written Expression (imp:3.75 lvl:4.25) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Information Ordering (imp:3.75 lvl:4.25) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.75 lvl:4.38) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Near Vision (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Originality (imp:3.62 lvl:4.38) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:3.38 lvl:4.25) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Number Facility (imp:3.25 lvl:3.75) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Visualization (imp:3.25 lvl:3.62) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.00 lvl:3.25) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Perceptual Speed (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Memorization (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Selective Attention (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Finger Dexterity (imp:2.62 lvl:2.88) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Far Vision (imp:2.62 lvl:2.62) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Time Sharing (imp:2.50 lvl:2.12) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.12 lvl:1.50) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Manual Dexterity (imp:2.00 lvl:1.62) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Control Precision (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.00 lvl:1.38) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:1.88 lvl:1.00) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Trunk Strength (imp:1.88 lvl:1.38) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Depth Perception (imp:1.75 lvl:0.75) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Response Orientation (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Spatial Orientation (imp:1.00) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:1.00) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Rate Control (imp:1.00) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Reaction Time (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Static Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Dynamic Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Stamina (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Extent Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:1.00) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:1.00) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Night Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Sound Localization (imp:1.00) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Working with Computers (imp:4.97 lvl:6.00) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:4.65 lvl:5.85) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Getting Information (imp:4.62 lvl:5.37) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:4.57 lvl:6.17) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:4.56 lvl:6.03) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Thinking Creatively (imp:4.53 lvl:6.11) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:4.37 lvl:5.08) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Processing Information (imp:4.32 lvl:6.29) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:4.31 lvl:5.62) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:4.30 lvl:4.76) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:4.27 lvl:5.24) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:4.22 lvl:4.25) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:4.20 lvl:4.70) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:3.75 lvl:4.65) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:3.71 lvl:4.06) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:3.67 lvl:4.73) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.54 lvl:4.57) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:3.54 lvl:4.41) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:3.38 lvl:3.96) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:3.28 lvl:4.43) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:3.18 lvl:3.58) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:3.05 lvl:3.67) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:2.88 lvl:2.52) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:2.84 lvl:2.94) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:2.83 lvl:3.26) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:2.73 lvl:2.67) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:2.67 lvl:2.70) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:2.65 lvl:2.44) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:2.51 lvl:2.00) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:2.43 lvl:2.00) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:2.32 lvl:2.72) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:2.24) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:2.24 lvl:2.32) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:2.22 lvl:2.19) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:2.18 lvl:2.30) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:2.17 lvl:2.29) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:1.97 lvl:1.85) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:1.81 lvl:1.28) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:1.75 lvl:1.20) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:1.66 lvl:1.63) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:1.66 lvl:1.15) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Dependability (imp:7.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Attention to Detail (imp:6.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:5.00) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Achievement Orientation (imp:4.00) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:3.00) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Perseverance (imp:3.00) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Innovation (imp:2.83) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.50) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Adaptability (imp:2.30) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Achievement Orientation (imp:2.24) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Dependability (imp:2.14) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Perseverance (imp:2.01) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Initiative (imp:2.00) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability (imp:2.00) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:1.95) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Integrity (imp:1.89) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Self-Confidence (imp:1.63) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Cautiousness (imp:1.44) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Leadership Orientation (imp:1.03) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Self-Control (imp:1.03) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Innovation (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Stress Tolerance (imp:0.97) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Cooperation (imp:0.92) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Sincerity (imp:0.63) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Social Orientation (imp:0.61) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Humility (imp:0.50) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Optimism (imp:0.38) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Empathy (imp:0.30) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Cautiousness () — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Integrity () — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:4.00 lvl:4.38) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:4.00 lvl:4.62) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Systems Analysis (imp:3.75 lvl:4.38) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Programming (imp:3.62 lvl:4.50) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Systems Evaluation (imp:3.62 lvl:4.88) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Time Management (imp:3.38 lvl:3.88) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Operations Analysis (imp:3.12 lvl:3.88) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Technology Design (imp:3.12 lvl:4.12) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Coordination (imp:3.00 lvl:3.75) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Instructing (imp:3.00 lvl:3.38) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:2.88 lvl:3.62) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Persuasion (imp:2.75 lvl:3.50) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Service Orientation (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Operations Monitoring (imp:2.62 lvl:2.75) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Negotiation (imp:2.50 lvl:2.62) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:2.50 lvl:2.88) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Troubleshooting (imp:2.38 lvl:3.00) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:2.38 lvl:2.62) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Management of Material Resources (imp:2.25 lvl:2.62) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Operation and Control (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Equipment Selection (imp:1.88 lvl:1.75) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.12 lvl:0.25) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Repairing (imp:1.12 lvl:0.25) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 37,200
  annual_median    : $140,300
  annual_pct10     : $82,200
  annual_pct25     : $103,570
  annual_pct75     : $188,700
  annual_pct90     : $230,630
  annual_mean      : $153,930
  hourly_median    : $67.45

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : Oregon ($206,220)
  lowest_state     : Michigan ($82,590)
  dispersion_ratio : 2.497x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (35 total) ---
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:   15,420  median: $ 143,520
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:   11,100  median: $ 124,900
  Information                              emp:    3,940  median: $ 214,370
  Educational Services                     emp:    2,820  median: $  85,460
  Manufacturing                            emp:    1,680  median: $ 177,580
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:      810  median: $ 178,640
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:      530  median: $ 163,290
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:      510  median: $ 141,100
  Finance and Insurance                    emp:      160  median: $ 166,880
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:      120  median: $  95,540

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (12 total) ---
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:   15,420  median: $ 143,520
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:   11,100  median: $ 124,900
  Information                              emp:    3,940  median: $ 214,370
  Educational Services                     emp:    2,820  median: $  85,460
  Manufacturing                            emp:    1,680  median: $ 177,580
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:      810  median: $ 178,640
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:      530  median: $ 163,290
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:      510  median: $ 141,100
  Finance and Insurance                    emp:      160  median: $ 166,880
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:      120  median: $  95,540

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Information scientist
match_score        : 0.6462
wikidata_qid       : Q1265807
word_count         : 390
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_scientist
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T20:20:07.598434Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
The term information scientist developed in the latter part of the twentieth century by Wm. Hovey Smith to describe an individual, usually with a relevant subject degree (such as one in Information and Computer Science - CIS) or high level of subject knowledge, providing focused information to scientific and technical research staff in industry. It is a role quite distinct from and complementary to that of a librarian. Developments in end-user searching, together with some convergence between the roles of librarian and information scientist, have led to a diminution in its use in this context, and the term information officer or information professional (information specialist) are also now used.
The term was, and is, also used for an individual carrying out research in information science.
Brian C. Vickery mentions that the Institute of Information Scientists (IIS) was established in London during 1958 and lists the criteria put forward by this institute "Criteria for Information Science" (appendix 1) as well as his own "Areas of study in information science" (appendix 2). The IIS merged with the Library Association in 2002 to form the Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals (CILIP).


== Notable Information Scientists ==
See also Award of Merit - Association for Information Science and Technology

Marcia Bates
David Blair (information technologist)
Samuel C. Bradford
Michael Buckland
John M. Carroll
Blaise Cronin
Emilia Currás
Brenda Dervin
Eugene Garfield
Paul B. Kantor
Frederick Wilfrid Lancaster
Calvin Mooers
Tefko Saracevic
Linda C. Smith
Robert Saxton Taylor
Brian Campbell Vickery
Thomas D. Wilson


== Additional reading ==
Ellis, David and Merete Haugan. (1997) "Modelling the information seeking patterns of engineers and research scientists in an industrial environment" (Journal of Documentation, Volume 53(4): pp. 384–403)
Poole, Alex H. (2024). "'There's a big difference between going through life with the wind at your back, and going through life leaning into the wind': Feminism in Post-World War II Information Science". Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 61: 300–313. doi:10.1002/pra2.1029.
Vickery, Brian Campbell (1988) "Essays presented to B. C. Vickery"  (Journal of Documentation, Volume 44, pp. 199–283).
Vickery, B. & Vickery, A.  (1987) Information Science in theory and practice (London: Bowker-Saur, pp. 361–369)


== See also ==
Computer scientist
Documentalist
Information history
Information science
Library and information scientist
Library scholar


== References ==


== External links ==
"Pioneers" of Information Science scrapbook: https://web.archive.org/web/20140201230801/http://faculty.libsci.sc.edu/bob/ISP/scrapbook.htm

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Computer scientist (similarity: 0.5806)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_scientist
  QID: Q82594
  Extract: A computer scientist is a scientist who specializes in the academic study of computer science and technology.

  Title: List of computer scientists (similarity: 0.5352)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_computer_scientists
  QID: Q2476620
  Extract: This is a list of computer scientists, people who do work in computer science, in particular researchers and authors.

  Title: Volker Markl (similarity: 0.2500)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volker_Markl
  QID: Q50413465
  Extract: Volker Markl is a German computer scientist and database systems researcher.

  Title: Computer science (similarity: 0.4667)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_science
  QID: Q21198
  Extract: Computer science is the study of computation, information, and automation. Included broadly in the sciences, computer science spans theoretical disciplines to applied disciplines. An expert in the field is known as a computer scientist.

  Title: Theoretical computer science (similarity: 0.3889)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoretical_computer_science
  QID: Q2878974
  Extract: Theoretical computer science is a subfield of computer science and mathematics that focuses on the abstract and mathematical foundations of computation.

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong confidence supported by comprehensive O*NET data including detailed tasks, skills, and work activities. Clear differentiation from adjacent technical roles through emphasis on research and theoretical work.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T13:48:42.750857+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,435
tokens_output        : 3,885
cost_usd             : $0.042635
wikipedia_used       : True
wikipedia_title      : Information scientist
wikipedia_note       : The Wikipedia match for 'Information scientist' provides relevant context about professionals providing focused information to research staff, though it represents a narrower interpretation than the broader O*NET occupation. The semantic neighbor 'Computer scientist' offers additional relevant context for the theoretical and research aspects of this role.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Computer and Information Research Scientists conduct fundamental research in computing and information theory, developing innovative solutions to complex technical problems. They work as theorists, designers, and inventors to advance computer hardware and software capabilities. With high-level expertise in mathematics and computer science, they bridge theoretical research with practical applications across industries.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
These scientists spend significant time analyzing complex problems involving computer hardware and software systems, often formulating mathematical models to understand technical challenges. They collaborate on multidisciplinary projects in cutting-edge areas like virtual reality, robotics, and human-computer interaction. Daily work includes conducting logical analyses of business and engineering problems, consulting with stakeholders to determine system requirements, and applying theoretical expertise to create new technologies. They frequently work with computers at an advanced level, updating their knowledge base, and documenting research findings for publication or implementation.

WHO THRIVES:
Individuals who excel in this role possess exceptional deductive and inductive reasoning abilities, with strong intellectual curiosity driving their research pursuits. They demonstrate high attention to detail and dependability, essential for conducting rigorous scientific research. Success requires excellent oral and written communication skills to collaborate effectively and present complex findings to diverse audiences. The role attracts those with strong investigative interests who enjoy theoretical work, combined with conventional thinking patterns that support systematic research methodologies.

CAREER ENTRY:
Entry typically requires a doctoral degree (28.4% of practitioners) or master's degree (19.9%), with some positions available for those with bachelor's degrees (36.2%) plus significant experience. Strong foundational knowledge in mathematics, computer science, and engineering is essential. Candidates often begin with research assistant positions in academic institutions or entry-level research roles in government laboratories and private industry.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Career progression often leads to senior research scientist positions, research management roles, or specialized consulting opportunities. Many advance to lead multidisciplinary research teams or transition into academic positions as professors. Some pursue executive roles in technology companies or government agencies, leveraging their deep technical expertise to guide strategic initiatives and innovation programs.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
The field employs 37,200 professionals with a median annual salary of $140,300 (BLS OEWS May 2025), ranging from $82,200 to $230,630. Geographic variation is substantial, with Oregon offering the highest compensation at $206,220 compared to Michigan's $82,590. Employment concentrates in professional and technical services (15,420 positions), government sectors (11,100), and information industries (3,940). The extensive preparation required (Job Zone 5) reflects the specialized nature of this high-skill occupation.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
This role has strong resistance to automation due to its emphasis on creative thinking, complex problem-solving, and theoretical research. The core activities of developing new technologies, conducting fundamental research, and applying innovative approaches to novel problems require human creativity and judgment that current AI cannot replicate.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [skill_overlap] Data Scientists (15-2051.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles share critical thinking (4.0+ importance), mathematics knowledge (4.1+ importance), and complex problem solving skills with similar proficiency levels.
    data: Critical Thinking imp:4.0
    data: Mathematics knowledge imp:4.1
    data: Complex Problem Solving imp:4.0
  [knowledge_overlap] Software Developers (15-1252.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Strong overlap in computers and electronics knowledge (4.6+ importance) and programming transferable skills, though research scientists focus more on theoretical foundations.
    data: Computers and Electronics imp:4.6
    data: Programming transferable skill imp:3.6
    data: Working with Computers imp:5.0
  [riasec_cluster] Mathematicians (15-2021.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both occupations share dominant investigative interests (I:7.00) and require advanced mathematical reasoning abilities with similar theoretical orientations.
    data: RIASEC I:7.00
    data: Mathematics knowledge imp:4.1
    data: Deductive Reasoning imp:4.1
  [task_similarity] Operations Research Analysts (15-2031.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Similar analytical approaches to business and technical problems, with shared emphasis on mathematical modeling and systems analysis capabilities.
    data: Systems Analysis transferable skill imp:3.8
    data: Analyzing Data or Information imp:4.6
    data: Mathematical modeling tasks
  [career_pathway] Computer Systems Analysts (15-1211.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Natural progression path where research scientists may transition to applied systems analysis roles, sharing systems evaluation and analysis skills.
    data: Systems Evaluation transferable skill imp:3.6
    data: Systems Analysis imp:3.8
    data: Consulting with users and stakeholders

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['computer research scientist', 'information research scientist', 'computational scientist', 'computer scientist', 'research scientist computing', 'AI research scientist', 'computational theory scientist', 'computer vision scientist']
  exclude_keywords : ['software developer', 'programmer', 'data analyst', 'systems administrator', 'IT support']
  title_patterns   : ['*research scientist*', '*computational*scientist*', '*computer*scientist*', '*AI*scientist*', '*information*scientist*']
  common_variations: ['Computer Research Scientist', 'Information Research Scientist', 'Computational Scientist', 'Computer Scientist', 'AI Research Scientist', 'Research Scientist - Computing', 'Computational Theory Scientist', 'Computer Vision Scientist']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['others', 'tendency', 'computer', 'equipment', 'research', 'science', 'problems', 'principles', 'activities', 'technology', 'includes', 'control', 'objects', 'standards', 'ideas', 'scientist', 'technical', 'human', 'performance', 'techniques']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
others                     42  0.01528  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:90%  dwas:7%  onet_tasks:2%
tendency                   42  0.01528  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
computer                   28  0.01019  wikipedia            wikipedia:43%  inference:25%  dwas:14%
equipment                  23  0.00837  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
research                   21  0.00764  inference            inference:76%  wikipedia:14%  onet_dimensions:5%
science                    20  0.00728  wikipedia            wikipedia:80%  onet_dimensions:10%  inference:10%
problems                   19  0.00691  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:47%  onet_tasks:21%  inference:21%
principles                 17  0.00619  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:94%  onet_tasks:6%
activities                 14  0.00509  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:64%  dwas:21%  onet_tasks:7%
technology                 13  0.00473  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:31%  dwas:31%  wikipedia:23%
includes                   13  0.00473  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:92%  inference:8%
control                    12  0.00437  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
objects                    12  0.00437  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
standards                  11  0.00400  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:73%  onet_tasks:18%  dwas:9%
ideas                      11  0.00400  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
scientist                  11  0.00400  wikipedia            wikipedia:73%  inference:27%
technical                  10  0.00364  inference            inference:40%  onet_dimensions:30%  onet_tasks:10%
human                      10  0.00364  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:70%  inference:20%  onet_tasks:10%
performance                10  0.00364  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:70%  dwas:20%  onet_tasks:10%
techniques                 10  0.00364  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
materials                  10  0.00364  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
body                       10  0.00364  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
developing                 10  0.00364  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:80%  inference:20%
software                    9  0.00328  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:33%  onet_dimensions:33%  inference:22%
management                  9  0.00328  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:78%  onet_tasks:11%  inference:11%
needs                       9  0.00328  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  onet_tasks:11%
goals                       9  0.00328  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  onet_tasks:22%  dwas:11%
procedures                  9  0.00328  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  onet_tasks:11%
design                      9  0.00328  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  dwas:22%  onet_tasks:11%
resources                   9  0.00328  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
providing                   9  0.00328  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:78%  wikipedia:11%  inference:11%
quickly                     9  0.00328  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
orientation                 9  0.00328  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
theoretical                 8  0.00291  inference            inference:62%  wikipedia:25%  onet_tasks:12%
computers                   8  0.00291  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:50%  onet_tasks:38%  inference:12%
understand                  8  0.00291  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:88%  inference:12%
problem                     8  0.00291  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:88%  inference:12%
rules                       8  0.00291  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
monitoring                  8  0.00291  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
production                  8  0.00291  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%