[Core] [21% incumbents] Consult with users, administrators, and engineers to identify business and technical requirements for proposed system modifications or technology purchases.
  DWAs: Collaborate with others to determine design specifications or details.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Implement system renovation projects in collaboration with technical staff, engineering consultants, installers, and vendors.
  DWAs: Coordinate project activities with other personnel or departments.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Keep abreast of changes in industry practices and emerging telecommunications technology by reviewing current literature, talking with colleagues, participating in educational programs, attending meetings or workshops, or participating in professional organizations or conferences.
  DWAs: Update knowledge about emerging industry or technology trends.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Review and evaluate requests from engineers, managers, and technicians for system modifications.
  DWAs: Evaluate new technologies or methods.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Assess existing facilities' needs for new or modified telecommunications systems.
  DWAs: Analyze project data to determine specifications or requirements.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Develop, maintain, or implement telecommunications disaster recovery plans to ensure business continuity.
  DWAs: Maintain contingency plans for disaster recovery.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Communicate with telecommunications vendors to obtain pricing and technical specifications for available hardware, software, or services.
  DWAs: Conduct research to gain information about products or processes.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Inspect sites to determine physical configuration, such as device locations and conduit pathways.
  DWAs: Identify information technology project resource requirements.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Document procedures for hardware and software installation and use.
  DWAs: Document operational procedures.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Install, or coordinate installation of, new or modified hardware, software, or programming modules of telecommunications systems.
  DWAs: Install computer software. | Install computer hardware. | Coordinate software or hardware installation.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Instruct in use of voice, video, and data communications systems.
  DWAs: Teach others to use computer equipment or hardware.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Implement or perform preventive maintenance, backup, or recovery procedures.
  DWAs: Implement security measures for computer or information systems. | Create electronic data backup to prevent loss of information.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Prepare purchase requisitions for computer hardware and software, networking and telecommunications equipment, test equipment, cabling, or tools.
  DWAs: Maintain the inventory of equipment.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Provide user support by diagnosing network and device problems and implementing technical or procedural solutions.
  DWAs: Troubleshoot issues with computer applications or systems. | Provide technical support for computer network issues.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Document user support activity, such as system problems, corrective actions, resolution status, and completed equipment installations.
  DWAs: Document operational activities.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Estimate costs for system or component implementation and operation.
  DWAs: Estimate time or monetary resources needed to complete projects.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Order or maintain inventory of telecommunications equipment for customer premises equipment (CPE), facilities, access networks, or backbone networks.
  DWAs: Maintain the inventory of equipment.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Work with personnel and facilities management staff to install, remove, or relocate user connectivity equipment and devices.
  DWAs: Install computer hardware. | Coordinate project activities with other personnel or departments.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Use computer-aided design (CAD) software to prepare or evaluate network diagrams, floor plans, or site configurations for existing facilities, renovations, or new systems.
  DWAs: Develop models of information or communications systems.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Prepare system activity and performance reports.
  DWAs: Document network-related activities or tasks.

[Supplemental] [21% incumbents] Implement controls to provide security for operating systems, software, and data.
  DWAs: Implement security measures for computer or information systems.

[Supplemental] [21% incumbents] Manage user access to systems and equipment through account management and password administration.
  DWAs: Implement security measures for computer or information systems.

[Supplemental] [21% incumbents] Test and evaluate hardware and software to determine efficiency, reliability, or compatibility with existing systems.
  DWAs: Test computer hardware performance. | Evaluate project designs to determine adequacy or feasibility.

[Supplemental] [21% incumbents] Monitor and analyze system performance, such as network traffic, security, and capacity.
  DWAs: Monitor the performance of computer networks. | Analyze security of systems, network, or data.

[Supplemental] [21% incumbents] Supervise maintenance of telecommunications equipment.
  DWAs: Maintain computer hardware.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Document technical specifications and operating standards for telecommunications equipment.
  DWAs: Document technical specifications or requirements.

--- SKILLS ---
  Reading Comprehension (imp:3.62 lvl:3.88) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Active Listening (imp:3.62 lvl:3.88) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Critical Thinking (imp:3.62 lvl:3.75) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Active Learning (imp:3.38 lvl:3.75) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Writing (imp:3.25 lvl:3.75) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Speaking (imp:3.25 lvl:3.62) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Monitoring (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Mathematics (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Learning Strategies (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Science (imp:1.88 lvl:1.38) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Telecommunications (imp:4.90 lvl:5.52) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Computers and Electronics (imp:4.05 lvl:4.67) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Engineering and Technology (imp:4.05 lvl:4.33) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  English Language (imp:3.62 lvl:3.86) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Mathematics (imp:3.60 lvl:4.19) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:3.52 lvl:4.57) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Administration and Management (imp:3.38 lvl:4.14) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Design (imp:3.14 lvl:3.81) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Sales and Marketing (imp:2.90 lvl:3.24) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Public Safety and Security (imp:2.86 lvl:3.00) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Education and Training (imp:2.76 lvl:3.38) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Building and Construction (imp:2.67 lvl:2.90) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Economics and Accounting (imp:2.52 lvl:2.48) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Administrative (imp:2.47 lvl:3.29) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Mechanical (imp:2.47 lvl:3.19) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Law and Government (imp:2.38 lvl:2.52) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Communications and Media (imp:2.38 lvl:2.19) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Production and Processing (imp:2.29 lvl:2.57) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Psychology (imp:2.24 lvl:1.95) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:2.10 lvl:2.05) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Physics (imp:2.00 lvl:2.14) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Geography (imp:1.70 lvl:1.43) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:1.67 lvl:1.14) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  History and Archeology (imp:1.43 lvl:0.81) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Chemistry (imp:1.38 lvl:0.86) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.38 lvl:0.76) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Transportation (imp:1.37 lvl:1.05) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Foreign Language (imp:1.29 lvl:0.57) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Fine Arts (imp:1.29 lvl:0.48) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.29 lvl:0.67) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:1.24 lvl:0.43) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Food Production (imp:1.10 lvl:0.19) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
  Biology (imp:1.10 lvl:0.33) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd

--- ABILITIES ---
  Oral Comprehension (imp:3.75 lvl:4.12) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Oral Expression (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:3.62 lvl:3.88) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Written Comprehension (imp:3.50 lvl:3.88) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Near Vision (imp:3.50 lvl:3.88) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Information Ordering (imp:3.38 lvl:3.75) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Written Expression (imp:3.25 lvl:3.88) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:3.25 lvl:4.00) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:3.25 lvl:3.38) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Originality (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Number Facility (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.12 lvl:3.50) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Perceptual Speed (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Selective Attention (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Far Vision (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Visualization (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Finger Dexterity (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:2.75 lvl:3.00) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:2.62 lvl:2.75) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Time Sharing (imp:2.50 lvl:2.50) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Manual Dexterity (imp:2.50 lvl:2.62) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.50 lvl:2.25) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.25 lvl:2.50) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Memorization (imp:2.12 lvl:2.50) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Control Precision (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Trunk Strength (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Extent Flexibility (imp:2.00 lvl:2.38) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:1.75 lvl:1.38) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Stamina (imp:1.75 lvl:1.50) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Depth Perception (imp:1.75 lvl:1.50) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Spatial Orientation (imp:1.62 lvl:0.75) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Static Strength (imp:1.50 lvl:0.75) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Dynamic Strength (imp:1.50 lvl:0.62) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:1.50 lvl:0.88) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:1.50 lvl:0.88) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:1.38 lvl:0.50) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Sound Localization (imp:1.38 lvl:0.50) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
  Response Orientation (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Reaction Time (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Night Vision (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Rate Control (imp:1.00) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:4.52 lvl:4.95) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Working with Computers (imp:4.48 lvl:4.67) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:4.38 lvl:4.86) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Getting Information (imp:4.33 lvl:4.90) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:4.33 lvl:5.33) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Processing Information (imp:4.20 lvl:4.76) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:4.00 lvl:4.43) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:4.00 lvl:4.33) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:3.95 lvl:5.43) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:3.86 lvl:4.62) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:3.85 lvl:4.20) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:3.76 lvl:4.81) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:3.76 lvl:4.57) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:3.75 lvl:4.40) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:3.71 lvl:4.81) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:3.71 lvl:4.00) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:3.67 lvl:3.57) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Thinking Creatively (imp:3.62 lvl:4.38) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:3.62 lvl:3.76) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.48 lvl:3.85) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:3.40 lvl:4.43) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:3.35 lvl:3.71) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:3.35 lvl:3.95) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:3.29 lvl:3.81) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:3.15 lvl:3.43) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:3.10 lvl:4.10) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:3.10 lvl:3.67) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:3.10 lvl:4.05) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:3.05 lvl:3.19) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:3.05 lvl:3.48) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:2.90 lvl:3.86) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:2.76 lvl:3.10) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:2.76 lvl:3.33) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:2.48 lvl:2.62) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:2.35 lvl:3.19) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:2.24 lvl:2.52) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:2.19 lvl:1.90) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:2.14 lvl:2.05) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:1.90 lvl:2.00) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:1.90 lvl:1.81) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:1.75 lvl:1.86) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Dependability (imp:6.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Attention to Detail (imp:5.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Cautiousness (imp:4.00) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:3.00) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.60) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Dependability (imp:2.59) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:2.24) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Cautiousness (imp:2.03) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Adaptability (imp:2.02) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Innovation (imp:2.00) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Innovation (imp:2.00) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Achievement Orientation (imp:1.98) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Cooperation (imp:1.84) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Perseverance (imp:1.74) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Integrity (imp:1.73) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Self-Confidence (imp:1.57) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Initiative (imp:1.50) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Stress Tolerance (imp:1.43) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Leadership Orientation (imp:1.34) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:1.24) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Self-Control (imp:1.19) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Social Orientation (imp:1.02) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Adaptability (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Sincerity (imp:0.70) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Optimism (imp:0.43) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Humility (imp:0.42) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Empathy (imp:0.37) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Achievement Orientation () — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Integrity () — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:3.12 lvl:3.38) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Operations Monitoring (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Systems Analysis (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Systems Evaluation (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Coordination (imp:3.00 lvl:3.38) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Persuasion (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Service Orientation (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Time Management (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Troubleshooting (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Negotiation (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Instructing (imp:2.75 lvl:3.00) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:2.75 lvl:2.62) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Technology Design (imp:2.62 lvl:2.75) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:2.62 lvl:2.88) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Equipment Selection (imp:2.50 lvl:2.25) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Repairing (imp:2.50 lvl:2.25) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
  Programming (imp:2.38 lvl:2.00) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Management of Material Resources (imp:2.38 lvl:2.38) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Operations Analysis (imp:2.25 lvl:2.25) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Installation (imp:2.12 lvl:1.75) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Operation and Control (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 179,740
  annual_median    : $134,050
  annual_pct10     : $79,900
  annual_pct25     : $104,620
  annual_pct75     : $168,200
  annual_pct90     : $202,680
  annual_mean      : $139,580
  hourly_median    : $64.45

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : Washington ($168,070)
  lowest_state     : Puerto Rico ($78,200)
  dispersion_ratio : 2.149x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (52 total) ---
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:   65,320  median: $ 135,270
  Information                              emp:   31,430  median: $ 132,040
  Finance and Insurance                    emp:   18,840  median: $ 139,230
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:   16,910  median: $ 139,820
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:   10,390  median: $ 129,880
  Manufacturing                            emp:    7,480  median: $ 135,010
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:    7,140  median: $ 151,460
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:    5,450  median: $ 127,660
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:    4,940  median: $ 110,330
  Educational Services                     emp:    4,720  median: $ 109,100

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (19 total) ---
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:   65,320  median: $ 135,270
  Information                              emp:   31,430  median: $ 132,040
  Finance and Insurance                    emp:   18,840  median: $ 139,230
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:   16,910  median: $ 139,820
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:   10,390  median: $ 129,880
  Manufacturing                            emp:    7,480  median: $ 135,010
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:    7,140  median: $ 151,460
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:    5,450  median: $ 127,660
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:    4,940  median: $ 110,330
  Educational Services                     emp:    4,720  median: $ 109,100

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Electronics engineering
match_score        : 0.6462
wikidata_qid       : Q126095
word_count         : 2,657
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronics_engineering
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T20:21:05.985769Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
Electronics engineering is a sub-discipline of electrical engineering that emerged in the early 20th century and is distinguished by the additional use of active components such as semiconductor devices to amplify and control electric current flow. Previously electrical engineering only used passive devices such as mechanical switches, resistors, inductors, and capacitors.
It covers fields such as analog electronics, digital electronics, consumer electronics, embedded systems and power electronics. It is also involved in many related fields, for example solid-state physics, radio engineering, telecommunications, control systems, signal processing, systems engineering, computer engineering, instrumentation engineering, electric power control, photonics and robotics.
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is one of the most important professional bodies for electronics engineers in the US; the equivalent body in the UK is the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) publishes electrical standards including those for electronics engineering.


== History and development ==

Electronics engineering as a profession emerged following Karl Ferdinand Braun´s development of the crystal detector, the first semiconductor device, in 1874 and the identification of the electron in 1897 and the subsequent invention of the vacuum tube which could amplify and rectify small electrical signals, that inaugurated the field of electronics. Practical applications started with the invention of the diode by Ambrose Fleming and the triode by Lee De Forest in the early 1900s, which made the detection of small electrical voltages such as radio signals from a radio antenna possible with a non-mechanical device. The growth of electronics was rapid. By the early 1920s, commercial radio broadcasting and communications were becoming widespread and electronic amplifiers were being used in such diverse applications as long-distance telephony and the music recording industry.
The discipline was further enhanced by the large amount of electronic systems development during World War II in such as radar and sonar, and the subsequent peace-time consumer revolution following the invention of transistor by William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain.


== Specialist areas ==

Electronics engineering has many subfields. This section describes some of the most popular.
Electronic signal processing deals with the analysis and manipulation of signals. Signals can be either analog, in which case the signal varies continuously according to the information, or digital, in which case the signal varies according to a series of discrete values representing the information.
For analog signals, signal processing may involve the amplification and filtering of audio signals for audio equipment and the modulation and demodulation of radio frequency signals for telecommunications. For digital signals, signal processing may involve compression, error checking and error detection, and correction.
Telecommunications engineering deals with the transmission of information across a medium such as a co-axial cable, an optical fiber, or free space. Transmissions across free space require information to be encoded in a carrier wave in order to be transmitted, this is known as modulation. Popular analog modulation techniques include amplitude modulation and frequency modulation.
Once the transmission characteristics of a system are determined, telecommunication engineers design the transmitters and receivers needed for such systems. These two are sometimes combined to form a two-way communication device known as a transceiver. A key consideration in the design of transmitters is their power consumption as this is closely related to their signal strength. If the signal strength of a transmitter is insufficient the signal's information will be corrupted by noise.
Aviation-electronics engineering and Aviation-telecommunications engineering, are concerned with aerospace applications. Aviation-telecommunication engineers include specialists who work on airborne avionics in the aircraft or ground equipment. Specialists in this field mainly need knowledge of computer, networking, IT, and sensors. These courses are offered at such as Civil Aviation Technology Colleges.
Control engineering has a wide range of electronic applications from the flight and propulsion systems of commercial airplanes to the cruise control present in many modern cars. It also plays an important role in industrial automation. Control engineers often use feedback when designing control systems.
Instrumentation engineering deals with the design of devices to measure physical quantities such as pressure, flow, and temperature. The design of such instrumentation requires a good understanding of electronics engineering and physics; for example, radar guns use the Doppler effect to measure the speed of oncoming vehicles. Similarly, thermocouples use the Peltier–Seebeck effect to measure the temperature difference between two points.
Often instrumentation is not used by itself, but instead as the sensors of larger electrical systems. For example, a thermocouple might be used to help ensure a furnace's temperature remains constant. For this reason, instrumentation engineering is often viewed as the counterpart of control engineering.
Computer engineering deals with the design of computers and computer systems. This may involve the design of new computer hardware, the design of PDAs or the use of computers to control an industrial plant. Development of embedded systems—systems made for specific tasks (e.g., mobile phones)—is also included in this field.  This field includes the microcontroller and its applications.
Computer engineers may also work on a system's software. However, the design of complex software systems is often the domain of software engineering which falls under computer science, which is usually considered a separate discipline.
VLSI design engineering VLSI stands for very large-scale integration. It deals with fabrication of ICs and various electronic components. In designing an integrated circuit, electronics engineers first construct circuit schematics that specify the electrical components and describe the interconnections between them. When completed, VLSI engineers convert the schematics into actual layouts, which map the layers of various conductor and semiconductor materials needed to construct the circuit.


== Education and training ==

Electronics is a subfield within the wider electrical engineering academic subject. In electronics engineering ceramics are materials used to create electronic components. Ceramics are used for the creation of connectors, elements for encapsulation, multilayer capacitors, resistors, and sensors. Electronics engineers typically possess an academic degree with a major in electronics engineering. The length of study for such a degree is usually three or four years and the completed degree may be designated as a Bachelor of Engineering, Bachelor of Science, Bachelor of Applied Science, or Bachelor of Technology depending upon the university. During a bachelor’s degree, students usually complete a capstone course at the end of their degree. The capstone project involves designing and completing a real world project using knowledge from previous courses. Many UK universities also offer Master of Engineering (MEng) degrees at the graduate level.
Some electronics engineers also choose to pursue a postgraduate degree such as a Master of Science, Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering, or an Engineering Doctorate. The master's degree is being introduced in some European and American Universities as a first degree and the differentiation of an engineer with graduate and postgraduate studies is often difficult. In these cases, experience is taken into account. The master's degree may consist of either research, coursework or

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

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  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airway_Transportation_Systems_Specialist
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  Title: Institute of Cryptography, Telecommunications and Computer Science (similarity: 0.4074)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Cryptography%2C_Telecommunications_and_Computer_Science
  QID: Q4201556
  Extract: The Institute of Cryptography, Telecommunications and Computer Science or IKSI (ИКСИ) is a research institute within the Academy of the Federal Security Service of Russia, which trains specialists in areas such as the transfer, protection and processing of information. The key specialist training ar

  Title: Technical University of Cluj-Napoca (similarity: 0.3896)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_University_of_Cluj-Napoca
  QID: Q729296
  Extract: Technical University of Cluj-Napoca is a public university located in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. It was founded in 1948, based on the older Industrial College (1920). The Technical University of Cluj-Napoca is classified by the Romanian Agency for Quality Assurance in Higher Education as an Advanced Educ

  Title: List of Institution of Engineering and Technology academic journals (similarity: 0.4771)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Institution_of_Engineering_and_Technology_academic_journals
  QID: Q79624503
  Extract: 
This is a list of journals published by Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET), including those from its predecessors Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE) and Institution of Incorporated Engineers (IIE).

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  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mackenzie_Davis
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model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong O*NET data with detailed task descriptions, comprehensive skill/knowledge profiles, and clear wage/employment statistics. Multiple related occupations provide good context for career pathways and skill transfers.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T13:52:23.343480+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,630
tokens_output        : 4,101
cost_usd             : $0.044268
wikipedia_used       : True
wikipedia_title      : Electronics engineering
wikipedia_note       : The Wikipedia match provides relevant context about electronics engineering fundamentals that underpin telecommunications systems design. However, it focuses more broadly on electronics rather than the specific telecommunications and communications systems specialization of this role.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Telecommunications Engineering Specialists design, configure, and oversee the implementation of wired, wireless, and satellite communications systems that handle voice, video, and data services. These professionals combine deep technical expertise in telecommunications with project management capabilities to ensure reliable connectivity infrastructure. They serve as technical consultants who bridge business requirements with engineering solutions while supervising installation and maintenance activities.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
A typical day involves consulting with users, administrators, and engineers to identify technical requirements for new system implementations or modifications. They review and evaluate system modification requests while assessing existing facilities for telecommunications upgrades. Much of their time is spent working with computers to develop disaster recovery plans, document installation procedures, and communicate with vendors to obtain pricing and specifications. Site inspections to determine physical configurations and device locations are common, along with coordinating installation projects with technical staff and engineering consultants.

WHO THRIVES:
Successful telecommunications engineering specialists possess strong analytical minds with high dependability and attention to detail, as evidenced by their conventional-realistic-investigative RIASEC profile. They excel at systematic problem-solving and demonstrate intellectual curiosity about emerging technologies. These professionals need excellent oral and written communication skills to collaborate effectively with diverse stakeholders from users to vendors. The role demands individuals who can balance technical precision with practical project management while maintaining cautiousness in critical infrastructure decisions.

CAREER ENTRY:
The field shows diverse educational pathways with 23.8% entering through post-secondary certificates in engineering technologies, 19.1% through bachelor's degrees, and 14.3% through some college coursework. Entry typically requires foundational knowledge in telecommunications, computers and electronics, plus mathematics and engineering principles. Most positions demand 2-4 years of preparation through education and training, reflecting the medium skill zone classification.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Career advancement typically leads to senior engineering roles, network architecture positions, or specialized consulting opportunities in emerging technologies like 5G and IoT. Many professionals advance to management positions overseeing telecommunications infrastructure teams or become independent consultants. The strong knowledge base in telecommunications and project coordination creates pathways into related fields like computer network architecture, systems engineering, or technical sales roles with telecommunications vendors.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
The field employs 179,740 professionals nationally with a median annual wage of $134,050, ranging from $79,900 to $202,680 (BLS OEWS May 2025). Geographic wage variation is significant with Washington state leading at $168,070 compared to Puerto Rico at $78,200, reflecting a 2.15x ratio. Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services employs the most specialists (65,320), followed by Information (31,430) and Finance and Insurance (18,840). The telecommunications infrastructure modernization trend and 5G deployment suggests continued demand growth.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
The role shows moderate automation risk as core activities like making decisions and solving problems, along with complex stakeholder communication, remain highly human-dependent. While routine documentation and some analysis tasks may become automated, the consultation, site assessment, and vendor coordination aspects require human judgment and relationship management that are difficult to automate.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [skill_overlap] Computer Network Architects (15-1241.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles share high importance in telecommunications knowledge (4.9 vs 4.7) and working with computers (4.5 importance)
    data: telecommunications knowledge overlap
    data: computer work activities
    data: system design focus
  [career_pathway] Computer Network Support Specialists (15-1231.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Network support specialists often advance to telecommunications engineering roles given shared technical foundations and system knowledge
    data: overlapping technical skills
    data: system troubleshooting experience
    data: infrastructure focus
  [knowledge_overlap] Electronics Engineers, Except Computer (17-2072.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles require strong engineering and technology knowledge (4.0 importance) plus electronics expertise
    data: engineering knowledge base
    data: electronics systems focus
    data: technical design skills
  [task_similarity] Telecommunications Equipment Installers and Repairers (49-2022.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both roles involve installation coordination and hardware/software implementation in telecommunications systems
    data: installation supervision
    data: telecommunications equipment focus
    data: technical troubleshooting
  [riasec_cluster] Network and Computer Systems Administrators (15-1244.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both roles share conventional-realistic-investigative RIASEC patterns emphasizing systematic technical work
    data: conventional work preferences
    data: realistic technical tasks
    data: investigative problem-solving
  [transferable_skill] Computer Systems Analysts (15-1211.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Shared high importance in systems analysis (3.1) and complex problem solving (3.1) create natural skill transfer
    data: systems analysis skills
    data: problem-solving capabilities
    data: technical consultation

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['telecommunications engineer', 'communications engineer', 'network engineer', 'telecom specialist', 'infrastructure engineer', 'communications systems', 'field engineer', 'telecommunications analyst']
  exclude_keywords : ['installer', 'technician', 'repair', 'maintenance only', 'cable installer']
  title_patterns   : ['*Communications*Engineer*', '*Telecom*Engineer*', '*Network*Engineer*', '*Infrastructure*Engineer*', '*Communications*Analyst*']
  common_variations: ['telecom engineer', 'communications specialist', 'network systems engineer', 'telecommunications consultant', 'infrastructure specialist', 'communications analyst', 'multimedia systems integrator', 'outside plant engineer']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['engineering', 'tendency', 'electronics', 'others', 'equipment', 'engineers', 'control', 'computer', 'telecommunications', 'technical', 'design', 'electrical', 'technology', 'software', 'electronic', 'hardware', 'principles', 'management', 'analysis', 'activities']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
engineering                62  0.01411  wikipedia            wikipedia:81%  inference:15%  onet_dimensions:3%
tendency                   42  0.00956  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
electronics                41  0.00933  wikipedia            wikipedia:90%  inference:7%  onet_dimensions:2%
others                     40  0.00910  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:95%  dwas:5%
equipment                  38  0.00865  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:61%  onet_tasks:24%  dwas:8%
engineers                  31  0.00705  wikipedia            wikipedia:90%  onet_tasks:6%  inference:3%
control                    30  0.00683  wikipedia            wikipedia:60%  onet_dimensions:40%
computer                   29  0.00660  dwas                 dwas:41%  wikipedia:38%  onet_dimensions:10%
telecommunications         27  0.00615  inference            inference:41%  onet_tasks:33%  wikipedia:19%
technical                  26  0.00592  wikipedia            wikipedia:35%  inference:27%  onet_tasks:19%
design                     26  0.00592  wikipedia            wikipedia:62%  onet_dimensions:23%  inference:8%
electrical                 26  0.00592  wikipedia            wikipedia:92%  onet_dimensions:8%
technology                 20  0.00455  wikipedia            wikipedia:60%  onet_dimensions:20%  onet_tasks:10%
software                   19  0.00432  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:37%  wikipedia:37%  onet_dimensions:16%
electronic                 18  0.00410  wikipedia            wikipedia:67%  onet_dimensions:28%  dwas:6%
hardware                   17  0.00387  dwas                 dwas:35%  onet_tasks:29%  wikipedia:24%
principles                 17  0.00387  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:94%  inference:6%
management                 16  0.00364  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:44%  inference:25%  wikipedia:19%
analysis                   16  0.00364  wikipedia            wikipedia:69%  onet_dimensions:25%  inference:6%
activities                 16  0.00364  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:56%  dwas:25%  inference:12%
includes                   15  0.00341  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:80%  wikipedia:20%
circuits                   15  0.00341  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
project                    14  0.00319  wikipedia            wikipedia:43%  dwas:36%  inference:21%
network                    13  0.00296  wikipedia            wikipedia:38%  onet_tasks:23%  dwas:23%
signal                     13  0.00296  wikipedia            wikipedia:92%  onet_dimensions:8%
specialists                13  0.00296  wikipedia            wikipedia:77%  inference:23%
procedures                 12  0.00273  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  onet_tasks:17%  dwas:8%
problems                   12  0.00273  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:75%  onet_tasks:17%  inference:8%
techniques                 12  0.00273  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:83%  wikipedia:17%
materials                  12  0.00273  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:83%  wikipedia:17%
objects                    12  0.00273  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
body                       12  0.00273  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:83%  wikipedia:17%
devices                    11  0.00250  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:45%  wikipedia:45%  onet_tasks:9%
performance                11  0.00250  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:64%  onet_tasks:18%  dwas:18%
ideas                      11  0.00250  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
signals                    11  0.00250  wikipedia            wikipedia:91%  onet_dimensions:9%
power                      11  0.00250  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
services                   10  0.00228  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:60%  inference:20%  onet_tasks:10%
maintenance                10  0.00228  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:40%  wikipedia:30%  onet_tasks:20%
standards                  10  0.00228  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:80%  onet_tasks:10%  wikipedia:10%