[Core] [21% incumbents] Manage project execution to ensure adherence to budget, schedule, and scope.
  DWAs: Manage information technology projects or system activities.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Confer with project personnel to identify and resolve problems.
  DWAs: Collaborate with others to resolve information technology issues.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Monitor or track project milestones and deliverables.
  DWAs: Monitor financial information.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Submit project deliverables, ensuring adherence to quality standards.
  DWAs: Inspect products or operations to ensure that standards are met. | Evaluate utility of software or hardware technologies.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Assess current or future customer needs and priorities by communicating directly with customers, conducting surveys, or other methods.
  DWAs: Collect data about customer needs.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Direct or coordinate activities of project personnel.
  DWAs: Supervise information technology personnel. | Manage information technology projects or system activities.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Identify need for initial or supplemental project resources.
  DWAs: Identify information technology project resource requirements.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Develop or update project plans for information technology projects including information such as project objectives, technologies, systems, information specifications, schedules, funding, and staffing.
  DWAs: Develop detailed project plans.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Perform risk assessments to develop response strategies.
  DWAs: Analyze security of systems, network, or data.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Prepare project status reports by collecting, analyzing, and summarizing information and trends.
  DWAs: Analyze data to identify trends or relationships among variables. | Prepare analytical reports.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Identify, review, or select vendors or consultants to meet project needs.
  DWAs: Participate in staffing decisions.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Develop and manage annual budgets for information technology projects.
  DWAs: Manage budgets for appropriate resource allocation.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Establish and execute a project communication plan.
  DWAs: Develop information communication procedures.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Develop and manage work breakdown structure (WBS) of information technology projects.
  DWAs: Develop detailed project plans. | Manage information technology projects or system activities.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Monitor the performance of project team members, providing and documenting performance feedback.
  DWAs: Supervise information technology personnel.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Coordinate recruitment or selection of project personnel.
  DWAs: Participate in staffing decisions.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Assign duties, responsibilities, and spans of authority to project personnel.
  DWAs: Assign duties or work schedules to employees.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Negotiate with project stakeholders or suppliers to obtain resources or materials.
  DWAs: Coordinate resource procurement activities.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Initiate, review, or approve modifications to project plans.
  DWAs: Develop detailed project plans.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Schedule and facilitate meetings related to information technology projects.
  DWAs: Manage information technology projects or system activities.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Develop implementation plans that include analyses such as cost-benefit or return on investment (ROI).
  DWAs: Develop guidelines for system implementation.

--- SKILLS ---
  Critical Thinking (imp:4.12 lvl:4.25) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Reading Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Active Listening (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Writing (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Speaking (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Monitoring (imp:3.62 lvl:4.50) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Active Learning (imp:3.38 lvl:3.88) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Learning Strategies (imp:3.00 lvl:3.25) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Mathematics (imp:2.88 lvl:3.12) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Science (imp:2.12 lvl:1.50) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  English Language (imp:4.29 lvl:4.62) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:4.24 lvl:5.48) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Computers and Electronics (imp:4.19 lvl:5.48) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Administration and Management (imp:4.00 lvl:4.57) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Engineering and Technology (imp:3.58 lvl:4.29) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Economics and Accounting (imp:3.35 lvl:3.57) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Administrative (imp:3.29 lvl:4.14) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Telecommunications (imp:3.19 lvl:3.43) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:3.14 lvl:3.86) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Mathematics (imp:3.14 lvl:3.95) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Communications and Media (imp:3.10 lvl:3.52) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Education and Training (imp:2.95 lvl:4.24) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Design (imp:2.86 lvl:3.48) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Sales and Marketing (imp:2.76 lvl:3.43) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Law and Government (imp:2.75 lvl:2.81) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Production and Processing (imp:2.70 lvl:3.29) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Psychology (imp:2.60 lvl:2.63) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Public Safety and Security (imp:2.60 lvl:2.90) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:2.25 lvl:2.45) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Building and Construction (imp:2.19 lvl:2.38) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Mechanical (imp:2.19 lvl:2.33) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Transportation (imp:2.00 lvl:1.81) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Geography (imp:1.95 lvl:2.25) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Physics (imp:1.81 lvl:1.57) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.81 lvl:1.90) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Chemistry (imp:1.71 lvl:1.19) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.67 lvl:1.43) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Foreign Language (imp:1.62 lvl:1.10) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:1.33 lvl:0.57) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  History and Archeology (imp:1.33 lvl:0.71) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Biology (imp:1.30 lvl:0.60) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Fine Arts (imp:1.24 lvl:0.33) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
  Food Production (imp:1.14 lvl:0.38) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food

--- ABILITIES ---
  Written Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.25) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Oral Expression (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Written Expression (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Oral Comprehension (imp:3.88 lvl:4.12) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Information Ordering (imp:3.88 lvl:3.88) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:3.62 lvl:3.88) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Near Vision (imp:3.62 lvl:3.88) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.62 lvl:3.62) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.62 lvl:3.50) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Originality (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.25 lvl:3.75) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Number Facility (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Visualization (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Selective Attention (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Perceptual Speed (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.62 lvl:2.88) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Memorization (imp:2.50 lvl:2.75) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Far Vision (imp:2.50 lvl:2.88) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Time Sharing (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.12 lvl:1.75) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.12 lvl:1.88) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Depth Perception (imp:1.88 lvl:1.12) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Finger Dexterity (imp:1.75 lvl:1.50) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Trunk Strength (imp:1.50 lvl:0.62) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Sound Localization (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
  Spatial Orientation (imp:1.00) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:1.00) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Manual Dexterity (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Control Precision (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:1.00) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Response Orientation (imp:1.00) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Rate Control (imp:1.00) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Reaction Time (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Static Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Dynamic Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Stamina (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Extent Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:1.00) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:1.00) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Night Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:4.86 lvl:6.14) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:4.70 lvl:5.81) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Getting Information (imp:4.67 lvl:5.00) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:4.62 lvl:6.40) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Working with Computers (imp:4.52 lvl:5.19) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:4.45 lvl:5.95) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:4.43 lvl:5.52) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:4.40 lvl:5.30) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:4.40 lvl:5.62) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:4.40 lvl:5.20) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:4.33 lvl:4.81) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:4.33 lvl:4.81) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:4.33 lvl:5.67) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:4.29 lvl:4.90) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:4.29 lvl:5.43) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:4.24 lvl:5.48) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:4.19 lvl:4.95) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:4.16 lvl:4.95) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Processing Information (imp:4.14 lvl:5.33) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:4.14 lvl:5.19) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:4.10 lvl:5.14) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:4.10 lvl:4.90) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:4.05 lvl:4.67) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:4.00 lvl:5.52) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:3.86 lvl:4.81) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.81 lvl:4.62) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Thinking Creatively (imp:3.75 lvl:5.05) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:3.65 lvl:4.10) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:3.65 lvl:4.48) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:3.48 lvl:4.24) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:3.38 lvl:4.29) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:3.14 lvl:3.19) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:2.71 lvl:2.71) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:2.62 lvl:3.14) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:2.57 lvl:3.00) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:2.05 lvl:2.19) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:2.00 lvl:1.65) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:1.90 lvl:1.70) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:1.76 lvl:1.95) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:1.60 lvl:1.05) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:1.43 lvl:0.90) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Integrity (imp:10.00) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:9.00) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Cooperation (imp:8.00) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Achievement Orientation (imp:7.00) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Stress Tolerance (imp:6.00) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Perseverance (imp:5.00) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Adaptability (imp:4.00) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Leadership Orientation (imp:3.00) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Dependability (imp:2.93) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Leadership Orientation (imp:2.58) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.34) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Adaptability (imp:2.30) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Cooperation (imp:2.26) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Achievement Orientation (imp:2.24) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Perseverance (imp:2.23) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Integrity (imp:2.21) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Self-Confidence (imp:2.16) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Initiative (imp:2.07) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Stress Tolerance (imp:2.06) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:2.01) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Self-Confidence (imp:2.00) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Cautiousness (imp:1.99) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Social Orientation (imp:1.92) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Self-Control (imp:1.80) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:1.74) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Innovation (imp:1.58) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Optimism (imp:1.10) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Initiative (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Empathy (imp:1.00) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Sincerity (imp:0.96) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Humility (imp:0.61) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Cautiousness () — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Attention to Detail () — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Dependability () — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Coordination (imp:4.00 lvl:4.12) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Time Management (imp:4.00 lvl:3.88) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Systems Analysis (imp:3.75 lvl:3.75) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:3.62 lvl:3.75) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Systems Evaluation (imp:3.50 lvl:3.75) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:3.38 lvl:3.88) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Negotiation (imp:3.38 lvl:3.75) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:3.38 lvl:4.00) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Service Orientation (imp:3.25 lvl:3.12) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Persuasion (imp:3.12 lvl:3.62) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Instructing (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:3.12 lvl:3.62) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Management of Material Resources (imp:3.12 lvl:3.62) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:2.50 lvl:1.88) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Operations Analysis (imp:2.38 lvl:2.50) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Programming (imp:2.25 lvl:1.62) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Operations Monitoring (imp:2.25 lvl:1.75) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Technology Design (imp:2.12 lvl:1.88) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Troubleshooting (imp:1.50 lvl:0.62) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Operation and Control (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Equipment Selection (imp:1.00) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.00) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Repairing (imp:1.00) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 435,370
  annual_median    : $116,580
  annual_pct10     : $55,940
  annual_pct25     : $79,370
  annual_pct75     : $157,500
  annual_pct90     : $188,470
  annual_mean      : $122,230
  hourly_median    : $56.05

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : District of Columbia ($156,590)
  lowest_state     : Puerto Rico ($60,470)
  dispersion_ratio : 2.590x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (54 total) ---
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:  123,970  median: $ 121,310
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:   97,870  median: $ 124,530
  Information                              emp:   48,470  median: $ 131,720
  Finance and Insurance                    emp:   27,020  median: $ 131,760
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:   25,080  median: $ 128,070
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:   23,450  median: $  99,210
  Manufacturing                            emp:   23,360  median: $ 105,040
  Educational Services                     emp:   17,310  median: $  83,120
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:   12,810  median: $ 109,960
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:   10,490  median: $  93,010

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (20 total) ---
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:  123,970  median: $ 121,310
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:   97,870  median: $ 124,530
  Information                              emp:   48,470  median: $ 131,720
  Finance and Insurance                    emp:   27,020  median: $ 131,760
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:   25,080  median: $ 128,070
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:   23,450  median: $  99,210
  Manufacturing                            emp:   23,360  median: $ 105,040
  Educational Services                     emp:   17,310  median: $  83,120
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:   12,810  median: $ 109,960
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:   10,490  median: $  93,010

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Information technology management
match_score        : 0.8056
wikidata_qid       : Q1473265
word_count         : 8,035
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_technology_management
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T20:25:48.879548Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
Information technology management (IT management) is the discipline whereby all of the information technology resources of a firm are managed in accordance with its needs and priorities. Managing the responsibility within a company entails many of the basic management functions, like budgeting, staffing, change management, and organizing and controlling, along with other aspects that are unique to technology, like software design, network planning, tech, data, data center support etc.
Information Technology Management extends beyond technical support to encompass the strategic oversight of technology in alignment with organizational objectives. Its purview includes resource allocation, financial planning, risk mitigation, and ensuring the seamless delivery of IT services, all crucial for maintaining business operations and competitive positioning.


== History - Overview ==
The term information technology emerged in management science during the 1960s. At first, it referred to computer‑based mathematical techniques designed to replace mid‑level managers. The formal management of information technology began to develop more clearly in the 1970s and 1980s, when businesses recognized that information systems required structured planning, governance, and leadership rather than purely technical oversight.
Early foundations of IT management evolved from the field of Management Information Systems (MIS) and business computing. Researchers and practitioners began studying how information systems could support managerial decision making, organizational control, and strategic planning. As information systems grew more complex—especially with the spread of enterprise software, networking, and the internet in the 1990s—organizations required professionals who could bridge the gap between technical specialists and business leadership. This need contributed to the emergence of IT management as its own professional and academic field.
Information Technology Management refers to the organizational discipline concerned with overseeing the planning, development, implementation, and governance of information technology resources. It encompasses the strategic alignment of IT with business objectives, the management of IT infrastructure and applications, and the leadership of technology professionals.


=== Evolution of IT Management ===
Richard L. Nolan first proposed the Stages Theory in 1973 as a normative framework for understanding organizational learning in IT management. The theory posits that organizations assimilate computer technologies through four distinct stages, forming an "S‑shaped" learning curve:

Initiation – Limited investment and contained experimentation to prove the value of technology
Contagion – Rapid, relatively uncontrolled proliferation of technology throughout the organization
Control – Management controls slow growth to a manageable rate after inefficiencies emerge
Integration – Accumulated learning produces a balanced relationship between managed controls and growth
These four stages correspond to three historical eras defined by dominant technological designs: the Data Processing Era (mainframes, 1960–1980), the Microcomputer Era (1980–1995), and the Network Era (1995–2010).
Based on Nolan's historical analysis, the primary purposes of IT management include:

Support organizational efficiency: Automate routine tasks to reduce costs and improve accuracy
Enable strategic advantage: Use IT to sense and respond to customer needs, create new business models, and compete effectively
Manage information as a resource: Move beyond managing technology to exploiting information directly to add value to products and services
Bridge technical and business domains: IT managers serve as intermediaries between technical teams and executive leadership
Drive organizational transformation: Use IT to redesign business processes, flatten hierarchies, and enable new forms of collaboration
Shoshana Zuboff introduced the concept of "informate" to distinguish the capacity of information technology to generate information about underlying processes from the simpler task of automation. While automation replaces human labor, informate makes processes visible to workers and managers, enabling new forms of learning, coordination, and control. This theoretical shift moved organizational attention from using computers merely to perform tasks faster to using them to understand and improve how work is done.
The formal institutionalization of Information Resources Management (IRM) is significantly tied to the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980. This legislation served as a turning point for IT management by mandating two fundamental shifts:

Organizational Integration: It required the consolidation of previously siloed functions—such as telecommunications, data processing, information systems development, and records management—into a unified management structure.
Asset Reorientation: It shifted the focus of IT management from mere hardware oversight to the governance of information as a strategic resource.
IT management evolved from mainframe maintenance in the mid‑20th century to include minicomputers (1960s‑70s), personal computers and software development (1980s), internet‑era cybersecurity and global infrastructure (1990s), and cloud computing (21st century). Each phase expanded the scope and strategic importance of the IT manager role.

1960s–1970s – Minicomputers made computing power available to medium‑sized businesses and schools. Specialized roles such as systems analysts and database administrators emerged, and IT management began shifting toward optimizing technology for business needs.
1980s – The rise of personal computers and the software industry, led by companies like IBM, Microsoft, and Apple, expanded IT management to include network administration, user support, and software development. IT departments grew larger and more complex as organizations used IT for competitive advantage.
1990s – Internet growth and client‑server architecture brought e‑commerce, digital marketing, and global communications. IT management had to address cybersecurity, data privacy, and global infrastructure, requiring continuous learning and adaptation.
Mid‑20th century – IT management was centered on operating and maintaining large mainframe computers. The role was highly technical, focused on hardware and basic software.
21st century – Cloud computing (e.g., AWS, Azure) shifted organizations from expensive in‑house infrastructure to scalable, on‑demand services, transforming IT management practices.


=== Relationship to Information Systems and MIS ===
Several related disciplines are frequently conflated with Information Technology Management (ITM), though each has a distinct focus:

Information Technology Management (ITM) is the discipline of managing all technology resources. This practical field focuses on the operational aspects of technology, including budgets, installations, and support.
Information Systems (IS) is a broader, socio‑technical field that studies the interaction between people, processes, and technology.
Management Information Systems (MIS) is a specific application of IS focused on managerial decision‑making. MIS is considered a subset of the broader IS discipline and is designed to provide managers with reports and analysis to support their decisions.
In summary, IT management focuses on managing technology infrastructure and services; information systems encompass the broader socio‑technical systems that use information; and management information systems represent a category of information systems designed to support management and decision‑making.


== Purpose ==
The central aim of IT management is to generate value through the use of technology. To achieve this, business strategies and technology must be aligned.
In the context IT management, the  purpose is to strategically coordinate technology resources, people, and business processes to create measu

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Project manager (similarity: 0.5556)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_manager
  QID: Q816432
  Extract: A project manager is a professional in the field of project management. Project managers have the responsibility of the planning, procurement and execution of a project, in any undertaking that has a defined scope, defined start and a defined finish; regardless of industry. Project managers are firs

  Title: Management information system (similarity: 0.4412)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Management_information_system
  QID: Q61905
  Extract: A management information system (MIS) is an information system designed to support decision-making, coordination, control, analysis, and visualization of information within an organization. The study of management information systems examines the interplay between people, processes, and technology i

  Title: PM WIN-T (similarity: 0.1277)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PM_WIN-T
  QID: Q7119809
  Extract: PM WIN-T is a component of Program Executive Office Command, Control and Communications-Tactical in the United States Army. PM WIN-T has been absorbed into PM Tactical Networks as Product Manager for Mission Networks.

  Title: Personal information management (similarity: 0.5143)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_information_management
  QID: Q1081067
  Extract: Personal information management (PIM) is the study and implementation of the activities that people perform to acquire or create, store, organize, maintain, retrieve, and use informational items such as documents, web pages, and email messages for everyday use to complete tasks and fulfill a person'

  Title: Adobe Creative Cloud (similarity: 0.3051)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Creative_Cloud
  QID: Q14636918
  Extract: Adobe Creative Cloud is a set of applications and services from Adobe that gives subscribers access to a collection of software used for graphic design, video editing, web development, photography, along with a set of mobile applications and also some optional cloud services. In Creative Cloud, a mo

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong data foundation with comprehensive O*NET profile, detailed wage data from BLS OEWS May 2025, and clear task descriptions. Wikipedia match provides relevant contextual background for the broader IT management discipline.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T14:13:15.494116+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,651
tokens_output        : 4,202
cost_usd             : $0.045860
wikipedia_used       : True
wikipedia_title      : Information technology management
wikipedia_note       : The Wikipedia match for 'Information technology management' provides broader organizational context for IT project management as a discipline focused on managing technology resources according to business needs and priorities. This aligns with the role's emphasis on serving as liaison between business and technical aspects of projects.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Information Technology Project Managers orchestrate complex IT initiatives from conception to completion, serving as the critical bridge between business stakeholders and technical teams. They coordinate multidisciplinary teams to deliver technology solutions on time, within budget, and to specification while managing scope, risk, and quality. These professionals combine technical knowledge with strong leadership and communication skills to translate business requirements into actionable project plans.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
IT Project Managers begin their day reviewing project dashboards and milestone tracking systems to assess progress across multiple concurrent initiatives. They lead daily standup meetings with development teams, coordinate with stakeholders to resolve blockers, and conduct risk assessments to identify potential project threats. Throughout the day, they prepare status reports analyzing project metrics, facilitate cross-functional meetings between business and technical teams, and make critical decisions about resource allocation and scope adjustments. They spend considerable time communicating with supervisors and subordinates, organizing and prioritizing work activities, and scheduling deliverables to maintain project momentum.

WHO THRIVES:
Successful IT Project Managers possess exceptional integrity and intellectual curiosity, allowing them to navigate complex technical and organizational challenges while maintaining stakeholder trust. They demonstrate strong critical thinking abilities and problem sensitivity, enabling them to identify issues before they escalate and develop effective resolution strategies. These individuals excel at both written and oral communication, translating technical concepts for business audiences and business requirements for technical teams. They thrive under stress while maintaining cooperative relationships and achievement-oriented focus, balancing multiple competing priorities without compromising quality standards.

CAREER ENTRY:
Entry into IT project management typically requires a bachelor's degree (38.1% of professionals) combined with foundational experience in technology or business environments. Many professionals also pursue associate's degrees (23.8%) or post-baccalaureate certificates (19.1%) in project management, information technology, or related fields. Candidates benefit from prior experience in software development, systems analysis, or technical support roles that provide understanding of IT infrastructure and development processes.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
IT Project Managers often advance to senior program management roles overseeing multiple related projects or transition into Computer and Information Systems Manager positions with broader organizational responsibility. Many progress to specialized roles such as Database Administrators, Systems Architects, or Management Analysts, leveraging their cross-functional experience. Others move into executive positions like General and Operations Managers or launch consulting practices focused on digital transformation initiatives.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
The IT project management field employs 435,370 professionals with a median annual salary of $116,580 according to BLS OEWS May 2025 data, ranging from $55,940 at the 10th percentile to $188,470 at the 90th percentile. Geographic variation is substantial, with District of Columbia offering the highest median wages at $156,590 compared to Puerto Rico's $60,470, representing a 2.59x differential. Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services leads employment with 123,970 positions, followed by government sectors with 97,870 roles, reflecting strong demand across both private industry and public sector digital initiatives. The Information sector employs 48,470 professionals, indicating robust opportunities within technology-focused organizations.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
IT Project Managers face moderate automation risk as project planning and monitoring activities become increasingly supported by AI-driven tools. However, their core responsibilities of coordinating teams, managing stakeholder relationships, and making complex decisions about scope and risk require human judgment and emotional intelligence that remain difficult to automate.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [skill_overlap] Project Management Specialists (13-1082.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles share identical coordination and management of personnel resources skills, with similar emphasis on organizing and prioritizing work activities.
    data: Coordination (imp:4.0, lvl:4.1)
    data: Management of Personnel Resources (imp:3.9, lvl:4.0)
  [career_pathway] Computer and Information Systems Managers (11-3021.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Strong advancement path evidenced by shared high-level technical knowledge requirements and management responsibilities in IT environments.
    data: Computers and Electronics (imp:4.2, lvl:5.5)
    data: Administration and Management (imp:4.0, lvl:4.6)
  [task_similarity] Computer Systems Analysts (15-1211.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles involve systems analysis and working extensively with computers to solve technical problems and assess business implications.
    data: Systems Analysis (imp:3.8, lvl:3.8)
    data: Working with Computers (imp:4.5, lvl:5.2)
  [knowledge_overlap] Software Developers (15-1252.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Shared expertise in computers and electronics, engineering and technology knowledge essential for managing software development projects.
    data: Computers and Electronics (imp:4.2, lvl:5.5)
    data: Engineering and Technology (imp:3.6, lvl:4.3)
  [riasec_cluster] Management Analysts (13-1111.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both roles demonstrate high Enterprising and Conventional RIASEC profiles, focusing on leadership and systematic problem-solving approaches.
    data: E:5.91, C:5.31
    data: Economics and Accounting (imp:3.4, lvl:3.6)

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['information technology project manager', 'IT project manager', 'technology project coordinator', 'digital project manager', 'systems project manager', 'software project manager', 'infrastructure project manager', 'cybersecurity project manager']
  exclude_keywords : ['software developer', 'systems administrator', 'database administrator', 'network administrator', 'business analyst']
  title_patterns   : ['*IT*Project*Manager', '*Information*Technology*Project*', '*Cyber*Project*Manager', '*Infrastructure*Project*Manager', '*Application*Manager']
  common_variations: ['IT Project Manager', 'Information Systems Project Manager', 'Technology Project Coordinator', 'Digital Project Manager', 'Systems Project Lead', 'Infrastructure Project Manager', 'Application Development Director', 'Cybersecurity Project Manager']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['management', 'technology', 'business', 'project', 'technical', 'security', 'organizational', 'managers', 'strategic', 'tendency', 'others', 'software', 'infrastructure', 'resources', 'planning', 'service', 'operations', 'services', 'strategy', 'governance']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
management                259  0.03511  wikipedia            wikipedia:95%  onet_dimensions:3%  inference:3%
technology                137  0.01857  wikipedia            wikipedia:83%  dwas:6%  inference:5%
business                  101  0.01369  wikipedia            wikipedia:91%  inference:8%  onet_dimensions:1%
project                    61  0.00827  wikipedia            wikipedia:43%  onet_tasks:26%  inference:25%
technical                  56  0.00759  wikipedia            wikipedia:79%  inference:16%  onet_dimensions:5%
security                   50  0.00678  wikipedia            wikipedia:94%  onet_dimensions:4%  dwas:2%
organizational             49  0.00664  wikipedia            wikipedia:92%  inference:6%  onet_dimensions:2%
managers                   47  0.00637  wikipedia            wikipedia:87%  inference:13%
strategic                  44  0.00596  wikipedia            wikipedia:98%  onet_dimensions:2%
tendency                   42  0.00569  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
others                     40  0.00542  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:95%  dwas:2%  inference:2%
software                   40  0.00542  wikipedia            wikipedia:88%  onet_dimensions:8%  dwas:2%
infrastructure             36  0.00488  wikipedia            wikipedia:97%  inference:3%
resources                  32  0.00434  wikipedia            wikipedia:62%  onet_dimensions:28%  onet_tasks:6%
planning                   32  0.00434  wikipedia            wikipedia:91%  onet_dimensions:6%  inference:3%
service                    31  0.00420  wikipedia            wikipedia:94%  onet_dimensions:6%
operations                 31  0.00420  wikipedia            wikipedia:74%  onet_dimensions:19%  dwas:3%
services                   29  0.00393  wikipedia            wikipedia:76%  onet_dimensions:21%  inference:3%
strategy                   29  0.00393  wikipedia            wikipedia:97%  onet_dimensions:3%
governance                 29  0.00393  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
risk                       28  0.00380  wikipedia            wikipedia:75%  inference:14%  onet_dimensions:7%
cloud                      26  0.00352  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
organizations              25  0.00339  wikipedia            wikipedia:92%  onet_dimensions:4%  inference:4%
control                    25  0.00339  wikipedia            wikipedia:52%  onet_dimensions:48%
goals                      24  0.00325  wikipedia            wikipedia:75%  onet_dimensions:25%
needs                      23  0.00312  wikipedia            wikipedia:48%  onet_dimensions:35%  onet_tasks:9%
objectives                 23  0.00312  wikipedia            wikipedia:87%  onet_dimensions:9%  onet_tasks:4%
equipment                  23  0.00312  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
hardware                   23  0.00312  wikipedia            wikipedia:87%  onet_dimensions:9%  dwas:4%
activities                 22  0.00298  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:41%  dwas:23%  wikipedia:23%
resource                   22  0.00298  wikipedia            wikipedia:77%  dwas:14%  onet_dimensions:5%
leadership                 22  0.00298  wikipedia            wikipedia:82%  onet_dimensions:14%  inference:5%
design                     22  0.00298  wikipedia            wikipedia:73%  onet_dimensions:27%
organization               22  0.00298  wikipedia            wikipedia:82%  onet_dimensions:18%
development                22  0.00298  wikipedia            wikipedia:86%  inference:14%
technologies               21  0.00285  wikipedia            wikipedia:90%  onet_tasks:5%  dwas:5%
financial                  21  0.00285  wikipedia            wikipedia:81%  onet_dimensions:14%  dwas:5%
principles                 20  0.00271  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:80%  wikipedia:20%
managing                   20  0.00271  wikipedia            wikipedia:75%  inference:15%  onet_dimensions:10%
value                      20  0.00271  wikipedia            wikipedia:95%  onet_dimensions:5%