[Core] [27% incumbents] Analyze control or survey data to ensure adherence to project specifications or land survey standards.
  DWAs: Analyze operational data to evaluate operations, processes or products.

[Core] [27% incumbents] Conduct surveys to determine exact positions, measurement of points, elevations, lines, areas, volumes, contours, or other features of land surfaces.
  DWAs: Survey land or bodies of water to measure or determine features.

[Core] [27% incumbents] Calculate the exact horizontal and vertical position of points on the Earth's surface.
  DWAs: Calculate geographic positions from survey data.

[Core] [27% incumbents] Maintain databases of geodetic and related information, including coordinate, descriptive, or quality assurance data.
  DWAs: Maintain operational records or records systems.

[Core] [27% incumbents] Verify the mathematical correctness of newly collected survey data.
  DWAs: Verify mathematical calculations.

[Core] [27% incumbents] Compute horizontal and vertical coordinates of control networks, using direct leveling or other geodetic survey techniques, such as triangulation, trilateration, and traversing, to establish features of the Earth's surface.
  DWAs: Calculate geographic positions from survey data.

[Core] [27% incumbents] Plan or direct the work of geodetic surveying staff, providing technical consultation as needed.
  DWAs: Direct surveying activities.

[Core] [27% incumbents] Assess the quality of control data to determine the need for additional survey data for engineering, construction, or other projects.
  DWAs: Analyze physical, survey, or geographic data.

[Core] [27% incumbents] Distribute compiled geodetic data to government agencies or the general public.
  DWAs: Explain project details to the general public.

[Core] [27% incumbents] Request additional survey data when field collection errors occur or engineering surveying specifications are not maintained.
  DWAs: Gather physical survey data.

[Core] [27% incumbents] Read current literature, talk with colleagues, continue education, or participate in professional organizations or conferences to keep abreast of developments in technology, equipment, or systems.
  DWAs: Update technical knowledge.

[Core] [27% incumbents] Provide training and interpretation in the use of methods or procedures for observing and checking controls for geodetic and plane coordinates.
  DWAs: Train personnel on proper operational procedures.

[Core] [27% incumbents] Prepare progress or technical reports.
  DWAs: Prepare operational reports.

[Core] [27% incumbents] Review existing standards, controls, or equipment used, recommending changes or upgrades as needed.
  DWAs: Evaluate designs or specifications to ensure quality.

[Core] [27% incumbents] Compute, retrace, or adjust existing surveys of features such as highway alignments, property boundaries, utilities, control and other surveys to match the ground elevation-dependent grids, geodetic grids, or property boundaries and to ensure accuracy and continuity of data used in engineering, surveying, or construction projects.
  DWAs: Calculate geographic positions from survey data.

[Core] [27% incumbents] Determine orientation of tracts of land, including position, boundaries, size, and shape, using theodolites, electronic distance-measuring equipment, satellite-based positioning equipment, land information systems, or other geodetic survey equipment.
  DWAs: Survey land or bodies of water to measure or determine features.

[EMERGING:Revision] Determine orientation of tracts of land, including position, boundaries, size, and shape, using theodolites, electronic distance-measuring equipment, satellite-based positioning equipment, drones, land information systems, or other geodetic survey equipment.

--- SKILLS ---
  Mathematics (imp:4.12 lvl:4.88) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Reading Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.38) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Active Listening (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Critical Thinking (imp:3.88 lvl:4.12) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Writing (imp:3.62 lvl:4.12) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Speaking (imp:3.38 lvl:3.88) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Active Learning (imp:3.38 lvl:4.12) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Monitoring (imp:3.38 lvl:3.88) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Science (imp:3.12 lvl:3.50) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
  Learning Strategies (imp:3.00 lvl:3.25) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Mathematics (imp:4.78 lvl:5.74) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Engineering and Technology (imp:3.96 lvl:5.04) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Geography (imp:3.84 lvl:5.33) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Computers and Electronics (imp:3.77 lvl:5.00) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  English Language (imp:3.70 lvl:4.37) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Physics (imp:3.50 lvl:4.22) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Education and Training (imp:3.19 lvl:4.37) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Design (imp:3.15 lvl:4.22) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:3.08 lvl:3.69) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Law and Government (imp:2.81 lvl:3.37) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Administration and Management (imp:2.74 lvl:3.81) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Public Safety and Security (imp:2.65 lvl:2.81) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:2.46 lvl:2.92) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Telecommunications (imp:2.44 lvl:2.33) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Administrative (imp:2.42 lvl:3.30) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Production and Processing (imp:2.38 lvl:2.50) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Building and Construction (imp:2.30 lvl:2.74) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Mechanical (imp:2.30 lvl:2.63) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Transportation (imp:2.30 lvl:2.52) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Sales and Marketing (imp:2.22 lvl:2.78) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Economics and Accounting (imp:2.04 lvl:1.96) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Communications and Media (imp:2.04 lvl:2.27) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  History and Archeology (imp:1.89 lvl:1.93) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Psychology (imp:1.63 lvl:1.63) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:1.41 lvl:0.89) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Foreign Language (imp:1.41 lvl:0.93) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Chemistry (imp:1.33 lvl:1.00) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.33 lvl:0.74) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Biology (imp:1.22 lvl:0.48) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:1.19 lvl:0.44) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.19 lvl:0.44) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Fine Arts (imp:1.15 lvl:0.30) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
  Food Production (imp:1.04 lvl:0.04) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food

--- ABILITIES ---
  Oral Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.88) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Written Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.88) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Oral Expression (imp:4.00 lvl:4.62) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Written Expression (imp:4.00 lvl:4.12) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:4.00 lvl:4.12) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Information Ordering (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:4.00 lvl:4.75) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:4.00 lvl:4.12) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:3.88 lvl:4.12) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Number Facility (imp:3.88 lvl:4.25) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Near Vision (imp:3.88 lvl:3.88) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.75 lvl:3.88) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:3.50 lvl:4.00) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Visualization (imp:3.25 lvl:3.62) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Memorization (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Speed of Closure (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Perceptual Speed (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Selective Attention (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Far Vision (imp:3.00 lvl:3.62) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Originality (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Time Sharing (imp:2.75 lvl:2.62) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Control Precision (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Finger Dexterity (imp:2.62 lvl:2.75) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:2.62 lvl:2.62) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:2.50 lvl:2.25) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Manual Dexterity (imp:2.38 lvl:2.00) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Depth Perception (imp:2.25 lvl:2.25) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Trunk Strength (imp:2.12 lvl:1.88) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Spatial Orientation (imp:2.00 lvl:2.12) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Reaction Time (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Static Strength (imp:2.00 lvl:1.62) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:2.00 lvl:1.38) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Stamina (imp:1.88 lvl:1.25) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Extent Flexibility (imp:1.88 lvl:1.38) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.88 lvl:1.00) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:1.88 lvl:1.75) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Auditory Attention (imp:1.88 lvl:1.75) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Response Orientation (imp:1.75 lvl:1.50) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Rate Control (imp:1.75 lvl:1.25) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:1.75 lvl:1.00) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:1.75 lvl:1.38) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Dynamic Strength (imp:1.62 lvl:0.75) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:1.62 lvl:0.62) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Night Vision (imp:1.62 lvl:1.12) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Sound Localization (imp:1.62 lvl:0.62) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.25 lvl:0.25) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.25 lvl:0.25) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Working with Computers (imp:4.63 lvl:4.37) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Processing Information (imp:4.58 lvl:5.93) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Getting Information (imp:4.48 lvl:5.07) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:4.48 lvl:5.56) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:4.30 lvl:5.00) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:4.22 lvl:4.85) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:4.22 lvl:5.41) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:4.19 lvl:5.22) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:4.00 lvl:4.56) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:3.85 lvl:4.73) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:3.73 lvl:4.46) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:3.69 lvl:4.50) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:3.67 lvl:4.44) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:3.62 lvl:3.96) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:3.59 lvl:5.11) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:3.52 lvl:4.37) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Thinking Creatively (imp:3.41 lvl:4.67) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:3.35 lvl:4.23) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:3.27 lvl:3.85) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:3.27 lvl:4.00) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:3.23 lvl:4.27) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:3.22 lvl:3.93) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.19 lvl:3.74) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:3.15 lvl:3.73) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:3.04 lvl:4.30) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:3.04 lvl:3.52) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:3.04 lvl:3.74) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:3.00 lvl:3.27) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:2.93 lvl:4.07) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:2.85 lvl:2.44) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:2.85 lvl:3.52) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:2.85 lvl:3.58) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:2.85 lvl:3.63) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:2.81 lvl:3.54) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:2.67 lvl:3.11) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:2.63 lvl:3.00) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:2.50 lvl:2.81) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:2.41 lvl:2.74) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:2.33 lvl:3.22) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:2.00 lvl:2.19) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:1.96 lvl:1.85) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Attention to Detail (imp:3.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Dependability (imp:2.65) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Dependability (imp:2.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:1.93) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Integrity (imp:1.79) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Perseverance (imp:1.58) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Cautiousness (imp:1.50) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Achievement Orientation (imp:1.45) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Self-Confidence (imp:1.24) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Leadership Orientation (imp:1.24) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Attention to Detail (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Innovation (imp:0.97) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Stress Tolerance (imp:0.80) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control (imp:0.46) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:0.43) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative (imp:0.43) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability (imp:0.23) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Sincerity (imp:0.21) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Social Orientation (imp:0.07) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Cooperation (imp:0.04) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Achievement Orientation () — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Intellectual Curiosity () — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Cautiousness () — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Integrity () — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Humility (imp:-0.10) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Empathy (imp:-0.14) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Optimism (imp:-0.32) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:3.75 lvl:3.88) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:3.62 lvl:3.75) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Systems Analysis (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Systems Evaluation (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Coordination (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Instructing (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Time Management (imp:2.88 lvl:3.12) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Service Orientation (imp:2.75 lvl:2.50) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Operations Monitoring (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Operation and Control (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:2.75 lvl:3.12) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Programming (imp:2.38 lvl:2.50) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Persuasion (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Negotiation (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Equipment Selection (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Operations Analysis (imp:1.88 lvl:1.75) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.88 lvl:1.50) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Troubleshooting (imp:1.88 lvl:1.62) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Repairing (imp:1.88 lvl:1.50) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
  Technology Design (imp:1.75 lvl:1.38) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:1.75 lvl:1.50) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Management of Material Resources (imp:1.75 lvl:1.50) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 50,830
  annual_median    : $75,440
  annual_pct10     : $46,880
  annual_pct25     : $58,170
  annual_pct75     : $98,130
  annual_pct90     : $125,590
  annual_mean      : $80,570
  hourly_median    : $36.27

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : California ($105,330)
  lowest_state     : Puerto Rico ($44,870)
  dispersion_ratio : 2.347x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (52 total) ---
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:   38,170  median: $  73,520
  Construction                             emp:    5,160  median: $  73,360
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:    4,590  median: $  94,970
  Utilities                                emp:      660  median: $  98,570
  Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction emp:      650  median: $  80,080
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:      640  median: $  77,640
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:      300  median: $  94,290
  Information                              emp:      210  median: $  58,100
  Manufacturing                            emp:       90  median: $  64,600
  Transportation and Warehousing           emp:       90  median: $  96,430

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (12 total) ---
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:   38,170  median: $  73,520
  Construction                             emp:    5,160  median: $  73,360
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:    4,590  median: $  94,970
  Utilities                                emp:      660  median: $  98,570
  Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction emp:      650  median: $  80,080
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:      640  median: $  77,640
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:      300  median: $  94,290
  Information                              emp:      210  median: $  58,100
  Manufacturing                            emp:       90  median: $  64,600
  Transportation and Warehousing           emp:       90  median: $  96,430

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : NOAAS Surveyor
match_score        : 0.6250
wikidata_qid       : Q6954833
word_count         : 1,162
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOAAS_Surveyor
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T20:29:11.970713Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
NOAA Ship Surveyor (S 132) was an oceanographic survey ship in commission in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) from 1970 until 1995. Prior to her NOAA career, she was in commission in the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey from 1960 to 1970 as USC&GS Surveyor (OSS 32). She was the second and last Coast and Geodetic Survey ship named Surveyor and has been the only NOAA ship thus far to bear the name.


== Construction and characteristics ==

Surveyor was built as an "ocean survey ship" (OSS) for the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey by National Steel and Shipbuilding Company in San Diego, California, and launched on 25 April 1959, sponsored by Mrs. H. Arnold Karo. She was the last steam-powered ship built for the Coast and Geodetic Survey, and the first to be equipped with a deep-water multi-beam echosounder. Her construction marked the beginning of a major effort to modernize the Coast and Geodetic Survey fleet and make it capable of conducting operations worldwide.
In addition to the deep-water echosounder, Surveyor had a shallow-water echosounder, a stabilized mapping sonar system, a Hydroplot data-processing system, a data-processing computer, seismic reflection profile processors, and an extensive suite of navigation equipment, as well as a wet and dry oceanography laboratory, a gravimetric laboratory, and a photographic laboratory.
By the 1990s, Surveyor was unique in a number of ways. Perhaps the biggest was that she was a steam-powered ship. As a result, she had both an engine room and a boiler room with two three story boilers; one providing steam for her impulse turbine and the other providing steam for ship's service generators.
Impulse turbines are controlled through the use of engine-room throttle valve settings which produce different velocities and volumes in steam consumption. These settings cause changes in boiler conditions. Maneuvering operations could be quite dangerous and difficult for those who changed the boilers' burner barrels and tips. These crew-members are known as "firemen". Maneuvering operations involve frequent replacement of the hot burners and various sizes of tips to adjust for throttle valve settings. However, Surveyor reduced the need for this by use of a "harbor master" – an electric motor with propeller that could be lowered into the water from the stern. This propeller could be rotated and could produce enough thrust to move the stern during low speed maneuvering. As a result, Surveyor could dock without the assistance of tugs or other vessels.
Top speed at that time was around 13 knots, possibly due to a damaged reduction gear within her transmission that caused a distinctive vibration in the ship while underway. Due to the low position of her engine within her hull, she had generally good seakeeping qualities and rode well even in some of the roughest seas, although like other such single propeller ships, she could shutter significantly when the top of her propeller would break the surface of the water while pitching in heavy seas. While endurance was rated at 38 days, in reality she could safely remain at sea for around 32 days as the consumption of fuel and stores would reduce her weight significantly enough to impair her stability in the heavier seas she often found herself in near the end of her service. Also, unlike other ships of the fleet that used primarily diesel fuel, Surveyor primarily used Bunker C fuel oil, although JP4 was also used due to greater availability.


== Operational career ==
USC&GS Surveyor (OSS 32) was commissioned into service with the Coast and Geodetic Survey on April 30, 1960. When NOAA was created on 3 October 1970 and took over the Coast and Geodetic Survey's fleet, she became a part of the NOAA fleet as NOAAS Surveyor (S 132).
Based at Seattle, Washington, and nicknamed "Old Workhouse," Surveyor spent her career in the Pacific Ocean and Arctic Ocean, operating as far north as the Beaufort Sea off Alaska and as far south as the Palmer Peninsula in Antarctica; she conducted hydrographic surveys in such widely separated areas as Norton Sound in Alaska and American Samoa. She was the primary ship for studying the Alaskan Arctic for the Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program (OCSEAP) and for studying Antarctic Marine Living Resources (AMLR.) She also conducted multi-beam echosounder surveys along the West Coast of the United States, off the southern coast of Alaska, throughout the Juan de Fuca Ridge area off the coast of Washington and British Columbia, and in Hawaiian waters. She discovered Axial Seamount on Endeavor Ridge, a seamount that apparently has been split in half by seafloor spreading.
On 6 March 1980, while Surveyor was tied to a pier in San Francisco, California, one of her crewmen fell over the side into the water between the ship and the pier. Without hesitation another crewman, Able-Bodied Seaman Wallace K. Kanahele, leaped into the water, rescued the man—who was suffering from hypothermia—and brought him to a small boat which had been lowered by another vessel. For saving his shipmate's life, Kanahele received the Department of Commerce Gold Medal in 1980.
NOAA decommissioned Surveyor in a ceremony in Seattle on 29 September 1995.


== Post-decommissioning ==
After her decommissioning, ex-Surveyor was moved to Seattle's Lake Washington Ship Canal, where she was decontaminated near the Ballard Locks by USS, Ltd., of Bend, Oregon. As part of the contract for decontaminating Surveyor, USS took possession of her and arranged for her sale to a private party.
After spending several years near the Ballard Locks, ex-Surveyor was moved to the Tyee Marina in Commencement Bay at Tacoma, Washington, where she remained as of April 2015, apparently serving as a windbreak for the marina under the designation OSS 2. She was registered with the United States Coast Guard through 30 April 2018.
Sometime between mid-2016 and early 2018, OSS 2 was moved to New Westminster on the Fraser River in British Columbia, Canada, at the approximate location 49.213926°N 122.880144°W / 49.213926; -122.880144, where she was moored near the former NOAAS Miller Freeman, a fisheries and oceanographic research ship which NOAA had decommissioned and sold in 2013. By early January 2019, OSS 2 and the former Miller Freeman both had been moved to Maple Ridge, British Columbia, also on the Fraser River, where they were moored side by side.
As of June 2019, the United States Coast Guard′s registration database listed OSS 2 as an active pleasure craft registered in Canada.


== Commemoration ==
The Surveyor fracture zone, Surveyor Gap, and Surveyor Seachannel all are named for Surveyor.


== Notes ==


== Footnotes ==


== References ==
NOAA History, A Science Odyssey: Tools of the Trade: Ships: Coast and Geodetic Survey Ships: Surveyor
NOAA History, A Science Odyssey: Hall of Honor: Commerce Medals Presented for Lifesaving and the Protection of Property 1955-2000
Prézelin, Bernard, and A. D. Baker III, eds. The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World 1990/1991: Their Ships, Aircraft, and Armament. Annapolis, Maryland: United States Naval Institute, 1990. ISBN 0-87021-250-8.

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Geodesy (similarity: 0.5600)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodesy
  QID: Q131089
  Extract: Geodesy or geodetics is the science of measuring and representing the geometry, gravity, and spatial orientation of the Earth in temporally varying 3D space. It is called planetary geodesy when studying other astronomical bodies, such as planets or circumplanetary systems. Geodetic job titles includ

  Title: Surveying (similarity: 0.4444)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surveying
  QID: Q816425
  Extract: Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, art, and science of determining the terrestrial positions of points based on the distances and angles between them. These points are usually on the surface of the Earth, and they are often used to establish maps and boundaries for ownership, 

  Title: Survey marker (similarity: 0.4516)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survey_marker
  QID: Q352956
  Extract: In surveying and geodesy, a marker is an object firmly installed to indicate points on the Earth's surface with known coordinates. A benchmark is a type of survey marker that indicates elevation. Horizontal position markers used for triangulation are also known as triangulation stations. A set of in

  Title: World Geodetic System (similarity: 0.5641)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Geodetic_System
  QID: Q215848
  Extract: The World Geodetic System (WGS) is a standard used in cartography, geodesy, and satellite navigation including GPS. The current version, WGS 84, defines an Earth-centered, Earth-fixed coordinate system and a geodetic datum, and also describes the associated Earth Gravitational Model (EGM) and World 

  Title: NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps (similarity: 0.3265)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOAA_Commissioned_Officer_Corps
  QID: Q3873184
  Extract: The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps is one of eight federal uniformed services of the United States, and operates under the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), a scientific agency overseen by the Department of Commerce. The NOAA Corps is

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong confidence supported by detailed O*NET task descriptions, comprehensive skill and knowledge profiles, and substantial BLS wage data with clear employment distribution across industries.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T14:27:23.907717+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,700
tokens_output        : 4,338
cost_usd             : $0.047585
wikipedia_used       : False
wikipedia_title      : NOAAS Surveyor
wikipedia_note       : The Wikipedia match refers to a specific NOAA research vessel rather than the occupation itself. The semantic neighbors provide more relevant context, particularly 'Geodesy' and 'Surveying' which directly relate to the professional field.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Geodetic Surveyors are precision measurement specialists who use advanced satellite technology and global positioning systems to map large areas of Earth's surface with extraordinary accuracy. They combine mathematics, engineering, and cutting-edge technology to establish precise coordinates and maintain critical geographic databases that support everything from construction projects to national defense. These professionals serve as the foundation for accurate mapping and spatial data that enables modern infrastructure development and scientific research.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
Geodetic surveyors spend their days analyzing satellite data and GPS measurements to calculate exact horizontal and vertical positions on Earth's surface. They work extensively with computers, processing complex information using specialized software like ESRI ArcGIS and maintaining databases of coordinate and quality assurance data. Field work involves conducting surveys to determine precise positions, elevations, and boundaries, while office time is dedicated to verifying mathematical calculations and ensuring survey data meets engineering specifications. They regularly collaborate with engineering teams, providing technical consultation and directing surveying staff on large-scale measurement projects.

WHO THRIVES:
Individuals who excel as geodetic surveyors possess strong mathematical reasoning abilities and attention to detail, as evidenced by the critical importance ratings for mathematical knowledge (5.7 level) and precision work. They thrive on intellectual curiosity and complex problem-solving, enjoying the challenge of working with sophisticated technology and analyzing large datasets. The high Realistic (5.50) and Investigative (5.40) RIASEC profile indicates success for those who prefer hands-on technical work combined with scientific analysis. Successful practitioners demonstrate exceptional dependability and integrity, as their measurements form the basis for critical infrastructure and legal property boundaries.

CAREER ENTRY:
Entry into geodetic surveying typically requires a bachelor's degree, with 81.5% of practitioners holding this level of education according to O*NET data. Academic preparation should emphasize mathematics, engineering, geography, and computer science, reflecting the occupation's high knowledge requirements in these areas. While some positions may accept relevant experience with surveying technology, the Job Zone 4 classification indicates considerable preparation is needed, often including specialized training in GPS systems, LIDAR technology, and geodetic principles. Professional certification or licensure may be required depending on the specific role and jurisdiction.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Geodetic surveyors can advance to supervisory roles directing surveying operations or specialize in emerging technologies like remote sensing and GIS analysis. Career progression often leads to positions as geodetic engineers, survey project managers, or consulting roles in major engineering firms. The strong foundation in mathematics and technology opens pathways into related fields such as cartography, geospatial analysis, or data science, particularly given the growing integration of big data analytics in surveying applications.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
According to BLS OEWS May 2025 data, geodetic surveyors earn a median annual salary of $75,440, with employment of 50,830 nationwide and a wage range from $46,880 to $125,590. Geographic variation is significant, with California offering the highest wages at $105,330 compared to Puerto Rico at $44,870, representing a 2.35x ratio. The largest employment sector is Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services with 38,170 positions, followed by Construction (5,160) and Government (4,590). Strong demand exists in infrastructure-heavy states and regions with active construction and development projects, particularly as precision mapping becomes increasingly critical for smart city initiatives and climate change adaptation.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
Geodetic surveying faces moderate automation pressure as satellite technology and AI-enhanced data processing continue to advance, but the profession's emphasis on complex analysis and quality assurance provides protection. The high importance of critical thinking (4.1 level) and mathematical reasoning (4.8 level) suggests that while data collection may become more automated, the interpretation and verification of measurements will remain human-dependent. Professional judgment in ensuring compliance with standards and making decisions about data quality represents work that is difficult to automate.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [skill_overlap] Surveyors (17-1022.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles share identical high importance ratings for mathematics (4.1-4.8) and similar work activities in analyzing survey data and calculating geographic positions.
    data: Mathematics knowledge importance 4.8
    data: Geographic position calculation tasks
    data: Survey data analysis activities
  [career_pathway] Surveying and Mapping Technicians (17-3031.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Technician role serves as common entry point with overlapping computer work (4.6 importance) and information processing activities leading to geodetic surveyor advancement.
    data: Job Zone 4 preparation requirements
    data: Computer work importance 4.6
    data: Processing information activities 4.6
  [knowledge_overlap] Cartographers and Photogrammetrists (17-1021.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Strong overlap in geography knowledge (3.8 importance) and similar RIASEC Realistic/Investigative profiles for spatial analysis work.
    data: Geography knowledge importance 3.8
    data: RIASEC R:5.50, I:5.40
    data: Spatial data analysis tasks
  [task_similarity] Remote Sensing Scientists and Technologists (19-2099.01) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both roles process satellite data and use similar technologies like LIDAR, with comparable computer and electronics knowledge requirements (3.8 importance).
    data: Satellite observation description
    data: LIDAR technology tools
    data: Computers and Electronics knowledge 3.8
  [transferable_skill] Geographic Information Systems Technologists and Technicians (15-1299.02) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Systems analysis transferable skills (3.1 level) and shared use of ESRI ArcGIS software tools indicate strong skill transferability.
    data: Systems analysis skill 3.1
    data: ESRI ArcGIS technology tools
    data: Geographic data processing tasks

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['geodetic', 'surveyor', 'satellite', 'GNSS', 'GPS', 'coordinates', 'positioning', 'geospatial']
  exclude_keywords : ['cadastral', 'property', 'boundary', 'construction', 'topographic']
  title_patterns   : ['Geodetic Surveyor', 'Geodesist', 'Geodetic Engineer', 'Geodetic Technician', 'GIS Surveyor']
  common_variations: ['geodetic surveyor', 'geodesist', 'satellite surveyor', 'GPS surveyor', 'geospatial analyst', 'geodetic engineer', 'precision surveyor', 'coordinate surveyor']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['tendency', 'others', 'equipment', 'geodetic', 'survey', 'surveyor', 'principles', 'control', 'noaa', 'surveying', 'ship', 'coast', 'quality', 'technology', 'orientation', 'includes', 'objects', 'standards', 'techniques', 'providing']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
tendency                   42  0.01223  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
others                     38  0.01107  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
equipment                  32  0.00932  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:72%  onet_tasks:25%  wikipedia:3%
geodetic                   31  0.00903  wikipedia            wikipedia:45%  inference:29%  onet_tasks:26%
survey                     28  0.00815  wikipedia            wikipedia:39%  onet_tasks:29%  dwas:25%
surveyor                   23  0.00670  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
principles                 17  0.00495  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:94%  inference:6%
control                    16  0.00466  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:75%  onet_tasks:25%
noaa                       15  0.00437  wikipedia            wikipedia:93%  inference:7%
surveying                  14  0.00408  inference            inference:50%  onet_tasks:21%  wikipedia:21%
ship                       13  0.00379  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
coast                      13  0.00379  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
quality                    12  0.00349  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:50%  inference:25%  onet_tasks:17%
technology                 12  0.00349  inference            inference:58%  onet_dimensions:33%  onet_tasks:8%
orientation                12  0.00349  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:75%  onet_tasks:17%  wikipedia:8%
includes                   12  0.00349  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
objects                    12  0.00349  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
standards                  11  0.00320  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:73%  onet_tasks:18%  inference:9%
techniques                 11  0.00320  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:91%  onet_tasks:9%
providing                  11  0.00320  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:64%  wikipedia:18%  onet_tasks:9%
operations                 11  0.00320  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:55%  wikipedia:27%  dwas:9%
ideas                      11  0.00320  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
land                       10  0.00291  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:60%  dwas:20%  onet_dimensions:10%
earth                      10  0.00291  wikipedia            wikipedia:60%  onet_tasks:20%  inference:20%
needed                     10  0.00291  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:70%  onet_tasks:20%  inference:10%
engineering                10  0.00291  inference            inference:50%  onet_tasks:30%  onet_dimensions:20%
construction               10  0.00291  wikipedia            wikipedia:30%  inference:30%  onet_tasks:20%
procedures                 10  0.00291  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:80%  onet_tasks:10%  dwas:10%
resources                  10  0.00291  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:90%  wikipedia:10%
materials                  10  0.00291  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
activities                 10  0.00291  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:90%  dwas:10%
body                       10  0.00291  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
mathematical                9  0.00262  inference            inference:44%  onet_dimensions:33%  onet_tasks:11%
technical                   9  0.00262  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:33%  inference:33%  onet_tasks:22%
problems                    9  0.00262  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
services                    9  0.00262  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  wikipedia:22%  inference:11%
quickly                     9  0.00262  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
water                       9  0.00262  wikipedia            wikipedia:78%  dwas:22%
states                      9  0.00262  wikipedia            wikipedia:89%  inference:11%
surface                     8  0.00233  wikipedia            wikipedia:50%  onet_tasks:25%  inference:25%