[Core] [20% incumbents] Prepare reports, sketches, working drawings, specifications, proposals, and budgets for proposed sites or systems.
  DWAs: Create graphical representations of mechanical equipment. | Prepare proposal documents. | Document technical design details.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Visit sites to observe environmental problems, to consult with contractors, or to monitor construction activities.
  DWAs: Investigate the environmental impact of projects. | Confer with other personnel to resolve design or operational problems.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Meet with clients, such as district or regional councils, farmers, and developers, to discuss their needs.
  DWAs: Discuss designs or plans with clients.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Discuss plans with clients, contractors, consultants, and other engineers so that they can be evaluated and necessary changes made.
  DWAs: Discuss designs or plans with clients. | Communicate technical information to suppliers, contractors, or regulatory agencies.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Test agricultural machinery and equipment to ensure adequate performance.
  DWAs: Test performance of electrical, electronic, mechanical, or integrated systems or equipment.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Plan and direct construction of rural electric-power distribution systems, and irrigation, drainage, and flood control systems for soil and water conservation.
  DWAs: Prepare detailed work plans.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Provide advice on water quality and issues related to pollution management, river control, and ground and surface water resources.
  DWAs: Advise others regarding green practices or environmental concerns.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Design structures for crop storage, animal shelter and loading, and animal and crop processing, and supervise their construction.
  DWAs: Design structures or facilities. | Direct construction activities.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Conduct educational programs that provide farmers or farm cooperative members with information that can help them improve agricultural productivity.
  DWAs: Train personnel on proper operational procedures.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Design sensing, measuring, and recording devices, and other instrumentation used to study plant or animal life.
  DWAs: Design electronic or computer equipment or instrumentation.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Design agricultural machinery components and equipment, using computer-aided design (CAD) technology.
  DWAs: Create graphical representations of mechanical equipment.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Design and supervise environmental and land reclamation projects in agriculture and related industries.
  DWAs: Develop operational methods or processes that use green materials or emphasize sustainability. | Direct environmental development activities.

[Supplemental] [20% incumbents] Design food processing plants and related mechanical systems.
  DWAs: Design industrial processing systems.

[Supplemental] [19% incumbents] Supervise food processing or manufacturing plant operations.
  DWAs: Direct industrial production activities.

[EMERGING:New] Communicate results in peer-reviewed research articles or at workshops or conferences.

[EMERGING:New] Use agricultural drones for crop monitoring, irrigation management, and pest control.

--- SKILLS ---
  Reading Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.62) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Active Listening (imp:4.00 lvl:4.12) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Writing (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Speaking (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Critical Thinking (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Mathematics (imp:3.75 lvl:4.12) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Science (imp:3.38 lvl:3.38) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
  Active Learning (imp:3.25 lvl:3.88) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Monitoring (imp:3.25 lvl:3.75) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Learning Strategies (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Engineering and Technology (imp:4.85 lvl:6.55) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Computers and Electronics (imp:4.50 lvl:6.00) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Design (imp:4.35 lvl:5.75) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Mathematics (imp:4.25 lvl:5.90) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Physics (imp:4.25 lvl:5.80) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Biology (imp:4.10 lvl:5.15) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Mechanical (imp:3.90 lvl:5.10) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  English Language (imp:3.85 lvl:5.00) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Food Production (imp:3.63 lvl:4.70) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
  Chemistry (imp:3.60 lvl:4.75) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Production and Processing (imp:3.55 lvl:4.20) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Building and Construction (imp:3.35 lvl:4.50) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Administration and Management (imp:3.15 lvl:4.20) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Geography (imp:3.15 lvl:4.55) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:3.11 lvl:3.85) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Education and Training (imp:3.10 lvl:4.45) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Public Safety and Security (imp:3.10 lvl:3.40) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Law and Government (imp:2.75 lvl:3.25) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Telecommunications (imp:2.70 lvl:2.95) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Administrative (imp:2.65 lvl:4.16) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Communications and Media (imp:2.65 lvl:3.35) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Economics and Accounting (imp:2.58 lvl:3.05) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:2.45 lvl:3.42) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Transportation (imp:2.40 lvl:3.00) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Sales and Marketing (imp:1.95 lvl:2.50) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Foreign Language (imp:1.90 lvl:2.15) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:1.85 lvl:1.90) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Psychology (imp:1.75 lvl:2.00) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  History and Archeology (imp:1.45 lvl:0.90) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.40 lvl:1.05) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:1.20 lvl:0.40) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.15 lvl:0.40) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Fine Arts (imp:1.15 lvl:0.40) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform

--- ABILITIES ---
  Oral Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.25) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Written Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.75) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Oral Expression (imp:4.00 lvl:4.62) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Written Expression (imp:4.00 lvl:4.25) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:4.00 lvl:4.50) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:4.00 lvl:4.38) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:3.88 lvl:4.25) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Information Ordering (imp:3.75 lvl:4.25) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.75 lvl:4.12) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Visualization (imp:3.62 lvl:3.62) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Near Vision (imp:3.62 lvl:3.75) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.62 lvl:3.12) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:3.50 lvl:3.75) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.50 lvl:3.38) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Originality (imp:3.38 lvl:3.62) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:3.38 lvl:4.12) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Number Facility (imp:3.25 lvl:3.88) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Selective Attention (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Far Vision (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Perceptual Speed (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Time Sharing (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.62 lvl:2.38) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.62 lvl:2.62) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Memorization (imp:2.25 lvl:2.50) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.25 lvl:2.38) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Control Precision (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Depth Perception (imp:2.12 lvl:2.38) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Spatial Orientation (imp:2.00 lvl:1.25) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:2.00 lvl:1.38) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Finger Dexterity (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Reaction Time (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Manual Dexterity (imp:1.88 lvl:1.25) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Response Orientation (imp:1.88 lvl:0.88) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Rate Control (imp:1.88 lvl:1.00) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Static Strength (imp:1.88 lvl:1.00) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Trunk Strength (imp:1.88 lvl:1.38) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.88 lvl:0.88) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Extent Flexibility (imp:1.75 lvl:0.88) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Sound Localization (imp:1.75 lvl:0.75) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.62 lvl:0.75) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Dynamic Strength (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Stamina (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Night Vision (imp:1.50 lvl:0.62) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Working with Computers (imp:4.70 lvl:5.30) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:4.55 lvl:6.05) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:4.50 lvl:5.90) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Getting Information (imp:4.45 lvl:5.25) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:4.45 lvl:6.10) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Processing Information (imp:4.35 lvl:5.80) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:4.32 lvl:5.11) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:4.30 lvl:5.55) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Thinking Creatively (imp:4.30 lvl:6.00) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:4.20 lvl:5.70) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:4.20 lvl:5.40) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:4.10 lvl:4.60) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:4.05 lvl:5.25) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:4.00 lvl:5.20) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:4.00 lvl:5.25) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:3.95 lvl:5.05) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:3.95 lvl:5.25) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:3.85 lvl:4.80) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.85 lvl:5.26) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:3.84 lvl:4.95) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:3.75 lvl:4.85) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:3.70 lvl:4.90) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:3.35 lvl:4.40) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:3.32 lvl:4.68) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:3.20 lvl:4.30) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:3.15 lvl:4.50) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:3.15 lvl:4.05) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:3.05 lvl:4.15) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:2.95 lvl:3.75) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:2.85 lvl:3.20) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:2.85 lvl:4.10) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:2.84 lvl:3.80) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:2.75 lvl:3.80) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:2.65 lvl:3.70) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:2.65 lvl:3.55) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:2.65 lvl:3.15) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:2.58 lvl:3.60) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:2.35 lvl:3.45) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:2.35 lvl:3.35) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:2.30 lvl:2.70) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:2.20 lvl:2.35) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Dependability (imp:4.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Attention to Detail (imp:3.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.50) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Innovation (imp:2.36) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Dependability (imp:2.36) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:2.20) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:2.00) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Cautiousness (imp:1.99) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Integrity (imp:1.99) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Achievement Orientation (imp:1.95) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Adaptability (imp:1.83) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence (imp:1.73) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance (imp:1.70) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Cooperation (imp:1.60) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Initiative (imp:1.53) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Leadership Orientation (imp:1.53) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:1.26) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Self-Control (imp:1.16) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Social Orientation (imp:1.11) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Innovation (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Stress Tolerance (imp:0.97) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Sincerity (imp:0.96) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Optimism (imp:0.69) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Humility (imp:0.53) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Empathy (imp:0.45) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Achievement Orientation () — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Cautiousness () — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Integrity () — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:3.88 lvl:4.12) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Systems Evaluation (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Systems Analysis (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Coordination (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Operations Monitoring (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Instructing (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Operations Analysis (imp:3.00 lvl:3.25) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Time Management (imp:3.00 lvl:3.38) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Persuasion (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Negotiation (imp:2.75 lvl:3.00) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Service Orientation (imp:2.75 lvl:3.00) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Technology Design (imp:2.75 lvl:3.00) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Operation and Control (imp:2.62 lvl:2.38) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:2.50 lvl:2.62) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:2.25 lvl:2.25) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Troubleshooting (imp:2.12 lvl:2.25) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Programming (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Management of Material Resources (imp:2.00 lvl:2.12) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Equipment Selection (imp:1.88 lvl:1.75) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.88 lvl:1.25) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Repairing (imp:1.88 lvl:1.12) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 1,480
  annual_median    : $98,590
  annual_pct10     : $68,060
  annual_pct25     : $82,260
  annual_pct75     : $124,880
  annual_pct90     : $166,460
  annual_mean      : $108,230
  hourly_median    : $47.40

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : Ohio ($119,250)
  lowest_state     : Puerto Rico ($40,690)
  dispersion_ratio : 2.931x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (12 total) ---
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:      410  median: $  98,710
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:      400  median: $ 102,900
  Educational Services                     emp:      200  median: $  86,970
  Manufacturing                            emp:      170  median: $  96,290
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:      120  median: $ 122,770
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:       80  median: $  88,650
  Utilities                                emp:       30  median: $  82,290

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (7 total) ---
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:      410  median: $  98,710
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:      400  median: $ 102,900
  Educational Services                     emp:      200  median: $  86,970
  Manufacturing                            emp:      170  median: $  96,290
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:      120  median: $ 122,770
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:       80  median: $  88,650
  Utilities                                emp:       30  median: $  82,290

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Agricultural engineering
match_score        : 0.9130
wikidata_qid       : Q12159342
word_count         : 1,063
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_engineering
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T20:29:38.868637Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
Agricultural engineering, also known as agricultural and biosystems engineering, is the field of study and application of engineering science and designs principles for agriculture purposes, combining the various disciplines of mechanical, civil, electrical, food science, environmental, software, and chemical engineering to improve the efficiency of farms and agribusiness enterprises as well as to ensure sustainability of natural and renewable resources.
An agricultural engineer is an engineer with an agriculture background. Agricultural engineers make the engineering designs and plans in an agricultural project, usually in partnership with an agriculturist who is more proficient in farming and agricultural science.


== History ==

The first use of agricultural engineering was the introduction of irrigation in large scale agriculture in the Nile and the Euphrates rivers before 2000 B.C. Large irrigation structures were also present in Baluchistan and India before Christian era. In other parts of Asia, agricultural engineering was heavily present in China. In South America irrigation was practiced in Peru by the Incas and in North America by the Aztecs.

The earliest plough was the ard or scratch-plough.
Settlers practiced irrigation in the vicinity of San Antonio in 1715, the Mormons practiced irrigation in Salt Lake Valley in 1847.
With growing mechanization and steam power in the Industrial Revolution, a new age in agricultural engineering began. Over the course of the Industrial Revolution, mechanical harvesters and planters would replace field hands in most of the food and cash crop industries. Mechanical threshing was introduced in 1761 by John Lloyd, Magnus Strindberg and Dietrich. Beater bar threshing machine was built by Andrew Meikle in 1786. A cast iron plow was first made by Charles Newbold between 1790 and 1796.

James Smith constructed a mower in 1811. George Berry used a steam combine harvester in 1886. John Deere made his first steel plow in 1833. The two horse cultivator was first about 1861.

The introduction of these engineering concepts into the field of agriculture allowed for an enormous boost in the productivity of crops, dubbed a "second agricultural revolution" which consisted of:

Shift from peasant subsistence-farming to cash-farming for the market
Technical changes of crop rotations and livestock improvement
Labour being replaced by machinery

In the 20th century, with the rise in reliable engines in airplanes, cropdusters were implemented to disperse pesticides. Benjamin Holt built a combine harvester powered by petrol in 1911. Erwin Peucker constructed bulldog tractors 1936. Deutz-Fahr produced the rotary hay tedder in 1961.
In the late 20th century, genetically modified foods (GMOs) were created, giving another large boost to crop yields and resistance to pests.


== Sub-disciplines ==
Agricultural engineering has many sub-disciplines, the most common of which are listed here:
Agricultural machinery

Agricultural structures

Agricultural surveying

Aquaculture

Biomechanics and ergonomics

Forestry engineering

Irrigation

Land development

Pesticides

Precision agriculture

Soil management


== Roles of agricultural engineers ==

Agricultural engineers may perform tasks such as planning, supervising, and managing the building of dairy effluent schemes, irrigation, drainage, flood water control systems, performing environmental impact assessments, agricultural product processing and interpret research results and implement relevant practices. A large percentage of agricultural engineers work in academia or for government agencies. Some are consultants employed by private engineering firms, while others work in industry for manufacturers of agricultural machinery, equipment, processing technology, and structures for housing livestock and storing crops. Agricultural engineers work in production, sales, management, research and development, or applied science.


=== Armenia ===
In 2006, Armenia's agricultural sector accounted for about 20 percent of the GDP. By 2010, it grew to about 25 percent. This was and is higher than in Armenia's neighboring countries of Georgia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Iran, in which the contribution of agriculture to the GDP in 2017 was 6.88, 5.63, 6.08, and 9.05 percent, respectively.


=== Philippines ===
In the Philippines, the professional designation is registered agricultural and biosystems engineer'. These engineers are licensed and accredited after successfully passing the Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Licensure Examination. A prospective agricultural and biosystems engineer must have a four-year Bachelor of Science in Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering.
The practice of agricultural and biosystems engineering also includes the following:

Consultation, valuation, investigation, and management services on agricultural and biosystems engineering;
Management or supervision and the preparation of engineering designs, plans, specifications, project studies, and estimates for agricultural and biosystems, aquaculture and fishery, forest product machinery, agricultural and biosystems buildings and structures, farm electrification and energy systems, agricultural and biosystems processing equipment, irrigation, and soils conservation systems and facilities, agricultural and biosystems waste utilization systems and facilities;
Conducting research and development, training and extension work, and consultancy services on agricultural and biosystems engineering facilities/services, systems, and technologies;
Testing, evaluation, and inspection of agricultural and biosystems, fishery and forest product machinery, and other related agricultural and biosystems engineering facilities and equipment.
Management, manufacturing, and marketing of agricultural and biosystems machinery and other related agricultural and biosystems engineering facilities and equipment;
Teaching agricultural and biosystems engineering subjects in institutions of learning in the Philippines;
Employment with the government provided such item or position requires the knowledge and expertise of an agricultural and biosystems engineer.


=== United Kingdom ===
In the United Kingdom, the term agricultural engineer is often also used to describe a person who repairs or modifies agricultural equipment.


=== United States ===
The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, now known as the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE), was founded in 1907. It is a leading organization in the agricultural engineering field. The ASABE provides safety and regulatory standards for the agricultural industry. These standards and regulations are developed on an international scale for fertilizers, soil conditions, fisheries, biofuels, biogas, feed machinery, tractors, and machinery.


== See also ==

Agricultural education
Agricultural science
Agronomy
Bioresource engineering
Biosystems engineering
Copper alloys in aquaculture
Industrial agriculture
Institution of Agricultural Engineers
List of agricultural journals
List of agricultural machinery
Mechanized agriculture
Water softening


== References ==


== Further reading ==
Brown, R.H. (ed). (1988). CRC handbook of engineering in agriculture. Boca Raton, FL.: CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-3860-3.
Field, H. L., Solie, J. B., & Roth, L. O. (2007). Introduction to agricultural engineering technology: a problem solving approach. New York: Springer. ISBN 0-387-36913-9.
Stewart, Robert E. (1979). Seven decades that changed America: a history of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 1907-1977. St. Joseph, Mich.: ASAE. OCLC 5947727.
DeForest, S. S. (2007). The vision that cut drugery from farming forever. St. Joseph, Mich.: ASAE. ISBN 1-892769-61-1.

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (similarity: 0.5570)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Society_of_Agricultural_and_Biological_Engineers
  QID: Q297202
  Extract: The American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) is an international professional society devoted to agricultural and biological engineering. It was founded in December 1907 at the University of Wisconsin–Madison as the American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE) and is no

  Title: International Commission of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering (similarity: 0.4719)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Commission_of_Agricultural_and_Biosystems_Engineering
  QID: Q868064
  Extract: International Commission of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering – CIGR founded in 1930 in Liège, Belgium, is "an international, non-governmental, non-profit organization consisting of a network of Regional and National Societies of Agricultural Engineering as well as private and public companies

  Title: Károly Ereky (similarity: 0.2941)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1roly_Ereky
  QID: Q990568
  Extract: Károly Ereky was a Hungarian agricultural engineer. The term 'biotechnology' was coined by him in 1919. He is regarded by some as the "father" of biotechnology.

  Title: Mohammed Shia' al-Sudani (similarity: 0.2609)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Shia'_al-Sudani
  QID: Q3700793
  Extract: Mohammed Shia' al-Sudani is an Iraqi politician and former agricultural engineer who served as the prime minister of Iraq from 2022 to 2026. Towards the end of his term, he also served temporarily as the acting minister of defence. Prior to his premiership, he held a number of ministerial positions;

  Title: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (similarity: 0.4815)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_and_Agri-Food_Canada
  QID: Q1046164
  Extract: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada is the department of the Government of Canada responsible for the federal regulation of agriculture, including policies governing the production, processing, and marketing of all farm, food, and agri-based products. Agriculture in Canada is a shared jurisdiction and 

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong data support from detailed O*NET profile with specific tasks, comprehensive skill/knowledge data, and clear BLS wage statistics. Wikipedia exact match provides additional validation of the field definition.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T14:29:19.273210+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,603
tokens_output        : 4,301
cost_usd             : $0.047022
wikipedia_used       : True
wikipedia_title      : Agricultural engineering
wikipedia_note       : The Wikipedia match confirms agricultural engineering as a distinct field combining multiple engineering disciplines for agricultural applications. The semantic neighbors highlight professional organizations and the historical development of biotechnology within this field.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Agricultural Engineers apply engineering principles to solve agricultural problems, designing equipment, systems, and structures for farming operations. They combine mechanical, electrical, and biological knowledge to improve agricultural efficiency, sustainability, and productivity. These professionals work on power machinery, irrigation systems, crop storage facilities, and environmental conservation solutions for the agricultural sector.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
Agricultural Engineers spend significant time working with computers to design systems and analyze data, creating technical drawings and specifications for agricultural equipment or facilities. They visit farm sites to assess environmental conditions, consult with contractors during construction, and monitor project implementation. Client meetings with farmers, regional councils, and developers are frequent to understand specific agricultural needs and constraints. Testing machinery and equipment ensures performance standards are met, while they also design specialized instrumentation for studying plant and animal life. Documentation of findings and preparation of detailed reports, proposals, and budgets constitute a major portion of their analytical work.

WHO THRIVES:
Individuals with strong realistic and investigative interests excel in this field, enjoying hands-on problem-solving combined with scientific analysis. Those who thrive possess exceptional attention to detail and dependability, as agricultural systems require precise engineering and reliable operation. Strong mathematical and scientific reasoning abilities are essential, along with excellent written and oral communication skills for client interactions and technical documentation. The role suits people who are comfortable working both independently on technical designs and collaboratively with diverse stakeholders including farmers, contractors, and other engineers.

CAREER ENTRY:
Entry requires a bachelor's degree in agricultural engineering, biosystems engineering, or related engineering disciplines, with 75% of professionals holding this credential. Coursework emphasizes engineering technology, biological sciences, mathematics, physics, and computer applications. Some positions may require advanced degrees, with 20% holding master's or doctoral degrees for research or specialized roles. Internships or cooperative education programs with agricultural companies, government agencies, or research institutions provide valuable practical experience.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Agricultural Engineers can advance to senior engineering positions, project management roles, or technical consulting. Career progression often leads to specialization in areas like precision agriculture, environmental engineering, or biofuels development. Many transition into management positions overseeing agricultural production operations or become independent consultants. Advanced degree holders may pursue research careers in academia or lead product development teams at agricultural equipment manufacturers.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
The field employs 1,480 professionals nationwide with a median annual wage of $98,590 according to BLS OEWS May 2025. Wages range from $68,060 at the 10th percentile to $166,460 at the 90th percentile, with significant geographic variation from $40,690 in Puerto Rico to $119,250 in Ohio. Major employment sectors include professional and technical services (410 employed), government agencies (400 employed), and educational institutions (200 employed). The concentration in government roles reflects the field's involvement in agricultural policy, conservation programs, and research initiatives. Limited employment numbers indicate this is a specialized profession with selective hiring.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
Agricultural Engineers face moderate automation risk as their work heavily involves complex problem-solving, systems analysis, and client consultation that require human judgment. While computer-aided design tools and analysis software will continue advancing, the core activities of evaluating site-specific agricultural problems, designing custom solutions, and managing stakeholder relationships remain difficult to automate. The emerging use of agricultural drones and precision agriculture technologies actually increases demand for engineers who can integrate these innovations into farming operations.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [knowledge_overlap] Environmental Engineers (17-2081.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles share high importance ratings for environmental problem-solving, with Agricultural Engineers providing advice on water quality and pollution management similar to Environmental Engineers.
    data: Provide advice on water quality and issues related to pollution management
    data: Environmental Engineers listed as Primary-Short related occupation
  [knowledge_overlap] Soil and Plant Scientists (19-1013.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Agricultural Engineers require high-level Biology knowledge (importance 4.1, level 5.2) and design instrumentation to study plant life, creating natural collaboration with Soil and Plant Scientists.
    data: Biology knowledge importance 4.1
    data: Design sensing, measuring, and recording devices used to study plant or animal life
  [skill_overlap] Industrial Engineers (17-2112.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both roles emphasize Systems Analysis and Evaluation skills, with Agricultural Engineers analyzing agricultural systems and Industrial Engineers optimizing production systems.
    data: Systems Analysis transferable skill importance 3.8
    data: Industrial Engineers listed as Primary-Long related occupation
  [career_pathway] Farmers, Ranchers, and Other Agricultural Managers (11-9013.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Agricultural Engineers frequently meet with farmers and agricultural managers as clients, representing a natural career transition from technical engineering to agricultural management roles.
    data: Meet with clients, such as district or regional councils, farmers, and developers
    data: Farmers, Ranchers, and Other Agricultural Managers listed as Primary-Long related occupation
  [task_similarity] Precision Agriculture Technicians (19-4012.01) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles involve testing agricultural machinery and equipment, with Agricultural Engineers designing systems that Precision Agriculture Technicians implement and maintain.
    data: Test agricultural machinery and equipment to ensure adequate performance
    data: Use agricultural drones for crop monitoring emerging task
  [riasec_cluster] Conservation Scientists (19-1031.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both roles exhibit strong Realistic and Investigative RIASEC profiles, focusing on environmental problem-solving and scientific analysis in natural resource management.
    data: RIASEC profile R:6.65, I:6.29
    data: Plan and direct construction of irrigation, drainage, and flood control systems

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['agricultural engineer', 'agricultural engineering', 'biosystems engineer', 'farm equipment engineer', 'agricultural systems specialist', 'agricultural production engineer', 'agricultural research engineer', 'conservation engineer']
  exclude_keywords : ['software engineer', 'mechanical engineer', 'civil engineer', 'chemical engineer', 'electrical engineer']
  title_patterns   : ['Agricultural * Engineer', '* Agricultural Engineer', 'Biosystems Engineer', 'Farm Equipment Engineer', 'Agricultural Systems *']
  common_variations: ['agricultural engineer', 'agricultural and biosystems engineer', 'ag engineer', 'agricultural equipment engineer', 'agricultural systems engineer', 'biosystems engineer', 'agricultural production engineer', 'farm engineer']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['agricultural', 'engineering', 'tendency', 'others', 'equipment', 'engineers', 'biosystems', 'design', 'principles', 'control', 'management', 'agriculture', 'activities', 'includes', 'problems', 'machinery', 'mechanical', 'structures', 'processing', 'production']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
agricultural               89  0.02602  wikipedia            wikipedia:74%  inference:21%  onet_tasks:4%
engineering                45  0.01315  wikipedia            wikipedia:73%  inference:22%  onet_dimensions:4%
tendency                   42  0.01228  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
others                     40  0.01169  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:95%  dwas:2%  wikipedia:2%
equipment                  38  0.01111  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:61%  wikipedia:13%  dwas:11%
engineers                  23  0.00672  wikipedia            wikipedia:70%  inference:26%  onet_tasks:4%
biosystems                 21  0.00614  wikipedia            wikipedia:95%  inference:5%
design                     20  0.00585  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:30%  onet_dimensions:30%  dwas:25%
principles                 18  0.00526  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  wikipedia:6%  inference:6%
control                    16  0.00468  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:75%  onet_tasks:19%  wikipedia:6%
management                 16  0.00468  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:44%  wikipedia:31%  onet_tasks:12%
agriculture                16  0.00468  wikipedia            wikipedia:81%  inference:12%  onet_tasks:6%
activities                 14  0.00409  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:64%  dwas:21%  onet_tasks:7%
includes                   14  0.00409  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:86%  wikipedia:14%
problems                   13  0.00380  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:69%  inference:15%  onet_tasks:8%
machinery                  13  0.00380  wikipedia            wikipedia:69%  onet_tasks:15%  inference:15%
mechanical                 13  0.00380  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:38%  dwas:23%  wikipedia:23%
structures                 12  0.00351  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:42%  wikipedia:33%  onet_tasks:8%
processing                 12  0.00351  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:33%  wikipedia:33%  onet_tasks:25%
production                 12  0.00351  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  wikipedia:17%  dwas:8%
standards                  12  0.00351  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  wikipedia:25%  inference:8%
objects                    12  0.00351  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
irrigation                 11  0.00321  wikipedia            wikipedia:73%  onet_tasks:18%  inference:9%
resources                  11  0.00321  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:82%  onet_tasks:9%  wikipedia:9%
technical                  11  0.00321  inference            inference:45%  onet_dimensions:27%  dwas:18%
materials                  11  0.00321  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:91%  dwas:9%
ideas                      11  0.00321  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
environmental              10  0.00292  dwas                 dwas:30%  inference:30%  onet_tasks:20%
needs                      10  0.00292  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:80%  onet_tasks:10%  inference:10%
performance                10  0.00292  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:70%  onet_tasks:10%  dwas:10%
operations                 10  0.00292  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:60%  inference:30%  onet_tasks:10%
research                   10  0.00292  wikipedia            wikipedia:40%  inference:40%  onet_tasks:10%
problem                    10  0.00292  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:70%  inference:20%  wikipedia:10%
techniques                 10  0.00292  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
services                   10  0.00292  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:60%  wikipedia:30%  inference:10%
body                       10  0.00292  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
society                    10  0.00292  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
monitoring                  9  0.00263  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  onet_tasks:11%
procedures                  9  0.00263  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  dwas:11%
human                       9  0.00263  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:78%  wikipedia:11%  inference:11%