[Core] [23% incumbents] Evaluate the safety, efficiency, and effectiveness of biomedical equipment.
  DWAs: Evaluate characteristics of equipment or systems.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Prepare technical reports, data summary documents, or research articles for scientific publication, regulatory submissions, or patent applications.
  DWAs: Prepare technical reports for internal use. | Prepare contracts, disclosures, or applications.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Design or develop medical diagnostic or clinical instrumentation, equipment, or procedures, using the principles of engineering and biobehavioral sciences.
  DWAs: Design medical devices or appliances.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Conduct research, along with life scientists, chemists, and medical scientists, on the engineering aspects of the biological systems of humans and animals.
  DWAs: Research engineering aspects of biological or chemical processes.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Adapt or design computer hardware or software for medical science uses.
  DWAs: Develop software or computer applications.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Maintain databases of experiment characteristics or results.
  DWAs: Maintain operational records or records systems.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Develop statistical models or simulations, using statistical or modeling software.
  DWAs: Create models of engineering designs or methods.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Read current scientific or trade literature to stay abreast of scientific, industrial, or technological advances.
  DWAs: Update technical knowledge.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Manage teams of engineers by creating schedules, tracking inventory, creating or using budgets, or overseeing contract obligations or deadlines.
  DWAs: Supervise engineering or other technical personnel.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Develop models or computer simulations of human biobehavioral systems to obtain data for measuring or controlling life processes.
  DWAs: Create models of engineering designs or methods.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Design or conduct follow-up experimentation, based on generated data, to meet established process objectives.
  DWAs: Research engineering aspects of biological or chemical processes.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Write documents describing protocols, policies, standards for use, maintenance, and repair of medical equipment.
  DWAs: Prepare procedural documents.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Communicate with bioregulatory authorities regarding licensing or compliance responsibilities.
  DWAs: Communicate technical information to suppliers, contractors, or regulatory agencies.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Develop methodologies for transferring procedures or biological processes from laboratories to commercial-scale manufacturing production.
  DWAs: Develop technical methods or processes.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Collaborate with manufacturing or quality assurance staff to prepare product specification or safety sheets, standard operating procedures, user manuals, or qualification and validation reports.
  DWAs: Confer with technical personnel to prepare designs or operational plans.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Research new materials to be used for products, such as implanted artificial organs.
  DWAs: Research engineering aspects of biological or chemical processes.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Prepare project plans for equipment or facility improvements, including time lines, budgetary estimates, or capital spending requests.
  DWAs: Estimate operational costs. | Estimate time requirements for development or production projects. | Prepare detailed work plans.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Consult with chemists or biologists to develop or evaluate novel technologies.
  DWAs: Confer with technical personnel to prepare designs or operational plans.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Confer with research and biomanufacturing personnel to ensure the compatibility of design and production.
  DWAs: Confer with technical personnel to prepare designs or operational plans.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Recommend process formulas, instrumentation, or equipment specifications, based on results of bench or pilot experimentation.
  DWAs: Recommend technical design or process changes to improve efficiency, quality, or performance.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Communicate with suppliers regarding the design or specifications of bioproduction equipment, instrumentation, or materials.
  DWAs: Communicate technical information to suppliers, contractors, or regulatory agencies.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Conduct training or in-services to educate clinicians and other personnel on proper use of equipment.
  DWAs: Train personnel on proper operational procedures.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Advise hospital administrators on the planning, acquisition, and use of medical equipment.
  DWAs: Advise customers on the use of products or services.

[Supplemental] [23% incumbents] Analyze new medical procedures to forecast likely outcomes.
  DWAs: Analyze operational data to evaluate operations, processes or products.

[Supplemental] [23% incumbents] Design and deliver technology, such as prosthetic devices, to assist people with disabilities.
  DWAs: Design medical devices or appliances.

[Supplemental] [23% incumbents] Advise manufacturing staff regarding problems with fermentation, filtration, or other bioproduction processes.
  DWAs: Recommend technical design or process changes to improve efficiency, quality, or performance.

[Supplemental] [23% incumbents] Review existing manufacturing processes to identify opportunities for yield improvement or reduced process variation.
  DWAs: Research engineering aspects of biological or chemical processes.

[Supplemental] [23% incumbents] Develop bioremediation processes to reduce pollution, protect the environment, or treat waste products.
  DWAs: Develop operational methods or processes that use green materials or emphasize sustainability.

[Supplemental] [23% incumbents] Lead studies to examine or recommend changes in process sequences or operation protocols.
  DWAs: Research engineering aspects of biological or chemical processes.

[Supplemental] [23% incumbents] Design or direct bench or pilot production experiments to determine the scale of production methods that optimize product yield and minimize production costs.
  DWAs: Devise research or testing protocols.

--- SKILLS ---
  Reading Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:5.00) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Active Listening (imp:4.00 lvl:4.12) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Writing (imp:4.00 lvl:4.25) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Speaking (imp:4.00 lvl:4.25) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Mathematics (imp:3.88 lvl:4.50) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Science (imp:3.88 lvl:4.62) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
  Critical Thinking (imp:3.88 lvl:4.62) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Active Learning (imp:3.75 lvl:4.62) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Monitoring (imp:3.75 lvl:4.12) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Learning Strategies (imp:3.25 lvl:3.88) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Engineering and Technology (imp:4.57 lvl:6.09) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Computers and Electronics (imp:4.48 lvl:5.83) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Mathematics (imp:4.43 lvl:5.52) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Design (imp:3.95 lvl:5.22) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Physics (imp:3.95 lvl:5.00) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Biology (imp:3.82 lvl:5.26) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  English Language (imp:3.78 lvl:4.48) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:3.74 lvl:4.26) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Education and Training (imp:3.65 lvl:4.96) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Chemistry (imp:3.17 lvl:4.17) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Administration and Management (imp:3.13 lvl:4.00) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Mechanical (imp:2.91 lvl:4.04) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Public Safety and Security (imp:2.78 lvl:3.17) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:2.70 lvl:3.65) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Production and Processing (imp:2.65 lvl:3.22) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Telecommunications (imp:2.57 lvl:2.70) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Administrative (imp:2.35 lvl:2.87) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:2.30 lvl:2.91) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Psychology (imp:2.30 lvl:2.78) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Law and Government (imp:2.30 lvl:2.83) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Communications and Media (imp:2.26 lvl:2.22) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Economics and Accounting (imp:2.09 lvl:2.13) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:2.04 lvl:1.96) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:2.00 lvl:2.50) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Sales and Marketing (imp:1.96 lvl:2.39) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Geography (imp:1.78 lvl:1.74) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Foreign Language (imp:1.74 lvl:1.22) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Building and Construction (imp:1.64 lvl:1.65) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Transportation (imp:1.61 lvl:1.30) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.52 lvl:1.09) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Food Production (imp:1.43 lvl:0.87) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
  Fine Arts (imp:1.43 lvl:0.74) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
  History and Archeology (imp:1.27 lvl:0.59) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi

--- ABILITIES ---
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:4.12 lvl:4.75) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Oral Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.88) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Written Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.88) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Oral Expression (imp:4.00 lvl:4.75) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Written Expression (imp:4.00 lvl:4.75) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:4.00 lvl:4.75) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:4.00 lvl:4.75) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Information Ordering (imp:3.88 lvl:4.12) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Near Vision (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Originality (imp:3.62 lvl:4.38) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.62 lvl:4.38) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Visualization (imp:3.50 lvl:3.75) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.50 lvl:3.50) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Number Facility (imp:3.38 lvl:3.62) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.38 lvl:3.62) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.38 lvl:3.38) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Selective Attention (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Perceptual Speed (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Far Vision (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Memorization (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:2.75 lvl:3.00) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Time Sharing (imp:2.62 lvl:2.25) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:2.62 lvl:2.38) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Manual Dexterity (imp:2.12 lvl:1.88) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Finger Dexterity (imp:2.12 lvl:2.50) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Control Precision (imp:2.12 lvl:2.25) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Depth Perception (imp:2.12 lvl:1.88) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:1.88 lvl:1.75) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:1.75 lvl:1.00) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Trunk Strength (imp:1.62 lvl:1.12) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Extent Flexibility (imp:1.62 lvl:0.62) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Rate Control (imp:1.25 lvl:0.25) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Reaction Time (imp:1.25 lvl:0.38) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Spatial Orientation (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Response Orientation (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Static Strength (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Dynamic Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Stamina (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:1.00) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:1.00) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Night Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Sound Localization (imp:1.00) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Working with Computers (imp:4.70 lvl:5.22) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:4.61 lvl:5.96) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:4.45 lvl:5.57) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Getting Information (imp:4.39 lvl:5.35) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Processing Information (imp:4.35 lvl:6.04) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:4.35 lvl:6.22) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Thinking Creatively (imp:4.26 lvl:6.22) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:4.22 lvl:4.96) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:4.13 lvl:4.74) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:4.09 lvl:5.43) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:4.00 lvl:4.91) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:3.91 lvl:4.78) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:3.78 lvl:4.91) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:3.70 lvl:4.52) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:3.61 lvl:4.52) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.57 lvl:4.22) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:3.52 lvl:3.83) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:3.52 lvl:4.57) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:3.48 lvl:4.04) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:3.48 lvl:4.61) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:3.43 lvl:4.17) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:3.39 lvl:4.35) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:3.39 lvl:4.65) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:3.39 lvl:4.39) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:3.30 lvl:4.61) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:3.22 lvl:4.26) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:3.13 lvl:4.04) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:3.09 lvl:4.55) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:3.09 lvl:3.83) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:3.05 lvl:4.00) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:2.82 lvl:3.57) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:2.74 lvl:3.74) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:2.65 lvl:3.22) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:2.57 lvl:3.52) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:2.52 lvl:3.39) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:2.17 lvl:2.35) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:2.14 lvl:2.96) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:2.09 lvl:2.13) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:2.09 lvl:2.91) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:1.78 lvl:1.57) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:1.74 lvl:1.39) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Dependability (imp:8.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Attention to Detail (imp:7.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Integrity (imp:6.00) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Cautiousness (imp:5.00) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:4.00) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Achievement Orientation (imp:3.00) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:3.00) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.67) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Innovation (imp:2.51) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Dependability (imp:2.47) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Cautiousness (imp:2.43) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Adaptability (imp:2.25) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Integrity (imp:2.21) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Achievement Orientation (imp:2.14) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Adaptability (imp:2.00) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Cooperation (imp:1.84) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Perseverance (imp:1.74) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Self-Confidence (imp:1.54) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Initiative (imp:1.50) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:1.49) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Leadership Orientation (imp:1.29) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Self-Control (imp:1.28) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Stress Tolerance (imp:1.27) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Innovation (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Social Orientation (imp:0.97) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Sincerity (imp:0.88) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Humility (imp:0.72) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Empathy (imp:0.52) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Optimism (imp:0.49) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:3.88 lvl:4.50) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:3.88 lvl:4.62) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Operations Analysis (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Systems Analysis (imp:3.62 lvl:3.88) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Systems Evaluation (imp:3.50 lvl:4.00) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Technology Design (imp:3.38 lvl:3.75) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Instructing (imp:3.12 lvl:4.00) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Programming (imp:3.12 lvl:3.38) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:3.12 lvl:3.62) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Time Management (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:3.00 lvl:3.25) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Coordination (imp:3.00 lvl:3.38) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Negotiation (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Service Orientation (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Operations Monitoring (imp:2.88 lvl:3.12) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Troubleshooting (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Persuasion (imp:2.75 lvl:3.12) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Equipment Selection (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Repairing (imp:2.50 lvl:2.62) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
  Installation (imp:2.25 lvl:2.25) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Management of Material Resources (imp:2.25 lvl:2.50) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:2.12 lvl:2.38) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Operation and Control (imp:2.00 lvl:2.12) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 23,480
  annual_median    : $109,370
  annual_pct10     : $71,850
  annual_pct25     : $86,980
  annual_pct75     : $136,600
  annual_pct90     : $168,180
  annual_mean      : $116,890
  hourly_median    : $52.58

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : Arizona ($141,230)
  lowest_state     : Arkansas ($67,850)
  dispersion_ratio : 2.082x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (38 total) ---
  Manufacturing                            emp:    6,520  median: $ 116,100
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:    6,500  median: $ 124,320
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:    2,330  median: $ 103,170
  Educational Services                     emp:    1,620  median: $  75,040
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:    1,230  median: $ 128,950
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:      730  median: $ 122,570
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:      670  median: $  95,280
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:      240  median: $ 100,680

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (8 total) ---
  Manufacturing                            emp:    6,520  median: $ 116,100
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:    6,500  median: $ 124,320
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:    2,330  median: $ 103,170
  Educational Services                     emp:    1,620  median: $  75,040
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:    1,230  median: $ 128,950
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:      730  median: $ 122,570
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:      670  median: $  95,280
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:      240  median: $ 100,680

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Biomedical engineering
match_score        : 0.6441
wikidata_qid       : Q327092
word_count         : 5,062
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomedical_engineering
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T20:29:53.015803Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
Biomedical engineering (BME) or medical engineering is the application of engineering principles and design concepts to medicine and biology for healthcare applications (e.g., diagnostic or therapeutic purposes). BME also integrates the logical sciences to advance health care treatment, including diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy. Also included under the scope of a biomedical engineer is the management of current medical equipment in hospitals while adhering to relevant industry standards. This involves procurement, routine testing, preventive maintenance, and making equipment recommendations, a role also known as a Biomedical Equipment Technician (BMET) or as a clinical engineer.
Biomedical engineering has recently emerged as its own field of, as compared to many other engineering fields. Such an evolution is common as a new field transitions from being an interdisciplinary specialization among already-established fields to being considered a field in itself. Much of the work in biomedical engineering consists of research and development, spanning a broad array of subfields (see below). Prominent biomedical engineering applications include the development of biocompatible prostheses, various diagnostic and therapeutic medical devices ranging from clinical equipment to micro-implants, imaging technologies such as MRI and EKG/ECG, regenerative tissue growth, and the development of pharmaceutical drugs including biopharmaceuticals.


== Subfields and related fields ==


=== Bioinformatics ===

Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that develops methods and software tools for understanding biological data. As an interdisciplinary field of science, bioinformatics combines computer science, statistics, mathematics, and engineering to analyze and interpret biological data.
Bioinformatics is considered both an umbrella term for the body of biological studies that use computer programming as part of their methodology, as well as a reference to specific analysis "pipelines" that are repeatedly used, particularly in the field of genomics. Common uses of bioinformatics include the identification of candidate genes and nucleotides (SNPs). Often, such identification is made with the aim of better understanding the genetic basis of disease, unique adaptations, desirable properties (esp. in agricultural species), or differences between populations. In a less formal way, bioinformatics also tries to understand the organizational principles within nucleic acid and protein sequences.


=== Biomechanics ===

Biomechanics is the study of the structure and function of the mechanical aspects of biological systems, at any level from whole organisms to organs, cells and cell organelles, using the methods of mechanics.


=== Biomaterials ===

A biomaterial is any matter, surface, or construct that interacts with living systems. As a science, biomaterials is about fifty years old. The study of biomaterials is called biomaterials science or biomaterials engineering. It has experienced steady and strong growth over its history, with many companies investing large amounts of money into the development of new products. Biomaterials science encompasses elements of medicine, biology, chemistry, tissue engineering and materials science.


=== Biomedical optics ===

Biomedical optics combines the principles of physics, engineering, and biology to study the interaction of biological tissue and light, and how this can be exploited for sensing, imaging, and treatment. It has a wide range of applications, including optical imaging, microscopy, ophthalmoscopy, spectroscopy, and therapy. Examples of biomedical optics techniques and technologies include optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescence microscopy, confocal microscopy, and photodynamic therapy (PDT). OCT, for example, uses light to create high-resolution, three-dimensional images of internal structures, such as the retina in the eye or the coronary arteries in the heart. Fluorescence microscopy involves labeling specific molecules with fluorescent dyes and visualizing them using light, providing insights into biological processes and disease mechanisms. More recently, adaptive optics is helping imaging by correcting aberrations in biological tissue, enabling higher resolution imaging and improved accuracy in procedures such as laser surgery and retinal imaging.


=== Tissue engineering ===

Tissue engineering, like genetic engineering (see below), is a major segment of biotechnology – which overlaps significantly with BME.
One of the goals of tissue engineering is to create artificial organs (via biological material) such as kidneys, livers, for patients that need organ transplants. Biomedical engineers are currently researching methods of creating such organs. Researchers have grown solid jawbones and tracheas from human stem cells towards this end. Several artificial urinary bladders have been grown in laboratories and transplanted successfully into human patients. Bioartificial organs, which use both synthetic and biological component, are also a focus area in research, such as with hepatic assist devices that use liver cells within an artificial bioreactor construct.


== Genetic engineering ==

Genetic engineering, recombinant DNA technology, genetic modification/manipulation (GM) and gene splicing are terms that apply to the direct manipulation of an organism's genes. Unlike traditional breeding, an indirect method of genetic manipulation, genetic engineering utilizes modern tools such as molecular cloning and transformation to directly alter the structure and characteristics of target genes. Genetic engineering techniques have found success in numerous applications. Some examples include the improvement of crop technology (not a medical application, but see biological systems engineering), the manufacture of synthetic human insulin through the use of modified bacteria, the manufacture of erythropoietin in hamster ovary cells, and the production of new types of experimental mice such as the oncomouse (cancer mouse) for research.
=== Neural is a discipline that uses engineering techniques to understand, repair, replace, or enhance neural systems. Neural engineers are uniquely qualified to solve design problems at the interface of living neural tissue and non-living constructs. Neural engineering can assist with numerous things, including the future development of prosthetics. For example, cognitive neural prosthetics (CNP) are being heavily researched and would allow for a chip implant to assist people who have prosthetics by providing signals to operate assistive devices.


=== Pharmaceutical engineering ===
Pharmaceutical engineering is an interdisciplinary science that includes drug engineering, novel drug delivery and targeting, pharmaceutical technology, unit operations of chemical engineering, and pharmaceutical analysis. It may be deemed as a part of pharmacy due to its focus on the use of technology on chemical agents in providing better medicinal treatment.


== Hospital and medical devices ==

This is an extremely broad category—essentially covering all health care products that do not achieve their intended results through predominantly chemical (e.g., pharmaceuticals) or biological (e.g., vaccines) means, and do not involve metabolism.
A medical device is intended for use in:

the diagnosis of disease or other conditions
in the cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease.
Some examples include pacemakers, infusion pumps, the heart-lung machine, dialysis machines, artificial organs, implants, artificial limbs, corrective lenses, cochlear implants, ocular prosthetics, facial prosthetics, somato prosthetics, and dental implants.

Stereolithography is a practical example of medical modeling being used to create physical objects. Beyond modeling organs and the human body, emerging engineering techniques are also currently used in the research and development of new devices for innovative therap

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Biological engineering (similarity: 0.5763)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_engineering
  QID: Q580689
  Extract: Biological engineering or
bioengineering is the application of principles of biology and the tools of engineering to create usable, tangible, economically viable products. Biological engineering employs knowledge and expertise from a number of pure and applied sciences, such as mass and heat transfe

  Title: Software engineering demographics (similarity: 0.3429)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_engineering_demographics
  QID: Q7554291
  Extract: Software engineers make up a significant portion of the global workforce. As of 2022, there are an estimated 26.9 million professional software engineers worldwide, up from 21 million in 2016.

  Title: Danielle Benoit (similarity: 0.1538)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danielle_Benoit
  QID: Q79920245
  Extract: Danielle S.W. Benoit is an American bioengineer and academic administrator. She is the Inaugural Chair of the Department of Bioengineering and the Lorry Lokey Chair at the University of Oregon's Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact. Her research focuses on the design of biomaterials for 

  Title: List of fictional scientists and engineers (similarity: 0.5063)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fictional_scientists_and_engineers
  QID: Q3245081
  Extract: In addition to the archetypical mad scientist, there are fictional characters who are scientists and engineers who go above and beyond the regular demands of their professions to use their skills and knowledge for the betterment of others, often at great personal risk. This is a list of fictional sc

  Title: Max Hodak (similarity: 0.0870)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Hodak
  QID: Q138651959
  Extract: Max Hodak is an American entrepreneur and biomedical engineer. He is the founder and CEO of Science Corporation, a company that develops advanced neural technologies to restore vision and cognition.

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong data coverage across skills, knowledge, abilities, and work activities with clear task definitions and comprehensive wage data from BLS OEWS May 2025.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T14:30:13.967890+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,581
tokens_output        : 4,361
cost_usd             : $0.046103
wikipedia_used       : True
wikipedia_title      : Biomedical engineering
wikipedia_note       : The Wikipedia match confirms the definition as application of engineering principles to medicine and biology for healthcare applications, including diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy. This aligns with the O*NET occupation description and task profiles.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Bioengineers and biomedical engineers apply engineering principles to medicine and biology, designing and developing medical devices, diagnostic equipment, and health systems. They integrate knowledge from engineering, biology, chemistry, and computer science to create solutions for healthcare challenges, from artificial organs to medical information systems. These professionals work at the intersection of technology and medicine, contributing to advances in diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
A biomedical engineer starts their day analyzing data from medical device testing, evaluating the safety and effectiveness of equipment using statistical models and simulations. They spend significant time working with computers, developing software applications for medical science uses and maintaining databases of experimental results. Mid-day involves collaborating with life scientists and medical researchers on engineering aspects of biological processes, preparing technical reports for regulatory submissions. Afternoons often include designing medical diagnostic instruments using CAD software, reading current scientific literature to stay current with technological advances, and communicating findings to supervisors and team members.

WHO THRIVES:
Individuals who excel in this field possess strong investigative personalities, demonstrating high intellectual curiosity and systematic problem-solving approaches. They combine dependability and attention to detail with advanced mathematical and scientific reasoning abilities, particularly inductive and deductive reasoning skills. Successful biomedical engineers maintain integrity and cautiousness when working with life-critical systems, while expressing complex technical concepts clearly through both written and oral communication. Those who thrive demonstrate strong information processing capabilities and creative thinking skills to innovate medical solutions.

CAREER ENTRY:
Entry typically requires a bachelor's degree in biomedical engineering, bioengineering, or related engineering field, with 43.5% of professionals holding bachelor's degrees according to education distribution data. Many positions prefer master's degrees (26.1% of professionals), particularly for research roles or advanced development positions. Coursework emphasizes engineering principles, biology, chemistry, computer science, and biomechanical systems, with hands-on experience through internships or research projects being highly valued.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Career progression often leads to senior engineering roles, research and development management, or specialized technical leadership positions in medical device companies, research institutions, or healthcare organizations. Advanced practitioners may pursue doctoral degrees (13.0% hold PhDs) to lead research teams, become principal investigators, or transition to academic positions. Many professionals advance to manage engineering teams, oversee product development cycles, or establish expertise in emerging areas like nanotechnology or bioinformatics.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
The field employs 23,480 professionals with a median annual wage of $109,370 according to BLS OEWS May 2025 data, ranging from $71,850 to $168,180 across the 10th to 90th percentiles. Geographic variation is significant, with Arizona offering the highest median wages at $141,230 compared to Arkansas at $67,850, representing a 2.08x ratio difference. Employment is concentrated in manufacturing (6,520 positions), professional and technical services (6,500), and healthcare sectors (2,330), reflecting the field's integration across medical device development, research services, and healthcare delivery. Demand is driven by aging populations, advancing medical technology, and the growing integration of digital health solutions.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
While working with computers represents the highest-importance work activity, the role's emphasis on creative thinking, complex problem solving, and interdisciplinary collaboration provides protection against automation. The combination of analyzing biological systems, making critical safety decisions for medical devices, and adapting engineering solutions to unique healthcare challenges requires human judgment and expertise that current AI cannot replicate.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [skill_overlap] Chemical Engineers (17-2041.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles share high-level mathematics knowledge (4.4 vs 4.3 importance), engineering principles, and systems analysis capabilities for product development.
    data: Mathematics knowledge importance 4.4
    data: Engineering and Technology knowledge 4.6
    data: Systems Analysis transferable skill 3.6
  [knowledge_overlap] Biochemists and Biophysicists (19-1021.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Significant overlap in biology knowledge (3.8 importance) and research activities involving life sciences collaboration.
    data: Biology knowledge importance 3.8
    data: Research engineering aspects of biological processes
    data: Collaboration with life scientists
  [task_similarity] Data Scientists (15-2051.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both develop statistical models and simulations using specialized software, with high computer work importance (4.7).
    data: Develop statistical models or simulations
    data: Working with Computers activity importance 4.7
    data: Analyzing Data activity 4.6
  [job_zone] Industrial Engineering Technologists and Technicians (17-3026.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both occupy Job Zone 4 requiring considerable preparation and share engineering evaluation methodologies.
    data: Job Zone 4 classification
    data: Evaluate characteristics of equipment or systems
    data: Engineering and Technology knowledge
  [riasec_cluster] Chemists (19-2031.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both demonstrate high investigative orientation (I:6.75) combined with realistic problem-solving approaches for scientific applications.
    data: RIASEC Investigative score 6.75
    data: Research activities
    data: Science knowledge importance 3.9

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['biomedical engineer', 'bioengineer', 'bioengineering', 'medical device', 'biomechanical', 'clinical instrumentation', 'biomedical equipment', 'healthcare technology']
  exclude_keywords : ['bioinformatics specialist', 'clinical technician', 'medical technologist', 'biostatistician', 'epidemiologist']
  title_patterns   : ['biomedical engineer', 'bioengineering', 'bioengineer', 'biomechanical engineer', 'medical engineer']
  common_variations: ['biomedical engineer', 'biomedical engineering', 'bioengineer', 'bioengineering', 'biomechanical engineer', 'clinical engineer', 'medical device engineer', 'healthcare engineer']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['engineering', 'medical', 'biomedical', 'devices', 'equipment', 'tendency', 'others', 'engineers', 'design', 'bme', 'research', 'principles', 'biological', 'technical', 'device', 'science', 'standards', 'procedures', 'technology', 'university']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
engineering               119  0.02157  wikipedia            wikipedia:82%  inference:8%  dwas:7%
medical                    65  0.01178  wikipedia            wikipedia:69%  inference:17%  onet_tasks:9%
biomedical                 58  0.01051  wikipedia            wikipedia:91%  inference:7%  onet_tasks:2%
devices                    48  0.00870  wikipedia            wikipedia:79%  onet_dimensions:10%  dwas:4%
equipment                  47  0.00852  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:49%  wikipedia:28%  onet_tasks:17%
tendency                   42  0.00761  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
others                     40  0.00725  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:95%  wikipedia:5%
engineers                  33  0.00598  wikipedia            wikipedia:91%  inference:6%  onet_tasks:3%
design                     31  0.00562  wikipedia            wikipedia:45%  onet_tasks:23%  onet_dimensions:19%
bme                        31  0.00562  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
research                   30  0.00544  wikipedia            wikipedia:43%  dwas:20%  inference:20%
principles                 25  0.00453  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:64%  wikipedia:20%  inference:12%
biological                 24  0.00435  wikipedia            wikipedia:62%  dwas:21%  onet_tasks:8%
technical                  22  0.00399  dwas                 dwas:50%  inference:18%  onet_dimensions:14%
device                     22  0.00399  wikipedia            wikipedia:86%  inference:14%
science                    21  0.00381  wikipedia            wikipedia:71%  inference:14%  onet_dimensions:10%
standards                  20  0.00363  wikipedia            wikipedia:55%  onet_dimensions:40%  onet_tasks:5%
procedures                 19  0.00344  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:42%  wikipedia:32%  onet_tasks:21%
technology                 19  0.00344  wikipedia            wikipedia:63%  onet_dimensions:21%  inference:11%
university                 19  0.00344  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
clinical                   18  0.00326  wikipedia            wikipedia:94%  onet_tasks:6%
products                   18  0.00326  wikipedia            wikipedia:50%  onet_dimensions:28%  onet_tasks:11%
quality                    16  0.00290  wikipedia            wikipedia:44%  onet_dimensions:38%  dwas:12%
management                 16  0.00290  wikipedia            wikipedia:50%  onet_dimensions:44%  inference:6%
body                       16  0.00290  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:62%  wikipedia:38%
programs                   16  0.00290  wikipedia            wikipedia:75%  onet_dimensions:25%
development                16  0.00290  wikipedia            wikipedia:69%  inference:25%  dwas:6%
applications               15  0.00272  wikipedia            wikipedia:40%  onet_dimensions:27%  dwas:13%
human                      15  0.00272  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:47%  wikipedia:40%  onet_tasks:7%
production                 15  0.00272  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:53%  onet_tasks:33%  dwas:7%
product                    15  0.00272  wikipedia            wikipedia:67%  onet_tasks:13%  onet_dimensions:13%
materials                  15  0.00272  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  onet_tasks:13%  wikipedia:13%
many                       15  0.00272  wikipedia            wikipedia:87%  inference:13%
include                    15  0.00272  wikipedia            wikipedia:93%  inference:7%
includes                   14  0.00254  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:86%  wikipedia:14%
techniques                 14  0.00254  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:71%  wikipedia:29%
tissue                     14  0.00254  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
safety                     13  0.00236  wikipedia            wikipedia:62%  onet_tasks:15%  inference:15%
services                   13  0.00236  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:46%  wikipedia:23%  inference:15%
problems                   13  0.00236  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:69%  wikipedia:23%  onet_tasks:8%