[Core] [23% incumbents] Develop safety procedures to be employed by workers operating equipment or working in close proximity to ongoing chemical reactions.
  DWAs: Develop safety standards, policies, or procedures.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Troubleshoot problems with chemical manufacturing processes.
  DWAs: Determine causes of operational problems or failures.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Monitor and analyze data from processes and experiments.
  DWAs: Research engineering aspects of biological or chemical processes.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Evaluate chemical equipment and processes to identify ways to optimize performance or to ensure compliance with safety and environmental regulations.
  DWAs: Evaluate characteristics of equipment or systems.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Design and plan layout of equipment.
  DWAs: Design industrial processing systems.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Prepare estimate of production costs and production progress reports for management.
  DWAs: Estimate operational costs. | Prepare operational reports.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Perform tests and monitor performance of processes throughout stages of production to determine degree of control over variables such as temperature, density, specific gravity, and pressure.
  DWAs: Monitor the productivity or efficiency of industrial operations. | Conduct validation tests of equipment or processes.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Conduct research to develop new and improved chemical manufacturing processes.
  DWAs: Research engineering aspects of biological or chemical processes.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Determine most effective arrangement of operations such as mixing, crushing, heat transfer, distillation, and drying.
  DWAs: Determine operational methods.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Develop processes to separate components of liquids or gases or generate electrical currents, using controlled chemical processes.
  DWAs: Develop technical methods or processes.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Design measurement and control systems for chemical plants based on data collected in laboratory experiments and in pilot plant operations.
  DWAs: Design control systems for mechanical or other equipment.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Perform laboratory studies of steps in manufacture of new products and test proposed processes in small-scale operation, such as a pilot plant.
  DWAs: Research industrial processes or operations. | Conduct validation tests of equipment or processes.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Develop computer models of chemical processes.
  DWAs: Research engineering aspects of biological or chemical processes. | Design computer modeling or simulation programs.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Direct activities of workers who operate or are engaged in constructing and improving absorption, evaporation, or electromagnetic equipment.
  DWAs: Direct industrial production activities.

[EMERGING:New] Adapt processes to convert from small-scale laboratory operations to large-scale commercial production.

[EMERGING:New] Develop process flow diagrams or pipe and instrumentation diagrams.

--- SKILLS ---
  Science (imp:4.12 lvl:5.12) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
  Critical Thinking (imp:4.12 lvl:5.00) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Reading Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.38) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Active Learning (imp:3.88 lvl:4.75) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Mathematics (imp:3.75 lvl:4.75) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Speaking (imp:3.50 lvl:4.00) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Active Listening (imp:3.25 lvl:4.00) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Writing (imp:3.12 lvl:4.00) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Monitoring (imp:3.12 lvl:3.88) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Learning Strategies (imp:2.88 lvl:3.50) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Engineering and Technology (imp:4.78 lvl:6.39) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Chemistry (imp:4.65 lvl:5.78) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Mathematics (imp:4.26 lvl:5.43) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Design (imp:4.00 lvl:5.43) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Physics (imp:3.96 lvl:5.13) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Production and Processing (imp:3.95 lvl:4.61) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  English Language (imp:3.74 lvl:4.13) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Computers and Electronics (imp:3.17 lvl:4.65) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Mechanical (imp:3.05 lvl:3.91) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Administration and Management (imp:2.83 lvl:3.96) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Public Safety and Security (imp:2.78 lvl:2.83) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Education and Training (imp:2.70 lvl:4.26) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Building and Construction (imp:2.61 lvl:3.22) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Economics and Accounting (imp:2.57 lvl:2.70) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Law and Government (imp:2.30 lvl:2.86) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:2.17 lvl:2.87) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Communications and Media (imp:2.04 lvl:1.96) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Biology (imp:1.96 lvl:2.17) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Administrative (imp:1.91 lvl:2.26) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Sales and Marketing (imp:1.91 lvl:2.30) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:1.87 lvl:2.09) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Transportation (imp:1.70 lvl:1.65) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Telecommunications (imp:1.65 lvl:1.26) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Food Production (imp:1.52 lvl:1.22) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
  Geography (imp:1.52 lvl:1.57) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Psychology (imp:1.48 lvl:1.39) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Foreign Language (imp:1.35 lvl:0.70) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:1.26 lvl:0.48) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  History and Archeology (imp:1.17 lvl:0.52) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:1.09 lvl:0.17) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.09 lvl:0.26) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.09 lvl:0.17) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Fine Arts (imp:1.04 lvl:0.09) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform

--- ABILITIES ---
  Oral Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:5.00) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Written Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:5.00) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Oral Expression (imp:4.00 lvl:4.38) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:4.00 lvl:4.62) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:4.00 lvl:5.00) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:4.00 lvl:4.88) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Information Ordering (imp:4.00 lvl:4.38) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Category Flexibility (imp:4.00 lvl:5.00) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Near Vision (imp:3.75 lvl:3.88) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Number Facility (imp:3.62 lvl:4.00) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:3.50 lvl:4.00) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Originality (imp:3.50 lvl:4.00) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.50 lvl:3.62) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Written Expression (imp:3.25 lvl:4.00) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Perceptual Speed (imp:3.12 lvl:3.62) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Visualization (imp:3.12 lvl:3.75) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.12 lvl:3.75) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Speed of Closure (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Selective Attention (imp:3.00 lvl:3.25) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Far Vision (imp:3.00 lvl:3.62) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:2.88 lvl:3.38) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Memorization (imp:2.62 lvl:2.75) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.62 lvl:2.62) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Time Sharing (imp:2.50 lvl:2.12) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Depth Perception (imp:2.00 lvl:2.12) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.00 lvl:2.12) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:1.88 lvl:0.88) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Trunk Strength (imp:1.88 lvl:1.25) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Control Precision (imp:1.75 lvl:0.75) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Reaction Time (imp:1.75 lvl:0.75) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:1.75 lvl:0.88) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Finger Dexterity (imp:1.62 lvl:1.25) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Rate Control (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Manual Dexterity (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Spatial Orientation (imp:1.00) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:1.00) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Response Orientation (imp:1.00) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Static Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Dynamic Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Stamina (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Extent Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:1.00) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:1.00) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Night Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Sound Localization (imp:1.00) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:4.70 lvl:5.48) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Working with Computers (imp:4.52 lvl:4.09) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Getting Information (imp:4.39 lvl:5.13) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:4.36 lvl:5.26) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:4.33 lvl:5.14) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:4.18 lvl:5.30) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Processing Information (imp:4.17 lvl:5.50) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:4.10 lvl:4.83) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:3.83 lvl:4.91) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:3.81 lvl:4.86) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:3.74 lvl:5.17) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:3.70 lvl:5.22) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:3.70 lvl:4.74) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:3.70 lvl:4.91) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:3.65 lvl:4.39) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:3.59 lvl:4.17) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:3.52 lvl:4.52) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Thinking Creatively (imp:3.48 lvl:4.78) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:3.45 lvl:4.35) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:3.43 lvl:4.09) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:3.36 lvl:4.00) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.26 lvl:4.30) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:3.22 lvl:4.13) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:3.17 lvl:4.26) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:3.14 lvl:3.74) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:3.04 lvl:4.13) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:3.00 lvl:4.17) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:2.91 lvl:3.91) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:2.83 lvl:3.91) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:2.57 lvl:3.48) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:2.39 lvl:2.91) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:2.30 lvl:2.96) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:2.30 lvl:2.78) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:2.13 lvl:2.57) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:2.05 lvl:2.35) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:2.04 lvl:2.13) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:1.83 lvl:2.17) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:1.83 lvl:1.83) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:1.82 lvl:2.22) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:1.65 lvl:1.39) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:1.41 lvl:1.13) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Dependability (imp:7.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Attention to Detail (imp:6.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Integrity (imp:5.00) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Cautiousness (imp:4.00) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:3.00) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.67) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Cautiousness (imp:2.62) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Dependability (imp:2.59) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Innovation (imp:2.42) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:2.37) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Achievement Orientation (imp:2.14) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Integrity (imp:2.10) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Achievement Orientation (imp:2.00) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Adaptability (imp:1.83) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Stress Tolerance (imp:1.70) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Perseverance (imp:1.61) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Self-Confidence (imp:1.57) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Initiative (imp:1.44) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:1.43) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Self-Control (imp:1.31) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Leadership Orientation (imp:1.21) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Cooperation (imp:1.20) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Innovation (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Sincerity (imp:0.62) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Social Orientation (imp:0.47) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Optimism (imp:0.24) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Humility (imp:0.10) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Empathy (imp:0.08) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:4.00 lvl:4.38) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:3.88 lvl:4.62) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Systems Analysis (imp:3.88 lvl:4.12) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Systems Evaluation (imp:3.88 lvl:4.12) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Operations Analysis (imp:3.62 lvl:4.62) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:3.00 lvl:3.25) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Coordination (imp:3.00 lvl:3.62) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Instructing (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Operations Monitoring (imp:3.00 lvl:3.75) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:3.00 lvl:3.88) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Time Management (imp:3.00 lvl:3.75) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Persuasion (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Negotiation (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Technology Design (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Troubleshooting (imp:2.88 lvl:3.62) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Service Orientation (imp:2.75 lvl:3.00) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:2.75 lvl:3.38) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Management of Material Resources (imp:2.50 lvl:2.75) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:2.38 lvl:2.62) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Programming (imp:2.25 lvl:2.75) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Operation and Control (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Equipment Selection (imp:1.88 lvl:2.12) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.00) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Repairing (imp:1.00) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 21,070
  annual_median    : $125,040
  annual_pct10     : $79,420
  annual_pct25     : $97,820
  annual_pct75     : $157,190
  annual_pct90     : $182,880
  annual_mean      : $129,980
  hourly_median    : $60.12

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : New Mexico ($158,190)
  lowest_state     : New Hampshire ($73,250)
  dispersion_ratio : 2.160x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (41 total) ---
  Manufacturing                            emp:   10,860  median: $ 122,740
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:    5,280  median: $ 125,200
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:    1,360  median: $ 135,720
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:    1,020  median: $ 137,180
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:      650  median: $ 130,810
  Educational Services                     emp:      610  median: $  67,810
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:      570  median: $ 114,560
  Construction                             emp:      400  median: $ 131,190
  Utilities                                emp:      190  median: $ 108,650
  Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction emp:       90  median: $ 125,990

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (10 total) ---
  Manufacturing                            emp:   10,860  median: $ 122,740
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:    5,280  median: $ 125,200
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:    1,360  median: $ 135,720
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:    1,020  median: $ 137,180
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:      650  median: $ 130,810
  Educational Services                     emp:      610  median: $  67,810
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:      570  median: $ 114,560
  Construction                             emp:      400  median: $ 131,190
  Utilities                                emp:      190  median: $ 108,650
  Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction emp:       90  median: $ 125,990

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Chemical engineer
match_score        : 0.9714
wikidata_qid       : Q7888586
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wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_engineer
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T20:30:10.956267Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
A chemical engineer is a professional equipped with the knowledge of chemistry and other basic sciences who works principally in the chemical industry to convert basic raw materials into a variety of products and deals with the design and operation of plants and equipment. This person applies the principles of chemical engineering in any of its various practical applications, such as

Design, manufacture, and operation of plants and machinery in industrial chemical and related processes ("chemical process engineers");
Development of new or adapted substances for products ranging from foods and beverages, to cosmetics, to cleaners, to pharmaceutical ingredients, among many other products ("chemical product engineers");
Development of new technologies such as fuel cells, hydrogen power, and nanotechnology, as well as working in fields wholly or partially derived from chemical engineering such as materials science, polymer engineering, and biomedical engineering. This can also include geophysical projects such as rivers, stones, and signs.


== History ==

There is some debate about which historical figure should be considered the first chemical engineer. The president of the Institution of Chemical Engineers said in his presidential address, "I believe most of us would be willing to regard Edward Charles Howard (1774–1816) as the first chemical engineer of any eminence". Others have suggested Johann Rudolf Glauber (1604–1670) for his development of processes for the manufacture of the major industrial acids.
According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the first evidence of the noun 'chemical engineer' is from 1838.The term appeared in print in 1839, though from the context it suggests a person who has mechanical engineering knowledge but is currently working in the chemical industry. In 1880, George E. Davis wrote in a letter to Chemical News, "A Chemical Engineer is a person who possesses chemical and mechanical knowledge, and who applies that knowledge to the utilisation, on a manufacturing scale, of chemical action." He proposed the name Society of Chemical Engineers, for what was in fact constituted as the Society of Chemical Industry. At the first General Meeting of the Society in 1882, some 15 of the 300 members described themselves as chemical engineers, and the Society's formation of a Chemical Engineering Group in 1918 attracted about 400 members.
In 1905, a publication called The Chemical Engineer was founded in the US, and in 1908 the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) was established.
In 1924, the Institution of Chemical Engineers adopted the following definition: "A chemical engineer is a professional man experienced in the design, construction and operation of plant and works in which matter undergoes a change of state and composition."
As can be seen from the later definition, the occupation is not limited to the chemical industry, but more generally the process industries, or other situations in which complex physical and/or chemical processes must be managed.
The UK journal The Chemical Engineer (began 1956) has a series of biographies available online entitled “Chemical Engineers who Changed the World”.


== Overview ==

Historically, the chemical engineer has been primarily concerned with process engineering, which can generally be divided into two complementary areas: chemical reaction engineering and separation processes. The modern discipline of chemical engineering, however, encompasses much more than just process engineering. Chemical engineers are now engaged in the development and production of a diverse range of products, as well as in commodity and specialty chemicals. These products include high-performance materials needed for aerospace, automotive, biomedical, electronic, environmental and military applications. Examples include ultra-strong fibers, fabrics, adhesives and composites for vehicles, bio-compatible materials for implants and prosthetics, gels for medical applications, pharmaceuticals, and films with special dielectric, optical, or spectroscopic properties for optoelectronic devices.
Additionally, chemical engineering is often intertwined with biology and biomedical engineering. Many chemical engineers work on biological projects such as understanding biopolymers (such as proteins) and mapping the human genome.


== Employment and salaries ==
According to a 2015 salary survey by the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, the median annual salary for a chemical engineer was approximately $127,000. The survey was repeated in 2017 and the median annual salary dropped slightly to $124,000. The decrease in median salary was unexpected. A factor contributing to the decline may be that the 2017 survey was conducted by a different research and analysis firm. Median salaries ranged from $70,450 for chemical engineers with fewer than three years of experience to $156,000 for those with more than 40 years in the workforce.
In the UK, the IChemE 2016 Salary Survey reported a median salary of approximately £57,000, with a starting salary for a graduate averaging £28,350.
According to 2023 figures, Bayes Business School graduates earn an average of £51,921 within 5 years of graduation, which is the most among UK universities. This was followed by the University of Oxford at £49,086 and the University of Warwick at £47,446.


=== Gender ===

The chemical engineering field has a gender representation gap, similar to other engineering disciplines, with women representing a significantly smaller percentage of the workforce than men. However, in the United States, chemical engineering is one of the engineering disciplines with the highest participation of women, with 35% of students compared with 20% in engineering as of 2024. In the UK in 2014, 25% of students starting any degree were women, compared with 15% of students in engineering. 18.8% of US graduates who responded to a 2015 salary survey were women.
Some groups and individuals have made efforts to improve conditions and representation for women chemical engineers. Women in Chemical Engineering (WIC) is a sub-group of the AIChE that is dedicated to this cause. Since 2011, IUPAC has given an annual award for Distinguished Women in Chemistry or Chemical Engineering.


== Occupational outlook ==
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the occupational outlook for chemical engineers between 2024 and 2034 was 3% growth.


== See also ==


=== Related topics ===


=== Related concepts ===


=== Associations ===


== References ==


== External links ==

American Institute of Chemical Engineers (USA)
Institution of Chemical Engineers (UK)
Canadian Society for Chemical Engineers
Engineers Australia (AUS)

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Programmer (similarity: 0.2143)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmer
  QID: Q5482740
  Extract: A programmer, computer programmer or coder is an author of computer source code – someone with skill in computer programming.
The professional titles software developer and software engineer may be used for jobs that require a programmer.

  Title: Automotive engineering (similarity: 0.5000)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_engineering
  QID: Q124192
  Extract: Automotive engineering, along with aerospace engineering and naval architecture, is a branch of vehicle engineering, incorporating elements of mechanical, electrical, electronic, software, and safety engineering as applied to the design, manufacture and operation of motorcycles, automobiles, and tru

  Title: Yu Pan (similarity: 0.1667)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yu_Pan
  QID: Q19866080
  Extract: Yu Pan is a Chinese-born American software engineer and entrepreneur. He was a co-founder and founding engineer at Confinity, which later merged to become PayPal, where he helped build the company's early payments and auction infrastructure. Pan later joined YouTube as its first employee and worked 

  Title: Engineer Research and Development Center (similarity: 0.3103)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineer_Research_and_Development_Center
  QID: Q5377777
  Extract: The Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) is a US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) research and laboratory organization.

  Title: Manufacturing (similarity: 0.2581)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturing
  QID: Q187939
  Extract: Manufacturing is the creation or production of goods with the help of equipment, labor, machines, tools, and chemical or biological processing or formulation. It is the essence of the secondary sector of the economy. The term may refer to a range of human activity, from handicraft to high-tech, but 

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model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong confidence based on comprehensive O*NET data including detailed tasks, abundant wage data from BLS OEWS May 2025, clear educational requirements, and robust related occupation mappings. The Wikipedia match provides additional validation of the role definition.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T14:31:17.312439+00:00
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wikipedia_used       : True
wikipedia_title      : Chemical engineer
wikipedia_note       : The Wikipedia definition aligns perfectly with the O*NET data, describing chemical engineers as professionals who convert raw materials into products using chemical engineering principles and work with plant design and operation.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Chemical engineers design and optimize industrial processes that transform raw materials into chemical products like plastics, pharmaceuticals, fuels, and consumer goods. They apply principles of chemistry, physics, and engineering to develop manufacturing equipment, ensure safety compliance, and solve complex production problems. These professionals work across industries from petrochemicals to biotechnology, managing everything from laboratory-scale research to massive commercial operations.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
A chemical engineer starts their day analyzing production data from overnight operations, identifying any process deviations or quality issues that need immediate attention. They spend significant time troubleshooting equipment problems, working with plant operators to optimize mixing, heating, and separation processes for maximum efficiency and safety. Throughout the day, they use computer modeling software like AutoCAD and process simulation tools to design new equipment layouts or improve existing systems. They conduct performance tests, monitor chemical reactions in real-time, and evaluate whether processes meet environmental and safety standards. Regular tasks include preparing cost estimates for management, developing safety procedures for hazardous operations, and collaborating with research teams to scale up promising laboratory processes to commercial production. Their work requires constant problem-solving as they balance productivity goals with quality requirements and regulatory compliance.

WHO THRIVES:
Successful chemical engineers combine strong analytical thinking with practical problem-solving skills, excelling at both theoretical chemistry and hands-on engineering applications. They possess exceptional attention to detail and dependability, as small errors in chemical processes can have serious safety and economic consequences. These professionals demonstrate intellectual curiosity about how chemical reactions work at scale, coupled with the patience to methodically test and optimize complex systems. They thrive on making decisions under pressure, often troubleshooting urgent production issues that require both scientific knowledge and engineering judgment. Strong communication skills are essential, as they must explain technical concepts to diverse audiences from plant workers to senior management.

CAREER ENTRY:
Chemical engineering requires a bachelor's degree in chemical engineering, with 91.3% of practitioners holding this credential according to O*NET data. The curriculum includes intensive coursework in chemistry, physics, mathematics, and specialized engineering design principles, preparing graduates for the considerable preparation needed in Job Zone 4 roles. Entry-level positions typically involve supervised work on established processes before progressing to independent design and optimization responsibilities. Some professionals pursue additional certifications or advanced degrees to specialize in areas like process safety, environmental compliance, or emerging technologies like biofuels.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Chemical engineers can advance into senior technical roles as process development specialists or chief engineers, leading major plant design projects and technology innovations. Many transition into management positions overseeing entire manufacturing operations or research and development teams. The strong foundation in both science and engineering principles opens pathways into related fields like materials engineering, petroleum engineering, or environmental consulting. Some pursue entrepreneurial opportunities, leveraging their process knowledge to start chemical manufacturing companies or consulting firms specializing in process optimization.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
Chemical engineers command strong compensation with a median annual salary of $125,040 according to BLS OEWS May 2025 data, with the top 10% earning over $182,880. The field employs 21,070 professionals nationally, with the highest concentrations in manufacturing (10,860 employed) and professional services (5,280 employed). Geographic pay variation is significant, ranging from $158,190 in New Mexico to $73,250 in New Hampshire, reflecting regional industry concentrations in petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and specialty chemicals. Demand remains steady driven by ongoing needs for process optimization, environmental compliance, and development of sustainable manufacturing technologies. The emergence of green chemistry, biotechnology applications, and advanced materials creates new opportunities for chemical engineers with specialized expertise.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
Chemical engineering work faces moderate automation impact, as core activities like making decisions and solving problems (importance 4.7) and analyzing complex data (importance 4.4) require human expertise and judgment. While routine monitoring tasks may become increasingly automated, the need for engineers to design new processes, troubleshoot unexpected problems, and ensure safety compliance will persist as these activities require creative problem-solving and deep technical understanding that current AI systems cannot replicate.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [skill_overlap] Materials Engineers (17-2131.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles share high-level chemistry knowledge (Chemical Engineers: 5.8, Materials Engineers focus on material properties) and engineering design capabilities with similar mathematical and analytical requirements.
    data: Chemistry knowledge level 5.8
    data: Engineering and Technology knowledge level 6.4
    data: Design knowledge level 5.4
  [knowledge_overlap] Chemists (19-2031.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Chemical engineers and chemists share deep chemistry knowledge foundations, though engineers apply this knowledge to industrial process design rather than pure research.
    data: Chemistry knowledge importance 4.7
    data: Science skills importance 4.1
    data: Research engineering aspects of biological or chemical processes
  [task_similarity] Industrial Engineers (17-2112.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both roles involve optimizing manufacturing processes, analyzing production efficiency, and working with equipment design, though chemical engineers focus specifically on chemical manufacturing.
    data: Monitor and analyze data from processes
    data: Evaluate equipment and processes to optimize performance
    data: Production and Processing knowledge level 4.6
  [riasec_cluster] Petroleum Engineers (17-2171.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both occupations exhibit strong investigative tendencies (Chemical Engineers I:5.75) and realistic problem-solving approaches, working with complex chemical and engineering systems.
    data: RIASEC R:6.27, I:5.75
    data: Engineering and Technology knowledge
    data: Chemical manufacturing processes
  [career_pathway] Manufacturing Engineers (17-2112.03) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Chemical engineers often transition into manufacturing engineering roles or work closely with manufacturing engineers on production optimization and equipment design projects.
    data: Design and plan layout of equipment
    data: Monitor performance of processes throughout production
    data: Manufacturing industries employ 10,860 chemical engineers
  [career_pathway] Biofuels/Biodiesel Technology and Product Development Managers (11-9041.01) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Chemical engineers with process development experience naturally progress into management roles overseeing emerging technology projects like biofuels development.
    data: Conduct research to develop new chemical manufacturing processes
    data: Develop processes to separate components
    data: Job Zone 4 considerable preparation

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
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  title_patterns   : ['chemical.*engineer', 'process.*engineer', 'chemical.*design', '.*chemical.*engineer', 'chemical.*development']
  common_variations: ['chemical process engineer', 'process design engineer', 'chemical development engineer', 'chemical research engineer', 'chemical manufacturing engineer', 'process optimization engineer', 'chemical plant engineer', 'chemical systems engineer']

total_terms    : 40
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──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
chemical                   75  0.02303  wikipedia            wikipedia:63%  inference:21%  onet_tasks:9%
engineering                43  0.01321  wikipedia            wikipedia:63%  inference:26%  dwas:7%
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others                     39  0.01198  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:97%  wikipedia:3%
equipment                  36  0.01106  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:64%  onet_tasks:11%  dwas:11%
engineers                  27  0.00829  wikipedia            wikipedia:70%  inference:30%
design                     24  0.00737  inference            inference:29%  onet_dimensions:25%  wikipedia:25%
production                 22  0.00676  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:36%  wikipedia:23%  onet_tasks:18%
principles                 21  0.00645  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:76%  inference:19%  wikipedia:5%
materials                  19  0.00583  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:53%  wikipedia:26%  inference:21%
engineer                   16  0.00491  wikipedia            wikipedia:94%  inference:6%
problems                   15  0.00461  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:60%  inference:27%  onet_tasks:7%
control                    15  0.00461  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:80%  onet_tasks:13%  dwas:7%
operations                 15  0.00461  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:40%  inference:27%  onet_tasks:20%
research                   14  0.00430  wikipedia            wikipedia:36%  dwas:29%  inference:21%
products                   14  0.00430  wikipedia            wikipedia:43%  onet_dimensions:36%  inference:14%
includes                   14  0.00430  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:86%  wikipedia:7%  inference:7%
activities                 13  0.00399  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:69%  inference:15%  onet_tasks:8%
safety                     12  0.00369  inference            inference:58%  onet_tasks:17%  onet_dimensions:8%
objects                    12  0.00369  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
procedures                 11  0.00338  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:73%  onet_tasks:9%  dwas:9%
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techniques                 10  0.00307  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
human                      10  0.00307  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:70%  wikipedia:20%  inference:10%
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development                10  0.00307  wikipedia            wikipedia:70%  inference:30%
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needs                       9  0.00276  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  inference:11%
monitoring                  9  0.00276  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  inference:11%
applications                9  0.00276  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:44%  wikipedia:33%  inference:22%
mechanical                  9  0.00276  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:56%  wikipedia:33%  dwas:11%
resources                   9  0.00276  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
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quickly                     9  0.00276  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%