[Core] [21% incumbents] Direct engineering activities, ensuring compliance with environmental, safety, or other governmental regulations.
  DWAs: Coordinate safety or regulatory compliance activities.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Manage and direct the construction, operations, or maintenance activities at project site.
  DWAs: Direct construction activities.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Inspect project sites to monitor progress and ensure conformance to design specifications and safety or sanitation standards.
  DWAs: Inspect facilities or sites to determine if they meet specifications or standards.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Compute load and grade requirements, water flow rates, or material stress factors to determine design specifications.
  DWAs: Estimate technical or resource requirements for development or production projects.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Plan and design transportation or hydraulic systems or structures, using computer-assisted design or drawing tools.
  DWAs: Create graphical representations of civil structures.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Provide technical advice to industrial or managerial personnel regarding design, construction, program modifications, or structural repairs.
  DWAs: Recommend technical design or process changes to improve efficiency, quality, or performance.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Analyze survey reports, maps, drawings, blueprints, aerial photography, or other topographical or geologic data.
  DWAs: Evaluate technical data to determine effect on designs or plans.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Direct or participate in surveying to lay out installations or establish reference points, grades, or elevations to guide construction.
  DWAs: Survey land or bodies of water to measure or determine features.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Estimate quantities and cost of materials, equipment, or labor to determine project feasibility.
  DWAs: Estimate operational costs.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Prepare or present public reports on topics such as bid proposals, deeds, environmental impact statements, or property and right-of-way descriptions.
  DWAs: Prepare proposal documents. | Explain project details to the general public.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Design energy-efficient or environmentally sound civil structures.
  DWAs: Incorporate green features into the design of structures or facilities.

[Supplemental] [21% incumbents] Test soils or materials to determine the adequacy and strength of foundations, concrete, asphalt, or steel.
  DWAs: Test characteristics of materials or structures.

[Supplemental] [21% incumbents] Identify environmental risks and develop risk management strategies for civil engineering projects.
  DWAs: Investigate the environmental impact of projects. | Develop technical methods or processes.

[Supplemental] [21% incumbents] Conduct studies of traffic patterns or environmental conditions to identify engineering problems and assess potential project impact.
  DWAs: Investigate the environmental impact of projects.

[Supplemental] [21% incumbents] Develop or implement engineering solutions to clean up industrial accidents or other contaminated sites.
  DWAs: Implement design or process improvements. | Develop technical methods or processes.

[Supplemental] [21% incumbents] Design or engineer systems to efficiently dispose of chemical, biological, or other toxic wastes.
  DWAs: Design systems to reduce harmful emissions.

[EMERGING:New] Use drone technology for site surveying, inspection, and monitoring of infrastructure projects.

--- SKILLS ---
  Active Listening (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Reading Comprehension (imp:3.88 lvl:5.00) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Speaking (imp:3.88 lvl:3.88) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Mathematics (imp:3.88 lvl:4.75) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Critical Thinking (imp:3.88 lvl:4.62) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Science (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
  Writing (imp:3.25 lvl:3.88) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Active Learning (imp:3.25 lvl:4.62) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Monitoring (imp:3.25 lvl:3.88) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Learning Strategies (imp:2.88 lvl:3.62) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Design (imp:4.70 lvl:5.95) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Engineering and Technology (imp:4.67 lvl:6.43) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Building and Construction (imp:4.53 lvl:5.33) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Mathematics (imp:4.48 lvl:5.10) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  English Language (imp:4.00 lvl:4.38) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Physics (imp:3.71 lvl:4.29) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Administration and Management (imp:3.62 lvl:4.48) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:3.43 lvl:4.62) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Public Safety and Security (imp:3.24 lvl:3.81) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Law and Government (imp:3.24 lvl:3.86) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Computers and Electronics (imp:3.14 lvl:4.10) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Transportation (imp:3.05 lvl:3.43) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Sales and Marketing (imp:2.86 lvl:3.81) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Economics and Accounting (imp:2.81 lvl:3.20) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Administrative (imp:2.71 lvl:3.29) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Geography (imp:2.57 lvl:3.43) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:2.55 lvl:3.48) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Mechanical (imp:2.52 lvl:2.85) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Education and Training (imp:2.40 lvl:3.38) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Chemistry (imp:2.29 lvl:2.90) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Production and Processing (imp:2.10 lvl:2.00) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Communications and Media (imp:2.00 lvl:2.14) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Psychology (imp:1.71 lvl:1.38) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  History and Archeology (imp:1.57 lvl:1.29) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Biology (imp:1.52 lvl:1.48) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Foreign Language (imp:1.52 lvl:1.00) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Telecommunications (imp:1.52 lvl:1.10) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:1.48 lvl:1.05) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.38 lvl:0.90) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Food Production (imp:1.14 lvl:0.43) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:1.14 lvl:0.24) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.14 lvl:0.33) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Fine Arts (imp:1.00) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform

--- ABILITIES ---
  Oral Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:5.00) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Written Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:5.00) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Oral Expression (imp:4.00 lvl:5.00) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Written Expression (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:4.00 lvl:4.75) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:4.00 lvl:4.88) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Information Ordering (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:3.88 lvl:4.75) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.75 lvl:4.12) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Number Facility (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Visualization (imp:3.75 lvl:4.12) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Near Vision (imp:3.75 lvl:4.12) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.62 lvl:3.75) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Perceptual Speed (imp:3.62 lvl:3.75) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Far Vision (imp:3.62 lvl:3.62) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.62 lvl:4.00) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.62 lvl:3.75) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Originality (imp:3.25 lvl:4.00) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Selective Attention (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.88 lvl:3.62) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Memorization (imp:2.62 lvl:2.88) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Time Sharing (imp:2.62 lvl:2.75) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:2.62 lvl:2.62) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.62 lvl:2.62) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Depth Perception (imp:2.50 lvl:2.62) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.50 lvl:2.50) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Finger Dexterity (imp:2.12 lvl:1.62) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Spatial Orientation (imp:1.88 lvl:1.50) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Control Precision (imp:1.62 lvl:1.12) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Trunk Strength (imp:1.50 lvl:0.75) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:1.38 lvl:0.50) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.25 lvl:0.12) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:1.00) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Manual Dexterity (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Response Orientation (imp:1.00) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Rate Control (imp:1.00) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Reaction Time (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Static Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Dynamic Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Stamina (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Extent Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:1.00) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:1.00) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Night Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Sound Localization (imp:1.00) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Getting Information (imp:4.57 lvl:4.62) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:4.45 lvl:5.80) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:4.29 lvl:4.95) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:4.14 lvl:4.71) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:4.14 lvl:5.00) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:4.14 lvl:5.19) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Working with Computers (imp:4.10 lvl:4.14) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:4.10 lvl:5.33) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:4.05 lvl:4.57) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Processing Information (imp:4.05 lvl:5.10) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:4.05 lvl:5.14) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:4.05 lvl:4.86) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:3.95 lvl:5.38) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:3.90 lvl:4.71) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:3.71 lvl:4.76) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:3.67 lvl:3.95) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:3.62 lvl:4.24) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:3.62 lvl:4.67) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:3.57 lvl:4.19) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Thinking Creatively (imp:3.57 lvl:4.81) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:3.55 lvl:4.43) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:3.50 lvl:4.62) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:3.43 lvl:4.14) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:3.33 lvl:4.38) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:3.30 lvl:4.00) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:3.29 lvl:3.76) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:3.29 lvl:3.90) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:3.20 lvl:3.95) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.19 lvl:4.00) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:3.19 lvl:4.05) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:3.00 lvl:3.48) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:2.90 lvl:3.86) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:2.68 lvl:3.10) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:2.62 lvl:3.05) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:2.00 lvl:2.05) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:1.76 lvl:1.48) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:1.57 lvl:1.48) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:1.57 lvl:1.19) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:1.57 lvl:1.24) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:1.48 lvl:0.95) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:1.29 lvl:0.86) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Dependability (imp:7.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Attention to Detail (imp:6.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Integrity (imp:5.00) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Cautiousness (imp:4.00) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:3.00) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Dependability (imp:2.65) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.57) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Cautiousness (imp:2.39) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Integrity (imp:2.21) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:2.16) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Achievement Orientation (imp:2.08) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Leadership Orientation (imp:2.01) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Achievement Orientation (imp:2.00) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Innovation (imp:1.97) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Adaptability (imp:1.86) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Perseverance (imp:1.77) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Self-Confidence (imp:1.76) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Initiative (imp:1.59) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Cooperation (imp:1.44) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Stress Tolerance (imp:1.43) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:1.33) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Self-Control (imp:1.31) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Leadership Orientation (imp:1.00) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Social Orientation (imp:0.86) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Sincerity (imp:0.78) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Optimism (imp:0.61) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Humility (imp:0.42) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Empathy (imp:0.41) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:3.88 lvl:4.12) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Systems Analysis (imp:3.75 lvl:4.12) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Time Management (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Operations Analysis (imp:3.62 lvl:4.50) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:3.38 lvl:4.00) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Coordination (imp:3.12 lvl:3.75) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Systems Evaluation (imp:3.12 lvl:4.00) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:3.00 lvl:3.50) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Persuasion (imp:3.00 lvl:3.25) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Negotiation (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Instructing (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Service Orientation (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:3.00 lvl:3.50) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:2.88 lvl:3.38) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Management of Material Resources (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Technology Design (imp:2.25 lvl:2.50) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:2.25 lvl:2.50) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Operations Monitoring (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Programming (imp:1.88 lvl:1.88) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Repairing (imp:1.62 lvl:1.62) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.50 lvl:0.88) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Troubleshooting (imp:1.50 lvl:0.62) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Operation and Control (imp:1.38 lvl:0.50) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Equipment Selection (imp:1.25 lvl:0.25) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 367,840
  annual_median    : $100,840
  annual_pct10     : $68,240
  annual_pct25     : $79,930
  annual_pct75     : $129,680
  annual_pct90     : $163,220
  annual_mean      : $108,670
  hourly_median    : $48.48

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : California ($122,500)
  lowest_state     : Puerto Rico ($61,060)
  dispersion_ratio : 2.006x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (53 total) ---
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:  208,300  median: $ 100,690
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:   85,150  median: $ 108,900
  Construction                             emp:   48,860  median: $  84,200
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:    5,170  median: $ 103,010
  Manufacturing                            emp:    4,440  median: $ 107,120
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:    3,040  median: $ 123,980
  Real Estate and Rental and Leasing       emp:    2,910  median: $  80,870
  Utilities                                emp:    2,230  median: $ 112,820
  Educational Services                     emp:    2,030  median: $ 105,410
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:    1,350  median: $  95,050

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (17 total) ---
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:  208,300  median: $ 100,690
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:   85,150  median: $ 108,900
  Construction                             emp:   48,860  median: $  84,200
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:    5,170  median: $ 103,010
  Manufacturing                            emp:    4,440  median: $ 107,120
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:    3,040  median: $ 123,980
  Real Estate and Rental and Leasing       emp:    2,910  median: $  80,870
  Utilities                                emp:    2,230  median: $ 112,820
  Educational Services                     emp:    2,030  median: $ 105,410
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:    1,350  median: $  95,050

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Civil engineer
match_score        : 0.9655
wikidata_qid       : Q13582652
word_count         : 1,925
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_engineer
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T20:30:26.519002Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
A civil engineer is a person who practices civil engineering – the application of planning, designing, constructing, maintaining, and operating infrastructure while protecting the public and environmental health, as well as improving existing infrastructure that may have been neglected.
Civil engineering is one of the oldest engineering disciplines because it deals with constructed environment including planning, designing, and overseeing construction and maintenance of building structures, and facilities, such as roads, railroads, airports, bridges, harbors, channels, dams, irrigation projects, pipelines, power plants, and water and sewage systems.
The term "civil engineer" was established by John Smeaton in 1750 to contrast engineers working on civil projects with the military engineers, who worked on armaments and defenses. Over time, various sub-disciplines of civil engineering have become recognized and much of military engineering has been absorbed by civil engineering.  Other engineering practices became recognized as independent engineering disciplines, including chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, and electrical engineering.
In some places, a civil engineer may perform land surveying; in others, surveying is limited to construction surveying, unless an additional qualification is obtained.


== Specialization ==
Civil engineers usually practice in a particular specialty, such as construction engineering, geotechnical engineering, structural engineering, land development, transportation engineering, hydraulic engineering, sanitary engineering, and environmental engineering.  A civil engineer is concerned with determining the right design for these structures and looking after the construction process so that the longevity of these structures is guaranteed after completion. These structures should also be satisfactory for the public in terms of comfort.  Some civil engineers, particularly those working for government agencies, may practice across multiple specializations, particularly when involved in critical infrastructure development or maintenance.


== Work environment ==

Civil engineers generally work in a variety of locations and conditions. Much of a civil engineer's work is dealing with non-engineers or others from different technical disciplines, so training should give skills preparing future civil engineers in organizational relationships between parties to projects, cost and time. Many spend time outdoors at construction sites so that they can monitor operations or solve problems onsite. The job is typically a blend of in-office and on-location work depending on the focus of each engineer. Most engineers work full-time. Work environment can vary significantly depending on specialization, such as structural, transportation, or geotechnical engineering.


== Education and licensing ==
In most countries, a civil engineer will have graduated from a post-secondary school with a degree in civil engineering, which requires a strong background in mathematics and the physical sciences; this degree is typically a bachelor's degree, though many civil engineers study further to obtain master's, engineer, doctoral and post doctoral degrees. In many countries, civil engineers are subject to licensure. In some jurisdictions with mandatory licensing, people who do not obtain a license may not call themselves "civil engineers".


=== Belgium ===
In Belgium, Civil Engineer (abbreviated Ir.) (French: Ingénieur Civil, Dutch: Burgerlijk Ingenieur) is a legally protected title applicable to graduates of the five-year engineering course of one of the six universities and the Royal Military Academy. Their speciality can be all fields of engineering: civil, structural, electrical, mechanical, chemical, physics and even computer science. This use of the title may cause confusion to the English speaker as the Belgian "civil" engineer can have a speciality other than civil engineering. In fact, Belgians use the adjective "civil" in the sense of "civilian", as opposed to military engineers.
The formation of the civil engineer has a strong mathematical and scientific base and is more theoretical in approach than the practical oriented industrial engineer (Ing.) educated in a five-year program at a polytechnic. Traditionally, students were required to pass an entrance exam on mathematics to start civil engineering studies. This exam was abolished in 2004 for the Flemish Community, but is still organised in the French Community.


=== Scandinavia ===

In Scandinavian countries, "civil engineer" (civilingenjör in Swedish; sivilingeniør in Norwegian; civilingeniør in Danish) is a first professional degree, approximately equivalent to Master of Science in Engineering, and a protected title granted to students by selected institutes of technology. As in English, the word has its origin in the distinction between civilian and military engineers; before the start of the 19th century only military engineers existed, and the prefix "civil" was a way to separate those who had studied engineering in a regular university from their military counterparts. Today the degree spans over all fields within engineering, including civil engineering, mechanical engineering, computer science, and electronics engineering, among others.
There is generally a slight difference between a Master of Science in Engineering degree and the Scandinavian civil engineer degree, the latter's programme having closer ties with the industry's demands. A civil engineer is the better-known of the two; still, the area of expertise remains obfuscated for most of the public. A noteworthy difference is the mandatory courses in mathematics and physics, regardless of the equivalent master's degree, e.g. computer science.
Although a "college engineer" (högskoleingenjör, diplomingenjör, or mellaningenjör in Swedish; høgskoleingeniør in Norwegian; diplomingeniør in Danish) is roughly equivalent to a Bachelor of Science in Scandinavia, to become a "civil engineer" one often has had to do up to one extra year of overlapping studies compared to attaining a B.Sc./M.Sc. combination. This is because the higher educational system is not fully adapted to the international standard graduation system, since it is treated as a professional degree. Today (2009) this is starting to change due to the Bologna process.
A Scandinavian civilingenjör will in international contexts commonly use the title of "Master of Science in Engineering" and will occasionally wear an engineering class ring. At the Norwegian Institute of Technology (now the Norwegian University of Science and Technology), the tradition with an NTH Ring goes back to 1914, before the Canadian iron ring.


=== Spain ===
In Spain, a civil engineering degree can be obtained after four years of study in the various branches of mathematics, physics, mechanics, etc. The earned degree is called Grado en Ingeniería Civil. Further studies at a graduate school include master's and doctoral degrees.
Before the current situation, that is, before the implementation of Bologna Process in 2010, a degree in civil engineering in Spain could be obtained after three to six years of study and was divided into two main degrees. 
In the first case, the earned degree was called Ingeniero Técnico de Obras Públicas (ITOP), literally translated as "Public Works Engineer" obtained after three years of study and equivalent to a Bachelor of Civil Engineering. 
In the second case, the academic degree was called Ingeniero de Caminos, Canales y Puertos (often shortened to Ingeniero de Caminos or ICCP), that literally means "Highways, Canals and Harbors Engineer", though civil engineers in Spain practice in the same fields as civil engineers do elsewhere. This degree is equivalent to a Master of Civil Engineering and is obtained after five or six years of study depending on the school granting the title.
The first Spanish Civil Engineering School was the Escuela Especial de Ingenier

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (3) ---

  Title: Texas City disaster (similarity: 0.2941)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_City_disaster
  QID: Q925618
  Extract: The Texas City disaster was an industrial accident that occurred on April 16, 1947, in the port of Texas City, Texas, United States, located in Galveston Bay. It was the deadliest industrial accident in U.S. history and one of history's largest non-nuclear explosions.

  Title: Mayor of Davao City (similarity: 0.1176)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor_of_Davao_City
  QID: Q17071845
  Extract: The mayor of Davao City is the chief executive of the government of Davao City in Davao Region, Philippines. The mayor leads the city's departments in executing ordinances and delivering public services. The mayorship is a three-year term and each mayor is restricted to three consecutive terms, tota

  Title: Office of City Engineer, Providence (similarity: 0.4400)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_City_Engineer%2C_Providence
  QID: Q7079191
  Extract: The Office of City Engineer of Providence, Rhode Island is an office that is credited with the design of a number of notable public works.

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong data quality across all dimensions with clear skill requirements, detailed work activities, comprehensive wage data, and robust related occupations network.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T14:32:09.579086+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,678
tokens_output        : 4,073
cost_usd             : $0.043561
wikipedia_used       : True
wikipedia_title      : Civil engineer
wikipedia_note       : The Wikipedia definition aligns perfectly with O*NET data, emphasizing infrastructure planning, design, construction, and maintenance while protecting public health. This confirms the comprehensive scope of civil engineering practice.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Civil engineers design, plan, and oversee the construction and maintenance of critical infrastructure including roads, bridges, airports, water systems, and buildings. They apply engineering principles and mathematical analysis to ensure public safety while managing complex construction projects from concept through completion. These professionals serve as the technical backbone of infrastructure development, balancing design requirements with regulatory compliance and environmental considerations.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
Civil engineers spend their days analyzing technical data such as survey reports, maps, and blueprints to develop design specifications for infrastructure projects. They use computer-assisted design tools like AutoCAD Civil 3D and Bentley MicroStation to create detailed engineering drawings and plans. Much of their time involves coordinating with construction teams, inspecting project sites to ensure compliance with safety standards, and computing load requirements and material stress factors. They regularly communicate with supervisors, peers, and subordinates to manage project timelines and resolve technical challenges. Engineers also prepare cost estimates for materials and labor, evaluate environmental impact, and ensure all work meets governmental regulations.

WHO THRIVES:
Successful civil engineers possess strong analytical minds with exceptional attention to detail, as evidenced by the high importance of dependability and detail orientation in their work styles. They excel at complex problem solving and systems analysis, requiring both deductive and inductive reasoning abilities to evaluate technical information and make critical decisions. These professionals must be comfortable with high-stakes responsibility, as their work directly impacts public safety and requires unwavering integrity. The realistic and investigative RIASEC profile indicates they thrive on hands-on technical work combined with scientific inquiry, preferring concrete solutions over abstract concepts.

CAREER ENTRY:
Civil engineering requires significant educational preparation, with 85.7% of practitioners holding bachelor's degrees in civil engineering or related fields. Entry-level positions typically require completion of an ABET-accredited engineering program covering mathematics, physics, and specialized engineering coursework. Many states require licensure as a Professional Engineer (PE) after gaining four years of work experience under a licensed engineer. Some roles may accept candidates with engineering technology degrees combined with relevant experience.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Civil engineers can advance into specialized areas such as transportation engineering, water/wastewater engineering, or structural design. Career progression often leads to project management roles, construction management positions, or advancement to architectural and engineering management. Many eventually start their own consulting firms or move into public sector leadership roles as city engineers or department heads. Advanced degrees can open opportunities in research, teaching, or highly specialized technical fields.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
The civil engineering field employs 367,840 professionals with a median annual salary of $100,840 according to BLS OEWS May 2025, ranging from $68,240 to $163,220. California offers the highest wages at $122,500, while Puerto Rico has the lowest at $61,060, creating a 2.01x geographic wage differential. Professional, scientific, and technical services employ the largest share at 208,300 workers, followed by government positions at 85,150. The field shows strong demand driven by aging infrastructure needs and continued urbanization. Geographic opportunities are widespread, though compensation varies significantly by region and specialization.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
Civil engineering shows moderate resilience to automation due to its emphasis on complex problem solving, regulatory compliance, and site-specific decision making. While routine calculations and basic drafting may become more automated, the core activities of evaluating information for compliance, making decisions, and coordinating work require human judgment and interpersonal skills. Emerging technologies like drone surveying are enhancing rather than replacing engineer capabilities, allowing for more efficient data collection and project monitoring.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [career_pathway] Transportation Engineers (17-2051.01) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Direct specialization pathway sharing identical core skills in design, engineering technology, and mathematics with 95% knowledge overlap.
    data: Same SOC family
    data: Identical top skills
    data: 95% knowledge overlap
  [skill_overlap] Civil Engineering Technologists and Technicians (17-3022.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Support role sharing engineering technology, design knowledge, and building construction expertise with lower education requirements.
    data: Primary-Short relationship
    data: Engineering technology knowledge
    data: Building construction overlap
  [career_pathway] Construction Managers (11-9021.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Natural progression sharing project coordination, construction oversight, and administration/management knowledge.
    data: Construction industry overlap
    data: Project coordination activities
    data: Management knowledge
  [knowledge_overlap] Environmental Engineers (17-2081.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Adjacent engineering discipline sharing environmental compliance focus and similar mathematical/scientific foundation.
    data: Environmental regulations
    data: Engineering and technology overlap
    data: Similar education requirements
  [career_pathway] Architectural and Engineering Managers (11-9041.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Senior progression path requiring identical technical foundation plus enhanced administration and management capabilities.
    data: Leadership progression
    data: Administration knowledge
    data: Engineering background requirement

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['civil engineer', 'infrastructure design', 'construction planning', 'project oversight', 'structural design', 'transportation planning', 'water systems', 'regulatory compliance']
  exclude_keywords : ['software engineer', 'mechanical engineer', 'electrical engineer', 'chemical engineer', 'biomedical engineer']
  title_patterns   : ['Civil Engineer', 'Infrastructure Engineer', 'Municipal Engineer', 'Bridge Engineer', 'Transportation Engineer']
  common_variations: ['civil engineering', 'infrastructure engineer', 'municipal engineer', 'project engineer', 'design engineer', 'construction engineer', 'bridge engineer', 'traffic engineer']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['engineering', 'civil', 'tendency', 'others', 'engineer', 'engineers', 'design', 'equipment', 'construction', 'technical', 'principles', 'public', 'structures', 'activities', 'materials', 'projects', 'control', 'environmental', 'includes', 'objects']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
engineering                97  0.02631  wikipedia            wikipedia:80%  inference:13%  onet_tasks:4%
civil                      84  0.02278  wikipedia            wikipedia:85%  inference:12%  onet_tasks:2%
tendency                   42  0.01139  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
others                     41  0.01112  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:93%  wikipedia:7%
engineer                   38  0.01031  wikipedia            wikipedia:89%  inference:8%  onet_tasks:3%
engineers                  36  0.00976  wikipedia            wikipedia:83%  inference:17%
design                     26  0.00705  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:27%  onet_dimensions:23%  inference:23%
equipment                  24  0.00651  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:96%  onet_tasks:4%
construction               19  0.00515  wikipedia            wikipedia:42%  inference:26%  onet_tasks:16%
technical                  19  0.00515  inference            inference:37%  dwas:26%  onet_dimensions:16%
principles                 18  0.00488  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  wikipedia:6%  inference:6%
public                     17  0.00461  wikipedia            wikipedia:41%  onet_dimensions:24%  inference:24%
structures                 16  0.00434  wikipedia            wikipedia:38%  onet_dimensions:31%  dwas:19%
activities                 14  0.00380  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:64%  onet_tasks:14%  dwas:14%
materials                  14  0.00380  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:71%  onet_tasks:14%  dwas:7%
projects                   14  0.00380  wikipedia            wikipedia:50%  dwas:21%  onet_tasks:14%
control                    13  0.00353  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:92%  wikipedia:8%
environmental              12  0.00326  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:33%  wikipedia:33%  dwas:17%
includes                   12  0.00326  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
objects                    12  0.00326  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
standards                  11  0.00298  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:73%  onet_tasks:9%  dwas:9%
management                 11  0.00298  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:64%  inference:27%  onet_tasks:9%
problems                   11  0.00298  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:82%  onet_tasks:9%  wikipedia:9%
ideas                      11  0.00298  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
monitoring                 10  0.00271  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:80%  onet_tasks:10%  inference:10%
infrastructure             10  0.00271  inference            inference:50%  wikipedia:40%  onet_tasks:10%
science                    10  0.00271  wikipedia            wikipedia:80%  onet_dimensions:20%
techniques                 10  0.00271  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
services                   10  0.00271  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:60%  wikipedia:30%  inference:10%
mechanical                 10  0.00271  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:50%  wikipedia:50%
orientation                10  0.00271  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:90%  inference:10%
body                       10  0.00271  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
maintenance                 9  0.00244  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:44%  wikipedia:22%  inference:22%
project                     9  0.00244  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:44%  inference:44%  dwas:11%
computer                    9  0.00244  wikipedia            wikipedia:44%  onet_dimensions:33%  onet_tasks:11%
technology                  9  0.00244  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:44%  wikipedia:33%  onet_tasks:11%
needs                       9  0.00244  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  inference:11%
problem                     9  0.00244  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:78%  inference:22%
production                  9  0.00244  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  dwas:11%
resources                   9  0.00244  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%