[Core] [23% incumbents] Provide technical direction or supervision to junior engineers, engineering or computer-aided design (CAD) technicians, or other technical personnel.
  DWAs: Supervise engineering or other technical personnel. | Provide technical guidance to other personnel. | Recommend technical design or process changes to improve efficiency, quality, or performance.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Design domestic or industrial water or wastewater treatment plants, including advanced facilities with sequencing batch reactors (SBR), membranes, lift stations, headworks, surge overflow basins, ultraviolet disinfection systems, aerobic digesters, sludge lagoons, or control buildings.
  DWAs: Design civil structures or systems.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Evaluate the operation and maintenance of water or wastewater systems to identify ways to improve their efficiency.
  DWAs: Identify opportunities to improve operational efficiency. | Evaluate characteristics of equipment or systems.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Design or select equipment for use in wastewater processing to ensure compliance with government standards.
  DWAs: Select tools, equipment, or technologies for use in operations or projects. | Design civil structures or systems.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Design water distribution systems for potable or non-potable water.
  DWAs: Design industrial processing systems.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Analyze and recommend chemical, biological, or other wastewater treatment methods to prepare water for industrial or domestic use.
  DWAs: Recommend technical design or process changes to improve efficiency, quality, or performance.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Identify design alternatives for the development of new water resources.
  DWAs: Develop technical methods or processes.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Design water runoff collection networks, water supply channels, or water supply system networks.
  DWAs: Design civil structures or systems.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Design water or wastewater lift stations, including water wells.
  DWAs: Design civil structures or systems.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Provide technical support on water resource or treatment issues to government agencies.
  DWAs: Advise others regarding green practices or environmental concerns.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Oversee the construction of decentralized or on-site wastewater treatment systems, including reclaimed water facilities.
  DWAs: Direct environmental development activities.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Develop plans for new water resources or water efficiency programs.
  DWAs: Prepare detailed work plans.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Design water storage tanks or other water storage facilities.
  DWAs: Design structures or facilities.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Analyze and recommend sludge treatment or disposal methods.
  DWAs: Advise others regarding green practices or environmental concerns.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Design sludge treatment plants.
  DWAs: Design civil structures or systems.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Gather and analyze water use data to forecast water demand.
  DWAs: Research advanced engineering designs or applications.

[Supplemental] [23% incumbents] Perform mathematical modeling of underground or surface water resources, such as floodplains, ocean coastlines, streams, rivers, or wetlands.
  DWAs: Create models of engineering designs or methods.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Review and critique proposals, plans, or designs related to water or wastewater treatment systems.
  DWAs: Evaluate designs or specifications to ensure quality.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Design pumping systems, pumping stations, pipelines, force mains, or sewers for the collection of wastewater.
  DWAs: Design industrial processing systems.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Conduct water quality studies to identify and characterize water pollutant sources.
  DWAs: Investigate the environmental impact of projects.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Conduct cost-benefit analyses for the construction of water supply systems, runoff collection networks, water and wastewater treatment plants, or wastewater collection systems.
  DWAs: Analyze costs and benefits of proposed designs or projects.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Conduct feasibility studies for the construction of facilities, such as water supply systems, runoff collection networks, water and wastewater treatment plants, or wastewater collection systems.
  DWAs: Research advanced engineering designs or applications.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Analyze storm water or floodplain drainage systems to control erosion, stabilize river banks, repair channel streams, or design bridges.
  DWAs: Analyze physical, survey, or geographic data.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Perform hydrological analyses, using three-dimensional simulation software, to model the movement of water or forecast the dispersion of chemical pollutants in the water supply.
  DWAs: Create models of engineering designs or methods.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Perform hydraulic analyses of water supply systems or water distribution networks to model flow characteristics, test for pressure losses, or to identify opportunities to mitigate risks and improve operational efficiency.
  DWAs: Analyze operational data to evaluate operations, processes or products.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Write technical reports or publications related to water resources development or water use efficiency.
  DWAs: Prepare technical or operational reports.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Conduct environmental impact studies related to water and wastewater collection, treatment, or distribution.
  DWAs: Investigate the environmental impact of projects.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Analyze the efficiency of water delivery structures, such as dams, tainter gates, canals, pipes, penstocks, or cofferdams.
  DWAs: Analyze operational data to evaluate operations, processes or products.

--- SKILLS ---
  Reading Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.38) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Writing (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Critical Thinking (imp:4.00 lvl:4.12) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Active Listening (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Mathematics (imp:3.88 lvl:4.50) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Speaking (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Monitoring (imp:3.62 lvl:4.00) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Science (imp:3.50) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
  Active Learning (imp:3.25 lvl:4.00) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Learning Strategies (imp:3.12 lvl:3.75) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Engineering and Technology (imp:4.70 lvl:6.35) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Design (imp:4.48 lvl:6.17) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  English Language (imp:4.23 lvl:4.61) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Mathematics (imp:4.22 lvl:5.13) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Building and Construction (imp:3.83 lvl:5.04) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Administration and Management (imp:3.57 lvl:4.48) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Mechanical (imp:3.52 lvl:4.35) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Physics (imp:3.52 lvl:4.70) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Chemistry (imp:3.45 lvl:4.65) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:3.43 lvl:4.00) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Law and Government (imp:3.26 lvl:3.91) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Biology (imp:3.23 lvl:4.52) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Sales and Marketing (imp:3.22 lvl:3.87) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Computers and Electronics (imp:3.14 lvl:4.09) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Economics and Accounting (imp:3.00 lvl:3.30) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:2.96 lvl:3.48) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Public Safety and Security (imp:2.91 lvl:3.30) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Education and Training (imp:2.68 lvl:3.48) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Administrative (imp:2.59 lvl:3.43) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Production and Processing (imp:2.35 lvl:2.43) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Geography (imp:2.22 lvl:3.04) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Communications and Media (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Transportation (imp:2.00 lvl:2.09) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Telecommunications (imp:1.87 lvl:1.38) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Psychology (imp:1.78 lvl:1.39) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Foreign Language (imp:1.39 lvl:0.78) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  History and Archeology (imp:1.35 lvl:0.74) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:1.27 lvl:0.73) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:1.17 lvl:0.35) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Fine Arts (imp:1.09 lvl:0.09) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
  Food Production (imp:1.04 lvl:0.13) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.04 lvl:0.17) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.00) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r

--- ABILITIES ---
  Oral Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.88) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Written Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.62) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Oral Expression (imp:4.00 lvl:4.75) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Written Expression (imp:4.00 lvl:4.12) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:4.00 lvl:4.88) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:4.00 lvl:4.12) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Information Ordering (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:3.88 lvl:4.38) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:3.88 lvl:4.50) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Number Facility (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Visualization (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Near Vision (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Originality (imp:3.62 lvl:3.88) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.38 lvl:3.25) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.25 lvl:3.62) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Selective Attention (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Far Vision (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Perceptual Speed (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Time Sharing (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.75 lvl:3.00) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Memorization (imp:2.38 lvl:2.88) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:2.12 lvl:2.38) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Depth Perception (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Finger Dexterity (imp:1.62 lvl:1.25) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Control Precision (imp:1.62 lvl:0.88) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Spatial Orientation (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Trunk Strength (imp:1.38 lvl:0.50) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:1.12 lvl:0.25) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:1.00) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Manual Dexterity (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Response Orientation (imp:1.00) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Rate Control (imp:1.00) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Reaction Time (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Static Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Dynamic Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Stamina (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Extent Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:1.00) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:1.00) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Night Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Sound Localization (imp:1.00) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:4.55 lvl:5.64) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Getting Information (imp:4.50 lvl:4.83) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:4.43 lvl:5.04) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Working with Computers (imp:4.41 lvl:3.87) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:4.30 lvl:5.22) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:4.23 lvl:4.83) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:4.22 lvl:5.57) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:4.17 lvl:5.04) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:4.09 lvl:5.39) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Processing Information (imp:3.95 lvl:5.13) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:3.91 lvl:4.91) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:3.90 lvl:4.65) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:3.87 lvl:4.96) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:3.87 lvl:5.04) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:3.83 lvl:4.65) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:3.82 lvl:5.04) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:3.78 lvl:4.61) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:3.77 lvl:4.22) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Thinking Creatively (imp:3.65 lvl:4.83) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:3.61 lvl:4.32) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:3.57 lvl:4.39) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:3.57 lvl:4.00) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:3.57 lvl:4.26) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:3.52 lvl:4.96) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:3.52 lvl:4.04) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:3.41 lvl:3.87) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:3.30 lvl:4.57) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.26 lvl:3.83) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:3.26 lvl:4.17) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:3.00 lvl:3.30) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:2.91 lvl:3.52) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:2.87 lvl:3.70) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:2.64 lvl:3.48) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:2.59 lvl:2.91) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:2.17 lvl:1.65) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:2.00 lvl:1.70) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:1.87 lvl:1.91) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:1.83 lvl:1.57) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:1.74 lvl:1.22) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:1.70 lvl:1.05) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:1.52 lvl:1.26) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:4.00 lvl:4.12) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:3.88 lvl:4.75) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Systems Analysis (imp:3.88 lvl:4.12) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Systems Evaluation (imp:3.88 lvl:4.12) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Time Management (imp:3.75 lvl:3.88) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Operations Analysis (imp:3.25 lvl:3.88) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:3.25 lvl:3.62) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Coordination (imp:3.12 lvl:3.62) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Instructing (imp:3.12 lvl:3.62) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Persuasion (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Negotiation (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Service Orientation (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Technology Design (imp:2.88 lvl:3.25) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Operations Monitoring (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:2.62 lvl:3.38) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:2.25 lvl:2.75) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Programming (imp:2.12 lvl:2.50) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Operation and Control (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Troubleshooting (imp:2.12 lvl:2.25) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Management of Material Resources (imp:2.12 lvl:2.75) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Equipment Selection (imp:1.75 lvl:1.00) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.00) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Repairing (imp:1.00) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 367,840
  annual_median    : $100,840
  annual_pct10     : $68,240
  annual_pct25     : $79,930
  annual_pct75     : $129,680
  annual_pct90     : $163,220
  annual_mean      : $108,670
  hourly_median    : $48.48

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : California ($122,500)
  lowest_state     : Puerto Rico ($61,060)
  dispersion_ratio : 2.006x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (53 total) ---
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:  208,300  median: $ 100,690
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:   85,150  median: $ 108,900
  Construction                             emp:   48,860  median: $  84,200
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:    5,170  median: $ 103,010
  Manufacturing                            emp:    4,440  median: $ 107,120
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:    3,040  median: $ 123,980
  Real Estate and Rental and Leasing       emp:    2,910  median: $  80,870
  Utilities                                emp:    2,230  median: $ 112,820
  Educational Services                     emp:    2,030  median: $ 105,410
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:    1,350  median: $  95,050

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (17 total) ---
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:  208,300  median: $ 100,690
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:   85,150  median: $ 108,900
  Construction                             emp:   48,860  median: $  84,200
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:    5,170  median: $ 103,010
  Manufacturing                            emp:    4,440  median: $ 107,120
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:    3,040  median: $ 123,980
  Real Estate and Rental and Leasing       emp:    2,910  median: $  80,870
  Utilities                                emp:    2,230  median: $ 112,820
  Educational Services                     emp:    2,030  median: $ 105,410
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:    1,350  median: $  95,050

exact_match_status : no_exact_match
matched_title      : N/A
match_score        : 0.0000
wikidata_qid       : N/A
word_count         : 0
wikipedia_url      : N/A
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T20:30:54.812808Z

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Wastewater treatment (similarity: 0.5652)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastewater_treatment
  QID: Q20127660
  Extract: Wastewater treatment is a process which removes contaminants from wastewater. The resulting effluent, discharged to a water body, has an acceptable impact on the environment. Domestic wastewater, also called municipal wastewater or sewage, is processed at a sewage treatment plant. Industrial wastewa

  Title: Reclaimed water (similarity: 0.2439)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reclaimed_water
  QID: Q3267830
  Extract: Water reclamation is the process of converting municipal wastewater or sewage and industrial wastewater into water that can be reused for a variety of purposes. It is also called wastewater reuse, water reuse or water recycling. There are many types of reuse. It is possible to reuse water in this wa

  Title: Sanitary engineering (similarity: 0.5217)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanitary_engineering
  QID: Q3306798
  Extract: Sanitary engineering or sanitation engineering, also known as public health engineering or wastewater engineering, is the application of engineering methods to improve sanitation of human communities, primarily by providing the removal and disposal of human waste, and in addition to the supply of sa

  Title: Sewage treatment (similarity: 0.3810)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewage_treatment
  QID: Q221275
  Extract: Sewage treatment is a type of wastewater treatment which aims to remove contaminants from sewage to produce an effluent that is suitable for discharge to the surrounding environment or an intended reuse application, thereby preventing water pollution from raw sewage discharges. Sewage contains waste

  Title: History of water supply and sanitation (similarity: 0.3438)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_water_supply_and_sanitation
  QID: Q17078604
  Extract: Ever since the emergence of sedentary societies, human settlements have had to contend with the closely-related logistical challenges of sanitation and of reliably obtaining clean water. Where water resources, infrastructure or sanitation systems were insufficient, diseases spread and people fell si

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong O*NET data with detailed task descriptions, clear skill/knowledge profiles, and robust wage data from BLS OEWS May 2025. RIASEC profile and work activities provide clear occupational identity.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T14:33:56.749009+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,464
tokens_output        : 4,113
cost_usd             : $0.044045
wikipedia_used       : False
wikipedia_title      : None
wikipedia_note       : No exact Wikipedia match found. Closest semantic neighbor is 'Wastewater treatment' (0.565 similarity), which covers the treatment processes these engineers design but not the engineering profession itself.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Water/Wastewater Engineers design and oversee critical infrastructure systems that provide clean drinking water, treat sewage and wastewater, and prevent flood damage. They develop treatment plants, distribution networks, and collection systems while ensuring regulatory compliance and environmental protection. These engineers combine technical expertise in hydraulic modeling, treatment processes, and system design with project management skills to safeguard public health and water resources.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
A typical day involves designing water treatment facilities using CAD software like AutoCAD Civil 3D, performing hydraulic modeling to optimize system performance, and evaluating existing water or wastewater treatment operations for efficiency improvements. They analyze treatment methods, select appropriate equipment to meet government standards, and provide technical supervision to junior engineers and CAD technicians. Much time is spent communicating with government agencies, reviewing environmental compliance documentation, and making critical decisions about treatment processes and system modifications.

WHO THRIVES:
Professionals who excel combine strong realistic and investigative interests, enjoying hands-on problem-solving with complex technical systems while conducting detailed analysis and research. They possess exceptional mathematical abilities (level 4.5) and engineering knowledge (level 6.3), with high deductive reasoning skills (level 4.9) for troubleshooting system issues. Success requires excellent oral and written communication abilities for coordinating with diverse stakeholders including government agencies, contractors, and community members. These engineers thrive on making decisions that directly protect public health and environmental quality.

CAREER ENTRY:
Entry requires a bachelor's degree in civil, environmental, or related engineering discipline, with 69.6% of professionals holding bachelor's degrees and 26.1% holding master's degrees. New graduates typically start as junior engineers working under experienced professionals to gain hands-on experience with treatment processes, regulatory requirements, and design software. Professional Engineer (PE) licensure is often required for independent practice and project approval authority.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Career progression leads to senior project engineer roles, consulting positions, or management of municipal water departments and environmental consulting firms. Many advance to become water resource specialists, environmental engineers, or start their own consulting practices specializing in water infrastructure. Some transition into regulatory roles with government agencies or pursue advanced positions in large-scale infrastructure development and smart water technology implementation.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
Water/Wastewater Engineers earn a median annual salary of $100,840 according to BLS OEWS May 2025, with the 90th percentile reaching $163,220, reflecting strong demand for specialized infrastructure expertise. Employment of 367,840 professionals is concentrated in professional services (208,300), government agencies (85,150), and construction (48,860), with California offering the highest wages at $122,500. Geographic wage variation shows a 2.01x ratio between highest and lowest paying regions, indicating regional differences in infrastructure investment and living costs. Job Zone 4 classification reflects considerable preparation requirements, supporting premium compensation levels.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
While CAD software and modeling tools continue advancing, core engineering judgment for system design, regulatory compliance evaluation, and complex problem-solving remains highly resistant to automation. The critical nature of water safety decisions and need for professional liability requires human expertise and PE licensure that cannot be automated.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [skill_overlap] Environmental Engineers (17-2081.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles share critical thinking (4.0+ importance), environmental compliance evaluation, and regulatory documentation preparation as core activities.
    data: Critical Thinking (imp:4.0)
    data: Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:4.2)
    data: environmental documentation preparation
  [knowledge_overlap] Civil Engineers (17-2051.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Engineering and Technology knowledge (4.7 importance), Design knowledge (4.5 importance), and Building/Construction knowledge (3.8 importance) are fundamental to both roles.
    data: Engineering and Technology (imp:4.7)
    data: Design (imp:4.5)
    data: Building and Construction (imp:3.8)
  [career_pathway] Water Resource Specialists (11-9121.02) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Water/Wastewater Engineers commonly advance to water resource specialist positions, leveraging their technical design experience for broader resource management.
    data: water resource technical support
    data: water distribution system design
    data: water runoff collection network design
  [task_similarity] Chemical Engineers (17-2041.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both roles analyze and recommend chemical treatment methods and design industrial processing systems for treatment applications.
    data: chemical wastewater treatment methods
    data: Design industrial processing systems
    data: treatment process optimization
  [riasec_cluster] Energy Engineers, Except Wind and Solar (17-2199.03) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both exhibit strong Realistic (5.62) and Investigative (5.35) RIASEC profiles, focusing on technical system design and analytical problem-solving.
    data: R:5.62
    data: I:5.35
    data: technical system design
    data: analytical problem-solving

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['water engineer', 'wastewater engineer', 'water treatment', 'wastewater treatment', 'water systems', 'sewage treatment', 'water infrastructure', 'hydraulic modeling']
  exclude_keywords : ['water resource specialist', 'environmental scientist', 'plumber', 'water technician', 'operator']
  title_patterns   : ['Water Engineer', 'Wastewater Engineer', 'Water/Wastewater Engineer', 'Water Systems Engineer', 'Wastewater Design Engineer']
  common_variations: ['water engineer', 'wastewater engineer', 'water treatment engineer', 'sewage engineer', 'water infrastructure engineer', 'hydraulic engineer', 'water project engineer', 'wastewater design engineer']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['water', 'treatment', 'wastewater', 'design', 'others', 'equipment', 'engineering', 'technical', 'principles', 'resources', 'environmental', 'sewage', 'structures', 'includes', 'human', 'objects', 'quality', 'activities', 'body', 'reuse']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
water                      68  0.02456  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:53%  wikipedia:31%  inference:16%
treatment                  40  0.01445  wikipedia            wikipedia:45%  onet_tasks:25%  inference:22%
wastewater                 36  0.01300  wikipedia            wikipedia:50%  onet_tasks:36%  inference:14%
design                     32  0.01156  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:34%  dwas:31%  onet_dimensions:19%
others                     30  0.01083  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:93%  dwas:7%
equipment                  27  0.00975  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:85%  dwas:7%  onet_tasks:4%
engineering                20  0.00722  wikipedia            wikipedia:40%  dwas:25%  inference:20%
technical                  16  0.00578  dwas                 dwas:38%  onet_tasks:25%  onet_dimensions:19%
principles                 16  0.00578  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
resources                  15  0.00542  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:60%  onet_tasks:27%  wikipedia:7%
environmental              14  0.00506  inference            inference:43%  dwas:36%  wikipedia:14%
sewage                     14  0.00506  wikipedia            wikipedia:93%  inference:7%
structures                 12  0.00433  dwas                 dwas:50%  onet_dimensions:42%  onet_tasks:8%
includes                   12  0.00433  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
human                      12  0.00433  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:58%  wikipedia:33%  inference:8%
objects                    12  0.00433  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
quality                    11  0.00397  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:55%  dwas:27%  onet_tasks:9%
activities                 11  0.00397  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:82%  dwas:9%  wikipedia:9%
body                       11  0.00397  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:91%  wikipedia:9%
reuse                      11  0.00397  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
control                    10  0.00361  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:80%  onet_tasks:20%
government                 10  0.00361  inference            inference:50%  onet_dimensions:30%  onet_tasks:20%
performance                10  0.00361  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:70%  dwas:20%  inference:10%
techniques                 10  0.00361  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
materials                  10  0.00361  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
management                 10  0.00361  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:70%  inference:20%  wikipedia:10%
operations                 10  0.00361  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:60%  dwas:30%  inference:10%
engineers                   9  0.00325  inference            inference:89%  onet_tasks:11%
industrial                  9  0.00325  wikipedia            wikipedia:56%  onet_tasks:22%  dwas:22%
efficiency                  9  0.00325  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:56%  dwas:33%  inference:11%
collection                  9  0.00325  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:78%  wikipedia:11%  inference:11%
problems                    9  0.00325  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
problem                     9  0.00325  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:78%  inference:22%
ideas                       9  0.00325  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
quickly                     9  0.00325  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
performing                  9  0.00325  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  inference:11%
improve                     8  0.00289  dwas                 dwas:38%  onet_tasks:25%  onet_dimensions:25%
supply                      8  0.00289  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:75%  wikipedia:25%
designs                     8  0.00289  dwas                 dwas:75%  onet_tasks:12%  onet_dimensions:12%
monitoring                  8  0.00289  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%