[Core] [26% incumbents] Advise architects, builders, and other construction personnel on fire prevention equipment and techniques and on fire code and standard interpretation and compliance.
  DWAs: Advise others on health and safety issues.

[Core] [26% incumbents] Design fire detection equipment, alarm systems, and fire extinguishing devices and systems.
  DWAs: Develop fire safety or prevention programs or plans.

[Core] [26% incumbents] Inspect buildings or building designs to determine fire protection system requirements and potential problems in areas such as water supplies, exit locations, and construction materials.
  DWAs: Inspect facilities or sites to determine if they meet specifications or standards.

[Core] [26% incumbents] Review building plans to verify compliance with fire code.
  DWAs: Evaluate construction projects to determine compliance with external standards or regulations. | Examine documents to verify adherence to requirements. | Review documents or materials for compliance with policies or regulations.

[Core] [26% incumbents] Prepare and write reports detailing specific fire prevention and protection issues, such as work performed, revised codes or standards, and proposed review schedules.
  DWAs: Prepare technical or operational reports.

[Core] [26% incumbents] Consult with authorities to discuss safety regulations and to recommend changes as necessary.
  DWAs: Advise others on health and safety issues.

[Core] [26% incumbents] Evaluate fire department performance and the laws and regulations affecting fire prevention or fire safety.
  DWAs: Evaluate applicable laws and regulations to determine impact on organizational activities.

[Core] [26% incumbents] Direct the purchase, modification, installation, testing, maintenance, and operation of fire prevention and protection systems.
  DWAs: Coordinate safety or regulatory compliance activities. | Direct installation activities. | Direct equipment maintenance or repair activities.

[Core] [26% incumbents] Attend workshops, seminars, or conferences to present or obtain information regarding fire prevention and protection.
  DWAs: Update technical knowledge.

[Core] [26% incumbents] Determine causes of fires and ways in which they could have been prevented.
  DWAs: Determine causes of operational problems or failures.

[Core] [26% incumbents] Develop training materials and conduct training sessions on fire protection.
  DWAs: Teach safety standards or environmental compliance methods.

[Core] [26% incumbents] Study the relationships between ignition sources and materials to determine how fires start.
  DWAs: Examine debris to obtain information about causes of fires. | Research topics in area of expertise.

[Core] [26% incumbents] Develop plans for the prevention of destruction by fire, wind, and water.
  DWAs: Prepare detailed work plans.

[Core] [26% incumbents] Conduct research on fire retardants and the fire safety of materials and devices.
  DWAs: Research topics in area of expertise. | Conduct research to inform art, designs, or other work.

[EMERGING:New] Develop or modify building codes and fire codes.

[EMERGING:New] Perform testing on fire protection equipment or building features, such as fire doors or smoke control systems.

[EMERGING:Revision] Review building plans to verify compliance with fire and building codes.

--- SKILLS ---
  Critical Thinking (imp:4.25 lvl:4.25) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Reading Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Speaking (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Active Listening (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Writing (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Active Learning (imp:3.88 lvl:4.12) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Science (imp:3.62 lvl:3.75) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
  Mathematics (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Learning Strategies (imp:3.12 lvl:3.38) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Monitoring (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Engineering and Technology (imp:4.88 lvl:6.42) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Building and Construction (imp:4.50 lvl:5.73) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Design (imp:4.48 lvl:6.08) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Mathematics (imp:4.15 lvl:5.19) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Public Safety and Security (imp:4.15 lvl:4.54) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  English Language (imp:4.12 lvl:4.96) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Physics (imp:3.92 lvl:5.00) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Chemistry (imp:3.73 lvl:4.46) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:3.72 lvl:5.04) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Mechanical (imp:3.54 lvl:4.65) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Law and Government (imp:3.44 lvl:3.69) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Computers and Electronics (imp:3.42 lvl:4.12) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Education and Training (imp:3.36 lvl:4.58) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Administration and Management (imp:3.23 lvl:4.27) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Sales and Marketing (imp:2.73 lvl:3.85) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Administrative (imp:2.58 lvl:3.50) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:2.50 lvl:3.23) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Communications and Media (imp:2.38 lvl:2.73) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Telecommunications (imp:2.35 lvl:2.65) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Economics and Accounting (imp:2.32 lvl:2.35) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Psychology (imp:2.32 lvl:2.88) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Production and Processing (imp:2.23 lvl:2.54) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Geography (imp:2.00 lvl:2.46) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Transportation (imp:2.00 lvl:2.16) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Biology (imp:1.88 lvl:1.81) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:1.84 lvl:1.81) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  History and Archeology (imp:1.62 lvl:1.42) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Foreign Language (imp:1.58 lvl:1.15) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.32 lvl:0.92) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Food Production (imp:1.31 lvl:0.81) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.31 lvl:0.65) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:1.27 lvl:0.69) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Fine Arts (imp:1.23 lvl:0.38) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform

--- ABILITIES ---
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:4.38 lvl:4.38) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:4.12 lvl:4.62) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:4.12 lvl:4.25) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Oral Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.25) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Written Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.12) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Oral Expression (imp:4.00 lvl:4.25) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Written Expression (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Near Vision (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Information Ordering (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.88 lvl:4.12) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.88 lvl:3.75) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.62 lvl:4.00) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:3.50 lvl:3.75) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Far Vision (imp:3.50 lvl:3.62) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Visualization (imp:3.38 lvl:3.62) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Originality (imp:3.25 lvl:3.75) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Number Facility (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Perceptual Speed (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Speed of Closure (imp:3.00 lvl:3.25) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:3.00 lvl:3.25) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Selective Attention (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Memorization (imp:2.62 lvl:2.50) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Time Sharing (imp:2.50 lvl:2.12) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.38 lvl:2.38) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Depth Perception (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.12 lvl:1.88) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Finger Dexterity (imp:1.88 lvl:1.25) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:1.88 lvl:0.88) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Trunk Strength (imp:1.88 lvl:1.38) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Spatial Orientation (imp:1.75 lvl:1.38) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Control Precision (imp:1.50 lvl:0.62) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Extent Flexibility (imp:1.25 lvl:0.38) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Stamina (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:1.00) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Manual Dexterity (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Response Orientation (imp:1.00) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Rate Control (imp:1.00) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Reaction Time (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Static Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Dynamic Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo
  Night Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Sound Localization (imp:1.00) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:4.64 lvl:5.42) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:4.48 lvl:5.50) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:4.38 lvl:5.58) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Getting Information (imp:4.35 lvl:5.31) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Working with Computers (imp:4.19 lvl:4.12) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:4.19 lvl:4.96) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:4.15 lvl:4.96) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Processing Information (imp:4.00 lvl:5.40) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:3.96 lvl:5.00) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:3.92 lvl:4.77) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:3.92 lvl:5.04) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:3.92 lvl:4.77) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:3.92 lvl:5.12) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:3.88 lvl:4.88) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:3.88 lvl:4.58) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:3.84 lvl:4.73) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:3.81 lvl:4.35) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:3.77 lvl:4.42) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Thinking Creatively (imp:3.73 lvl:4.85) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:3.72 lvl:4.77) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:3.58 lvl:4.62) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:3.56 lvl:4.73) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:3.54 lvl:4.35) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:3.48 lvl:4.32) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:3.42 lvl:4.23) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:3.38 lvl:4.08) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:3.38 lvl:4.50) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.36 lvl:4.54) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:3.28 lvl:4.27) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:3.04 lvl:3.62) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:2.92 lvl:3.81) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:2.80 lvl:3.81) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:2.67 lvl:3.24) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:2.54 lvl:2.92) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:2.28 lvl:2.84) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:2.08 lvl:2.08) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:1.92 lvl:1.42) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:1.80 lvl:1.52) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:1.77 lvl:2.00) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:1.65 lvl:1.38) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:1.58 lvl:1.27) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Dependability (imp:7.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Attention to Detail (imp:6.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Integrity (imp:5.00) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Cautiousness (imp:4.00) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:3.00) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.77) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Cautiousness (imp:2.74) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Dependability (imp:2.65) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Integrity (imp:2.36) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:2.20) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Innovation (imp:2.09) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Achievement Orientation (imp:2.01) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Achievement Orientation (imp:2.00) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Perseverance (imp:1.97) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Adaptability (imp:1.83) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence (imp:1.73) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Leadership Orientation (imp:1.70) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Initiative (imp:1.69) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Cooperation (imp:1.63) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Stress Tolerance (imp:1.58) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control (imp:1.53) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:1.37) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Sincerity (imp:1.16) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Innovation (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Social Orientation (imp:0.97) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Humility (imp:0.53) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Empathy (imp:0.35) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Optimism (imp:0.07) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:4.00 lvl:4.12) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Systems Analysis (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Systems Evaluation (imp:3.88 lvl:4.12) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Operations Analysis (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:3.38 lvl:3.38) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Time Management (imp:3.38 lvl:3.50) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Coordination (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Persuasion (imp:3.12 lvl:3.50) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Instructing (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Negotiation (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Service Orientation (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Technology Design (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Operations Monitoring (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Troubleshooting (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Management of Material Resources (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:2.62 lvl:2.75) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Equipment Selection (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Operation and Control (imp:1.75 lvl:1.38) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Programming (imp:1.62 lvl:0.88) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.00) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Repairing (imp:1.00) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 21,450
  annual_median    : $115,160
  annual_pct10     : $68,420
  annual_pct25     : $90,930
  annual_pct75     : $142,980
  annual_pct90     : $171,250
  annual_mean      : $119,770
  hourly_median    : $55.36

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : California ($131,540)
  lowest_state     : West Virginia ($76,700)
  dispersion_ratio : 1.715x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (45 total) ---
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:    4,990  median: $ 113,410
  Manufacturing                            emp:    4,840  median: $ 116,050
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:    2,610  median: $ 116,020
  Construction                             emp:    1,960  median: $ 103,450
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:    1,050  median: $ 129,560
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:      900  median: $ 103,330
  Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction emp:      680  median: $ 135,300
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:      640  median: $ 107,760
  Utilities                                emp:      500  median: $ 125,270
  Transportation and Warehousing           emp:      430  median: $ 100,930

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (14 total) ---
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:    4,990  median: $ 113,410
  Manufacturing                            emp:    4,840  median: $ 116,050
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:    2,610  median: $ 116,020
  Construction                             emp:    1,960  median: $ 103,450
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:    1,050  median: $ 129,560
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:      900  median: $ 103,330
  Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction emp:      680  median: $ 135,300
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:      640  median: $ 107,760
  Utilities                                emp:      500  median: $ 125,270
  Transportation and Warehousing           emp:      430  median: $ 100,930

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Fire protection engineering
match_score        : 0.7164
wikidata_qid       : Q567716
word_count         : 1,485
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_protection_engineering
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T20:32:36.748476Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
Fire protection engineering is the application of science and engineering principles to protect people, property, and their environments from the harmful and destructive effects of fire and smoke. It encompasses engineering which focuses on fire detection, suppression and mitigation and fire safety engineering which focuses on human behavior and maintaining a tenable environment for evacuation from a fire. In the United States 'fire protection engineering' is often used to include 'fire safety engineering'.
The discipline of fire engineering includes, but is not exclusive to:

Fire detection – fire alarm systems and brigade call systems
Active fire protection – fire suppression systems
Passive fire protection – fire and smoke barriers, space separation
Smoke control and management
Escape facilities – emergency exits, fire lifts, etc.
Building design, layout, and space planning
Fire prevention programs
Fire dynamics and fire modeling
Human behavior during fire events
Risk analysis, including economic factors
Wildfire management
Fire protection engineers identify risks and design safeguards that aid in preventing, controlling, and mitigating the effects of fires. Fire engineers assist architects, building owners and developers in evaluating buildings' life safety and property protection goals. Fire engineers are also employed as fire investigators, including such very large-scale cases as the analysis of the collapse of the World Trade Center. NASA uses fire engineers in its space program to help improve safety. Fire engineers are also employed to provide 3rd party review for performance based fire engineering solutions submitted in support of local building regulation applications.


== History ==
Fire engineering's roots date back to ancient Rome, when the Emperor Nero ordered the city to be rebuilt utilizing passive fire protection methods, such as space separation and non-combustible building materials, after a catastrophic fire. The discipline of fire engineering emerged in the early 20th century as a distinct discipline, separate from civil, mechanical and chemical engineering, in response to new fire problems posed by the Industrial Revolution. Another motivation to organize the discipline, define practices and conduct research to support innovations was in response to the catastrophic conflagrations and mass urban fires that swept many major cities during the latter half of the 19th century (see city or area fires). The insurance industry also helped promote advancements in the fire engineering profession and the development of fire protection systems and equipment.
In 1903 the first degree program in fire protection engineering was initiated as the Armour Institute of Technology (later becoming part of the Illinois Institute of Technology).
Early in the 20th century, several catastrophic fires resulted in changes to regulations and buildings codes to better protect people and property from fire.


== Education ==
Fire engineers, like their counterparts in other engineering and scientific disciplines, undertake a formal course of education and continuing professional development to acquire and maintain their competence. This education typically includes foundation studies in mathematics, physics, chemistry, and technical writing. Professional engineering studies focus students on acquiring proficiency in material science, statics, dynamics, thermodynamics, fluid dynamics, heat transfer, engineering economics, ethics, systems in engineering, reliability, and environmental psychology. Studies in combustion, probabilistic risk assessment or risk management, the design of fire suppression systems, fire alarm systems, building fire safety, and the application and interpretation of model building codes, and the measurement and simulation of fire phenomena complete most curricula.
New Zealand was one of the first countries in the world to introduce performance based assessment methods into their building codes in regard to fire safety. This occurred with the introduction of their 1991 Building Act. Professor Andy Buchanan, of the University of Canterbury, established the first post graduate and only course available in New Zealand, at the time, in fire safety engineering in 1995. Applicants to the course require a minimum qualification of a bachelor's degree in engineering or bachelor's degree in a limited list of science course. Notable alumni from the university of Canterbury include Sir Ernest Rutherford, Robert (Bob) Park, Roy Kerr, Michael P. Collins, and John Britten. A master's degree in fire engineering from the University of Canterbury is recognized under the Washington Accord.
In the United States, the University of Maryland (UMD) offers the ABET-accredited B.S. degree program in Fire Protection Engineering, as well as graduate degrees and a distance M.Eng. program. Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) offers an M.S. and a Ph.D. in Fire Protection Engineering as well as online graduate programs in this discipline (M.S. and a Graduate Certificate). As of 2011, Cal Poly offers an M.S. in Fire Protection Engineering. Oklahoma State University offers an ABET-accredited B.S. in Fire Protection and Safety Engineering Technology (established in 1937), Eastern Kentucky University also offers an ABET-accredited B.S. in Fire Protection and Safety Engineering Technology, the Case School of Engineering at Case Western Reserve University offers a master's degree track in Fire Science and Engineering, University of New Haven offers a B.S. in Fire Protection Engineering, and the University of Cincinnati offers an associate degree in Fire Science and a bachelor's degree in Fire and Safety Engineering Technology as distance learning options, the only university in the U.S. and Canada to hold this distinction.
Canada has fire engineering programs at York University and the University of Waterloo.
Final design of fire sprinkler systems and hydraulic calculations is commonly performed by design technicians who are often educated in-house at contracting firms throughout North America, with the objective of preparing designers for certification by testing by associations such as NICET (National Institute for Certification in Engineering Technologies). NICET certification is commonly used as a proof of competency for securing a license to design and install fire protection systems.
In Europe, the University of Edinburgh offers a degree in Fire Engineering and had its first fire research group in the 1970s. These activities are now conducted at the new BRE Centre for Fire Safety Engineering. The University of Leeds uniquely offers an MSc award in Fire and Explosion Engineering.
Other European Universities active in fire engineering are:

Ghent University
Imperial College London
Letterkenny Institute of Technology
Linnaeus University
Luleå University of Technology
London South Bank University
Lund University
Norwegian University of Science
Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg
Stord/Haugesund University College
University of Applied Sciences Cologne
University of Cantabria
University of Central Lancashire
University of Greenwich
University of Manchester
University of Poitiers
University of Sheffield
University of Ulster
University of Wales (Newport)
University of Warwick
Glasgow Caledonian University
Vilnius Gediminas Technikal University
The University of Ulster introduced its first fire safety programmes in 1975, followed by the first MSc Programme in Fire Safety Engineering in the United Kingdom introduced in 1990. In 2005 this MSc Programme will celebrate 25 years of unbroken service to higher fire safety engineering education. In 2004 the Institute for Fire Safety Engineering and Technology at the University of Ulster FireSERT occupied its new fire safety engineering laboratories which were funded by £6 million pound Infrastructure Award. The new facilities are state of the art fire safety engineering laboratories including a large scale burn hall and a 10

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: United States Air Force Fire Protection (similarity: 0.3797)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Fire_Protection
  QID: Q104852703
  Extract: The United States Air Force Fire Protection career specialty is the military's premiere specialty in fire protection. Much like their civilian counterparts, these military firefighters protect people, property, and the environment from fires and disasters. They provide firefighting, specialized resc

  Title: California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (similarity: 0.3226)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Department_of_Forestry_and_Fire_Protection
  QID: Q5020422
  Extract: The California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection is the fire department of the California Natural Resources Agency in the U.S. state of California. It is responsible for fire protection in various areas under state responsibility totaling 31 million acres, as well as the administration of t

  Title: National Fire Protection Association (similarity: 0.4474)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Fire_Protection_Association
  QID: Q1806416
  Extract: The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) is a U.S.-based international nonprofit organization devoted to eliminating death, injury, property damage, and economic loss due to fire, electrical, and related hazards. As of 2025, the NFPA claims to have 50,000 members and 10,000 volunteers working

  Title: Deflagration (similarity: 0.2308)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deflagration
  QID: Q1182714
  Extract: Deflagration is subsonic combustion in which a pre-mixed flame propagates through an explosive or a mixture of fuel and oxidizer. Deflagrations in high and low explosives or fuel–oxidizer mixtures may transition to a detonation depending upon confinement and other factors. Most fires found in daily 

  Title: Engineer (similarity: 0.3333)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineer
  QID: Q81096
  Extract: An engineer is a practitioner of engineering. The word engineer is derived from the Latin words ingeniare and ingenium ("cleverness"). The foundational qualifications of a licensed professional engineer typically include a four-year bachelor's degree in an engineering discipline, or in some jurisdic

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong confidence supported by comprehensive O*NET data, clear Wikipedia validation, specific wage data from BLS OEWS May 2025, and well-defined educational requirements showing 84.6% bachelor's degree attainment.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T14:40:35.932384+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,781
tokens_output        : 4,543
cost_usd             : $0.049811
wikipedia_used       : True
wikipedia_title      : Fire protection engineering
wikipedia_note       : The Wikipedia entry confirms this is a distinct engineering discipline focused on applying science and engineering principles to protect people and property from fire and smoke through detection, suppression, and mitigation systems. This aligns with the O*NET description of designing fire protection equipment and evaluating compliance with fire safety standards.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Fire-Prevention and Protection Engineers apply engineering principles to safeguard life and property from fire, explosion, and related hazards through research, design, and consultation. These engineers design fire detection systems, alarm systems, and suppression equipment while evaluating building compliance with fire codes and safety standards. They serve as technical experts who bridge engineering science with public safety, working across construction, manufacturing, and government sectors.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
A typical day involves reviewing building plans and architectural drawings to verify compliance with fire codes and safety standards. Engineers design fire detection equipment, alarm systems, and extinguishing devices using CAD software like AutoCAD and Revit. They inspect buildings and construction sites to assess fire protection system requirements and identify potential safety issues. Much time is spent preparing detailed technical reports on fire prevention issues, consulting with architects and builders on safety equipment recommendations, and communicating with regulatory authorities about code compliance. Engineers also evaluate the performance of existing fire departments and safety systems, directing the installation and testing of fire protection equipment.

WHO THRIVES:
This role attracts detail-oriented problem solvers with strong analytical reasoning abilities who can synthesize complex technical information to ensure public safety. Successful engineers demonstrate exceptional dependability and attention to detail, as their decisions directly impact human safety and property protection. They possess intellectual curiosity about fire science and engineering principles, combined with the cautiousness necessary to anticipate and prevent catastrophic events. Strong verbal and written communication skills are essential for explaining technical concepts to diverse stakeholders including architects, construction personnel, and regulatory officials. Those who excel combine systematic thinking with practical application skills, thriving on the responsibility of protecting communities through engineering solutions.

CAREER ENTRY:
Entry requires a bachelor's degree in fire protection engineering, mechanical engineering, or related engineering discipline, with 84.6% of professionals holding bachelor's degrees according to educational distribution data. Many positions prefer candidates with specialized coursework in fire science, building systems, or safety engineering. Professional Engineer (PE) licensure is typically required for senior positions and consulting roles. Entry-level engineers often begin with design work or code compliance review under supervision before advancing to independent project management and consultation responsibilities.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Career advancement typically leads to senior consulting roles, fire protection engineering management positions, or specialized expertise in areas like forensic fire investigation or industrial fire safety systems. Many professionals become licensed Professional Fire Protection Engineers and establish consulting practices, working with major construction projects and industrial facilities. Leadership paths include directing fire safety programs for large organizations, serving as chief fire protection engineers for government agencies, or advancing to executive roles in engineering consulting firms specializing in life safety systems.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
Fire-Prevention and Protection Engineers earn a median annual salary of $115,160 according to BLS OEWS May 2025 data, with the field employing 21,450 professionals nationwide. Salaries range from $68,420 at the 10th percentile to $171,250 at the 90th percentile, with significant geographic variation from West Virginia ($76,700) to California ($131,540). The largest employment sectors are Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services (4,990 employed), Manufacturing (4,840 employed), and Government (2,610 employed). Demand is driven by increasing building complexity, stricter fire codes, and growing emphasis on life safety systems in construction and industrial facilities. The field shows steady growth prospects as urbanization and regulatory requirements continue expanding.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
The core engineering judgment and safety assessment functions of this role have low automation risk, as they require complex reasoning about human behavior, building systems integration, and regulatory compliance that demand professional expertise. While CAD software and building information modeling tools enhance design efficiency, the critical thinking required for evaluating fire risks, interpreting building codes, and making safety recommendations remains fundamentally human-centered work.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [skill_overlap] Health and Safety Engineers, Except Mining Safety Engineers and Inspectors (17-2111.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles share critical thinking (4.2 importance), writing (3.9 importance), and evaluating compliance with standards as primary work activities.
    data: Critical Thinking skill importance 4.2
    data: Writing skill importance 3.9
    data: Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards work activity
  [knowledge_overlap] Fire Inspectors and Investigators (33-2021.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles require Public Safety and Security knowledge (4.2 importance) and Building and Construction knowledge for fire safety applications.
    data: Public Safety and Security knowledge importance 4.2
    data: Building and Construction knowledge importance 4.5
    data: Fire code compliance tasks
  [riasec_cluster] Environmental Engineers (17-2081.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles exhibit strong Realistic (6.33) and Investigative (5.19) RIASEC patterns, indicating similar problem-solving and technical application orientations.
    data: Realistic RIASEC score 6.33
    data: Investigative RIASEC score 5.19
    data: Engineering and Technology knowledge
  [task_similarity] Construction and Building Inspectors (47-4011.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both roles involve inspecting buildings to determine compliance with codes and standards, and preparing technical reports on findings.
    data: Inspect buildings or building designs task
    data: Review building plans task
    data: Prepare technical reports work activity
  [wage_band] Nuclear Engineers (17-2161.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both engineering roles operate in similar wage ranges reflecting specialized technical expertise and public safety responsibilities.
    data: Median annual salary $115,160
    data: Job Zone 4 classification
    data: Bachelor's degree requirement 84.6%
  [career_pathway] First-Line Supervisors of Firefighting and Prevention Workers (33-1021.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Fire-Prevention Engineers often collaborate with and may advance to supervisory roles in fire prevention organizations based on their technical expertise.
    data: Fire prevention focus
    data: Public Safety and Security knowledge
    data: Advise others on health and safety issues work activity

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['fire protection engineer', 'fire prevention engineer', 'fire safety engineer', 'fire protection design', 'fire code compliance', 'fire detection systems', 'fire suppression systems', 'life safety engineering']
  exclude_keywords : ['firefighter', 'fire inspector', 'fire investigator', 'emergency responder', 'forest fire']
  title_patterns   : ['Fire Protection Engineer', 'Fire Safety Engineer', 'Fire Prevention Engineer', 'Fire Protection Design Engineer', 'Fire Protection Consultant']
  common_variations: ['FPE', 'Licensed Fire Protection Engineer', 'Professional Fire Protection Engineer', 'Fire Protection Designer', 'Fire Safety Consultant', 'Fire Protection Commissioning Engineer', 'Forensic Fire Protection Engineer', 'Fire Protection Systems Engineer']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['fire', 'engineering', 'protection', 'safety', 'university', 'tendency', 'others', 'equipment', 'building', 'engineers', 'principles', 'design', 'materials', 'compliance', 'standards', 'includes', 'control', 'science', 'technology', 'activities']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
fire                      142  0.03800  wikipedia            wikipedia:68%  inference:18%  onet_tasks:14%
engineering                68  0.01820  wikipedia            wikipedia:78%  inference:19%  onet_dimensions:3%
protection                 47  0.01258  wikipedia            wikipedia:64%  inference:21%  onet_tasks:13%
safety                     45  0.01204  wikipedia            wikipedia:44%  inference:36%  dwas:11%
university                 44  0.01177  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
tendency                   42  0.01124  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
others                     40  0.01070  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:95%  dwas:5%
equipment                  33  0.00883  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:70%  inference:15%  onet_tasks:9%
building                   26  0.00696  wikipedia            wikipedia:38%  inference:27%  onet_tasks:23%
engineers                  21  0.00562  wikipedia            wikipedia:57%  inference:43%
principles                 20  0.00535  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:80%  inference:15%  wikipedia:5%
design                     18  0.00482  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:33%  wikipedia:33%  inference:28%
materials                  16  0.00428  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:62%  onet_tasks:25%  dwas:6%
compliance                 15  0.00401  inference            inference:40%  dwas:27%  onet_tasks:20%
standards                  15  0.00401  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:53%  dwas:20%  inference:20%
includes                   15  0.00401  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:80%  wikipedia:20%
control                    14  0.00375  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:86%  onet_tasks:7%  wikipedia:7%
science                    14  0.00375  wikipedia            wikipedia:57%  inference:29%  onet_dimensions:14%
technology                 14  0.00375  wikipedia            wikipedia:71%  onet_dimensions:29%
activities                 14  0.00375  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:64%  dwas:29%  wikipedia:7%
management                 13  0.00348  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:54%  wikipedia:31%  inference:15%
prevention                 12  0.00321  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:50%  inference:25%  wikipedia:17%
problems                   12  0.00321  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:75%  onet_tasks:8%  dwas:8%
codes                      12  0.00321  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:33%  inference:33%  wikipedia:25%
technical                  12  0.00321  inference            inference:42%  onet_dimensions:25%  dwas:17%
human                      12  0.00321  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:58%  inference:25%  wikipedia:17%
objects                    12  0.00321  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
discipline                 12  0.00321  wikipedia            wikipedia:83%  inference:17%
offers                     12  0.00321  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
techniques                 11  0.00294  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:91%  onet_tasks:9%
performance                11  0.00294  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:64%  wikipedia:18%  onet_tasks:9%
ideas                      11  0.00294  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
construction               10  0.00268  inference            inference:50%  onet_tasks:20%  onet_dimensions:20%
research                   10  0.00268  wikipedia            wikipedia:40%  dwas:30%  onet_tasks:10%
resources                  10  0.00268  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:90%  wikipedia:10%
events                     10  0.00268  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:80%  wikipedia:10%  inference:10%
body                       10  0.00268  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
programs                   10  0.00268  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:40%  wikipedia:40%  dwas:10%
fires                       9  0.00241  wikipedia            wikipedia:67%  onet_tasks:22%  dwas:11%
services                    9  0.00241  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  wikipedia:22%  inference:11%