[Core] [84% incumbents] Estimate production costs, cost saving methods, and the effects of product design changes on expenditures for management review, action, and control.
  DWAs: Estimate operational costs.

[Core] [84% incumbents] Plan and establish sequence of operations to fabricate and assemble parts or products and to promote efficient utilization.
  DWAs: Determine operational methods.

[Core] [84% incumbents] Analyze statistical data and product specifications to determine standards and establish quality and reliability objectives of finished product.
  DWAs: Analyze project data to determine specifications or requirements.

[Core] [84% incumbents] Confer with clients, vendors, staff, and management personnel regarding purchases, product and production specifications, manufacturing capabilities, or project status.
  DWAs: Confer with technical personnel to prepare designs or operational plans. | Discuss designs or plans with clients. | Communicate technical information to suppliers, contractors, or regulatory agencies.

[Core] [84% incumbents] Communicate with management and user personnel to develop production and design standards.
  DWAs: Confer with technical personnel to prepare designs or operational plans.

[Core] [84% incumbents] Evaluate precision and accuracy of production and testing equipment and engineering drawings to formulate corrective action plan.
  DWAs: Evaluate designs or specifications to ensure quality.

[Core] [84% incumbents] Recommend methods for improving utilization of personnel, material, and utilities.
  DWAs: Recommend technical design or process changes to improve efficiency, quality, or performance.

[Core] [84% incumbents] Record or oversee recording of information to ensure currency of engineering drawings and documentation of production problems.
  DWAs: Document technical design details.

[Core] [84% incumbents] Draft and design layout of equipment, materials, and workspace to illustrate maximum efficiency using drafting tools and computer.
  DWAs: Create graphical representations of industrial production systems.

[Core] [84% incumbents] Direct workers engaged in product measurement, inspection, and testing activities to ensure quality control and reliability.
  DWAs: Supervise engineering or other technical personnel.

[Core] [84% incumbents] Develop manufacturing methods, labor utilization standards, and cost analysis systems to promote efficient staff and facility utilization.
  DWAs: Develop technical methods or processes.

[Core] [84% incumbents] Review production schedules, engineering specifications, orders, and related information to obtain knowledge of manufacturing methods, procedures, and activities.
  DWAs: Review technical documents to plan work.

[Core] [84% incumbents] Coordinate and implement quality control objectives, activities, or procedures to resolve production problems, maximize product reliability, or minimize costs.
  DWAs: Direct quality control activities.

[Core] [84% incumbents] Implement methods and procedures for disposition of discrepant material and defective or damaged parts, and assess cost and responsibility.
  DWAs: Implement design or process improvements.

[Core] [84% incumbents] Formulate sampling procedures and designs and develop forms and instructions for recording, evaluating, and reporting quality and reliability data.
  DWAs: Devise research or testing protocols.

[Core] [83% incumbents] Complete production reports, purchase orders, and material, tool, and equipment lists.
  DWAs: Prepare procedural documents. | Prepare contracts, disclosures, or applications. | Prepare operational reports.

[Core] [83% incumbents] Apply statistical methods and perform mathematical calculations to determine manufacturing processes, staff requirements, and production standards.
  DWAs: Analyze design or requirements information for mechanical equipment or systems.

[Core] [83% incumbents] Study operations sequence, material flow, functional statements, organization charts, and project information to determine worker functions and responsibilities.
  DWAs: Review technical documents to plan work.

[Supplemental] [83% incumbents] Regulate and alter workflow schedules according to established manufacturing sequences and lead times to expedite production operations.
  DWAs: Schedule operational activities.

[Supplemental] [83% incumbents] Schedule deliveries based on production forecasts, material substitutions, storage and handling facilities, and maintenance requirements.
  DWAs: Schedule operational activities.

--- SKILLS ---
  Reading Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.50) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Active Listening (imp:4.00 lvl:4.12) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Critical Thinking (imp:4.00 lvl:4.12) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Speaking (imp:3.88 lvl:4.12) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Writing (imp:3.75 lvl:4.12) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Monitoring (imp:3.38 lvl:4.25) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Mathematics (imp:3.25 lvl:3.88) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Active Learning (imp:3.25 lvl:3.88) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Learning Strategies (imp:2.75 lvl:3.00) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Science (imp:2.12 lvl:1.75) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Engineering and Technology (imp:4.41 lvl:5.02) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Production and Processing (imp:4.28 lvl:4.70) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Mechanical (imp:4.20 lvl:5.05) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Design (imp:4.08 lvl:5.18) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  English Language (imp:3.96 lvl:4.38) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Mathematics (imp:3.89 lvl:4.86) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Computers and Electronics (imp:3.77 lvl:4.46) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Administration and Management (imp:3.45 lvl:3.91) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:3.42 lvl:3.88) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Education and Training (imp:3.34 lvl:4.49) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Public Safety and Security (imp:3.12 lvl:3.65) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Physics (imp:3.10 lvl:3.49) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Administrative (imp:3.01 lvl:3.77) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Building and Construction (imp:2.86 lvl:3.51) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:2.81 lvl:3.12) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Chemistry (imp:2.65 lvl:3.12) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Law and Government (imp:2.62 lvl:2.69) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Economics and Accounting (imp:2.56 lvl:2.49) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Sales and Marketing (imp:2.35 lvl:2.68) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Psychology (imp:2.29 lvl:2.33) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Transportation (imp:2.28 lvl:2.15) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Communications and Media (imp:2.25 lvl:2.02) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Telecommunications (imp:2.16 lvl:1.74) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:1.57 lvl:1.07) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Geography (imp:1.54 lvl:1.32) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Biology (imp:1.50 lvl:1.11) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:1.40) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Food Production (imp:1.35) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
  Fine Arts (imp:1.34) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.31) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.30 lvl:0.64) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  History and Archeology (imp:1.29 lvl:0.64) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Foreign Language (imp:1.28) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu

--- ABILITIES ---
  Oral Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.25) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Written Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.38) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Oral Expression (imp:4.00 lvl:4.38) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Written Expression (imp:4.00 lvl:4.25) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:4.00 lvl:4.12) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:4.00 lvl:4.25) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Information Ordering (imp:3.62 lvl:4.00) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Near Vision (imp:3.62 lvl:3.88) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.38 lvl:3.88) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Selective Attention (imp:3.38 lvl:3.00) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:3.25 lvl:3.62) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Originality (imp:3.25 lvl:3.50) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:3.12 lvl:3.50) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Number Facility (imp:3.12 lvl:3.38) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Visualization (imp:3.12 lvl:3.88) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Far Vision (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Perceptual Speed (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Time Sharing (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.62 lvl:2.75) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.50 lvl:2.50) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Memorization (imp:2.12 lvl:2.25) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Control Precision (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Reaction Time (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Depth Perception (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Finger Dexterity (imp:1.88 lvl:1.50) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Rate Control (imp:1.88 lvl:1.50) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:1.75 lvl:1.00) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Trunk Strength (imp:1.75 lvl:1.38) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Response Orientation (imp:1.62 lvl:1.00) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Spatial Orientation (imp:1.38 lvl:0.50) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Static Strength (imp:1.38 lvl:0.50) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Stamina (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Extent Flexibility (imp:1.25 lvl:0.25) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:1.25 lvl:0.25) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Manual Dexterity (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Dynamic Strength (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Night Vision (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Sound Localization (imp:1.00) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:4.41 lvl:4.99) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Working with Computers (imp:4.32 lvl:4.50) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Getting Information (imp:4.21 lvl:4.17) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:4.04 lvl:4.60) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Thinking Creatively (imp:4.02 lvl:5.17) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:3.94 lvl:3.84) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Processing Information (imp:3.92 lvl:5.14) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:3.91 lvl:4.53) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:3.87 lvl:4.28) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:3.86 lvl:5.02) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:3.74 lvl:4.88) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:3.70 lvl:4.31) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:3.67 lvl:3.69) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:3.62 lvl:3.64) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:3.58 lvl:4.42) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:3.54 lvl:3.72) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:3.42 lvl:3.57) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:3.41 lvl:3.42) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:3.33 lvl:3.72) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:3.28 lvl:3.36) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.26 lvl:3.67) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:3.17 lvl:3.85) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:3.11 lvl:3.42) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:3.06 lvl:3.96) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:2.95 lvl:3.43) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:2.92 lvl:3.34) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:2.86 lvl:3.37) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:2.85 lvl:3.40) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:2.64 lvl:3.28) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:2.64 lvl:2.94) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:2.58 lvl:3.23) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:2.50 lvl:2.72) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:2.49 lvl:2.40) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:2.46 lvl:2.81) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:2.43 lvl:2.53) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:2.41 lvl:3.43) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:2.39 lvl:2.23) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:2.22 lvl:2.03) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:2.03 lvl:1.74) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:1.88 lvl:1.64) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:1.37 lvl:0.69) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Dependability (imp:5.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Attention to Detail (imp:4.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:3.00) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.63) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Dependability (imp:2.36) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:2.20) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Innovation (imp:2.15) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Achievement Orientation (imp:2.11) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Achievement Orientation (imp:2.00) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Integrity (imp:1.96) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Cautiousness (imp:1.89) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Adaptability (imp:1.75) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Perseverance (imp:1.70) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Initiative (imp:1.66) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Self-Confidence (imp:1.66) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Leadership Orientation (imp:1.45) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Cooperation (imp:1.41) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:1.31) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Stress Tolerance (imp:1.19) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control (imp:1.19) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Social Orientation (imp:1.09) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Innovation (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Sincerity (imp:0.72) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Optimism (imp:0.49) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Humility (imp:0.45) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Empathy (imp:0.43) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Cautiousness () — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Integrity () — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:3.88 lvl:4.12) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Systems Analysis (imp:3.25 lvl:3.75) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Systems Evaluation (imp:3.25 lvl:3.88) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Coordination (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:3.12 lvl:4.00) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Instructing (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Time Management (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Service Orientation (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Persuasion (imp:2.62 lvl:2.62) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Operations Analysis (imp:2.50 lvl:2.50) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Management of Material Resources (imp:2.50 lvl:2.62) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Negotiation (imp:2.38 lvl:2.38) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Operations Monitoring (imp:2.38 lvl:2.75) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Operation and Control (imp:2.25 lvl:2.25) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:2.25 lvl:2.38) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Technology Design (imp:2.12 lvl:1.88) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Troubleshooting (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Programming (imp:1.88 lvl:1.12) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Equipment Selection (imp:1.25 lvl:0.38) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.00) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Repairing (imp:1.00) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 365,740
  annual_median    : $102,440
  annual_pct10     : $74,370
  annual_pct25     : $83,600
  annual_pct75     : $129,250
  annual_pct90     : $159,860
  annual_mean      : $109,900
  hourly_median    : $49.25

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : Alaska ($156,510)
  lowest_state     : Puerto Rico ($81,820)
  dispersion_ratio : 1.913x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (52 total) ---
  Manufacturing                            emp:  248,860  median: $ 101,160
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:   52,400  median: $ 107,610
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:   19,900  median: $ 104,080
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:   15,380  median: $ 126,520
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:    8,770  median: $ 101,210
  Transportation and Warehousing           emp:    7,140  median: $ 100,670
  Construction                             emp:    2,360  median: $  94,660
  Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction emp:    1,800  median: $ 141,220
  Information                              emp:    1,750  median: $ 131,410
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:    1,580  median: $ 100,580

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (19 total) ---
  Manufacturing                            emp:  248,860  median: $ 101,160
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:   52,400  median: $ 107,610
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:   19,900  median: $ 104,080
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:   15,380  median: $ 126,520
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:    8,770  median: $ 101,210
  Transportation and Warehousing           emp:    7,140  median: $ 100,670
  Construction                             emp:    2,360  median: $  94,660
  Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction emp:    1,800  median: $ 141,220
  Information                              emp:    1,750  median: $ 131,410
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:    1,580  median: $ 100,580

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Industrial engineering
match_score        : 0.9048
wikidata_qid       : Q4489420
word_count         : 2,583
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_engineering
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T20:32:49.531889Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
Industrial engineering (IE) is concerned with the design, improvement and installation of integrated systems of people, materials, information, equipment and energy. It draws upon specialized knowledge and skill in the mathematical, physical, and social sciences together with the principles and methods of engineering analysis and design, to specify, predict, and evaluate the results to be obtained from such systems. Industrial engineering is a branch of engineering that focuses on optimizing complex processes, systems, and organizations by improving efficiency, productivity, and quality. It combines principles from engineering, mathematics, and business to design, analyze, and manage systems that involve people, materials, information, equipment, and energy. Industrial engineers aim to reduce waste, streamline operations, and enhance overall performance across various industries, including manufacturing, healthcare, logistics, and service sectors.
Industrial engineers are employed in numerous industries, such as automobile manufacturing, aerospace, healthcare, forestry, finance, leisure, and education. Industrial engineering combines the physical and social sciences together with engineering principles to improve processes and systems.
Several industrial engineering principles are followed to ensure the effective flow of systems, processes, and operations. Industrial engineers work to improve quality and productivity while simultaneously cutting waste. They use principles such as lean manufacturing, six sigma, information systems, process capability, and more.
These principles allow the creation of new systems, processes or situations for the useful coordination of labor, materials and machines. Depending on the subspecialties involved, industrial engineering may also overlap with, operations research, systems engineering, manufacturing engineering, production engineering, supply chain engineering, process engineering, management science,  engineering management, ergonomics or human factors engineering, safety engineering, logistics engineering, quality engineering or other related capabilities or fields.


== History ==


=== Origins ===


==== Industrial engineering ====
The origins of industrial engineering are generally traced back to the Industrial Revolution with the rise of factory systems and mass production. The fundamental concepts began to emerge through ideas like Adam Smith's division of labor and the implementation of interchangeable parts by Eli Whitney. The term "industrial engineer" is credited to James Gunn who proposed the need for such an engineer focused on production and cost analysis in 1901. However, Frederick Taylor is widely credited as the "father of industrial engineering" for his focus on scientific management, emphasizing time studies and standardized work methods, with his principles being published in 1911. Notably, Taylor established the first department dedicated to industrial engineering work, called "Elementary Rate Fixing," in 1885 with the goal of process improvement and productivity increase. Frank and Lillian Gilbreth further contributed significantly with their development of motion studies and therbligs for analyzing manual labor in the early 20th century. The early focus of the field was heavily on improving efficiency and productivity within manufacturing environments, driven in part by the call for cost reduction by engineering professionals, as highlighted by the first president of ASME in 1880. The formalization of the discipline continued with the founding of the American Institute of Industrial Engineering (AIIE) in 1948. In more recent years, industrial engineering has expanded beyond manufacturing to include areas like healthcare, project management, and supply chain optimization.


==== Systems Engineering ====
The origins of systems engineering as a recognized discipline can be traced back to World War II, where its principles began to emerge to manage the complexities of new war technologies. Although systems thinking predates this period, the analysis of the RAF Fighter Command C2 System during the Battle of Britain (even though the term wasn't yet invented) is considered an early example of high-caliber systems engineering. The first known public use of the term "systems engineering" occurred in March 1950 by Mervin J. Kelly of Bell Telephone Laboratories, who described it as crucial for defining new systems and guiding the application of research in creating new services. The first published paper specifically on the subject appeared in 1956 by Kenneth Schlager, who noted the growing importance of systems engineering due to increasing technological complexity and the formation of dedicated systems engineering groups. In 1957, E.W. Engstrom further elaborated on the concept, emphasizing the determination of objectives and the thorough consideration of all influencing factors as requirements for successful systems engineering. That same year also saw the publication of the first textbook on the subject, "Systems Engineering: An Introduction to the Design of Large-Scale Systems" by Goode and Mahol. Early practices of systems engineering were generally informal, transdisciplinary, and deeply rooted in the application domain. Following these initial mentions and publications, the field saw further development in the 1960s and 1970s, with figures like Arthur Hall defining traits of a systems engineer and viewing it as a comprehensive process. Despite its informal nature, systems engineering played a vital role in major achievements like the 1969 Apollo moon landing. A significant step towards formalization occurred in July 1969 with the introduction of the first formal systems engineering process, Military Standard (MIL-STD)-499: System Engineering Management, by the U.S. Air Force. This standard aimed to provide guidance for managing the systems engineering process and was later extended and updated. The need for formally trained systems engineers led to the formation of the National Council on Systems Engineering (NCOSE) in the late 1980s, which evolved into the International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE). INCOSE further contributed to the formalization of the field through publications like its journal "Systems Engineering" starting in 1994 and the first edition of the "Systems Engineering Handbook" in 1997. Additionally, organizations like NASA published their own systems engineering handbooks. In the 21st century, international standardization became a key aspect, with the International Standards Organization (ISO) publishing its first standard defining systems engineering application and management in 2005, further solidifying its standing as a formal discipline.


=== Pioneers ===
Frederick Taylor (1856–1915) is generally credited as the father of the industrial engineering discipline. He earned a degree in mechanical engineering from Stevens Institute of Technology and earned several patents from his inventions. Taylor is the author of many well-known works, including a book, The Principles of Scientific Management, which became a classic of management literature. It is considered one of the most influential management books of the 20th century. The book laid our three goals: to illustrate how the country loses through inefficiency, to show that the solution to inefficiency is systematic management, and to show that the best management rests on defined laws, rules, and principles that can be applied to all kinds of human activity. Taylor is remembered for developing the stopwatch time study. Taylor's findings set the foundation for industrial engineering.
Frank Gilbreth (1868–1924), along with his wife Lillian Gilbreth (1878–1972), also had a significant influence on the development of Industrial Engineering. Their work is housed at Purdue University. In 1907, Frank Gilbreth met Frederick Taylor, and he learned tremendously from Taylor's work. Frank and Lillian created 18 kinds of

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Mechatronics (similarity: 0.2500)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechatronics
  QID: Q180165
  Extract: Mechatronics engineering, also called mechatronics, is the synergistic integration of mechanical, electrical, and computer systems employing mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, electronic engineering and computer science and engineering, and includes a combination of robotics, computer s

  Title: Kaizen (similarity: 0.2308)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaizen
  QID: Q376444
  Extract: 


Kaizen  is a Japanese vocabulary word that outside of Japan has been adopted as a concept in business studies which asserts that significant positive results may be achieved due to the cumulative effect of many, often small improvements to all aspects of a company's operations. Kaizen is put into

  Title: Continuous track (similarity: 0.3889)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_track
  QID: Q940913
  Extract: Continuous track or tracked treads are a system of vehicle propulsion used in tracked vehicles, running on a continuous band of treads or track plates driven by two or more wheels. The large surface area of the tracks distributes the weight of the vehicle better than steel or rubber tyres on an equi

  Title: Recursive self-improvement (similarity: 0.2174)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursive_self-improvement
  QID: Q1768494
  Extract: Recursive self-improvement (RSI) is a process in which early artificial general intelligence (AGI) systems rewrite their own computer code, causing an intelligence explosion resulting from enhancing their own capabilities and intellectual capacity, theoretically resulting in superintelligence.

  Title: Continuous delivery (similarity: 0.3590)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_delivery
  QID: Q2507377
  Extract: Continuous delivery (CD) is a software engineering approach in which teams produce software in short cycles, ensuring that the software can be reliably released at any time. It aims at building, testing, and releasing software with greater speed and frequency. The approach helps reduce the cost, tim

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong confidence supported by comprehensive O*NET data, exact Wikipedia match, detailed task descriptions, and robust wage/employment statistics from BLS OEWS May 2025.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T14:41:26.729039+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,466
tokens_output        : 3,943
cost_usd             : $0.043323
wikipedia_used       : True
wikipedia_title      : Industrial engineering
wikipedia_note       : The Wikipedia definition aligns perfectly with the O*NET description, emphasizing the design and improvement of integrated systems involving people, materials, information, equipment and energy. Both sources highlight the interdisciplinary nature combining engineering principles with mathematical and social sciences.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Industrial Engineers design and optimize integrated systems for manufacturing and production processes, focusing on efficiency, quality control, and cost analysis. They analyze human work factors, logistics, material flow, and production coordination to improve operational performance. These professionals serve as the bridge between engineering principles and business operations, ensuring manufacturing systems operate at peak efficiency.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
Industrial Engineers spend their days analyzing production data and statistical information to determine quality standards and reliability objectives. They confer with management, vendors, and technical staff to develop production specifications and design standards. Much of their time involves estimating production costs, identifying cost-saving methods, and evaluating the impact of design changes on expenditures. They plan operational sequences for fabricating and assembling products, often using CAD software like AutoCAD or SolidWorks. They also oversee quality control activities, direct inspection and testing procedures, and document technical specifications to maintain current engineering drawings.

WHO THRIVES:
Individuals who excel in industrial engineering possess strong analytical and systematic thinking abilities, with high conventional and investigative interests driving their approach to problem-solving. They demonstrate exceptional dependability and attention to detail, crucial for maintaining quality standards and operational consistency. Successful industrial engineers combine technical engineering knowledge with business acumen, requiring strong communication skills to interface between technical teams and management. They thrive on intellectual curiosity and creative thinking, constantly seeking ways to optimize processes and improve efficiency.

CAREER ENTRY:
Most industrial engineers enter the field with a bachelor's degree in industrial engineering or a related engineering discipline, representing 58.6% of the workforce according to education distribution data. Entry-level positions typically require coursework in mathematics, engineering principles, production systems, and statistics. Some professionals enter with engineering technology degrees or gain relevant experience through internships in manufacturing environments. The role requires Job Zone 4 preparation, indicating considerable educational and training investment.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Industrial engineers commonly advance to senior engineering roles, industrial production management, or specialized positions in logistics engineering and human factors engineering. Career progression often leads to plant management, operations management, or consulting roles where process optimization expertise is highly valued. Many transition into leadership positions overseeing manufacturing operations or move into specialized areas like validation engineering or mechatronics engineering. The broad skill set also enables movement into related fields such as management consulting or supply chain optimization.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
Industrial engineers enjoy strong market demand with 365,740 professionals employed nationally and a median annual salary of $102,440 according to BLS OEWS May 2025. Compensation ranges from $74,370 at the 10th percentile to $159,860 at the 90th percentile, with significant geographic variation from $81,820 in Puerto Rico to $156,510 in Alaska. Manufacturing remains the dominant employer with 248,860 positions, followed by professional services with 52,400 roles. The field benefits from ongoing industrial automation and efficiency demands across sectors. Geographic pay disparities reflect regional manufacturing concentrations and cost of living differences.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
Industrial engineers face moderate automation risk as their core work activities involve complex problem-solving, creative thinking, and strategic decision-making that remain difficult to automate. While routine data analysis and documentation tasks may become automated, the role's emphasis on system design, process optimization, and human factors analysis requires human judgment and creativity. The profession may evolve to focus more on human-AI collaboration and optimizing automated systems rather than being replaced by automation.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [career_pathway] Industrial Engineering Technologists and Technicians (17-3026.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Direct career pathway with shared engineering and technology knowledge (4.4 importance) and production process expertise.
    data: Primary-Short relationship
    data: Shared engineering technology knowledge
    data: Similar production process focus
  [skill_overlap] Manufacturing Engineers (17-2112.03) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Extensive overlap in mechanical knowledge (4.2 importance), production processing (4.3 importance), and manufacturing system design activities.
    data: Primary-Short relationship
    data: Mechanical knowledge level 5.0
    data: Production and processing knowledge 4.7
  [career_pathway] Industrial Production Managers (11-3051.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Natural progression path with shared administration and management knowledge (3.5 importance) and production coordination responsibilities.
    data: Primary-Short relationship
    data: Administration and management knowledge
    data: Production coordination tasks
  [knowledge_overlap] Mechanical Engineers (17-2141.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Strong overlap in mechanical knowledge (4.2 importance, 5.0 level) and design knowledge (4.1 importance, 5.2 level).
    data: Mechanical knowledge level 5.0
    data: Design knowledge level 5.2
    data: Engineering and technology focus
  [task_similarity] Human Factors Engineers and Ergonomists (17-2112.01) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Shared focus on human work factors analysis and system design optimization mentioned in core job description.
    data: Human work factors in description
    data: System design tasks
    data: Primary-Long relationship

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['industrial engineer', 'production optimization', 'process improvement', 'efficiency analysis', 'quality control', 'cost analysis', 'manufacturing systems', 'operations research']
  exclude_keywords : ['software engineer', 'civil engineer', 'chemical engineer', 'electrical engineer', 'biomedical engineer']
  title_patterns   : ['Industrial Engineer', 'Process Engineer', 'Manufacturing Engineer', 'Efficiency Engineer', 'Production Engineer']
  common_variations: ['IE', 'Industrial Engineering', 'Process Optimization Engineer', 'Production Systems Engineer', 'Manufacturing Systems Engineer', 'Operations Engineer', 'Efficiency Analyst', 'Continuous Improvement Engineer']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['engineering', 'industrial', 'tendency', 'production', 'management', 'others', 'principles', 'equipment', 'quality', 'design', 'control', 'manufacturing', 'operations', 'human', 'activities', 'engineers', 'standards', 'materials', 'technical', 'analysis']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
engineering               127  0.03013  wikipedia            wikipedia:84%  inference:11%  onet_tasks:2%
industrial                 66  0.01566  wikipedia            wikipedia:82%  inference:17%  dwas:2%
tendency                   42  0.00996  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
production                 39  0.00925  wikipedia            wikipedia:31%  onet_tasks:28%  onet_dimensions:21%
management                 39  0.00925  wikipedia            wikipedia:59%  onet_dimensions:18%  inference:15%
others                     38  0.00902  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
principles                 31  0.00736  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:52%  wikipedia:39%  inference:10%
equipment                  30  0.00712  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:77%  onet_tasks:10%  wikipedia:7%
quality                    29  0.00688  wikipedia            wikipedia:41%  onet_dimensions:21%  onet_tasks:14%
design                     28  0.00664  wikipedia            wikipedia:36%  onet_dimensions:21%  inference:18%
control                    24  0.00569  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:50%  wikipedia:25%  onet_tasks:12%
manufacturing              24  0.00569  wikipedia            wikipedia:54%  inference:25%  onet_tasks:21%
operations                 23  0.00546  wikipedia            wikipedia:48%  onet_dimensions:26%  onet_tasks:13%
human                      18  0.00427  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:39%  wikipedia:33%  inference:28%
activities                 17  0.00403  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:53%  onet_tasks:18%  dwas:18%
engineers                  17  0.00403  wikipedia            wikipedia:59%  inference:41%
standards                  16  0.00380  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:50%  onet_tasks:25%  inference:19%
materials                  16  0.00380  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:62%  wikipedia:25%  onet_tasks:6%
technical                  16  0.00380  dwas                 dwas:56%  inference:25%  onet_dimensions:19%
analysis                   14  0.00332  wikipedia            wikipedia:43%  onet_dimensions:29%  inference:21%
science                    14  0.00332  wikipedia            wikipedia:86%  onet_dimensions:14%
includes                   14  0.00332  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:86%  wikipedia:14%
procedures                 13  0.00308  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:62%  onet_tasks:31%  inference:8%
body                       13  0.00308  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:77%  wikipedia:23%
performance                12  0.00285  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:58%  wikipedia:25%  dwas:8%
ideas                      12  0.00285  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:92%  wikipedia:8%
objects                    12  0.00285  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
problems                   11  0.00261  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:82%  onet_tasks:18%
mechanical                 11  0.00261  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:45%  wikipedia:45%  dwas:9%
personnel                  10  0.00237  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:40%  onet_tasks:30%  dwas:30%
material                   10  0.00237  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:50%  onet_dimensions:30%  wikipedia:10%
computer                   10  0.00237  wikipedia            wikipedia:60%  onet_dimensions:30%  onet_tasks:10%
organization               10  0.00237  wikipedia            wikipedia:50%  onet_dimensions:40%  onet_tasks:10%
techniques                 10  0.00237  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
resources                  10  0.00237  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:90%  wikipedia:10%
operational                10  0.00237  dwas                 dwas:70%  inference:30%
university                 10  0.00237  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
cost                        9  0.00214  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:33%  wikipedia:33%  inference:33%
product                     9  0.00214  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:67%  onet_dimensions:22%  wikipedia:11%
specifications              9  0.00214  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:33%  onet_dimensions:22%  dwas:22%