[Core] [23% incumbents] Study nutritional requirements of animals and nutritive values of animal feed materials.
  DWAs: Research livestock management methods.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Write up or orally communicate research findings to the scientific community, producers, and the public.
  DWAs: Prepare scientific or technical reports or presentations.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Develop improved practices in feeding, housing, sanitation, or parasite and disease control of animals.
  DWAs: Develop agricultural methods.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Advise producers about improved products and techniques that could enhance their animal production efforts.
  DWAs: Advise others on business or operational matters. | Advise others on ways to improve processes or products.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Conduct research concerning animal nutrition, breeding, or management to improve products or processes.
  DWAs: Research livestock management methods.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Study effects of management practices, processing methods, feed, or environmental conditions on quality and quantity of animal products, such as eggs and milk.
  DWAs: Research livestock management methods.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Research and control animal selection and breeding practices to increase production efficiency and improve animal quality.
  DWAs: Research livestock management methods.

[Supplemental] [23% incumbents] Determine genetic composition of animal populations and heritability of traits, using principles of genetics.
  DWAs: Research genetic characteristics or expression.

[Supplemental] [23% incumbents] Crossbreed animals with existing strains or cross strains to obtain new combinations of desirable characteristics.
  DWAs: Perform animal breeding procedures.

--- SKILLS ---
  Reading Comprehension (imp:4.12 lvl:4.88) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Writing (imp:4.00 lvl:4.25) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Science (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
  Critical Thinking (imp:4.00 lvl:4.25) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Active Listening (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Speaking (imp:3.88 lvl:4.12) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Active Learning (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Monitoring (imp:3.75 lvl:3.88) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Mathematics (imp:3.38 lvl:3.88) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Learning Strategies (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Biology (imp:4.64 lvl:5.87) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Mathematics (imp:4.13 lvl:5.48) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  English Language (imp:4.09 lvl:4.82) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Chemistry (imp:4.04 lvl:5.09) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Food Production (imp:3.83 lvl:4.61) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
  Education and Training (imp:3.45 lvl:4.77) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:3.39 lvl:4.27) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Computers and Electronics (imp:3.35 lvl:4.43) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Sales and Marketing (imp:3.13 lvl:3.91) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Administration and Management (imp:3.00 lvl:3.91) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Production and Processing (imp:2.83 lvl:3.17) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Communications and Media (imp:2.82 lvl:3.14) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Engineering and Technology (imp:2.52 lvl:3.13) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Administrative (imp:2.43 lvl:3.14) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Economics and Accounting (imp:2.43 lvl:2.70) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Physics (imp:2.32 lvl:2.87) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Law and Government (imp:2.32 lvl:2.50) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:2.30 lvl:3.30) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:2.18 lvl:2.13) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Telecommunications (imp:2.18 lvl:1.59) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Psychology (imp:2.13 lvl:2.65) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Public Safety and Security (imp:2.10 lvl:1.90) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Transportation (imp:2.09 lvl:2.52) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Foreign Language (imp:2.00 lvl:2.30) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Mechanical (imp:1.96 lvl:2.35) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Geography (imp:1.91 lvl:2.30) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Design (imp:1.86 lvl:2.00) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Building and Construction (imp:1.74 lvl:1.70) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:1.61 lvl:1.22) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.61 lvl:1.22) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.57 lvl:1.22) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  History and Archeology (imp:1.43 lvl:1.13) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Fine Arts (imp:1.22 lvl:0.48) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform

--- ABILITIES ---
  Oral Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:5.00) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Written Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:5.00) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Oral Expression (imp:4.00 lvl:4.75) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Written Expression (imp:4.00 lvl:4.88) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:4.00 lvl:4.38) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:4.00 lvl:4.38) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:4.00 lvl:4.75) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Speech Clarity (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Information Ordering (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Near Vision (imp:3.88 lvl:3.88) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:3.75 lvl:3.88) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Originality (imp:3.25 lvl:3.88) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:3.25 lvl:3.38) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Number Facility (imp:3.25 lvl:3.62) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Selective Attention (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Perceptual Speed (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Far Vision (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Memorization (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Visualization (imp:2.75 lvl:3.00) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Time Sharing (imp:2.62 lvl:2.75) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:2.62 lvl:2.75) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.62 lvl:2.38) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.25 lvl:2.50) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Trunk Strength (imp:2.12 lvl:2.25) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.12 lvl:1.75) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Spatial Orientation (imp:2.00 lvl:1.25) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:2.00 lvl:1.25) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Control Precision (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Response Orientation (imp:2.00 lvl:1.00) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Static Strength (imp:2.00 lvl:1.12) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Depth Perception (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Reaction Time (imp:1.88 lvl:0.88) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:1.88 lvl:1.12) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.75 lvl:1.00) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Finger Dexterity (imp:1.62 lvl:1.00) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:1.62 lvl:0.75) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Rate Control (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Stamina (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Night Vision (imp:1.50 lvl:0.62) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.50 lvl:0.62) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Extent Flexibility (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Sound Localization (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
  Dynamic Strength (imp:1.25 lvl:0.25) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Manual Dexterity (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:4.55 lvl:5.96) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Working with Computers (imp:4.48 lvl:4.22) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Getting Information (imp:4.43 lvl:5.91) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:4.43 lvl:5.96) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Processing Information (imp:4.35 lvl:5.91) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:4.26 lvl:5.78) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:4.26 lvl:5.35) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Thinking Creatively (imp:4.24 lvl:5.61) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:4.09 lvl:5.35) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:4.09 lvl:5.09) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:4.09 lvl:5.70) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:4.04 lvl:5.26) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:4.04 lvl:5.36) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:4.00 lvl:4.43) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:4.00 lvl:5.52) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:3.91 lvl:5.22) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:3.91 lvl:4.95) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:3.91 lvl:5.39) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.70 lvl:4.65) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:3.70 lvl:4.30) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:3.65 lvl:4.43) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:3.61 lvl:4.43) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:3.45 lvl:4.83) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:3.45 lvl:4.43) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:3.43 lvl:4.13) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:3.41 lvl:4.87) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:3.30 lvl:4.43) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:3.22 lvl:4.26) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:3.13 lvl:3.96) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:2.82 lvl:3.27) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:2.78 lvl:3.48) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:2.77 lvl:2.78) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:2.70 lvl:3.09) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:2.70 lvl:3.39) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:2.59 lvl:3.23) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:2.48 lvl:3.09) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:2.43 lvl:3.17) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:2.09 lvl:3.22) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:1.87 lvl:1.65) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:1.78 lvl:1.61) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:1.78 lvl:1.70) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Dependability (imp:5.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Attention to Detail (imp:4.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:3.00) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:2.54) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Innovation (imp:2.33) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.31) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Dependability (imp:2.27) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Achievement Orientation (imp:2.11) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Achievement Orientation (imp:2.00) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Integrity (imp:1.76) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Perseverance (imp:1.70) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Initiative (imp:1.56) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Cautiousness (imp:1.44) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Self-Confidence (imp:1.41) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:1.35) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Adaptability (imp:1.29) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Cooperation (imp:1.14) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Innovation (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Leadership Orientation (imp:0.98) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Stress Tolerance (imp:0.90) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Sincerity (imp:0.82) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Social Orientation (imp:0.81) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Humility (imp:0.70) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Self-Control (imp:0.61) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Empathy (imp:0.34) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Optimism (imp:0.34) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Cautiousness () — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Integrity () — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:4.00 lvl:4.12) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:4.00 lvl:4.50) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Systems Analysis (imp:3.75 lvl:3.75) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Systems Evaluation (imp:3.25 lvl:3.88) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Time Management (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Coordination (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Persuasion (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Negotiation (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Instructing (imp:3.00 lvl:3.25) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Service Orientation (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Operations Analysis (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Operations Monitoring (imp:2.50 lvl:2.75) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Management of Material Resources (imp:2.25 lvl:2.00) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Programming (imp:2.00 lvl:1.12) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:2.00 lvl:1.62) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Technology Design (imp:1.88 lvl:1.12) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Operation and Control (imp:1.88 lvl:1.88) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Troubleshooting (imp:1.88 lvl:1.00) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Equipment Selection (imp:1.12 lvl:0.25) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Repairing (imp:1.00) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 3,100
  annual_median    : $68,940
  annual_pct10     : $44,350
  annual_pct25     : $49,770
  annual_pct75     : $103,300
  annual_pct90     : $166,000
  annual_mean      : $88,350
  hourly_median    : $33.14

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : Texas ($132,830)
  lowest_state     : Illinois ($47,930)
  dispersion_ratio : 2.771x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (13 total) ---
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:    1,460  median: $  50,390
  Educational Services                     emp:      590  median: $  67,930
  Manufacturing                            emp:      320  median: $ 108,550
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:      230  median: $ 114,890
  Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting emp:      220  median: $  64,610
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:      110  median: $ 105,370
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:       90  median: $  89,030
  Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation      emp:       40  median: $  59,030

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (8 total) ---
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:    1,460  median: $  50,390
  Educational Services                     emp:      590  median: $  67,930
  Manufacturing                            emp:      320  median: $ 108,550
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:      230  median: $ 114,890
  Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting emp:      220  median: $  64,610
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:      110  median: $ 105,370
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:       90  median: $  89,030
  Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation      emp:       40  median: $  59,030

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Animal science
match_score        : 0.7742
wikidata_qid       : Q168091
word_count         : 735
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_science
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T20:42:06.649712Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
Animal science is described as "studying the biology of animals that are under the control of humankind". It can also be described as the production and management of farm animals. Historically, the degree was called animal husbandry and the animals studied were livestock species, like ruminant animals such as; cattle, sheep and goat, non-ruminant such as; pigs, poultry, rabbit, snails and horses are studied. Today, courses available look at a broader area, including companion animals, like dogs and cats, and many exotic species. Degrees in Animal Science are offered at a number of colleges and universities. Animal science degrees are often offered at land-grant universities, which will often have on-campus farms to give students hands-on experience with livestock animals.


== Education ==
Professional education in animal science prepares students for careers in areas such as animal breeding, food and fiber production, nutrition, animal agribusiness, animal behavior, animal physiology and welfare. Courses in a typical Animal Science program may include genetics, microbiology, animal behavior, nutrition, physiology, and reproduction. Courses in support areas, such as genetics, soils, agricultural economics and marketing, legal aspects, and the environment also are offered.


=== Bachelor degree ===
At many universities, a Bachelor of Science (BS) degree in Animal Science allows emphasis in certain areas. Typical areas are species-specific or career-specific. Species-specific areas of emphasis prepare students for a career in dairy management, beef management, swine management, sheep or small ruminant management, poultry production, or the horse industry. Other career-specific areas of study include pre-veterinary medicine studies, livestock business and marketing, animal welfare and behavior, animal nutrition science, animal reproduction science, or genetics. Youth programs are also an important part of animal science programs.


==== Pre-veterinary emphasis ====
Many schools that offer a degree option in Animal Science also offer a pre-veterinary emphasis such as Iowa State University, the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, and the University of Minnesota, for example.  This option provides knowledge of the biological and physical sciences including nutrition, reproduction, physiology, and genetics. This can prepare students for graduate studies in animal science, veterinary school, and pharmaceutical or animal science industries.


=== Graduate studies ===
In a Master of Science (MS) degree option, students take required courses in areas that support their main interest. These courses are above courses normally required for a Bachelor of Science degree in the Animal Science major. For example, in a Ph.D. degree program students take courses related to their major that are more in-depth than those for the Master of Science degree, with an emphasis on research or teaching.
Graduate studies in animal sciences are considered preparation for upper-level positions in production, management, education, research, or agri-services. Professional study in veterinary medicine, law, and business administration are among the most commonly chosen programs by graduates. Other areas of study include growth biology, physiology, nutrition, and production systems.


== Careers in Animal Science ==
There are a variety of careers available to someone with an animal science degree. Including, but not limited to, Academic researcher, Animal nutritionist, Animal physiotherapist technician, Nature conservation officer, Zookeeper, and Zoologist.


== Areas of study ==


=== Animal Behavior ===
Animal behavior is the study of how animals interact with their environment, interact with each other socially, and how they may achieve understanding of their environment. Animal behavior is examined with the framework of its development, mechanism, adaptive value, and evolution.


=== Animal Genetics ===
Animal genetics is the study of an animal genes and how they effect an animal's appearance, health, and function. The information gained from such studies is often applied to livestock breeding.


=== Veterinary Medicine ===
Veterinary medicine is a specialization within the field of medicine focusing on the diagnosis, prevention, control, and treatment of diseases that effect both wild and domesticated animals. There are three main medical positions within veterinary medicine, veterinarians, veterinary technicians, and veterinary assistants.


== See also ==
American Registry of Professional Animal Scientists
Zoology, the interest of all animals.
Veterinary science


== References ==


== External links ==
"Career Information." American Society of Animal Science. ASAS, 2009. Web. 29 September 2011.
http://www.asas.org American Society of Animal Science
"UNL Animal Science Department." University of Nebraska-Lincoln. UNL Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 27 January 2015.
"MSU Department of Animal Science." Michigan State University. Michigan State University Department of Animal Science, 28 December 2013.
"Animal Industry Careers." Purdue University. Purdue University, 11 August 2005. Web. 5 October 2011.
http://www.ansc.purdue.edu Purdue University Animal Science

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Veterinary medicine (similarity: 0.2778)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veterinary_medicine
  QID: Q170201
  Extract: Veterinary medicine is the branch of medicine concerned with the prevention, management, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, disorder, and injury in non-human animals. Its scope is wide, covering all animal species, both domesticated and wild, with a wide range of conditions that can affect differe

  Title: American Registry of Professional Animal Scientists (similarity: 0.5000)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Registry_of_Professional_Animal_Scientists
  QID: Q17012194
  Extract: The American Registry of Professional Animal Scientists (ARPAS) is a professional organization that provides certification of animal scientists through examination. It also develops and promotes a code of ethics, offers continuing education, and disseminates scientific information through publicatio

  Title: List of cryptids (similarity: 0.3030)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cryptids
  QID: Q16322
  Extract: Cryptids are animals or other beings whose present existence is disputed or unsubstantiated by science. Cryptozoology, the study of cryptids, is a pseudoscience claiming that such beings may exist somewhere in the wild; it has been widely critiqued by scientists. The subculture is regularly criticiz

  Title: Bunting (animal behavior) (similarity: 0.3810)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunting_(animal_behavior)
  QID: Q25203399
  Extract: Bunting is a form of animal behavior, often found in felids, in which the animal butts or rubs its head against other things, including people. Bunting as a behaviour can be viewed as a variation of scent rubbing. This is when an animal, typically a carnivore, will rub its back on a scent, such as t

  Title: Nutritionist (similarity: 0.4828)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutritionist
  QID: Q2576499
  Extract: A nutritionist is a person who advises others on matters of food and nutrition and their impacts on health. Some people specialize in particular areas, such as sports nutrition, public health, or animal nutrition, among other disciplines. In many jurisdictions, a person can claim to be a nutritionis

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : High confidence due to comprehensive O*NET data, clear occupational definition, substantial wage and employment statistics, and strong Wikipedia alignment confirming the field's scope and focus.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T15:19:01.467347+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,444
tokens_output        : 4,450
cost_usd             : $0.049359
wikipedia_used       : True
wikipedia_title      : Animal science
wikipedia_note       : The Wikipedia entry confirms Animal Science as studying biology of animals under human control, including production and management of farm animals, historically called animal husbandry. This aligns with the occupation's focus on domestic farm animals research.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Animal Scientists conduct advanced research into the genetics, nutrition, reproduction, growth, and development of domestic farm animals to improve agricultural productivity and animal welfare. They design and execute scientific studies to optimize breeding practices, feed formulations, and management systems for livestock operations. These professionals bridge the gap between fundamental biological research and practical agricultural applications, working in research institutions, government agencies, and private industry.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
Animal Scientists spend their days analyzing data from nutrition studies and breeding experiments, often working with complex statistical software to identify optimal feed formulations or genetic combinations. They design controlled experiments to test the effects of management practices, environmental conditions, or genetic modifications on animal performance and product quality. Much of their time is spent in laboratories examining tissue samples, measuring growth parameters, or studying reproductive physiology. They frequently collaborate with farmers and agricultural managers to implement research findings, providing technical guidance on breeding programs, nutrition protocols, and disease prevention strategies. Documentation and communication are central to their work, as they prepare detailed research reports, present findings at scientific conferences, and write grant proposals to fund future studies.

WHO THRIVES:
Individuals who excel as Animal Scientists typically combine strong intellectual curiosity with exceptional attention to detail, as evidenced by their high investigative RIASEC profile and emphasis on dependability. They possess advanced analytical thinking skills and can process complex biological data to identify meaningful patterns and relationships. Success in this field requires individuals who are comfortable with both laboratory research and field applications, as they must translate scientific findings into practical agricultural solutions. These professionals often have a genuine interest in animal welfare and agricultural sustainability, driving their motivation to conduct rigorous research that benefits both producers and animals.

CAREER ENTRY:
The vast majority of Animal Scientists hold doctoral degrees (43.5%) or master's degrees (21.7%), reflecting the extensive preparation required for this Job Zone 5 occupation. Entry typically requires a strong foundation in biology, chemistry, and mathematics, often beginning with an undergraduate degree in animal science, biology, or a related field. Advanced degrees involve specialized coursework in genetics, nutrition, reproductive physiology, and statistics, combined with hands-on research experience. Many professionals gain initial experience through graduate research assistantships or internships with agricultural research institutions.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Animal Scientists can advance to senior research positions, laboratory management roles, or academic appointments at universities where they combine research with teaching responsibilities. Many progress to leadership positions in government research agencies like the USDA or transition to executive roles in agricultural biotechnology companies. Some become independent consultants, leveraging their expertise to advise large-scale livestock operations or agricultural technology firms. The career path often involves increasing specialization in areas like animal genetics, nutrition science, or reproductive technology.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
Animal Scientists earn a median annual salary of $68,940 according to BLS OEWS May 2025 data, with the top 10% earning up to $166,000 annually. Employment is concentrated in professional, scientific, and technical services (1,460 positions), followed by educational services (590 positions) and manufacturing (320 positions). Geographic variation is substantial, with Texas offering the highest wages at $132,830 compared to Illinois at $47,930, representing a 2.77x difference. The field employs approximately 3,100 professionals nationwide, with opportunities primarily located near major agricultural regions and research universities. Demand is driven by the growing need for sustainable agricultural practices and the development of advanced breeding technologies.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
Animal Scientists face moderate automation risk as their work heavily involves analyzing data and working with computers, activities that are increasingly automated. However, their roles in making complex decisions, solving problems creatively, and interpreting research findings for diverse audiences remain largely protected from automation. The critical thinking, scientific reasoning, and adaptive problem-solving required for designing experiments and translating findings into practical applications are difficult to automate in the near term.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [knowledge_overlap] Food Scientists and Technologists (19-1012.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles require extensive knowledge of food production and chemistry, with Animal Scientists studying feed materials and Food Scientists studying food products.
    data: Food Production knowledge (imp:3.8, lvl:4.6)
    data: Chemistry knowledge (imp:4.0, lvl:5.1)
  [riasec_cluster] Soil and Plant Scientists (19-1013.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both occupations share the dominant Investigative RIASEC profile with strong research focus and scientific methodology.
    data: RIASEC I:6.93
    data: Biology knowledge (imp:4.6, lvl:5.9)
    data: Research work activities
  [skill_overlap] Microbiologists (19-1022.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles emphasize analyzing data, working with computers, and processing complex biological information at similarly high levels.
    data: Analyzing Data or Information (imp:4.5, lvl:6.0)
    data: Biology knowledge (imp:4.6, lvl:5.9)
  [career_pathway] Farmers, Ranchers, and Other Agricultural Managers (11-9013.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Animal Scientists frequently advise farmers and ranchers, with some transitioning to management roles in agricultural operations.
    data: Advise producers about improved products and techniques
    data: Food Production knowledge
  [task_similarity] Veterinarians (29-1131.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both roles work with animal health and development, though Veterinarians focus on medical treatment while Animal Scientists focus on research and production optimization.
    data: Animal nutrition and health research
    data: Biology knowledge (imp:4.6, lvl:5.9)
  [career_pathway] Agricultural Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary (25-1041.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: With doctoral preparation, Animal Scientists often transition to academic roles combining research with teaching responsibilities.
    data: Doctoral Degree: 43.5%
    data: Education and Training knowledge (imp:3.5, lvl:4.8)
  [task_similarity] Geneticists (19-1029.03) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Animal Scientists determine genetic composition and heritability of traits, overlapping significantly with core geneticist responsibilities.
    data: Determine genetic composition of animal populations
    data: Research genetic characteristics or expression

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['animal scientist', 'animal nutrition', 'livestock research', 'animal breeding', 'agricultural research', 'animal genetics', 'farm animals', 'animal production']
  exclude_keywords : ['veterinarian', 'veterinary', 'animal trainer', 'zookeeper', 'wildlife']
  title_patterns   : ['Animal Scientist', 'Animal Nutritionist', 'Animal Geneticist', 'Livestock Researcher', 'Animal Production Specialist']
  common_variations: ['Animal Scientist', 'Animal Nutritionist', 'Animal Geneticist', 'Livestock Specialist', 'Animal Production Researcher', 'Dairy Specialist', 'Beef Cattle Specialist', 'Animal Breeding Specialist']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['animal', 'tendency', 'others', 'science', 'research', 'management', 'equipment', 'animals', 'control', 'principles', 'production', 'nutrition', 'scientists', 'includes', 'objects', 'agricultural', 'veterinary', 'materials', 'scientific', 'techniques']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
animal                     75  0.02388  wikipedia            wikipedia:67%  inference:19%  onet_tasks:9%
tendency                   42  0.01337  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
others                     41  0.01305  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:93%  dwas:5%  wikipedia:2%
science                    33  0.01051  wikipedia            wikipedia:85%  inference:9%  onet_dimensions:6%
research                   27  0.00860  inference            inference:59%  dwas:19%  onet_tasks:11%
management                 24  0.00764  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:29%  wikipedia:29%  dwas:17%
equipment                  23  0.00732  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
animals                    20  0.00637  wikipedia            wikipedia:60%  inference:25%  onet_tasks:15%
control                    17  0.00541  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:71%  onet_tasks:12%  wikipedia:12%
principles                 17  0.00541  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:94%  onet_tasks:6%
production                 16  0.00509  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:50%  wikipedia:31%  onet_tasks:12%
nutrition                  14  0.00446  wikipedia            wikipedia:57%  inference:36%  onet_tasks:7%
scientists                 13  0.00414  inference            inference:54%  wikipedia:46%
includes                   12  0.00382  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
objects                    12  0.00382  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
agricultural               12  0.00382  inference            inference:83%  dwas:8%  wikipedia:8%
veterinary                 12  0.00382  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
materials                  11  0.00350  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:91%  onet_tasks:9%
scientific                 11  0.00350  inference            inference:45%  wikipedia:27%  onet_tasks:9%
techniques                 11  0.00350  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:91%  onet_tasks:9%
ideas                      11  0.00350  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
genetics                   10  0.00318  wikipedia            wikipedia:60%  inference:30%  onet_tasks:10%
problems                   10  0.00318  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:90%  inference:10%
resources                  10  0.00318  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:90%  wikipedia:10%
behavior                   10  0.00318  wikipedia            wikipedia:70%  onet_dimensions:30%
activities                 10  0.00318  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:90%  inference:10%
body                       10  0.00318  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
livestock                  10  0.00318  dwas                 dwas:40%  wikipedia:40%  inference:20%
university                 10  0.00318  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
study                       9  0.00286  wikipedia            wikipedia:78%  onet_tasks:22%
products                    9  0.00286  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:56%  onet_tasks:33%  dwas:11%
breeding                    9  0.00286  inference            inference:44%  onet_tasks:22%  wikipedia:22%
quality                     9  0.00286  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  onet_tasks:22%  inference:11%
procedures                  9  0.00286  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  dwas:11%
services                    9  0.00286  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  inference:22%  wikipedia:11%
human                       9  0.00286  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:78%  wikipedia:11%  inference:11%
medicine                    9  0.00286  wikipedia            wikipedia:89%  onet_dimensions:11%
quickly                     9  0.00286  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
orientation                 9  0.00286  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
practices                   8  0.00255  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:38%  inference:38%  onet_dimensions:25%