[Core] [55% incumbents] Prepare technical and research reports, such as environmental impact reports, and communicate the results to individuals in industry, government, or the general public.
  DWAs: Prepare research or technical reports on environmental issues. | Communicate results of environmental research.

[Core] [55% incumbents] Develop and maintain liaisons and effective working relations with groups and individuals, agencies, and the public to encourage cooperative management strategies or to develop information and interpret findings.
  DWAs: Develop collaborative relationships between departments or with external organizations.

[Core] [55% incumbents] Study basic principles of plant and animal life, such as origin, relationship, development, anatomy, and function.
  DWAs: Examine characteristics or behavior of living organisms. | Research topics in area of expertise.

[Core] [55% incumbents] Collect and analyze biological data about relationships among and between organisms and their environment.
  DWAs: Conduct research of processes in natural or industrial ecosystems. | Collect environmental data or samples.

[Core] [55% incumbents] Write grant proposals to obtain funding for biological research.
  DWAs: Write grant proposals.

[Core] [55% incumbents] Prepare requests for proposals or statements of work.
  DWAs: Prepare proposal documents or grant applications.

[Core] [55% incumbents] Represent employer in a technical capacity at conferences.
  DWAs: Prepare scientific or technical reports or presentations.

[Supplemental] [55% incumbents] Research environmental effects of present and potential uses of land and water areas, determining methods of improving environmental conditions or such outputs as crop yields.
  DWAs: Research environmental impact of industrial or development activities.

[Supplemental] [55% incumbents] Study aquatic plants and animals and environmental conditions affecting them, such as radioactivity or pollution.
  DWAs: Identify environmental concerns. | Research topics in area of expertise.

[Supplemental] [55% incumbents] Study and manage wild animal populations.
  DWAs: Conduct research of processes in natural or industrial ecosystems.

[Supplemental] [55% incumbents] Measure salinity, acidity, light, oxygen content, and other physical conditions of water to determine their relationship to aquatic life.
  DWAs: Analyze chemical compounds or substances.

[Supplemental] [55% incumbents] Develop pest management and control measures, and conduct risk assessments related to pest exclusion, using scientific methods.
  DWAs: Develop safety standards, policies, or procedures.

[Supplemental] [55% incumbents] Develop methods and apparatus for securing representative plant, animal, aquatic, or soil samples.
  DWAs: Develop biological research methods.

[Supplemental] [55% incumbents] Plan and administer biological research programs for government, research firms, medical industries, or manufacturing firms.
  DWAs: Plan biological research.

[Supplemental] [55% incumbents] Study reactions of plants, animals, and marine species to parasites.
  DWAs: Research diseases or parasites. | Research topics in area of expertise.

[Core] [54% incumbents] Program and use computers to store, process, and analyze data.
  DWAs: Analyze data to identify trends or relationships among variables. | Write computer programming code. | Operate computers or computerized equipment.

[Core] [54% incumbents] Supervise biological technicians and technologists and other scientists.
  DWAs: Supervise scientific or technical personnel.

[Core] [54% incumbents] Identify, classify, and study structure, behavior, ecology, physiology, nutrition, culture, and distribution of plant and animal species.
  DWAs: Classify organisms based on their characteristics or behavior. | Examine characteristics or behavior of living organisms.

[Core] [54% incumbents] Review reports and proposals, such as those relating to land use classifications and recreational development, for accuracy, adequacy, or adherence to policies, regulations, or scientific standards.
  DWAs: Review plans or proposals for environmental conservation.

[Core] [54% incumbents] Teach or supervise students and perform research at universities and colleges.
  DWAs: Instruct college students in physical or life sciences.

[Core] [54% incumbents] Communicate test results to state and federal representatives and general public.
  DWAs: Provide technical information or assistance to public. | Communicate with government agencies.

[Supplemental] [54% incumbents] Prepare plans for management of renewable resources.
  DWAs: Develop plans to manage natural or renewable resources.

[EMERGING:New] Inventory and order lab supplies.

--- SKILLS ---
  Science (imp:4.62 lvl:5.00) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
  Reading Comprehension (imp:4.12 lvl:5.12) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Writing (imp:4.12 lvl:5.00) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Active Listening (imp:4.00 lvl:4.12) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Speaking (imp:4.00 lvl:4.75) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Critical Thinking (imp:4.00 lvl:4.88) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Mathematics (imp:3.88 lvl:4.25) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Active Learning (imp:3.88 lvl:4.75) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Learning Strategies (imp:3.12 lvl:3.75) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Monitoring (imp:3.00 lvl:4.00) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Biology (imp:5.00 lvl:6.16) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Education and Training (imp:4.18 lvl:5.57) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  English Language (imp:4.10 lvl:4.83) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Mathematics (imp:3.59 lvl:4.50) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Administration and Management (imp:3.41 lvl:4.06) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Chemistry (imp:3.39 lvl:4.50) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Administrative (imp:3.24 lvl:4.42) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Engineering and Technology (imp:3.18 lvl:3.48) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Communications and Media (imp:3.01 lvl:3.54) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Computers and Electronics (imp:2.98 lvl:3.72) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Physics (imp:2.98 lvl:3.40) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:2.74 lvl:3.42) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:2.72 lvl:3.10) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Public Safety and Security (imp:2.71 lvl:2.39) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Geography (imp:2.61 lvl:3.05) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Mechanical (imp:2.45 lvl:3.51) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Law and Government (imp:2.42 lvl:2.22) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Production and Processing (imp:2.35 lvl:2.43) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:2.31 lvl:1.94) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Design (imp:2.29 lvl:2.97) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Psychology (imp:2.22 lvl:2.86) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Economics and Accounting (imp:2.20 lvl:2.37) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:2.09 lvl:2.12) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Sales and Marketing (imp:1.97 lvl:2.35) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Transportation (imp:1.95 lvl:1.33) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Food Production (imp:1.85) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
  Building and Construction (imp:1.78 lvl:2.23) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  History and Archeology (imp:1.69 lvl:1.55) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Telecommunications (imp:1.59) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.57) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.49) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Foreign Language (imp:1.38) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Fine Arts (imp:1.08) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform

--- ABILITIES ---
  Oral Comprehension (imp:4.12 lvl:5.00) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Written Comprehension (imp:4.12 lvl:5.12) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Written Expression (imp:4.12 lvl:5.00) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:4.12 lvl:5.00) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Oral Expression (imp:4.00 lvl:5.12) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Information Ordering (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Category Flexibility (imp:4.00 lvl:5.00) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Near Vision (imp:4.00 lvl:4.12) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:3.88 lvl:4.12) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:3.88 lvl:4.88) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:3.88 lvl:4.25) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.88 lvl:4.12) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.75 lvl:4.12) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:3.62 lvl:4.00) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.25 lvl:4.00) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Originality (imp:3.12 lvl:3.88) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Number Facility (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Far Vision (imp:3.12 lvl:3.75) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Perceptual Speed (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Visualization (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Selective Attention (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Memorization (imp:2.75 lvl:3.00) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Time Sharing (imp:2.75 lvl:2.12) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Finger Dexterity (imp:2.62 lvl:2.62) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Depth Perception (imp:2.12 lvl:1.88) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Manual Dexterity (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Control Precision (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Static Strength (imp:2.00 lvl:1.12) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Trunk Strength (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:1.88 lvl:0.88) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Extent Flexibility (imp:1.88 lvl:0.88) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:1.88 lvl:1.00) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:1.88 lvl:0.88) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:1.88 lvl:1.75) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Stamina (imp:1.75 lvl:0.75) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Reaction Time (imp:1.62 lvl:0.62) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Dynamic Strength (imp:1.62 lvl:0.62) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.62 lvl:0.62) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Sound Localization (imp:1.62 lvl:0.62) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
  Rate Control (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Spatial Orientation (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Night Vision (imp:1.25 lvl:0.25) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Response Orientation (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Processing Information (imp:4.87 lvl:5.95) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:4.78 lvl:5.71) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Working with Computers (imp:4.65 lvl:3.35) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:4.63 lvl:5.80) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:4.62 lvl:5.27) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Getting Information (imp:4.52 lvl:5.74) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:4.50 lvl:5.18) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:4.49 lvl:5.08) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:4.49 lvl:5.54) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:4.30 lvl:5.66) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:4.26 lvl:4.76) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:4.26 lvl:4.96) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:4.15 lvl:4.01) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:4.10 lvl:4.84) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Thinking Creatively (imp:4.04 lvl:4.72) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:4.02 lvl:5.31) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:4.01 lvl:4.28) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.99 lvl:4.85) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:3.95 lvl:4.46) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:3.87 lvl:4.07) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:3.69 lvl:4.06) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:3.59 lvl:3.73) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:3.58 lvl:4.01) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:3.55 lvl:3.57) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:3.49 lvl:3.11) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:3.45 lvl:4.58) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:3.43 lvl:3.87) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:3.28 lvl:4.33) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:3.28 lvl:3.95) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:3.23 lvl:3.74) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:3.22 lvl:4.20) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:3.05 lvl:3.02) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:2.98 lvl:4.06) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:2.88 lvl:2.78) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:2.83 lvl:2.05) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:2.57 lvl:2.86) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:2.56 lvl:3.28) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:2.46 lvl:2.42) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:2.41 lvl:3.03) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:2.38 lvl:2.68) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:2.25 lvl:3.49) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Dependability (imp:5.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Attention to Detail (imp:4.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:3.00) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Integrity (imp:3.00) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.53) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Innovation (imp:2.30) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Dependability (imp:2.08) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Integrity (imp:2.03) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:2.00) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Achievement Orientation (imp:1.95) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Cooperation (imp:1.70) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Perseverance (imp:1.58) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Cautiousness (imp:1.50) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:1.41) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative (imp:1.41) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability (imp:1.29) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Leadership Orientation (imp:1.29) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Social Orientation (imp:1.29) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Self-Confidence (imp:1.24) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Innovation (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Stress Tolerance (imp:0.95) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Sincerity (imp:0.92) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Humility (imp:0.75) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Self-Control (imp:0.75) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Empathy (imp:0.43) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Optimism (imp:0.43) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Achievement Orientation () — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Cautiousness () — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Coordination (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Instructing (imp:3.00 lvl:3.88) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Programming (imp:3.00 lvl:3.75) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Systems Analysis (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Systems Evaluation (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Time Management (imp:3.00 lvl:3.62) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Persuasion (imp:2.75 lvl:3.00) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Service Orientation (imp:2.62 lvl:2.75) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Negotiation (imp:2.50 lvl:2.50) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:2.50 lvl:2.75) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Operations Monitoring (imp:1.88 lvl:1.62) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Operation and Control (imp:1.88 lvl:0.88) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:1.88 lvl:2.00) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Management of Material Resources (imp:1.88 lvl:1.88) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Operations Analysis (imp:1.75 lvl:1.38) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Technology Design (imp:1.62 lvl:0.62) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Troubleshooting (imp:1.62 lvl:0.62) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Equipment Selection (imp:1.00) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.00) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Repairing (imp:1.00) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 55,850
  annual_median    : $98,920
  annual_pct10     : $60,430
  annual_pct25     : $76,800
  annual_pct75     : $127,670
  annual_pct90     : $168,010
  annual_mean      : $106,330
  hourly_median    : $47.56

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : Maryland ($121,680)
  lowest_state     : Missouri ($63,290)
  dispersion_ratio : 1.923x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (52 total) ---
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:   21,690  median: $  97,470
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:   20,310  median: $ 102,490
  Educational Services                     emp:    5,010  median: $  77,450
  Manufacturing                            emp:    3,430  median: $ 124,280
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:    2,410  median: $  98,810
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:      900  median: $  97,990
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:      690  median: $ 135,910
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:      610  median: $ 107,830
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:      250  median: $  96,610
  Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting emp:      210  median: $  60,370

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (12 total) ---
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:   21,690  median: $  97,470
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:   20,310  median: $ 102,490
  Educational Services                     emp:    5,010  median: $  77,450
  Manufacturing                            emp:    3,430  median: $ 124,280
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:    2,410  median: $  98,810
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:      900  median: $  97,990
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:      690  median: $ 135,910
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:      610  median: $ 107,830
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:      250  median: $  96,610
  Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting emp:      210  median: $  60,370

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Biologist
match_score        : 0.9474
wikidata_qid       : Q864503
word_count         : 1,743
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologist
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T20:44:39.002893Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
A biologist is a scientist who conducts research in biology. Biologists are interested in studying life on Earth, whether it is an individual cell, a multicellular organism, or a community of interacting populations. They usually specialize in a particular branch (e.g., molecular biology, zoology, and evolutionary biology) of biology and have a specific research focus (e.g., studying malaria or cancer).
Biologists who are involved in basic research have the aim of advancing knowledge about the natural world. They conduct their research using the scientific method, which is an empirical method for testing hypotheses. Their discoveries may have applications for some specific purpose such as in biotechnology, which has the goal of developing medically useful products for humans.
In modern times, most biologists have one or more academic degrees such as a bachelor's degree, as well as an advanced degree such as a master's degree or a doctorate. Like other scientists, biologists can be found working in different sectors of the economy such as in academia, nonprofits, private industry, or government.


== History ==

Francesco Redi, the founder of experimental biology, is recognized to be one of the greatest biologists of all time. Robert Hooke, an English natural philosopher, coined the term cell, suggesting plant structure's resemblance to honeycomb cells.
Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace independently formulated the theory of evolution by natural selection, which was described in detail in Darwin's book On the Origin of Species, published in 1859. In it, Darwin proposed that the features of all living things, including humans, were shaped by natural processes of descent with accumulated modification leading to divergence over long periods of time. The theory of evolution in its current form affects almost all areas of biology. Separately, Gregor Mendel formulated the principles of inheritance in 1866, which became the basis of modern genetics.
In 1953, James D. Watson and Francis Crick described the basic structure of DNA, the genetic material for expressing life in all its forms, building on the work of Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin, suggested that the structure of DNA was a double helix.
Ian Wilmut led a research group that in 1996 first cloned a mammal from an adult somatic cell, a Finnish Dorset lamb named Dolly.


== Education ==
An undergraduate degree in biology typically requires coursework in molecular and cellular biology, development, ecology, genetics, microbiology, anatomy, physiology, botany, zoology and paleontology. Additional requirements may include physics, chemistry (general, organic, and biochemistry), calculus, and statistics.
Students who aspire to a research-oriented career usually pursue a graduate degree such as a master's or a doctorate (e.g., PhD) whereby they would receive training from a research head based on an apprenticeship model that has been in existence since the 1800s. Students in these graduate programs often receive specialized training in a particular subdiscipline of biology.


== Research ==

Biologists who work in basic research formulate theories and devise experiments to advance human knowledge on life including topics such as evolution, biochemistry, molecular biology, neuroscience and cell biology.
Biologists typically conduct laboratory experiments involving animals, plants, microorganisms or biomolecules. However, a small part of biological research also occurs outside the laboratory and may involve natural observation rather than experimentation. For example, a botanist may investigate the plant species present in a particular environment, while an ecologist might study how a forest area recovers after a fire.
Biologists who work in applied research use instead the accomplishments gained by basic research to further knowledge in particular fields or applications. For example, this applied research may be used to develop new pharmaceutical drugs, treatments and medical diagnostic tests. Biological scientists conducting applied research and product development in private industry may be required to describe their research plans or results to non-scientists who are in a position to veto or approve their ideas. These scientists must consider the business effects of their work.
Swift advances in knowledge of genetics and organic molecules spurred growth in the field of biotechnology, transforming the industries in which biological scientists work. Biological scientists can now manipulate the genetic material of animals and plants, attempting to make organisms (including humans) more productive or resistant to disease. Basic and applied research on biotechnological processes, such as recombining DNA, has led to the production of important substances, including human insulin and growth hormone. Many other substances not previously available in large quantities are now produced by biotechnological means. Some of these substances are useful in treating diseases.
Those working on various genome (chromosomes with their associated genes) projects isolate genes and determine their function. This work continues to lead to the discovery of genes associated with specific diseases and inherited health risks, such as sickle cell anemia. Advances in biotechnology have created research opportunities in almost all areas of biology, with commercial applications in areas such as medicine, agriculture, and environmental remediation.


=== Specializations ===
Most biological scientists specialize in the study of a certain type of organism or in a specific activity, although recent advances have blurred some traditional classifications.

Geneticists study genetics, the science of genes, heredity, and variation of organisms.
Neuroscientists study the nervous system.
Developmental biologists study the process of development and growth of organisms.
Biochemists study the chemical composition of living things. They analyze the complex chemical combinations and reactions involved in metabolism, reproduction, and growth.
Molecular biologists study the biological activity between biomolecules.
Microbiologists investigate the growth and characteristics of microscopic organisms such as bacteria, algae, or fungi.
Physiologists study life functions of plants and animals, in the whole organism and at the cellular or molecular level, under normal and abnormal conditions. Physiologists often specialize in functions such as growth, reproduction, photosynthesis, respiration, or movement, or in the physiology of a certain area or system of the organism.
Biophysicists use experimental methods traditionally employed in physics to answer biological questions.
Computational biologists apply the techniques of computer science, applied mathematics and statistics to address biological problems. The main focus lies on developing mathematical modeling and computational simulation techniques. By these means it addresses scientific research topics with their theoretical and experimental questions without a laboratory.
Zoologists and wildlife biologists study animals and wildlife—their origin, behavior, diseases, and life processes. Some experiment with live animals in controlled or natural surroundings, while others dissect dead animals to study their structure. Zoologists and wildlife biologists also may collect and analyze biological data to determine the environmental effects of current and potential uses of land and water areas. Zoologists usually are identified by the animal group they study. For example, ornithologists study birds, mammalogists study mammals, herpetologists study reptiles and amphibians, ichthyologists study fish, cnidariologists study jellyfishes and entomologists study insects.
Botanists study plants and their environments. Some study all aspects of plant life, including algae, lichens, mosses, ferns, conifers, and flowering plants; others specialize in areas such as identification and classification of plants, the struc

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: The Company of Biologists (similarity: 0.5714)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Company_of_Biologists
  QID: Q1524107
  Extract: The Company of Biologists is a UK-based charity and not-for-profit publisher that was established in 1925 by George Parker Bidder III with the aim of promoting research and study across all branches of biology. The company publishes currently five scientific journals: Development, Journal of Cell Sc

  Title: Evolutionary biology (similarity: 0.4000)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_biology
  QID: Q840400
  Extract: Evolutionary biology is a subfield of biology that analyzes the four mechanisms of evolution: natural selection, mutation, genetic drift, and gene flow. Natural selection was independently discovered as the engine of evolution by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace, based on patterns in the geo

  Title: Molecular biology (similarity: 0.4444)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_biology
  QID: Q7202
  Extract: Molecular biology is a branch of biology that seeks to understand the molecular structures and chemical processes that are the basis of biological activity within and between cells. It is centered largely on the study of nucleic acids and proteins. It examines the structure, function, and interactio

  Title: Marine biology (similarity: 0.5000)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_biology
  QID: Q7173
  Extract: Marine biology is the scientific study of the biology of marine life, organisms that inhabit the sea. Given that in biology many phyla, families and genera have some species that live in the sea and others that live on land, marine biology classifies species based on the environment rather than on t

  Title: Rachel Carson (similarity: 0.0870)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel_Carson
  QID: Q100948
  Extract: Rachel Louise Carson was an American marine biologist, writer, and conservationist whose sea trilogy (1941–1955) and book Silent Spring (1962) are credited with advancing marine conservation and the global environmental movement.

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong confidence supported by comprehensive O*NET data, clear Wikipedia match, robust wage data from BLS OEWS May 2025, and well-defined skill/knowledge profiles with specific work activities.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T15:28:18.328273+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,530
tokens_output        : 4,054
cost_usd             : $0.045389
wikipedia_used       : True
wikipedia_title      : Biologist
wikipedia_note       : Wikipedia confirms biologists as scientists conducting biological research with specialization in particular branches, studying life from individual cells to interacting populations. This aligns with the O*NET description of researching basic principles of plant and animal life including origin, relationships, and development.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Biologists research fundamental principles of plant and animal life, studying origin, relationships, development, anatomy, and functions of living organisms. They collect and analyze biological data about relationships between organisms and their environment, conducting research that spans from individual cells to entire ecosystems. These scientists prepare technical reports, write grant proposals, and communicate findings to scientific communities and the public while maintaining extensive knowledge in biology, mathematics, and related fields.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
A biologist begins their day analyzing biological data collected from field studies or laboratory experiments, using statistical software like SPSS or Excel to identify patterns in organism relationships and environmental interactions. They spend significant time processing information and making decisions about research directions, often working with computers to model biological systems or manage large datasets. Mid-day involves writing technical reports or grant proposals to secure funding for ongoing research projects, requiring careful attention to detail and clear communication of complex scientific concepts. Afternoons may include preparing for conferences where they represent their institution, collaborating with colleagues on interdisciplinary projects, or conducting field work to study aquatic plants, animal populations, or environmental conditions. The day often concludes with updating research knowledge through scientific literature review and planning future experiments or data collection activities.

WHO THRIVES:
Individuals with high investigative interests who possess exceptional intellectual curiosity and analytical thinking abilities excel as biologists. Those who demonstrate strong dependability, attention to detail, and integrity are well-suited for the rigorous demands of scientific research and data analysis. People who enjoy complex problem-solving and can maintain focus during extended periods of data processing and report writing find satisfaction in this role. The profession attracts individuals with strong written and oral communication skills who can effectively translate complex biological concepts for diverse audiences, from scientific peers to public stakeholders. Those who thrive possess both the patience for meticulous laboratory work and the adaptability needed for fieldwork in varying environmental conditions.

CAREER ENTRY:
Entry into biology careers typically requires a master's degree (55.0% of professionals) or bachelor's degree (23.4%), with many positions demanding post-doctoral training (21.6%). Extensive preparation in Job Zone 5 indicates candidates need advanced coursework in biology, chemistry, mathematics, and research methodologies. New biologists often begin with research assistant positions or entry-level roles in government agencies, consulting firms, or educational institutions where they develop practical experience in data collection, analysis, and report writing under supervision.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Experienced biologists advance to senior research positions, laboratory management roles, or specialized consulting positions in environmental impact assessment. Many progress to Natural Sciences Manager positions overseeing research teams and budgets, while others pursue academic careers combining research with teaching responsibilities. The strong foundation in biological principles and research methodologies enables transitions into related fields such as conservation science, biotechnology, or regulatory science within government agencies.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
According to BLS OEWS May 2025 data, 55,850 biologists are employed with a median annual salary of $98,920, ranging from $60,430 to $168,010 for the 10th to 90th percentiles. Geographic variation is significant, with Maryland offering the highest wages at $121,680 compared to Missouri's $63,290, representing a 1.92x differential. Employment is concentrated in government sectors (21,690 positions), professional and technical services (20,310), and educational institutions (5,010). The field shows stability with consistent demand driven by environmental monitoring needs, biotechnology advancement, and regulatory compliance requirements. Remote and hybrid work opportunities are expanding, particularly for data analysis and report writing functions, though field work remains location-dependent.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
Biology positions face moderate automation risk primarily in data processing and routine analysis tasks, as advanced statistical software and machine learning tools increasingly handle pattern recognition in biological datasets. However, core activities requiring scientific judgment, field work, grant writing, and stakeholder communication remain largely automation-resistant, with human expertise essential for interpreting complex biological relationships and environmental interactions.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [skill_overlap] Molecular and Cellular Biologists (19-1029.02) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles share identical top skills in Science (4.6 importance), Reading Comprehension (4.1), and Critical Thinking (4.0) with similar biology knowledge requirements.
    data: Science skill importance 4.6
    data: Biology knowledge level 6.2
    data: Job Zone 5 classification
  [task_similarity] Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists (19-1023.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles involve studying animal populations and environmental relationships, with shared tasks in data collection and environmental research.
    data: Study and manage wild animal populations task
    data: Collect biological data about organism relationships
    data: Research environmental effects
  [career_pathway] Biological Technicians (19-4021.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Biological Technicians represent typical entry-level positions supporting biologist research activities with lower education requirements.
    data: Job Zone 5 vs lower zones
    data: Supporting research functions
    data: Biology knowledge overlap
  [career_pathway] Natural Sciences Managers (11-9121.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Natural Sciences Managers represent senior advancement opportunities for experienced biologists, requiring similar biology knowledge with added management responsibilities.
    data: Administration and Management knowledge 3.4
    data: Biology foundation requirement
    data: Leadership progression path
  [knowledge_overlap] Conservation Scientists (19-1031.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both roles share environmental research focus and require similar biology knowledge with overlapping tasks in environmental impact assessment.
    data: Research environmental effects task
    data: Biology knowledge requirement
    data: Environmental data collection

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['biologist', 'biological scientist', 'biology research', 'organism study', 'environmental research', 'biological data', 'life sciences', 'biological analysis']
  exclude_keywords : ['medical doctor', 'clinical medicine', 'patient care', 'pharmaceutical sales', 'laboratory technician']
  title_patterns   : ['*Biologist', 'Biological *', 'Biology *', 'Bio* Scientist', '*Biology Researcher']
  common_variations: ['Aquatic Biologist', 'Biological Scientist', 'Biology Scientist', 'Cell Biologist', 'Research Biologist', 'Environmental Biologist', 'Wildlife Biologist', 'Marine Biologist']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['research', 'others', 'tendency', 'study', 'biology', 'biologists', 'biological', 'equipment', 'principles', 'organisms', 'environmental', 'life', 'scientific', 'plant', 'plants', 'control', 'scientists', 'natural', 'technical', 'relationships']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
research                   53  0.01388  wikipedia            wikipedia:42%  inference:25%  dwas:21%
others                     43  0.01126  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:88%  wikipedia:9%  inference:2%
tendency                   42  0.01100  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
study                      37  0.00969  wikipedia            wikipedia:84%  onet_tasks:14%  inference:3%
biology                    35  0.00916  wikipedia            wikipedia:86%  inference:11%  onet_dimensions:3%
biologists                 31  0.00812  wikipedia            wikipedia:81%  inference:19%
biological                 28  0.00733  wikipedia            wikipedia:50%  inference:29%  onet_tasks:14%
equipment                  24  0.00628  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:96%  dwas:4%
principles                 22  0.00576  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:73%  inference:14%  wikipedia:9%
organisms                  21  0.00550  wikipedia            wikipedia:67%  dwas:14%  inference:10%
environmental              20  0.00524  dwas                 dwas:30%  inference:30%  onet_tasks:20%
life                       17  0.00445  wikipedia            wikipedia:59%  inference:18%  onet_tasks:12%
scientific                 16  0.00419  inference            inference:38%  wikipedia:31%  onet_tasks:12%
plant                      14  0.00367  wikipedia            wikipedia:43%  onet_tasks:21%  onet_dimensions:21%
plants                     14  0.00367  wikipedia            wikipedia:79%  onet_tasks:14%  inference:7%
control                    13  0.00340  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:92%  onet_tasks:8%
scientists                 13  0.00340  wikipedia            wikipedia:77%  inference:15%  onet_tasks:8%
natural                    13  0.00340  wikipedia            wikipedia:69%  dwas:23%  inference:8%
technical                  12  0.00314  dwas                 dwas:33%  onet_dimensions:25%  inference:25%
relationships              12  0.00314  inference            inference:42%  onet_dimensions:25%  dwas:17%
marine                     12  0.00314  wikipedia            wikipedia:92%  onet_tasks:8%
writing                    12  0.00314  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:50%  inference:42%  wikipedia:8%
includes                   12  0.00314  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
techniques                 12  0.00314  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:83%  wikipedia:17%
ideas                      12  0.00314  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:92%  wikipedia:8%
objects                    12  0.00314  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
activities                 12  0.00314  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:75%  inference:17%  dwas:8%
management                 11  0.00288  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:64%  onet_tasks:27%  inference:9%
animal                     11  0.00288  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:36%  onet_dimensions:27%  inference:27%
resources                  11  0.00288  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:82%  onet_tasks:9%  dwas:9%
government                 10  0.00262  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:30%  inference:30%  onet_tasks:20%
public                     10  0.00262  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:40%  onet_tasks:30%  inference:20%
working                    10  0.00262  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:40%  wikipedia:40%  onet_tasks:10%
physical                   10  0.00262  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:60%  wikipedia:20%  onet_tasks:10%
structure                  10  0.00262  wikipedia            wikipedia:60%  onet_dimensions:30%  onet_tasks:10%
standards                  10  0.00262  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:80%  onet_tasks:10%  dwas:10%
problems                   10  0.00262  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:90%  wikipedia:10%
procedures                 10  0.00262  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:80%  dwas:10%  wikipedia:10%
human                      10  0.00262  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:70%  wikipedia:20%  inference:10%
materials                  10  0.00262  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%