[Core] [74% incumbents] Monitor contract compliance and results of forestry activities to assure adherence to government regulations.
  DWAs: Assess compliance with environmental laws.

[Core] [74% incumbents] Negotiate terms and conditions of agreements and contracts for forest harvesting, forest management and leasing of forest lands.
  DWAs: Negotiate sales or lease agreements for products or services. | Negotiate contracts for environmental remediation, green energy, or renewable resources.

[Core] [74% incumbents] Plan and implement projects for conservation of wildlife habitats and soil and water quality.
  DWAs: Plan natural resources conservation or restoration programs.

[Core] [74% incumbents] Establish short- and long-term plans for management of forest lands and forest resources.
  DWAs: Develop plans to manage natural or renewable resources.

[Core] [74% incumbents] Plan cutting programs and manage timber sales from harvested areas, assisting companies to achieve production goals.
  DWAs: Develop plans to manage natural or renewable resources.

[Core] [74% incumbents] Perform inspections of forests or forest nurseries.
  DWAs: Inspect condition of natural environments.

[Core] [74% incumbents] Map forest area soils and vegetation to estimate the amount of standing timber and future value and growth.
  DWAs: Measure environmental characteristics.

[Core] [74% incumbents] Monitor forest-cleared lands to ensure that they are reclaimed to their most suitable end use.
  DWAs: Monitor environmental impacts of production or development activities.

[Core] [74% incumbents] Develop techniques for measuring and identifying trees.
  DWAs: Develop agricultural methods.

[Core] [74% incumbents] Supervise activities of other forestry workers.
  DWAs: Manage agricultural or forestry operations.

[Core] [74% incumbents] Plan and direct forest surveys and related studies and prepare reports and recommendations.
  DWAs: Plan environmental research. | Direct natural resources management or conservation programs.

[Core] [74% incumbents] Plan and supervise forestry projects, such as determining the type, number and placement of trees to be planted, managing tree nurseries, thinning forest and monitoring growth of new seedlings.
  DWAs: Develop plans to manage natural or renewable resources. | Manage agricultural or forestry operations.

[Core] [74% incumbents] Choose and prepare sites for new trees, using controlled burning, bulldozers, or herbicides to clear weeds, brush, and logging debris.
  DWAs: Cultivate land.

[Supplemental] [74% incumbents] Subcontract with loggers or pulpwood cutters for tree removal and to aid in road layout.
  DWAs: Negotiate contracts with clients or service providers. | Hire farming, fishing or forestry workers.

[Supplemental] [74% incumbents] Direct, and participate in, forest fire suppression.
  DWAs: Manage agricultural or forestry operations.

[Supplemental] [74% incumbents] Study different tree species' classification, life history, light and soil requirements, adaptation to new environmental conditions and resistance to disease and insects.
  DWAs: Conduct research of processes in natural or industrial ecosystems.

[Supplemental] [74% incumbents] Analyze effect of forest conditions on tree growth rates and tree species prevalence and the yield, duration, seed production, growth viability, and germination of different species.
  DWAs: Research crop management methods.

[Supplemental] [74% incumbents] Plan and direct construction and maintenance of recreation facilities, fire towers, trails, roads and bridges, ensuring that they comply with guidelines and regulations set for forested public lands.
  DWAs: Manage agricultural or forestry operations.

[Core] [73% incumbents] Determine methods of cutting and removing timber with minimum waste and environmental damage.
  DWAs: Determine methods to minimize environmental impact of activities.

[Core] [73% incumbents] Provide advice and recommendations, as a consultant on forestry issues, to private woodlot owners, firefighters, government agencies or to companies.
  DWAs: Advise others about environmental management or conservation.

[Supplemental] [73% incumbents] Procure timber from private landowners.
  DWAs: Purchase materials, equipment, or other resources.

[Supplemental] [73% incumbents] Conduct public educational programs on forest care and conservation.
  DWAs: Develop educational programs.

[Supplemental] [73% incumbents] Monitor wildlife populations and assess the impacts of forest operations on population and habitats.
  DWAs: Monitor environmental impacts of production or development activities.

[Supplemental] [73% incumbents] Contact local forest owners and gain permission to take inventory of the type, amount, and location of all standing timber on the property.
  DWAs: Obtain written authorization to perform activities. | Establish interpersonal business relationships to facilitate work activities. | Coordinate forestry or agricultural activities.

[Supplemental] [73% incumbents] Develop new techniques for wood or residue use.
  DWAs: Develop agricultural methods.

--- SKILLS ---
  Active Listening (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Reading Comprehension (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Speaking (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Critical Thinking (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Writing (imp:3.75 lvl:4.12) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Monitoring (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Active Learning (imp:3.12 lvl:3.88) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Mathematics (imp:2.88 lvl:3.62) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Learning Strategies (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Science (imp:2.75 lvl:3.00) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:3.90 lvl:5.05) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  English Language (imp:3.80 lvl:4.14) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Administration and Management (imp:3.78 lvl:4.42) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Biology (imp:3.72 lvl:4.37) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Law and Government (imp:3.43 lvl:3.87) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Mathematics (imp:3.33 lvl:4.21) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Geography (imp:3.29 lvl:3.86) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Public Safety and Security (imp:3.27 lvl:3.62) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Education and Training (imp:3.11 lvl:3.87) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Computers and Electronics (imp:3.01 lvl:3.43) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Administrative (imp:2.99 lvl:3.86) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Communications and Media (imp:2.78 lvl:3.05) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Production and Processing (imp:2.76 lvl:3.03) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Transportation (imp:2.59 lvl:2.67) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Engineering and Technology (imp:2.57 lvl:2.89) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Mechanical (imp:2.34 lvl:2.70) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Economics and Accounting (imp:2.30 lvl:2.20) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:2.21 lvl:2.39) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Sales and Marketing (imp:2.20 lvl:2.18) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Chemistry (imp:2.14 lvl:2.51) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Telecommunications (imp:2.10 lvl:1.68) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  History and Archeology (imp:2.07 lvl:2.10) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Building and Construction (imp:1.92 lvl:2.08) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Design (imp:1.74 lvl:1.48) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Physics (imp:1.74 lvl:1.45) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:1.66 lvl:1.30) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Food Production (imp:1.60 lvl:1.39) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
  Psychology (imp:1.55 lvl:1.18) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Foreign Language (imp:1.49 lvl:0.96) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.47 lvl:1.07) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.31 lvl:0.66) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:1.26 lvl:0.85) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Fine Arts (imp:1.03) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform

--- ABILITIES ---
  Oral Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.12) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Written Comprehension (imp:3.88 lvl:4.12) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Oral Expression (imp:3.88 lvl:4.12) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Information Ordering (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Written Expression (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Near Vision (imp:3.62 lvl:3.88) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.62 lvl:3.12) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.62 lvl:3.00) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.38 lvl:3.88) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Originality (imp:3.25 lvl:3.62) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Far Vision (imp:3.25 lvl:3.50) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Visualization (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Trunk Strength (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:3.00 lvl:3.62) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Selective Attention (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:2.88 lvl:3.25) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Number Facility (imp:2.88 lvl:3.12) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Perceptual Speed (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Time Sharing (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Control Precision (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.62 lvl:2.88) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Spatial Orientation (imp:2.62 lvl:2.62) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Static Strength (imp:2.62 lvl:2.75) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Depth Perception (imp:2.62 lvl:2.75) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Memorization (imp:2.50 lvl:2.75) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:2.50 lvl:3.00) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.50 lvl:2.25) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Finger Dexterity (imp:2.38 lvl:2.00) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.38 lvl:2.62) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Reaction Time (imp:2.25 lvl:2.25) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Dynamic Strength (imp:2.25 lvl:2.25) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Stamina (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Manual Dexterity (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Response Orientation (imp:2.00 lvl:2.12) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Rate Control (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:2.00 lvl:1.38) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Explosive Strength (imp:2.00 lvl:1.38) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Extent Flexibility (imp:2.00 lvl:2.25) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Night Vision (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Sound Localization (imp:2.00 lvl:1.25) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.75 lvl:0.88) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:4.48 lvl:5.21) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:4.36 lvl:4.87) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:4.34 lvl:4.93) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:4.33 lvl:4.69) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:4.24 lvl:4.93) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:4.23 lvl:4.57) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:4.14 lvl:5.07) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:4.14 lvl:5.15) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:4.11 lvl:4.75) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:4.11 lvl:4.61) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Getting Information (imp:4.04 lvl:4.19) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:4.04 lvl:4.12) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Working with Computers (imp:3.95 lvl:3.91) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:3.92 lvl:3.96) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:3.88 lvl:4.46) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:3.85 lvl:3.99) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Processing Information (imp:3.84 lvl:4.60) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:3.83 lvl:3.74) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:3.77 lvl:4.81) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.76 lvl:4.34) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:3.74 lvl:4.56) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:3.72 lvl:4.28) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:3.71 lvl:3.60) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:3.66 lvl:3.90) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:3.58 lvl:4.14) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:3.48 lvl:4.39) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:3.48 lvl:3.57) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:3.46 lvl:4.65) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:3.46 lvl:4.18) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Thinking Creatively (imp:3.28 lvl:3.85) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:3.11 lvl:3.62) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:3.07 lvl:4.40) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:3.04 lvl:3.54) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:2.97 lvl:3.11) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:2.96 lvl:3.66) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:2.83 lvl:3.21) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:2.64 lvl:3.00) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:2.59 lvl:3.05) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:2.57 lvl:2.86) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:2.36 lvl:3.14) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:2.12 lvl:1.83) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Dependability (imp:5.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Attention to Detail (imp:4.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Integrity (imp:3.00) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Dependability (imp:2.36) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Leadership Orientation (imp:2.16) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Integrity (imp:2.10) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Cautiousness (imp:2.03) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.02) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Cautiousness (imp:2.00) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Perseverance (imp:1.90) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Achievement Orientation (imp:1.80) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Cooperation (imp:1.74) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Adaptability (imp:1.72) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Initiative (imp:1.69) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:1.68) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Self-Confidence (imp:1.50) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Innovation (imp:1.41) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Stress Tolerance (imp:1.32) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control (imp:1.25) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:1.24) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Leadership Orientation (imp:1.00) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Sincerity (imp:0.98) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Social Orientation (imp:0.95) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Optimism (imp:0.64) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Humility (imp:0.50) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Empathy (imp:0.45) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Achievement Orientation () — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Intellectual Curiosity () — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:3.88 lvl:4.12) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:3.75 lvl:4.12) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Systems Analysis (imp:3.62 lvl:4.00) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Systems Evaluation (imp:3.62 lvl:3.75) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Coordination (imp:3.50 lvl:3.88) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Time Management (imp:3.50 lvl:3.75) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Negotiation (imp:3.25 lvl:3.75) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Persuasion (imp:3.12 lvl:3.38) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Management of Material Resources (imp:3.12 lvl:2.88) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:3.12 lvl:3.50) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Instructing (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Service Orientation (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Operations Monitoring (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Operations Analysis (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Operation and Control (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:2.88 lvl:2.50) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:2.50 lvl:2.25) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Technology Design (imp:2.12 lvl:1.88) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Equipment Selection (imp:2.12 lvl:1.62) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Troubleshooting (imp:2.00 lvl:1.50) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.62 lvl:1.00) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Repairing (imp:1.62 lvl:0.88) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
  Programming (imp:1.50 lvl:0.75) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 10,430
  annual_median    : $76,400
  annual_pct10     : $50,790
  annual_pct25     : $62,710
  annual_pct75     : $91,640
  annual_pct90     : $109,700
  annual_mean      : $79,170
  hourly_median    : $36.73

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : California ($107,120)
  lowest_state     : Oklahoma ($50,990)
  dispersion_ratio : 2.101x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (44 total) ---
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:    6,140  median: $  72,900
  Utilities                                emp:      910  median: $ 102,040
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:      680  median: $  61,060
  Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting emp:      650  median: $  80,150
  Manufacturing                            emp:      600  median: $  84,040
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:      410  median: $  74,710
  Educational Services                     emp:      370  median: $  67,370
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:      270  median: $  93,150
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:      260  median: $  77,870

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (9 total) ---
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:    6,140  median: $  72,900
  Utilities                                emp:      910  median: $ 102,040
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:      680  median: $  61,060
  Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting emp:      650  median: $  80,150
  Manufacturing                            emp:      600  median: $  84,040
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:      410  median: $  74,710
  Educational Services                     emp:      370  median: $  67,370
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:      270  median: $  93,150
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:      260  median: $  77,870

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Forester
match_score        : 0.9412
wikidata_qid       : Q1895303
word_count         : 643
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forester
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T20:45:36.758135Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
A forester is a person who practises forest management and forestry, the science, art, and profession of managing forests. Foresters engage in a broad range of activities including ecological restoration and management of protected areas. Foresters manage forests to provide a variety of objectives including direct extraction of raw material, outdoor recreation, conservation, hunting and aesthetics. Emerging management practices include managing forestlands for biodiversity, carbon sequestration and air quality.
Foresters work for the timber industry, government agencies, conservation groups, local authorities, urban parks boards, citizens' associations, and private landowners. The forestry profession includes a wide diversity of jobs, with educational requirements ranging from college bachelor's degrees to PhDs for highly specialized work. 
Industrial foresters plan forest regeneration starting with careful harvesting. Urban foresters manage trees in urban green spaces. Foresters work in tree nurseries growing seedlings for woodland creation or regeneration projects. Foresters improve tree genetics. Forest engineers develop new building systems. Professional foresters measure and model the growth of forests with tools like geographic information systems. Foresters may combat insect infestation, disease, forest and grassland wildfire, but increasingly allow these natural aspects of forest ecosystems to run their course when the likelihood of epidemics or risk of life or property are low. Increasingly, foresters participate in wildlife conservation planning and watershed protection. Foresters have been mainly concerned with timber management, especially reforestation,  forests at prime conditions, and fire control.
Many people confuse the role of the forester with that of the logger, but most foresters are concerned not only with the harvest of timber, but also with the sustainable management of forests. The forester Jack C. Westoby remarked that "forestry is concerned not with trees, but with how trees can serve people".


== Career ==


=== United States ===

The median salary of foresters in the United States was $53,750, in 2008.  Beginning foresters without bachelor's degrees make considerably less. Those with master's degrees are able to command salaries closer to the average. The Council for Higher Education Accreditation considers the Society of American Foresters as the principal accreditor for academic degree programs in professional forestry, both at a Bachelor's and Master's level.
Usually a bachelor's degree is considered the minimum education required, but some individuals are able to secure a job without a college education based on their experience.  Some states have a licensing requirement for foresters, and most of those require at least a four-year degree.
Foresters are often employed by private industry, federal and state land management agencies, or private consulting firms.


== Medieval foresters ==
Forester was a title used widely during Medieval times. The forester usually held a position equal to a sheriff or local law enforcer, and he could act as a barrister or arbiter. He was often based in a forester's lodge, and was responsible for patrolling the woodlands on a lord or noble's property, hence the synonymous term 'woodward'. His duties included negotiating sales of lumber and timber and stopping poachers from illegally hunting. Frequently outlaws would take refuge in heavily wooded regions. When this occurred it was the duty of the forester to organize armed posses to capture or disperse the criminals and during war time foresters were used as scouts to spy on enemy troop movement.
The pay and status of foresters was usually above average, reflecting the responsibility of their role in a medieval environment and economy.


== Notable foresters ==


== See also ==

Arborist
List of forest research institutes
List of forestry universities and colleges
Reeve (England)
Society of American Foresters
Institute of Chartered Foresters
Verderer


== References ==


== External links ==

SAF Accredited Professional Forestry Degree Programs
SAF Recognized Forest Technology Degree Programs
Center for International Forestry Research
International Union of Forest Research Organizations
FAO Forestry Department Archived 2006-02-19 at the Wayback Machine
The National Forest (England)
Forestry Commission (Great Britain) Archived 2010-10-07 at the Wayback Machine

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Foresters Friendly Society (similarity: 0.5143)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foresters_Friendly_Society
  QID: Q5469236
  Extract: The Foresters Friendly Society is a British friendly society which was formed in 1834 as the Ancient Order of Foresters. As of 31 December 2016, the society had approximately 75,000 members. 
Its head office is located in Southampton, England.

  Title: Virginia Department of Forestry (similarity: 0.3500)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Department_of_Forestry
  QID: Q7934239
  Extract: The Virginia Department of Forestry (VDOF) was established in 1914 to prevent and suppress forest fires and reforest bare lands. Since its inception, the agency has grown and evolved to encompass other protection and management duties:Protecting Virginia's Forests from Wildfire
Managing the Forest R

  Title: Suicide of Christine Chubbuck (similarity: 0.2632)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_of_Christine_Chubbuck
  QID: Q449014
  Extract: Christine Chubbuck was an American television news reporter who worked for stations WTOG and WXLT-TV in Sarasota, Florida. She is best known for being the first person to die by suicide on a live television broadcast.

  Title: Ranks and insignia of the German Forest Service (Nazi Germany) (similarity: 0.2254)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranks_and_insignia_of_the_German_Forest_Service_(Nazi_Germany)
  QID: Q108907422
  Extract: The ranks and insignia of the German Forest Service were the paramilitary rank system used by the forest services in Nazi Germany. The collar tabs and shoulder boards underlay identified the service. Green for State Forest Service, gray for Municipal Forest Service, black for Luftwaffe and Heer Fore

  Title: Aldo Leopold (similarity: 0.1905)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldo_Leopold
  QID: Q971382
  Extract: Aldo Leopold was an American writer, philosopher, naturalist, scientist, ecologist, forester, professor, conservationist, and environmentalist. He taught at the University of Wisconsin and is best known for his book A Sand County Almanac (1949), which has been translated into fifteen languages and h

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong data alignment across skills, tasks, and work activities with clear Wikipedia validation and comprehensive occupational detail from multiple O*NET sources.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T15:32:10.311137+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,706
tokens_output        : 4,158
cost_usd             : $0.044872
wikipedia_used       : True
wikipedia_title      : Forester
wikipedia_note       : Wikipedia confirms foresters as professionals managing forests for multiple objectives including raw material extraction, recreation, and conservation. The definition aligns well with O*NET data emphasizing the balance between economic and conservation purposes.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Foresters are natural resource professionals who manage public and private forested lands for economic, recreational, and conservation purposes. They combine scientific expertise in biology, geography, and ecology with business acumen to balance timber harvesting, wildlife conservation, and environmental protection. Their work encompasses everything from timber inventory and contract negotiation to habitat planning and regulatory compliance monitoring.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
A typical day involves monitoring forest conditions through field inspections and mapping activities to assess timber value and ecosystem health. They spend significant time communicating with stakeholders, from negotiating harvest contracts with timber companies to coordinating with government agencies on regulatory compliance. Documentation is central to their role, requiring detailed recording of forest conditions, wildlife habitats, and management activities. They frequently make complex decisions about cutting programs, conservation projects, and land use planning while supervising field crews and technicians. Much of their work involves balancing competing interests between economic extraction and environmental stewardship.

WHO THRIVES:
This role attracts individuals with strong realistic and investigative orientations who enjoy working outdoors while applying scientific principles to practical problems. Successful foresters combine analytical thinking with excellent communication skills, as they must translate technical forest management concepts for diverse audiences including government officials, timber companies, and conservation groups. They exhibit high dependability and attention to detail, essential traits when managing long-term forest resources and ensuring regulatory compliance. The role appeals to those who are comfortable with both independent fieldwork and collaborative stakeholder management, requiring adaptability between solitary forest assessment work and intensive interpersonal coordination.

CAREER ENTRY:
Entry requires a bachelor's degree, with 84% of foresters holding this credential according to education distribution data. Forest management, forestry, natural resources, or related biological sciences programs provide the necessary foundation in biology, geography, and environmental science. Many positions, particularly in government agencies, require additional training in regulations, policy, and public administration. Some roles may accept associate's degrees combined with relevant experience, though advancement opportunities are more limited.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Career progression typically leads to senior management positions such as Forest Supervisor or District Forester, overseeing larger geographical areas and managing teams of forestry professionals. Many advance to specialized consulting roles or move into policy and planning positions within government agencies or environmental organizations. The combination of technical expertise and stakeholder management skills opens pathways to executive roles in natural resource management, environmental consulting, or conservation organizations.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
The field employs 10,430 professionals with a median annual wage of $76,400 according to BLS OEWS May 2025 data, with salaries ranging from $50,790 to $109,700. Geographic variation is substantial, with California offering the highest wages at $107,120 compared to Oklahoma's $50,990, representing a 2.10x ratio reflecting regional differences in forest resources and cost of living. Government employment dominates the sector with 6,140 positions in federal, state, and local agencies, followed by utilities (910) and professional services (680). The concentration in government reflects the public nature of forest management and regulatory oversight responsibilities. Job security tends to be strong given the long-term nature of forest management cycles and ongoing need for environmental stewardship.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
Automation risk is moderate, as core activities like making complex decisions about forest management and establishing stakeholder relationships remain fundamentally human-centered. While technology tools like GIS mapping and remote sensing are enhancing efficiency in forest monitoring and inventory tasks, the need for on-site judgment, regulatory compliance assessment, and stakeholder negotiation provides protection against full automation.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [career_pathway] Forest and Conservation Technicians (19-4071.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Direct supervisory relationship cited in top tasks where foresters 'supervise activities of other forestry workers' with shared forest management focus.
    data: Supervise activities of other forestry workers task
    data: Primary-Short relationship classification
  [skill_overlap] Conservation Scientists (19-1031.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles share identical top-level skills in Active Listening (4.0 importance), Critical Thinking, and focus on natural resource conservation planning.
    data: Active Listening skill match
    data: Conservation planning work activities
    data: Biology knowledge overlap
  [knowledge_overlap] Environmental Scientists and Specialists, Including Health (19-2041.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Strong overlap in Biology knowledge (3.7 importance level 4.4) and environmental monitoring activities including compliance assessment.
    data: Biology knowledge domain
    data: Environmental compliance monitoring
    data: Primary-Long relationship
  [task_similarity] Forest and Conservation Workers (45-4011.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both perform forest inspections and monitoring activities, with foresters in supervisory capacity over conservation workers.
    data: Forest inspection tasks
    data: Monitoring forest conditions
    data: Primary-Short relationship
  [riasec_cluster] Range Managers (19-1031.02) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Similar Realistic-Investigative-Conventional profile with shared focus on natural resource management and land stewardship.
    data: RIASEC R:5.32, I:4.48, C:4.39 profile
    data: Natural resource management focus
    data: Primary-Short relationship

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['forester', 'forest management', 'timber', 'forestry', 'silviculture', 'forest resources', 'woodland', 'forest conservation']
  exclude_keywords : ['urban forester', 'fire fighter', 'park ranger', 'wildlife biologist', 'logger']
  title_patterns   : ['*forester*', 'forest manager', 'forest supervisor', 'forestry consultant', 'silviculturist']
  common_variations: ['area forester', 'district forester', 'consulting forester', 'forest manager', 'forestry specialist', 'forest resource manager', 'woodland manager', 'silviculturist']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['forest', 'tendency', 'others', 'management', 'foresters', 'equipment', 'forestry', 'activities', 'resources', 'principles', 'conservation', 'environmental', 'programs', 'timber', 'includes', 'control', 'government', 'production', 'techniques', 'monitoring']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
forest                     45  0.01402  wikipedia            wikipedia:40%  onet_tasks:33%  inference:27%
tendency                   42  0.01309  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
others                     39  0.01215  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:97%  dwas:3%
management                 29  0.00904  inference            inference:34%  onet_dimensions:24%  wikipedia:24%
foresters                  29  0.00904  wikipedia            wikipedia:86%  inference:14%
equipment                  24  0.00748  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:96%  dwas:4%
forestry                   22  0.00686  wikipedia            wikipedia:45%  dwas:27%  onet_tasks:18%
activities                 21  0.00654  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:43%  dwas:29%  inference:14%
resources                  20  0.00623  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:45%  dwas:35%  inference:15%
principles                 17  0.00530  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:94%  inference:6%
conservation               16  0.00499  inference            inference:44%  wikipedia:25%  dwas:19%
environmental              16  0.00499  dwas                 dwas:50%  inference:38%  onet_tasks:12%
programs                   15  0.00467  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:27%  wikipedia:27%  dwas:20%
timber                     14  0.00436  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:36%  inference:36%  wikipedia:29%
includes                   13  0.00405  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:92%  wikipedia:8%
control                    13  0.00405  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:92%  wikipedia:8%
government                 12  0.00374  inference            inference:50%  onet_dimensions:25%  onet_tasks:17%
production                 12  0.00374  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  onet_tasks:17%  dwas:17%
techniques                 12  0.00374  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:83%  onet_tasks:17%
monitoring                 12  0.00374  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  inference:25%  onet_tasks:8%
objects                    12  0.00374  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
operations                 11  0.00343  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:55%  dwas:36%  onet_tasks:9%
materials                  11  0.00343  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:91%  dwas:9%
ideas                      11  0.00343  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
natural                    11  0.00343  dwas                 dwas:64%  inference:27%  wikipedia:9%
problems                   10  0.00312  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:90%  inference:10%
body                       10  0.00312  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
forests                     9  0.00281  wikipedia            wikipedia:78%  onet_tasks:11%  inference:11%
identifying                 9  0.00281  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  onet_tasks:11%
managing                    9  0.00281  wikipedia            wikipedia:33%  inference:33%  onet_dimensions:22%
public                      9  0.00281  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:44%  inference:33%  onet_tasks:22%
service                     9  0.00281  wikipedia            wikipedia:67%  onet_dimensions:22%  dwas:11%
services                    9  0.00281  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  dwas:11%  wikipedia:11%
quickly                     9  0.00281  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
orientation                 9  0.00281  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
forester                    9  0.00281  wikipedia            wikipedia:89%  inference:11%
quality                     8  0.00249  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:75%  onet_tasks:12%  wikipedia:12%
needs                       8  0.00249  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
procedures                  8  0.00249  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
rules                       8  0.00249  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%