[Core] [65% incumbents] Follow strict safety procedures when handling toxic materials to avoid contamination.
  DWAs: Monitor operational procedures in technical environments to ensure conformance to standards.

[Core] [65% incumbents] Plan and direct studies to investigate human or animal disease, preventive methods, and treatments for disease.
  DWAs: Plan biological research. | Direct medical science or healthcare programs.

[Core] [65% incumbents] Conduct research to develop methodologies, instrumentation, and procedures for medical application, analyzing data and presenting findings to the scientific audience and general public.
  DWAs: Analyze health-related data. | Research topics in area of expertise. | Present research results to others.

[Core] [65% incumbents] Teach principles of medicine and medical and laboratory procedures to physicians, residents, students, and technicians.
  DWAs: Instruct college students in physical or life sciences.

[Core] [65% incumbents] Write and publish articles in scientific journals.
  DWAs: Prepare scientific or technical reports or presentations.

[Core] [65% incumbents] Write applications for research grants.
  DWAs: Write grant proposals. | Prepare proposals or grant applications to obtain project funding.

[Supplemental] [65% incumbents] Standardize drug dosages, methods of immunization, and procedures for manufacture of drugs and medicinal compounds.
  DWAs: Establish standards for medical care.

[Supplemental] [65% incumbents] Study animal and human health and physiological processes.
  DWAs: Collect information about community health needs. | Check physical condition of people or animals. | Measure the physical or physiological attributes of patients.

[Supplemental] [65% incumbents] Investigate cause, progress, life cycle, or mode of transmission of diseases or parasites.
  DWAs: Research diseases or parasites.

[Core] [64% incumbents] Evaluate effects of drugs, gases, pesticides, parasites, and microorganisms at various levels.
  DWAs: Research diseases or parasites.

[Core] [64% incumbents] Prepare and analyze organ, tissue, and cell samples to identify toxicity, bacteria, or microorganisms or to study cell structure.
  DWAs: Analyze biological samples.

[Supplemental] [64% incumbents] Use equipment such as atomic absorption spectrometers, electron microscopes, flow cytometers, or chromatography systems.
  DWAs: Operate laboratory or field equipment.

[Supplemental] [64% incumbents] Confer with health departments, industry personnel, physicians, and others to develop health safety standards and public health improvement programs.
  DWAs: Establish standards for products, processes, or procedures.

[Supplemental] [64% incumbents] Consult with and advise physicians, educators, researchers, and others regarding medical applications of physics, biology, and chemistry.
  DWAs: Advise others on healthcare matters.

--- SKILLS ---
  Writing (imp:4.25 lvl:4.88) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Speaking (imp:4.12 lvl:4.38) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Science (imp:4.12 lvl:5.00) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
  Active Learning (imp:4.12 lvl:5.00) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Reading Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:5.25) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Active Listening (imp:4.00 lvl:4.25) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Critical Thinking (imp:4.00 lvl:4.75) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Mathematics (imp:3.62 lvl:4.12) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Monitoring (imp:3.62 lvl:4.12) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Learning Strategies (imp:3.38 lvl:3.88) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Biology (imp:4.70 lvl:6.35) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  English Language (imp:4.11 lvl:4.96) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:3.67 lvl:4.35) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Chemistry (imp:3.44 lvl:4.58) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Mathematics (imp:3.22 lvl:4.33) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Computers and Electronics (imp:2.98 lvl:4.30) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Education and Training (imp:2.85 lvl:3.72) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Administration and Management (imp:2.84 lvl:3.37) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Administrative (imp:2.12 lvl:2.57) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Physics (imp:2.12 lvl:2.35) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Communications and Media (imp:2.09 lvl:2.49) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Public Safety and Security (imp:2.04 lvl:2.03) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Engineering and Technology (imp:1.97 lvl:1.73) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Transportation (imp:1.89 lvl:1.70) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:1.84 lvl:1.82) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Economics and Accounting (imp:1.74 lvl:1.32) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Psychology (imp:1.73 lvl:1.84) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Law and Government (imp:1.73 lvl:1.53) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:1.66 lvl:1.54) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Telecommunications (imp:1.66 lvl:0.77) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Production and Processing (imp:1.63 lvl:1.13) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.62 lvl:1.44) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:1.59 lvl:1.49) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Design (imp:1.54 lvl:1.12) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Sales and Marketing (imp:1.46 lvl:1.05) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Mechanical (imp:1.36 lvl:0.69) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Geography (imp:1.36 lvl:0.95) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Building and Construction (imp:1.26) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.21) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Fine Arts (imp:1.18) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
  Foreign Language (imp:1.13 lvl:0.53) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  History and Archeology (imp:1.03) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Food Production (imp:1.01) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food

--- ABILITIES ---
  Oral Expression (imp:4.12 lvl:5.12) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Written Expression (imp:4.12 lvl:5.00) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:4.12 lvl:5.25) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Oral Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:5.12) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Written Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:5.12) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:4.00 lvl:4.88) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Information Ordering (imp:4.00 lvl:4.25) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Category Flexibility (imp:4.00 lvl:4.25) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Speech Clarity (imp:4.00 lvl:4.25) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:3.88 lvl:5.00) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Near Vision (imp:3.75 lvl:3.88) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.75 lvl:3.75) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:3.38 lvl:4.00) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:3.25 lvl:4.00) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Originality (imp:3.25 lvl:4.00) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.25 lvl:3.75) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Number Facility (imp:3.12 lvl:3.75) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Selective Attention (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Memorization (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Speed of Closure (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Perceptual Speed (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Time Sharing (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Far Vision (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Finger Dexterity (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Visualization (imp:2.50 lvl:2.88) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:2.50 lvl:2.38) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Manual Dexterity (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Control Precision (imp:2.12 lvl:2.25) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:1.88 lvl:1.75) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Auditory Attention (imp:1.88 lvl:1.75) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Depth Perception (imp:1.75 lvl:1.38) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:1.50 lvl:0.75) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Trunk Strength (imp:1.50 lvl:0.88) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Dynamic Strength (imp:1.25 lvl:0.38) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:1.12 lvl:0.25) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Extent Flexibility (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Spatial Orientation (imp:1.00) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Response Orientation (imp:1.00) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Rate Control (imp:1.00) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Reaction Time (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Static Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Stamina (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:1.00) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:1.00) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Night Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Sound Localization (imp:1.00) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:4.58 lvl:6.14) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:4.47 lvl:5.69) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Thinking Creatively (imp:4.32 lvl:6.39) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Getting Information (imp:4.27 lvl:5.37) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:4.26 lvl:5.26) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Working with Computers (imp:4.25 lvl:4.05) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:4.14 lvl:6.03) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:4.10 lvl:5.37) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:4.07 lvl:4.96) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:4.07 lvl:4.71) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Processing Information (imp:4.06 lvl:5.99) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:4.03 lvl:4.55) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:3.82 lvl:5.29) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:3.69 lvl:4.02) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:3.63 lvl:4.27) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:3.55 lvl:4.08) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:3.48 lvl:3.46) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:3.34 lvl:4.07) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:3.31 lvl:3.33) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:3.27 lvl:4.11) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:3.26 lvl:4.93) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:3.14 lvl:3.02) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:3.13 lvl:4.61) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:2.93 lvl:3.48) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:2.91 lvl:3.05) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:2.80 lvl:3.58) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:2.66 lvl:2.64) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:2.50 lvl:3.00) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:2.36 lvl:2.61) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:2.35) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:2.23 lvl:2.19) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:2.21 lvl:2.49) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:2.13 lvl:1.71) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:2.08 lvl:2.50) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:1.87 lvl:2.22) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:1.87 lvl:1.98) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:1.86 lvl:2.04) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:1.80 lvl:1.30) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:1.79 lvl:1.55) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:1.75 lvl:1.78) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:1.36) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Dependability (imp:8.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Attention to Detail (imp:7.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Integrity (imp:6.00) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Cautiousness (imp:5.00) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:4.00) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Achievement Orientation (imp:3.00) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:3.00) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Attention to Detail (imp:3.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Dependability (imp:2.65) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Cautiousness (imp:2.54) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Innovation (imp:2.36) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Integrity (imp:2.36) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Achievement Orientation (imp:2.24) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Perseverance (imp:2.12) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Perseverance (imp:2.00) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Initiative (imp:1.79) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability (imp:1.79) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Stress Tolerance (imp:1.73) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:1.58) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Self-Control (imp:1.56) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Self-Confidence (imp:1.38) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Leadership Orientation (imp:1.26) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Cooperation (imp:1.26) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Sincerity (imp:1.23) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Innovation (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Social Orientation (imp:0.75) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Humility (imp:0.72) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Optimism (imp:0.64) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Empathy (imp:0.60) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:4.00 lvl:4.25) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:3.88 lvl:4.62) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Systems Analysis (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Instructing (imp:3.25 lvl:4.00) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Systems Evaluation (imp:3.25 lvl:4.12) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Service Orientation (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Time Management (imp:3.12 lvl:3.62) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:3.00 lvl:3.25) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Coordination (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Persuasion (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Negotiation (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Operations Analysis (imp:2.88 lvl:3.62) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:2.88 lvl:3.25) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Operations Monitoring (imp:2.75 lvl:2.62) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:2.25 lvl:2.75) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Programming (imp:2.00 lvl:1.62) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Operation and Control (imp:1.88 lvl:1.12) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Management of Material Resources (imp:1.88 lvl:1.75) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Technology Design (imp:1.75 lvl:0.75) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Troubleshooting (imp:1.75 lvl:0.75) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:1.75 lvl:1.50) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Equipment Selection (imp:1.62 lvl:0.75) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.00) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Repairing (imp:1.00) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 172,340
  annual_median    : $103,410
  annual_pct10     : $64,800
  annual_pct25     : $79,840
  annual_pct75     : $139,380
  annual_pct90     : $177,780
  annual_mean      : $116,840
  hourly_median    : $49.72

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : California ($136,990)
  lowest_state     : Puerto Rico ($49,650)
  dispersion_ratio : 2.759x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (47 total) ---
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:   63,180  median: $ 126,340
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:   58,920  median: $  94,460
  Educational Services                     emp:   28,950  median: $  80,210
  Manufacturing                            emp:    8,270  median: $ 118,960
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:    6,480  median: $ 160,000
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:    2,510  median: $ 132,720
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:    2,360  median: $ 132,620
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:    1,310  median: $ 108,370
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:      200  median: $  99,420

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (9 total) ---
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:   63,180  median: $ 126,340
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:   58,920  median: $  94,460
  Educational Services                     emp:   28,950  median: $  80,210
  Manufacturing                            emp:    8,270  median: $ 118,960
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:    6,480  median: $ 160,000
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:    2,510  median: $ 132,720
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:    2,360  median: $ 132,620
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:    1,310  median: $ 108,370
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:      200  median: $  99,420

exact_match_status : no_exact_match
matched_title      : N/A
match_score        : 0.0000
wikidata_qid       : N/A
word_count         : 0
wikipedia_url      : N/A
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T20:46:01.537705Z

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Disease (similarity: 0.2041)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disease
  QID: Q12136
  Extract: A disease is a particular abnormal condition that adversely affects the structure or function of all or part of an organism and is not immediately due to any external injury. Diseases are often known to be medical conditions that are associated with specific signs and symptoms. A disease may be caus

  Title: 1993 Four Corners hantavirus outbreak (similarity: 0.2025)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993_Four_Corners_hantavirus_outbreak
  QID: Q12052500
  Extract: An outbreak of hantavirus disease occurred in 1993 in the United States, primarily in the Four Corners region of Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico. Before 1993, hantaviruses that cause disease in humans, native to rodents, were known to spread mainly in Asia and Europe and to cause hemorrhagic fever

  Title: Virus (similarity: 0.0851)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus
  QID: Q808
  Extract: A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Viruses are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the most numerous type of b

  Title: COVID-19 pandemic (similarity: 0.2373)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic
  QID: Q81068910
  Extract: The global COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), began with an outbreak in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. It spread to other parts of Asia and then worldwide in early 2020. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak a public health

  Title: List of Christians in science and technology (similarity: 0.3953)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Christians_in_science_and_technology
  QID: Q5255591
  Extract: 
This is a list of Christians in science and technology. People in this list should have their Christianity as relevant to their notable activities or public life, and who have publicly identified themselves as Christians or as of a Christian denomination.

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : High confidence based on comprehensive O*NET data with detailed task descriptions, clear skill requirements, and robust wage data from BLS. Role is well-defined with specific educational and knowledge requirements.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T15:33:59.234805+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,405
tokens_output        : 3,939
cost_usd             : $0.042538
wikipedia_used       : False
wikipedia_title      : None
wikipedia_note       : No exact Wikipedia match found for Medical Scientists as a profession. The semantic neighbors focus on disease concepts and epidemiology rather than the research profession itself.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Medical Scientists conduct research to understand human diseases and improve health outcomes through clinical investigation and research development. They design and execute studies investigating disease mechanisms, preventive methods, and treatments while following strict safety protocols. These professionals publish findings in scientific journals and often teach medical principles to healthcare professionals and students.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
Medical Scientists spend their days designing and conducting research studies on human or animal diseases, analyzing complex biological data to identify disease mechanisms and treatment approaches. They follow rigorous safety procedures when handling toxic materials and pathogens in laboratory environments. Much of their time involves writing research proposals and grant applications to secure funding, as well as documenting findings in scientific publications. They frequently collaborate with physicians, residents, and other researchers, communicating complex scientific concepts and teaching medical principles. Administrative tasks include organizing and prioritizing multiple research projects while ensuring compliance with regulatory standards.

WHO THRIVES:
Individuals who excel as Medical Scientists possess exceptional intellectual curiosity combined with meticulous attention to detail, as evidenced by the high importance ratings for these work styles. They demonstrate strong inductive and deductive reasoning abilities, allowing them to form hypotheses and draw conclusions from complex biological data. The role attracts those with investigative personalities who enjoy systematic inquiry and theoretical work, balanced with realistic problem-solving approaches. Successful candidates exhibit high dependability and integrity, essential when conducting research that impacts human health and safety.

CAREER ENTRY:
Entry into Medical Science requires extensive preparation, typically involving a doctoral degree (35.9% of practitioners) or post-doctoral training (24.7%). Most positions require deep knowledge in biology, chemistry, and medicine gained through advanced academic study and research experience. Some roles may be accessible with a master's degree (24.6%), particularly in applied research settings or when combined with relevant laboratory experience.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Medical Scientists can advance to leadership roles directing research programs, medical science departments, or clinical research organizations. Many transition into specialized areas such as clinical pharmacology, genetics, or molecular biology, or move into pharmaceutical industry leadership. Academic career paths lead to professorships with combined research and teaching responsibilities, while industry trajectories may progress to chief scientific officer or research director positions.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
Medical Scientists earn a median annual salary of $103,410 according to BLS OEWS May 2025 data, with the field employing 172,340 professionals nationwide. Compensation ranges from $64,800 to $177,780 across experience levels, with significant geographic variation from California's $136,990 average to Puerto Rico's $49,650. The largest employment sectors are Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services (63,180 employed) and Health Care and Social Assistance (58,920 employed), reflecting strong demand across both private research organizations and healthcare institutions. Geographic concentration in high-cost, research-intensive areas drives the 2.76x wage differential between highest and lowest paying regions.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
Medical Scientists face moderate automation risk in data analysis and routine laboratory procedures, but their roles emphasizing creative thinking, complex problem-solving, and research design remain largely protected. The high importance of thinking creatively (4.3 importance, 6.4 level) and making decisions combined with the need for scientific judgment in study design suggests strong job security through 2035.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [skill_overlap] Epidemiologists (19-1041.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles share high-level science skills (4.1 importance, 5.0 level) and work with disease investigation and public health research.
    data: Science skill overlap
    data: Disease research tasks
    data: Related occupation designation
  [knowledge_overlap] Biochemists and Biophysicists (19-1021.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both require extensive biology knowledge (Medical Scientists: 4.7 importance, 6.3 level) and chemistry knowledge for molecular research.
    data: Biology knowledge requirement
    data: Chemistry knowledge
    data: Research methodology overlap
  [task_similarity] Physicians, Pathologists (29-1222.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both investigate disease causes and progression, with Medical Scientists researching disease mechanisms that pathologists apply clinically.
    data: Disease investigation tasks
    data: Medical knowledge application
    data: Clinical research overlap
  [riasec_cluster] Microbiologists (19-1022.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both are investigative-primary roles focused on biological research with strong realistic components for laboratory work.
    data: Investigative RIASEC profile
    data: Laboratory research environment
    data: Biological systems focus
  [career_pathway] Biological Science Teachers, Postsecondary (25-1042.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Medical Scientists often teach principles of medicine and laboratory procedures, with many transitioning to academic positions requiring similar knowledge base.
    data: Teaching tasks in role description
    data: Education and Training knowledge
    data: Academic career progression

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['medical scientist', 'clinical researcher', 'biomedical research', 'disease research', 'clinical investigation', 'medical research', 'biomedical scientist', 'translational research']
  exclude_keywords : ['epidemiologist', 'physician', 'clinical trial coordinator', 'laboratory technician', 'research assistant']
  title_patterns   : ['Medical Scientist', 'Clinical Research Scientist', 'Biomedical Researcher', 'Clinical Scientist', 'Research Scientist']
  common_variations: ['clinical researcher', 'medical researcher', 'biomedical scientist', 'clinical research scientist', 'translational researcher', 'disease researcher', 'clinical investigator', 'biomedical research scientist']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['others', 'tendency', 'research', 'equipment', 'principles', 'medical', 'procedures', 'health', 'standards', 'materials', 'human', 'includes', 'control', 'objects', 'disease', 'ideas', 'scientific', 'techniques', 'activities', 'body']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
others                     42  0.01509  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:90%  onet_tasks:5%  dwas:5%
tendency                   42  0.01509  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
research                   25  0.00898  inference            inference:64%  dwas:24%  onet_tasks:8%
equipment                  25  0.00898  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:92%  onet_tasks:4%  dwas:4%
principles                 19  0.00683  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:84%  inference:11%  onet_tasks:5%
medical                    18  0.00647  inference            inference:61%  onet_tasks:17%  dwas:11%
procedures                 16  0.00575  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:50%  onet_tasks:25%  dwas:12%
health                     14  0.00503  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:29%  wikipedia:29%  inference:21%
standards                  13  0.00467  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:62%  dwas:23%  onet_tasks:8%
materials                  12  0.00431  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:83%  onet_tasks:8%  inference:8%
human                      12  0.00431  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:58%  inference:25%  onet_tasks:17%
includes                   12  0.00431  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
control                    12  0.00431  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
objects                    12  0.00431  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
disease                    11  0.00395  wikipedia            wikipedia:55%  inference:27%  onet_tasks:18%
ideas                      11  0.00395  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
scientific                 10  0.00359  inference            inference:60%  onet_tasks:20%  onet_dimensions:10%
techniques                 10  0.00359  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
activities                 10  0.00359  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:90%  wikipedia:10%
body                       10  0.00359  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
public                      9  0.00323  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:44%  wikipedia:33%  onet_tasks:22%
needs                       9  0.00323  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  dwas:11%
problems                    9  0.00323  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
problem                     9  0.00323  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:78%  inference:22%
design                      9  0.00323  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  inference:33%
resources                   9  0.00323  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
physical                    9  0.00323  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  dwas:33%
quickly                     9  0.00323  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
orientation                 9  0.00323  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
applications                8  0.00287  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:50%  onet_tasks:25%  dwas:12%
diseases                    8  0.00287  dwas                 dwas:25%  wikipedia:25%  inference:25%
rules                       8  0.00287  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
understand                  8  0.00287  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:88%  inference:12%
monitoring                  8  0.00287  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
production                  8  0.00287  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
events                      8  0.00287  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
actions                     8  0.00287  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
performing                  8  0.00287  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
developing                  8  0.00287  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
identifying                 8  0.00287  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%