[Core] [23% incumbents] Identify or develop strategies or methods to minimize the environmental impact of industrial production processes.
  DWAs: Identify sustainable business practices. | Develop sustainable industrial or development methods.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Conduct environmental sustainability assessments, using material flow analysis (MFA) or substance flow analysis (SFA) techniques.
  DWAs: Research impacts of environmental conservation initiatives.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Review research literature to maintain knowledge on topics related to industrial ecology, such as physical science, technology, economy, and public policy.
  DWAs: Review professional literature to maintain professional knowledge.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Redesign linear, or open-loop, systems into cyclical, or closed-loop, systems so that waste products become inputs for new processes, modeling natural ecosystems.
  DWAs: Develop sustainable industrial or development methods.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Prepare technical and research reports, such as environmental impact reports, and communicate the results to individuals in industry, government, or the general public.
  DWAs: Prepare research or technical reports on environmental issues. | Communicate results of environmental research.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Examine local, regional, or global use and flow of materials or energy in industrial production processes.
  DWAs: Research energy production, use, or conservation. | Monitor industrial energy consumption or management.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Monitor the environmental impact of development activities, pollution, or land degradation.
  DWAs: Monitor environmental impacts of production or development activities.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Build and maintain databases of information about energy alternatives, pollutants, natural environments, industrial processes, and other information related to ecological change.
  DWAs: Develop technical or scientific databases.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Perform analyses to determine how human behavior can affect, and be affected by, changes in the environment.
  DWAs: Research environmental impact of industrial or development activities.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Recommend methods to protect the environment or minimize environmental damage from industrial production practices.
  DWAs: Advise others about environmental management or conservation.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Translate the theories of industrial ecology into eco-industrial practices.
  DWAs: Apply knowledge or research findings to address environmental problems.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Develop alternative energy investment scenarios to compare economic and environmental costs and benefits.
  DWAs: Develop environmental sustainability plans or projects.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Carry out environmental assessments in accordance with applicable standards, regulations, or laws.
  DWAs: Research impacts of environmental conservation initiatives.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Examine societal issues and their relationship with both technical systems and the environment.
  DWAs: Conduct research on social issues.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Plan or conduct field research on topics such as industrial production, industrial ecology, population ecology, and environmental production or sustainability.
  DWAs: Plan environmental research.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Create complex and dynamic mathematical models of population, community, or ecological systems.
  DWAs: Develop mathematical models of environmental conditions.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Evaluate the effectiveness of industrial ecology programs, using statistical analysis and applications.
  DWAs: Research environmental impact of industrial or development activities.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Forecast future status or condition of ecosystems, based on changing industrial practices or environmental conditions.
  DWAs: Develop mathematical models of environmental conditions.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Review industrial practices, such as the methods and materials used in construction or production, to identify potential liabilities and environmental hazards.
  DWAs: Research industrial processes or operations. | Research environmental impact of industrial or development activities.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Apply new or existing research about natural ecosystems to understand economic and industrial systems in the context of the environment.
  DWAs: Apply knowledge or research findings to address environmental problems.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Prepare plans to manage renewable resources.
  DWAs: Develop plans to manage natural or renewable resources.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Identify or compare the component parts or relationships between the parts of industrial, social, and natural systems.
  DWAs: Research environmental impact of industrial or development activities.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Plan or conduct studies of the ecological implications of historic or projected changes in industrial processes or development.
  DWAs: Appraise environmental impact of regulations or policies. | Plan environmental research.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Research sources of pollution to determine environmental impact or to develop methods of pollution abatement or control.
  DWAs: Research environmental impact of industrial or development activities.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Perform environmentally extended input-output (EE I-O) analyses.
  DWAs: Analyze environmental data.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Promote use of environmental management systems (EMS) to reduce waste or to improve environmentally sound use of natural resources.
  DWAs: Promote environmental sustainability or conservation initiatives.

[Core] [23% incumbents] Investigate the impact of changed land management or land use practices on ecosystems.
  DWAs: Appraise environmental impact of regulations or policies.

[Supplemental] [23% incumbents] Develop or test protocols to monitor ecosystem components and ecological processes.
  DWAs: Develop environmental sustainability plans or projects.

[Supplemental] [23% incumbents] Research environmental effects of land and water use to determine methods of improving environmental conditions or increasing outputs, such as crop yields.
  DWAs: Research environmental impact of industrial or development activities.

[Supplemental] [23% incumbents] Provide industrial managers with technical materials on environmental issues, regulatory guidelines, or compliance actions.
  DWAs: Prepare information or documentation related to legal or regulatory matters.

[Supplemental] [23% incumbents] Conduct applied research on the effects of industrial processes on the protection, restoration, inventory, monitoring, or reintroduction of species to the natural environment.
  DWAs: Research environmental impact of industrial or development activities.

[Supplemental] [23% incumbents] Conduct scientific protection, mitigation, or restoration projects to prevent resource damage, maintain the integrity of critical habitats, and minimize the impact of human activities.
  DWAs: Plan natural resources conservation or restoration programs.

[Supplemental] [23% incumbents] Investigate accidents affecting the environment to assess ecological impact.
  DWAs: Research environmental impact of industrial or development activities.

[Supplemental] [23% incumbents] Conduct analyses to determine the maximum amount of work that can be accomplished for a given amount of energy in a system, such as industrial production systems and waste treatment systems.
  DWAs: Analyze project data to determine specifications or requirements. | Evaluate energy production data.

[Supplemental] [23% incumbents] Investigate the adaptability of various animal and plant species to changed environmental conditions.
  DWAs: Conduct research of processes in natural or industrial ecosystems.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Identify environmental impacts caused by products, systems, or projects.
  DWAs: Research environmental impact of industrial or development activities.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Analyze changes designed to improve the environmental performance of complex systems and avoid unintended negative consequences.
  DWAs: Research environmental impact of industrial or development activities.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Identify sustainable alternatives to industrial or waste-management practices.
  DWAs: Identify sustainable business practices.

[EMERGING:New] Conduct life cycle assessments of products.

--- SKILLS ---
  Reading Comprehension (imp:4.12 lvl:4.75) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Active Listening (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Writing (imp:4.00 lvl:4.62) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Speaking (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Critical Thinking (imp:3.88 lvl:4.25) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Science (imp:3.62 lvl:4.12) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
  Active Learning (imp:3.62 lvl:4.00) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Mathematics (imp:3.38 lvl:4.00) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Monitoring (imp:3.12 lvl:3.88) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Learning Strategies (imp:3.00 lvl:3.50) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Mathematics (imp:4.26 lvl:5.48) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Engineering and Technology (imp:4.04 lvl:5.09) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Chemistry (imp:3.52 lvl:4.61) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Computers and Electronics (imp:3.36 lvl:4.65) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Physics (imp:3.26 lvl:4.26) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  English Language (imp:3.23 lvl:4.30) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Production and Processing (imp:3.22 lvl:3.87) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Design (imp:3.17 lvl:4.17) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Biology (imp:3.13 lvl:4.26) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Geography (imp:2.91 lvl:4.13) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Law and Government (imp:2.91 lvl:3.43) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Administration and Management (imp:2.83 lvl:3.78) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Education and Training (imp:2.83 lvl:3.87) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Transportation (imp:2.70 lvl:2.95) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Communications and Media (imp:2.67 lvl:2.91) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Building and Construction (imp:2.43 lvl:2.70) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Economics and Accounting (imp:2.35 lvl:2.78) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Food Production (imp:2.26 lvl:2.13) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
  Mechanical (imp:2.26 lvl:2.43) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:2.14 lvl:2.96) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Psychology (imp:2.13 lvl:2.48) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Administrative (imp:2.09 lvl:3.05) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:2.09 lvl:2.48) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Sales and Marketing (imp:1.96 lvl:2.22) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Telecommunications (imp:1.96 lvl:1.39) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Public Safety and Security (imp:1.87 lvl:1.70) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:1.78 lvl:1.83) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Foreign Language (imp:1.52 lvl:1.13) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  History and Archeology (imp:1.48 lvl:1.52) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.39 lvl:1.17) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:1.26 lvl:0.61) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Fine Arts (imp:1.22 lvl:0.48) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.04 lvl:0.13) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r

--- ABILITIES ---
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:4.12 lvl:4.75) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:4.12 lvl:4.62) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Written Expression (imp:4.00 lvl:4.88) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Oral Expression (imp:3.88 lvl:4.75) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:3.88 lvl:4.62) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Oral Comprehension (imp:3.75 lvl:4.88) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Written Comprehension (imp:3.75 lvl:4.88) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Information Ordering (imp:3.75 lvl:3.88) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Near Vision (imp:3.75 lvl:3.75) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.75 lvl:3.38) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:3.62 lvl:3.88) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.62 lvl:3.75) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.50 lvl:3.88) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:3.38 lvl:4.00) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Originality (imp:3.38 lvl:4.00) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.25 lvl:3.75) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Number Facility (imp:3.00 lvl:3.75) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Far Vision (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Perceptual Speed (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Selective Attention (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.75 lvl:3.00) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Visualization (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Memorization (imp:2.38 lvl:2.62) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Time Sharing (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Trunk Strength (imp:2.00 lvl:1.25) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.00 lvl:1.62) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.00 lvl:1.50) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:1.88 lvl:1.75) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Depth Perception (imp:1.88 lvl:1.25) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:1.75 lvl:1.25) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Spatial Orientation (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:1.00) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Manual Dexterity (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Finger Dexterity (imp:1.00) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Control Precision (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:1.00) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Response Orientation (imp:1.00) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Rate Control (imp:1.00) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Reaction Time (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Static Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Dynamic Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Stamina (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Extent Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:1.00) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:1.00) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Night Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Sound Localization (imp:1.00) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Getting Information (imp:4.70 lvl:5.78) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:4.65 lvl:6.04) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Working with Computers (imp:4.55 lvl:4.61) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Processing Information (imp:4.39 lvl:5.74) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:4.35 lvl:5.13) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:4.09 lvl:4.86) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:4.04 lvl:5.52) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Thinking Creatively (imp:3.87 lvl:5.39) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:3.83 lvl:4.65) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:3.74 lvl:4.87) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:3.65 lvl:5.17) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:3.65 lvl:5.30) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:3.59 lvl:4.43) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:3.57 lvl:5.00) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:3.39 lvl:3.91) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:3.39 lvl:4.57) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:3.26 lvl:4.09) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:3.26 lvl:3.83) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:3.22 lvl:4.30) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.09 lvl:4.09) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:3.04 lvl:3.61) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:3.00 lvl:4.22) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:2.74 lvl:3.61) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:2.74 lvl:3.61) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:2.74 lvl:3.57) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:2.74 lvl:3.65) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:2.65 lvl:3.17) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:2.65 lvl:3.74) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:2.52 lvl:3.04) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:2.48 lvl:3.04) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:2.43 lvl:3.39) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:2.17 lvl:2.30) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:2.04 lvl:2.22) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:1.87 lvl:1.78) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:1.61 lvl:1.26) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:1.57 lvl:1.04) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:1.52 lvl:0.96) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:1.48 lvl:0.91) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:1.39 lvl:1.00) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:1.39 lvl:0.74) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:1.35 lvl:0.74) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:3.75 lvl:4.62) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Systems Analysis (imp:3.75 lvl:4.12) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Systems Evaluation (imp:3.38 lvl:3.88) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Coordination (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Persuasion (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Instructing (imp:3.00 lvl:3.62) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Time Management (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Service Orientation (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Negotiation (imp:2.62 lvl:2.62) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Operations Analysis (imp:2.38 lvl:2.88) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:2.12 lvl:1.88) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Management of Material Resources (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Programming (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Technology Design (imp:1.88 lvl:1.62) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Operations Monitoring (imp:1.88 lvl:1.12) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Installation (imp:1.12 lvl:0.25) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Equipment Selection (imp:1.00) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Operation and Control (imp:1.00) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.00) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Troubleshooting (imp:1.00) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Repairing (imp:1.00) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 89,250
  annual_median    : $82,220
  annual_pct10     : $52,520
  annual_pct25     : $64,490
  annual_pct75     : $107,970
  annual_pct90     : $140,010
  annual_mean      : $91,680
  hourly_median    : $39.53

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : District of Columbia ($132,620)
  lowest_state     : Puerto Rico ($53,030)
  dispersion_ratio : 2.501x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (54 total) ---
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:   42,200  median: $  83,090
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:   34,500  median: $  79,880
  Educational Services                     emp:    2,900  median: $  76,200
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:    2,350  median: $  74,800
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:    1,950  median: $  76,790
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:    1,410  median: $ 110,020
  Utilities                                emp:    1,160  median: $ 115,170
  Manufacturing                            emp:    1,110  median: $ 120,930
  Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction emp:      600  median: $ 103,070
  Transportation and Warehousing           emp:      210  median: $ 122,660

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (15 total) ---
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:   42,200  median: $  83,090
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:   34,500  median: $  79,880
  Educational Services                     emp:    2,900  median: $  76,200
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:    2,350  median: $  74,800
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:    1,950  median: $  76,790
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:    1,410  median: $ 110,020
  Utilities                                emp:    1,160  median: $ 115,170
  Manufacturing                            emp:    1,110  median: $ 120,930
  Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction emp:      600  median: $ 103,070
  Transportation and Warehousing           emp:      210  median: $ 122,660

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Industrial ecology
match_score        : 0.8718
wikidata_qid       : Q2323664
word_count         : 1,372
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_ecology
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T20:48:21.129698Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
Industrial ecology (IE) is the study of material and energy flows through industrial systems.  The global industrial economy can be modelled as a network of industrial processes that extract resources from the Earth and transform those resources into by-products, products and services which can be bought and sold to meet the needs of humanity.  Industrial ecology seeks to quantify the material flows and document the industrial processes that make modern society function.  Industrial ecologists are often concerned with the impacts that industrial activities have on the environment, with use of the planet's supply of natural resources, and with problems of waste disposal.  Industrial ecology is a young but growing multidisciplinary field of research which combines aspects of engineering, economics, sociology, toxicology and the natural sciences.
Industrial ecology has been defined as a "systems-based, multidisciplinary discourse that seeks to understand emergent behavior of complex integrated human/natural systems". The field approaches issues of sustainability by examining problems from multiple perspectives, usually involving aspects of sociology, the environment, economy and technology.  The name comes from the idea that the analogy of natural systems should be used as an aid in understanding how to design sustainable industrial systems.


== Overview ==

Industrial ecology is concerned with the shifting of industrial process from linear (open loop) systems, in which resource and capital investments move through the system to become waste, to a closed loop system where wastes can become inputs for new processes.
Much of the research focuses on the following areas:

material and energy flow studies ("industrial metabolism")
dematerialization and decarbonization
technological change and the environment
life-cycle planning, design and assessment
design for the environment ("eco-design")
 extended producer responsibility ("product stewardship")
 eco-industrial parks ("industrial symbiosis") 
product-oriented environmental policy
eco-efficiency
Industrial ecology seeks to understand the way in which industrial systems (for example a factory, an ecoregion, or national or global economy) interact with the biosphere.  Natural ecosystems provide a metaphor for understanding how different parts of industrial systems interact with one another, in an "ecosystem" based on resources and infrastructural capital rather than on natural capital. It seeks to exploit the idea that natural systems do not have waste in them to inspire sustainable design.
Along with more general energy conservation and material conservation goals, and redefining related international trade markets and product stewardship relations strictly as a service economy, industrial ecology is one of the four objectives of Natural Capitalism.  This strategy discourages forms of amoral purchasing arising from ignorance of what goes on at a distance and implies a political economy that values natural capital highly and relies on more instructional capital to design and maintain each unique industrial ecology.


== History ==

Industrial ecology was popularized in 1989 in a Scientific American article by Robert Frosch and Nicholas E. Gallopoulos.  Frosch and Gallopoulos' vision was "why would not our industrial system behave like an ecosystem, where the wastes of a species may be resource to another species? Why would not the outputs of an industry be the inputs of another, thus reducing use of raw materials, pollution, and saving on waste treatment?" A notable example resides in a Danish industrial park in the city of Kalundborg.  Here several linkages of byproducts and waste heat can be found between numerous entities such as a large power plant, an oil refinery, a pharmaceutical plant, a plasterboard factory, an enzyme manufacturer, a waste company and the city itself. Another example is the Rantasalmi EIP in Rantasalmi, Finland. While this country has had previous organically formed EIP's, the park at Rantasalmi is Finland's first planned EIP.
The scientific field of industrial ecology has grown quickly. The Journal of Industrial Ecology (since 1997), the International Society for Industrial Ecology (since 2001), and the journal Progress in Industrial Ecology (since 2004) give Industrial Ecology a strong and dynamic position in the international scientific community.  Industrial ecology principles are also emerging in various policy realms such as the idea of the circular economy. Although the definition of the circular economy has yet to be formalized, generally the focus is on strategies such as creating a circular flow of materials, and cascading energy flows. An example of this would be using waste heat from one process to run another process that requires a lower temperature. The hope is that strategies such as this will create a more efficient economy with fewer pollutants and other unwanted by-products.


== Examples ==
The Kalundborg industrial park is located in Denmark. This industrial park is special because companies reuse each other's waste (which then becomes by-products). For example, the Energy E2 Asnæs Power Station produces gypsum as a by-product of the electricity generation process; this gypsum becomes a resource for the BPB Gyproc A/S which produces plasterboards. This is one example of a system inspired by the biosphere-technosphere metaphor: in ecosystems, the waste from one organism is used as inputs to other organisms; in industrial systems, waste from a company is used as a resource by others.
Apart from the direct benefit of incorporating waste into the loop, the use of an eco-industrial park can be a means of making renewable energy generating plants, like Solar PV, more economical and environmentally friendly. In essence, this assists the growth of the renewable energy industry and the environmental benefits that come with replacing fossil-fuels.
Additional examples of industrial ecology include:

Substituting the fly ash byproduct of coal burning practices for cement in concrete production
Using second generation biofuels. An example of this is converting grease or cooking oil to biodiesels to fuel vehicles.
South Africa's National Cleaner Production Center (NCPC) was created in order to make the region's industries more efficient in terms of materials. Results of the use of sustainable methods will include lowered energy costs and improved waste management. The program assesses existing companies to implement change.
Onsite non-potable water reuse
Biodegradable plastic created from polymerized chicken feathers, which are 90% keratin and account for over 6 million tons of waste in the EU and US annually. As agricultural waste, the chicken feathers are recycled into disposable plastic products which are then easily biodegraded into soil.
Toyota Motor Company channels a portion of the greenhouse gases emitted back into their system as recovered thermal energy.
Anheuser-Busch signed a memorandum of understanding with biochemical company Blue Marble to use brewing wastes as the basis for its "green" products.
Enhanced oil recovery at Petra Nova.
Reusing cork from wine bottles for use in shoe soles, flooring tiles, building insulation, automotive gaskets, craft materials, and soil conditioner.
Darling Quarter Commonwealth Bank Place North building in Sydney, Australia recycles and reuses its wastewater.
Plant based plastic packaging that is 100% recyclable and environmentally friendly.
Food waste can be used for compost, which can be used as a natural fertilizer for future food production. Additionally, food waste that has not been contaminated can be used to feed those experiencing food insecurity.
Hellisheiði geothermal power station uses ground water to produce electricity and hot water for the city of Reykjavik. Their carbon byproducts are then injected back into the Earth and calcified, leaving the station with a net zero carbon emission.


== Future directions ==
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--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Deep ecology (similarity: 0.4848)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_ecology
  QID: Q216279
  Extract: Deep ecology is an environmental philosophy that promotes the inherent worth of all living beings regardless of their instrumental utility to human needs, and argues that modern human societies should be restructured in accordance with such ideas.

  Title: International Input–Output Association (similarity: 0.3390)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Input%E2%80%93Output_Association
  QID: Q6051072
  Extract: The International Input–Output Association (IIOA) is a scientific, nonprofit, membership organization to facilitate development of input–output analysis in economics and interdisciplinary areas of inquiry.

  Title: Shinichiro Nakamura (economist) (similarity: 0.5000)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinichiro_Nakamura_(economist)
  QID: Q88771259
  Extract: Shinichiro Nakamura  is a Japanese economist and industrial ecologist, and Professor Emeritus at Waseda University. He is known for his contributions to industrial ecology, particularly for developing the Waste input-output analysis (WIO), an extension of Input–output analysis that incorporates phys

  Title: Ecology (similarity: 0.4286)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecology
  QID: Q7150
  Extract: Ecology is the natural science of the relationships among living organisms and their environment. Ecology considers organisms at the individual, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere levels. Ecology overlaps with the closely related sciences of biogeography, evolutionary biology, genetics,

  Title: Ecologist Group (similarity: 0.5000)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecologist_Group
  QID: Q3117954
  Extract: The Ecologist Group, officially the Social and Ecologist Group since 2024, is a French parliamentary group in the National Assembly. The first iteration of the group was existed between June 2012 and May 2016 during the 14th legislature of the French Fifth Republic. After disbanding following the 20

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong confidence based on detailed O*NET data, exact Wikipedia match, comprehensive wage data from BLS OEWS May 2025, and clear distinction from related environmental occupations through specific industrial systems focus.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T15:43:23.254803+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,507
tokens_output        : 4,418
cost_usd             : $0.049867
wikipedia_used       : True
wikipedia_title      : Industrial ecology
wikipedia_note       : The Wikipedia entry confirms Industrial Ecology as the study of material and energy flows through industrial systems, aligning precisely with the O*NET occupation definition and core work activities. This validates the occupation's focus on quantifying material flows and modeling industrial economies as networks of resource transformation processes.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Industrial Ecologists apply principles of natural ecosystems to design efficient industrial systems that maximize resource utilization and minimize environmental impact. They conduct material flow analyses, life cycle assessments, and sustainability evaluations to transform linear industrial processes into closed-loop systems. These professionals bridge environmental science and industrial engineering to develop strategies that reduce waste and optimize resource flows in manufacturing and production.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
Industrial Ecologists spend their days analyzing material and energy flows through industrial systems using specialized software like ESRI ArcGIS and conducting environmental sustainability assessments through material flow analysis (MFA) and substance flow analysis (SFA). They redesign linear production systems into cyclical closed-loop systems where waste products become inputs for new processes. Much of their time involves working with computers to build and maintain databases of energy alternatives and pollutants, preparing technical reports on environmental impacts, and communicating findings to stakeholders. They regularly review scientific literature to stay current on physical science, technology, and environmental developments that affect industrial ecology practices.

WHO THRIVES:
Successful Industrial Ecologists possess strong investigative personalities with high analytical reasoning abilities, requiring both deductive reasoning (importance 4.1, level 4.8) and inductive reasoning (importance 4.1, level 4.6) to solve complex environmental-industrial problems. They excel at written and oral expression (both importance 4.0+, level 4.8+) to communicate technical findings to diverse audiences including engineers, policymakers, and business leaders. These professionals thrive on getting information (importance 4.7, level 5.8) and analyzing data (importance 4.7, level 6.0), requiring strong mathematical foundations (importance 4.3, level 5.5) and engineering knowledge (importance 4.0, level 5.1). The role demands creative thinking (importance 3.9, level 5.4) to develop innovative solutions that balance industrial efficiency with environmental sustainability.

CAREER ENTRY:
Entry into Industrial Ecology typically requires a Master's degree (65.2% of practitioners) in environmental science, engineering, chemistry, or related scientific fields, with strong foundations in mathematics, engineering technology, and chemistry. A Bachelor's degree (21.7%) may suffice for some entry-level positions, particularly when combined with relevant experience in environmental consulting or industrial processes. The Job Zone 5 classification indicates extensive preparation is needed, often including coursework in systems analysis, environmental impact assessment, and industrial processes.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Industrial Ecologists can advance into senior consulting roles, environmental management positions, or specialized areas like life cycle assessment analysis and eco-industrial development consulting. Career progression often leads to positions as Environmental Protection Specialists, senior roles in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services firms, or leadership positions in government environmental agencies. With 8.7% holding Doctoral degrees, research and academic career paths are also common, particularly in developing new methodologies for industrial sustainability assessment.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
According to BLS OEWS May 2025, Industrial Ecologists earn a median annual wage of $82,220 with employment of 89,250 professionals nationwide, showing strong demand for environmental expertise in industrial settings. Wages range from $52,520 (10th percentile) to $140,010 (90th percentile), with significant geographic variation from $53,030 in Puerto Rico to $132,620 in District of Columbia (2.50x ratio). The largest employers are government agencies (42,200 employed) and Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services (34,500 employed), reflecting the growing emphasis on environmental compliance and sustainability consulting. The field shows growth potential as industries increasingly adopt circular economy principles and face stricter environmental regulations.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
Industrial Ecologists face moderate automation risk as their core activities of analyzing data (importance 4.7, level 6.0) and working with computers (importance 4.5, level 4.6) may be partially automated through advanced analytics and AI tools. However, their emphasis on thinking creatively (importance 3.9, level 5.4), interpreting information for others (importance 4.1, level 4.9), and complex problem solving (importance 3.8, level 4.0) provides protection against full automation, as these tasks require human judgment and stakeholder interaction.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [riasec_cluster] Environmental Scientists and Specialists, Including Health (19-2041.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles share dominant Investigative RIASEC profiles (Industrial Ecologists I:7.00) with strong analytical and research orientations in environmental sciences.
    data: RIASEC I:7.00
    data: shared environmental focus
    data: O*NET Primary-Short relationship
  [knowledge_overlap] Environmental Engineers (17-2081.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Significant overlap in Engineering and Technology knowledge (importance 4.0, level 5.1) and focus on redesigning industrial systems for environmental efficiency.
    data: Engineering and Technology knowledge imp:4.0 lvl:5.1
    data: industrial system design tasks
    data: O*NET Primary-Long relationship
  [task_similarity] Environmental Restoration Planners (19-2041.02) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles conduct environmental impact assessments and monitor environmental impacts of industrial activities with similar analytical approaches.
    data: environmental impact monitoring tasks
    data: analytical data work
    data: O*NET Primary-Short relationship
  [skill_overlap] Conservation Scientists (19-1031.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Strong overlap in Science skills (importance 3.6, level 4.1) and research methodologies for environmental resource management.
    data: Science skill imp:3.6 lvl:4.1
    data: research literature review tasks
    data: O*NET Primary-Short relationship
  [wage_band] Climate Change Policy Analysts (19-2041.01) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both roles likely fall within similar wage ranges given shared Job Zone 5 requirements and specialized environmental expertise in scientific analysis.
    data: Job Zone 5 classification
    data: median wage $82,220
    data: O*NET Primary-Long relationship
  [transferable_skill] Hydrologists (19-2043.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Shared emphasis on Systems Analysis (importance 3.8, level 4.1) and complex environmental data interpretation for resource management.
    data: Systems Analysis skill imp:3.8 lvl:4.1
    data: environmental data analysis
    data: O*NET Primary-Long relationship

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['industrial ecology', 'material flow analysis', 'life cycle assessment', 'industrial symbiosis', 'circular economy', 'eco-industrial', 'sustainable manufacturing', 'industrial metabolism']
  exclude_keywords : ['marine biology', 'wildlife conservation', 'forestry', 'agricultural ecology', 'clinical ecology']
  title_patterns   : ['Industrial Ecologist', 'Eco-Industrial Consultant', 'Life Cycle Assessment Analyst', 'Sustainability Systems Analyst', 'Industrial Symbiosis Specialist']
  common_variations: ['industrial ecology specialist', 'eco-industrial systems designer', 'material flow analyst', 'industrial sustainability consultant', 'circular economy analyst', 'industrial environmental scientist', 'eco-efficiency consultant', 'industrial metabolism researcher']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['industrial', 'environmental', 'ecology', 'research', 'others', 'activities', 'waste', 'production', 'equipment', 'impact', 'natural', 'energy', 'principles', 'materials', 'development', 'resources', 'analysis', 'products', 'environment', 'problems']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
industrial                 96  0.02817  wikipedia            wikipedia:42%  inference:23%  onet_tasks:20%
environmental              65  0.01907  dwas                 dwas:43%  onet_tasks:28%  inference:25%
ecology                    36  0.01056  wikipedia            wikipedia:78%  onet_tasks:14%  inference:8%
research                   33  0.00968  dwas                 dwas:67%  onet_tasks:21%  wikipedia:6%
others                     32  0.00939  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:88%  wikipedia:6%  dwas:3%
activities                 25  0.00734  dwas                 dwas:44%  onet_dimensions:36%  onet_tasks:8%
waste                      24  0.00704  wikipedia            wikipedia:75%  onet_tasks:17%  inference:8%
production                 23  0.00675  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:35%  onet_tasks:30%  dwas:13%
equipment                  23  0.00675  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
impact                     22  0.00645  dwas                 dwas:55%  onet_tasks:32%  inference:9%
natural                    22  0.00645  wikipedia            wikipedia:55%  onet_tasks:27%  dwas:14%
energy                     20  0.00587  wikipedia            wikipedia:50%  onet_tasks:20%  dwas:15%
principles                 19  0.00558  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:84%  inference:11%  wikipedia:5%
materials                  17  0.00499  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:59%  wikipedia:24%  onet_tasks:18%
development                17  0.00499  dwas                 dwas:76%  onet_tasks:12%  wikipedia:6%
resources                  17  0.00499  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:53%  wikipedia:24%  onet_tasks:12%
analysis                   15  0.00440  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:27%  wikipedia:27%  inference:27%
products                   15  0.00440  wikipedia            wikipedia:40%  onet_dimensions:33%  onet_tasks:20%
environment                15  0.00440  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:40%  wikipedia:33%  onet_dimensions:27%
problems                   15  0.00440  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:60%  wikipedia:20%  dwas:13%
management                 14  0.00411  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:50%  onet_tasks:21%  dwas:14%
importance                 14  0.00411  inference            inference:93%  onet_dimensions:7%
material                   13  0.00381  inference            inference:38%  wikipedia:31%  onet_dimensions:23%
human                      13  0.00381  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:54%  wikipedia:23%  onet_tasks:15%
design                     13  0.00381  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:46%  wikipedia:46%  inference:8%
sustainability             12  0.00352  inference            inference:42%  dwas:25%  onet_tasks:17%
techniques                 12  0.00352  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:83%  onet_tasks:8%  wikipedia:8%
technical                  12  0.00352  inference            inference:33%  onet_tasks:25%  onet_dimensions:25%
practices                  12  0.00352  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:50%  onet_dimensions:17%  dwas:17%
includes                   12  0.00352  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
objects                    12  0.00352  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
scientific                 11  0.00323  wikipedia            wikipedia:36%  inference:36%  onet_tasks:9%
economy                    10  0.00293  wikipedia            wikipedia:80%  onet_tasks:10%  inference:10%
understand                 10  0.00293  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:70%  wikipedia:20%  onet_tasks:10%
ideas                      10  0.00293  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:90%  wikipedia:10%
quickly                    10  0.00293  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:90%  wikipedia:10%
body                       10  0.00293  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
developing                 10  0.00293  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:80%  wikipedia:10%  inference:10%
physical                    9  0.00264  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  onet_tasks:11%  wikipedia:11%
control                     9  0.00264  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  onet_tasks:11%