[Core] [25% incumbents] Design, promote, or administer government plans or policies affecting land use, zoning, public utilities, community facilities, housing, or transportation.
  DWAs: Design civil structures or systems. | Inform the public about policies, services or procedures.

[Core] [25% incumbents] Advise planning officials on project feasibility, cost-effectiveness, regulatory conformance, or possible alternatives.
  DWAs: Advise others on business or operational matters.

[Core] [25% incumbents] Create, prepare, or requisition graphic or narrative reports on land use data, including land area maps overlaid with geographic variables, such as population density.
  DWAs: Prepare scientific or technical reports or presentations.

[Core] [25% incumbents] Hold public meetings with government officials, social scientists, lawyers, developers, the public, or special interest groups to formulate, develop, or address issues regarding land use or community plans.
  DWAs: Communicate with the public on environmental issues.

[Core] [25% incumbents] Mediate community disputes or assist in developing alternative plans or recommendations for programs or projects.
  DWAs: Mediate disputes.

[Core] [25% incumbents] Recommend approval, denial, or conditional approval of proposals.
  DWAs: Advise others on business or operational matters.

[Core] [25% incumbents] Conduct field investigations, surveys, impact studies, or other research to compile and analyze data on economic, social, regulatory, or physical factors affecting land use.
  DWAs: Research impacts of environmental conservation initiatives.

[Core] [25% incumbents] Evaluate proposals for infrastructure projects or other development for environmental impact or sustainability.
  DWAs: Review plans or proposals for environmental conservation.

[Core] [25% incumbents] Discuss with planning officials the purpose of land use projects, such as transportation, conservation, residential, commercial, industrial, or community use.
  DWAs: Communicate with government agencies.

[Core] [25% incumbents] Keep informed about economic or legal issues involved in zoning codes, building codes, or environmental regulations.
  DWAs: Review professional literature to maintain professional knowledge.

[Core] [25% incumbents] Assess the feasibility of land use proposals and identify necessary changes.
  DWAs: Review plans or proposals for environmental conservation.

[Core] [25% incumbents] Determine the effects of regulatory limitations on land use projects.
  DWAs: Analyze impact of legal or regulatory changes.

[Core] [25% incumbents] Review and evaluate environmental impact reports pertaining to private or public planning projects or programs.
  DWAs: Review environmental permits, plans, or reports.

[Core] [25% incumbents] Supervise or coordinate the work of urban planning technicians or technologists.
  DWAs: Supervise scientific or technical personnel.

[Core] [25% incumbents] Develop plans for public or alternative transportation systems for urban or regional locations to reduce carbon output associated with transportation.
  DWAs: Develop environmental sustainability plans or projects.

[Core] [25% incumbents] Identify opportunities or develop plans for sustainability projects or programs to improve energy efficiency, minimize pollution or waste, or restore natural systems.
  DWAs: Develop environmental sustainability plans or projects.

[Core] [25% incumbents] Coordinate work with economic consultants or architects during the formulation of plans or the design of large pieces of infrastructure.
  DWAs: Collaborate with technical specialists to resolve design or development problems.

[Core] [25% incumbents] Advocate sustainability to community groups, government agencies, the general public, or special interest groups.
  DWAs: Promote environmental sustainability or conservation initiatives.

[Core] [25% incumbents] Investigate property availability for purposes of development.
  DWAs: Obtain property information.

[None] Conduct interviews, surveys and site inspections concerning factors that affect land usage, such as zoning, traffic flow and housing.
  DWAs: Collect information from people through observation, interviews, or surveys.

[None] Prepare reports, using statistics, charts, and graphs, to illustrate planning studies in areas such as population, land use, or zoning.
  DWAs: Prepare scientific or technical reports or presentations.

[None] Prepare, develop and maintain maps and databases.
  DWAs: Prepare maps.

[None] Prepare, maintain and update files and records, including land use data and statistics.
  DWAs: Record research or operational data.

[None] Research, compile, analyze and organize information from maps, reports, investigations, and books for use in reports and special projects.
  DWAs: Compile geographic or related data. | Analyze geological or geographical data.

[None] Respond to public inquiries and complaints.
  DWAs: Provide technical information or assistance to public.

--- SKILLS ---
  Active Listening (imp:4.12 lvl:4.38) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Speaking (imp:4.12 lvl:4.25) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Reading Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.38) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Critical Thinking (imp:4.00 lvl:4.25) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Writing (imp:3.88 lvl:4.12) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Active Learning (imp:3.25 lvl:4.12) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Mathematics (imp:3.00 lvl:3.50) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Learning Strategies (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Monitoring (imp:3.00 lvl:3.62) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Science (imp:2.62 lvl:2.75) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Law and Government (imp:4.60 lvl:4.68) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  English Language (imp:4.40 lvl:4.88) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Geography (imp:4.16 lvl:5.48) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Transportation (imp:4.04 lvl:3.76) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Communications and Media (imp:3.60 lvl:3.72) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Administration and Management (imp:3.44 lvl:4.24) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:3.40 lvl:4.40) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:3.28 lvl:4.88) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Computers and Electronics (imp:3.04 lvl:4.24) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Design (imp:2.96 lvl:3.83) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Mathematics (imp:2.92 lvl:4.25) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Public Safety and Security (imp:2.84 lvl:3.20) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  History and Archeology (imp:2.68 lvl:3.40) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Administrative (imp:2.56 lvl:3.84) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Economics and Accounting (imp:2.56 lvl:3.20) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:2.46 lvl:3.52) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Education and Training (imp:2.44 lvl:3.48) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Building and Construction (imp:2.40 lvl:2.68) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Psychology (imp:2.12 lvl:2.20) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:2.00 lvl:2.32) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Engineering and Technology (imp:1.92 lvl:1.62) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Biology (imp:1.92 lvl:2.32) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Telecommunications (imp:1.88 lvl:1.33) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Sales and Marketing (imp:1.80 lvl:2.16) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Foreign Language (imp:1.67 lvl:1.58) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Fine Arts (imp:1.33 lvl:0.57) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
  Chemistry (imp:1.32 lvl:0.83) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Production and Processing (imp:1.28 lvl:0.64) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Physics (imp:1.24 lvl:0.48) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.20 lvl:0.48) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Mechanical (imp:1.16 lvl:0.32) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:1.13 lvl:0.42) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Food Production (imp:1.08 lvl:0.12) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food

--- ABILITIES ---
  Oral Comprehension (imp:4.12 lvl:4.50) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Oral Expression (imp:4.12 lvl:4.62) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Written Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.25) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Written Expression (imp:4.00 lvl:4.38) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:4.00 lvl:4.12) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Speech Clarity (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:3.88 lvl:4.12) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Near Vision (imp:3.88 lvl:4.12) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.88 lvl:3.88) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:3.62 lvl:4.12) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Information Ordering (imp:3.62 lvl:3.88) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.50 lvl:3.88) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Originality (imp:3.25 lvl:4.00) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Visualization (imp:3.12 lvl:3.75) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:3.00 lvl:3.38) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Number Facility (imp:3.00 lvl:3.25) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Far Vision (imp:3.00 lvl:3.50) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Selective Attention (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Time Sharing (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Perceptual Speed (imp:2.62 lvl:2.75) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Memorization (imp:2.25 lvl:2.50) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.25 lvl:2.75) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.00 lvl:1.62) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Finger Dexterity (imp:1.88 lvl:1.75) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Depth Perception (imp:1.88 lvl:1.50) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Spatial Orientation (imp:1.75 lvl:1.00) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:1.75 lvl:1.38) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Control Precision (imp:1.62 lvl:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:1.62 lvl:0.62) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:1.62 lvl:0.88) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Trunk Strength (imp:1.50 lvl:0.88) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:1.00) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Manual Dexterity (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Response Orientation (imp:1.00) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Rate Control (imp:1.00) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Reaction Time (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Static Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Dynamic Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Stamina (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Extent Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:1.00) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:1.00) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Night Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Sound Localization (imp:1.00) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Getting Information (imp:4.64 lvl:5.36) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:4.60 lvl:5.88) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:4.60 lvl:5.96) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:4.52 lvl:6.00) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:4.48 lvl:5.48) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:4.44 lvl:5.16) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:4.36 lvl:5.40) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:4.32 lvl:5.60) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:4.28 lvl:4.64) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:4.28 lvl:5.88) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:4.25 lvl:5.96) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:4.24 lvl:5.76) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:4.24 lvl:4.96) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Processing Information (imp:4.21 lvl:5.32) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Thinking Creatively (imp:4.20 lvl:4.96) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:4.17 lvl:4.50) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Working with Computers (imp:4.08 lvl:3.60) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:4.08 lvl:5.08) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:3.72 lvl:4.96) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:3.68 lvl:4.32) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:3.56 lvl:4.84) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:3.40 lvl:4.40) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:3.36 lvl:3.80) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:3.32 lvl:3.92) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.32 lvl:3.96) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:3.24 lvl:4.12) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:3.08 lvl:4.20) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:3.08 lvl:3.64) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:3.04 lvl:4.12) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:3.04 lvl:3.76) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:2.96 lvl:3.72) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:2.96 lvl:4.20) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:2.12 lvl:2.24) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:1.60 lvl:1.12) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:1.60 lvl:1.28) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:1.44 lvl:1.00) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:1.44 lvl:0.88) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:1.28 lvl:0.88) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:1.12 lvl:0.32) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:1.08 lvl:0.16) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:1.04 lvl:0.04) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Dependability (imp:8.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Attention to Detail (imp:7.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Integrity (imp:6.00) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:5.00) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Cooperation (imp:4.00) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Achievement Orientation (imp:3.00) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Dependability (imp:2.47) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Cooperation (imp:2.18) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Integrity (imp:2.17) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:2.16) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.16) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Adaptability (imp:2.05) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Achievement Orientation (imp:2.01) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Innovation (imp:2.00) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Innovation (imp:2.00) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Social Orientation (imp:1.92) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Cautiousness (imp:1.79) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:1.78) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Perseverance (imp:1.77) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Initiative (imp:1.75) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Self-Control (imp:1.73) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Leadership Orientation (imp:1.67) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Self-Confidence (imp:1.66) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Stress Tolerance (imp:1.49) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Sincerity (imp:1.23) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy (imp:1.22) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Adaptability (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Optimism (imp:0.98) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Humility (imp:0.96) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Cautiousness () — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:4.12 lvl:4.25) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Systems Analysis (imp:4.00 lvl:4.12) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:3.75 lvl:4.12) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Systems Evaluation (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:3.62 lvl:3.75) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Negotiation (imp:3.38 lvl:3.38) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Coordination (imp:3.25 lvl:3.75) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Service Orientation (imp:3.25 lvl:3.00) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Time Management (imp:3.25 lvl:3.75) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Persuasion (imp:3.12 lvl:3.75) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Operations Analysis (imp:3.12 lvl:3.75) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Instructing (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:2.50 lvl:2.75) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Management of Material Resources (imp:2.25 lvl:2.25) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Programming (imp:1.75 lvl:1.38) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Operations Monitoring (imp:1.75 lvl:1.12) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Technology Design (imp:1.62 lvl:1.12) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:1.62 lvl:1.25) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Operation and Control (imp:1.38 lvl:0.50) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Equipment Selection (imp:1.00) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.00) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Troubleshooting (imp:1.00) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Repairing (imp:1.00) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 44,230
  annual_median    : $89,320
  annual_pct10     : $60,010
  annual_pct25     : $72,020
  annual_pct75     : $110,030
  annual_pct90     : $134,490
  annual_mean      : $94,750
  hourly_median    : $42.94

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : District of Columbia ($137,000)
  lowest_state     : Puerto Rico ($51,600)
  dispersion_ratio : 2.655x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (53 total) ---
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:   38,300  median: $  87,980
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:    5,020  median: $ 100,950
  Utilities                                emp:      190  median: $ 128,370
  Educational Services                     emp:      170  median: $  85,010
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:      140  median: $  82,170
  Construction                             emp:       90  median: $  97,570
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:       70  median: $  85,230

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (7 total) ---
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:   38,300  median: $  87,980
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:    5,020  median: $ 100,950
  Utilities                                emp:      190  median: $ 128,370
  Educational Services                     emp:      170  median: $  85,010
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:      140  median: $  82,170
  Construction                             emp:       90  median: $  97,570
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:       70  median: $  85,230

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Urban planner
match_score        : 0.6500
wikidata_qid       : Q131062
word_count         : 2,452
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_planner
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T20:52:08.709546Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
An urban planner (also known as town planner) is a professional who practices in the field of town planning, urban planning or city planning.
An urban planner may focus on a specific area of practice and have a title such as city planner, town planner, regional planner, long-range planner, transportation planner, infrastructure planner, environmental planner, parks planner, physical planner, health planner, planning analyst, urban designer, community development director, economic development specialist, or other similar combinations. The Royal Town Planning Institute is the oldest professional body of town and urban planners founded in 1914 and the University of Liverpool established the first dedicated planning school in the world in 1909, followed by Harvard University in 1924. There also exists evidence of urban planners in ancient cities in Egypt, China, India, and the Mediterranean world. For instance, Hippodamus has often been credited the title of "the father of city planning" in Aristotle's Book 2.


== Education and training ==

Urban Planning as a profession is a relatively young discipline. Urban Planning is an interdisciplinary field closely related to civil engineering. Few government agencies restrict or license the profession. As a result, a number of other related disciplines actively claim to have the training, expertise and professional scope to practise urban planning. While organizations such as the American Planning Association, the Canadian Institute of Planners and the Royal Town Planning Institute certify professional planners, others in related fields like Landscape Architecture also claim to have professional autonomy in urban planning. Efforts internationally have attempted to define the role of urban planners through licensure acts. The US State of New Jersey and the Canadian province of Nova Scotia license Professional Planners. All Canadian provinces and territories except Newfoundland and Labrador and Quebec restrict the use of the term 'Registered Professional Planner' to licensed urban planners. In Quebec, urban planners must be licensed by the l'Orde des Urbaniste du Quebec.


== Urban planners by country ==


=== Canada ===
Urban planners in Canada usually hold bachelor's degrees in planning or a master's degree, typically accredited as an M.Pl. (Master of Planning), MUP (Master of Urban Planning) MCP (Master of City Planning), MSc.Pl. (Master of Science in Planning), M.Pl.(Master of Urban and Regional Planning), MES (Master of Environmental Studies) or simply an MA (Master of Arts).
Professional certification is offered by the Canadian Institute of Planners and its provincial and territorial affiliates. The Institute accredits planning education programs, and sets standards for entry into the profession. Each provincial or territorial body is responsible for licensing and regulating members within its borders. Provincial and territorial affiliates may allow certified members to use the title of Registered Professional Planner (RPP).


=== Greece ===
Urban planners in Greece typically graduate from Engineering faculties. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and University of Thessaly are the two universities that provide undergraduate studies in urban planning in Greece.


=== Hong Kong ===
The Hong Kong Institute of Planners is the statutory corporation in Hong Kong regulating professional town planners' accreditation and development. Full members of the institute are eligible to register as a Registered Professional Planner through Planners Registration Board in Hong Kong.


=== India ===
Though planning is not a recognized profession under Indian law, the profession began in 1941 in Delhi College of Engineering (now the Delhi Technological University). It was later integrated with the School of Town and Country Planning which was established in 1955 by the Government of India to provide facilities for rural, urban and regional planning. On integration, the school was renamed as School of Planning and Architecture in 1959. Today, it is one of the premier schools of pursuing planning studies at bachelor, masters and post doctorate levels.
The Institute of Town Planners, India (ITPI), set up on the lines of the Royal Town Planning Institute in London is the body representing planning professionals in India. A small group formed itself into an Indian Board of Town Planners which after three years of continuous work formed the ITPI. The institute, which was established in July 1951, today, has a membership of over 2800, apart from a sizable number of student members, many of whom have qualified Associateship Examination (AITP) conducted by ITPI. As of 2012, the institute has 21 regional chapters across India.
School of Planning and Architecture (SPA), Delhi is one of the premier institutes in dissemination knowledge of Architecture and Planning in India. It was established in 1941. In 1979, the Government of India, through the then Ministry of Education and Culture, conferred on the School of Planning and Architecture the status of "Deemed to be a University"(http://spa.ac.in/Home.aspx?ReturnUrl=%2f)
School of Planning and Architecture-Bhopal (M.P.) and School of Planning and Architecture-Vijayawada established in year 2008 by Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India.
Centre for Environment Planning and Technology (CEPT) University [1] in Ahmedabad and Malaviya National Institute of Technology (NIT) Jaipur, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology (N.I.T) in Bhopal along with NIT Patna and State Universities like IGDTUW, Delhi are one of the pioneering Institutes in India where urban planning is taught. Post-graduation such as Master of engineering, Master of technology are also available in India.


=== Israel ===
The Israel Planners Association was founded in 1965. Urban planning is taught by two institutions. the Technion Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning in Haifa and the Center for Urban and Regional Studies.
The second institution is The Hebrew University of Jerusalem qualifying a Graduate Degree (M.A.) in Geography and Urban and Regional Planning.


=== Italy ===
The role of urban planners has a long-standing tradition in Italy. The exclusive skills of this profession were originally attributed to engineers and architects, as established by law and related implementing regulation. Later, in 1992, agronomists and foresters were also granted prerogatives related to territorial and urban planning. Since 2001, following the implementation of the reform of university regulations and professional orders (DPR 328/2001), the skills of territorial planners and urban planners have been the exclusive competence of territorial planners enrolled in the Order of Architects, Planners, and Landscapers - Section A. Additionally, agronomists and foresters enrolled in the Order of Agronomists and Foresters - Section A are also eligible for this role. This is without prejudice to the skills previously acquired by civil engineers and architects enrolled in the Order prior to the DPR 328/2001 reform.
Following the introduction of three-year degrees (Lauree Triennali) in Territorial Planning, graduates were included in the Order of Architects, Planners, Landscape Architects, and Conservators in the Planners Sector, Section B, with the professional title of "Junior Planner" (Pianificatore Iunior).


=== Malaysia ===
In Malaysia, urban planners typically hold a bachelor's degree or master's degree in planning. Several universities in Malaysia, such as Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Universiti Malaya (UM), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), International Islamic University Malaysia (UIAM) and Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) offer programs in urban and regional planning at both the undergraduate and postgraduate levels. In addition, there are also colleges that offer diploma and certificate courses in urban planning. These educational institutions provide students with the knowledge and skills nece

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Urban planning education (similarity: 0.4706)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_planning_education
  QID: Q7900138
  Extract: Urban planning education is a practice of teaching and learning urban theory, studies, and professional practices. The interaction between public officials, professional planners and the public involves a continuous education on planning process. Community members often serve on a city planning comm

  Title: Urban planning (similarity: 0.5366)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_planning
  QID: Q69883
  Extract: Urban planning is the process of developing and designing plans for land use and the built environment, including air, water, and the infrastructure passing into and out of urban areas, such as transportation, communications, and distribution networks, and their accessibility. Traditionally, urban p

  Title: Vula Tsetsi (similarity: 0.2632)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vula_Tsetsi
  QID: Q63168408
  Extract: Paraskevi “Vula” Tsetsi is a Greek political figure and urban and regional planner and who has been Co-Chair of the European Green Party since December 2024. From 2004-2024, she served as Secretary General of the Greens/European Free Alliance.

  Title: Percy Johnson-Marshall (similarity: 0.2857)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Johnson-Marshall
  QID: Q7167427
  Extract: Percy Edwin Alan Johnson-Marshall was a British urban designer, regional planner and academic. Born in India, he was educated at Liverpool University, and worked initially with local authorities in the south of England. In 1959, he took a post as senior lecturer at the University of Edinburgh, and w

  Title: Ecumenopolis (similarity: 0.2051)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecumenopolis
  QID: Q1886473
  Extract: Ecumenopolis is the hypothetical concept of a planetwide city. It is primarily known as a stock setting in science fiction, but has also received serious consideration in theoretical city planning and futurist concepts.

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong confidence supported by comprehensive O*NET task data, clear educational requirements, robust wage data from BLS, and exact Wikipedia match confirming role definition.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T15:57:06.902921+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,597
tokens_output        : 4,111
cost_usd             : $0.044722
wikipedia_used       : True
wikipedia_title      : Urban planner
wikipedia_note       : The Wikipedia definition aligns with O*NET data, confirming urban planners practice in town planning, urban planning, and city planning fields. The semantic neighbors include urban planning education and the broader urban planning process.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Urban and Regional Planners develop comprehensive plans and programs for land use and physical facilities in jurisdictions from towns to metropolitan areas. They balance community needs, environmental concerns, and economic factors while navigating complex regulatory frameworks. These professionals serve as key advisors on project feasibility, zoning compliance, and sustainable development initiatives.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
Urban planners start their day reviewing zoning applications and development proposals, evaluating them for regulatory compliance and community impact. They conduct field investigations and surveys to gather data on economic, social, and environmental factors affecting proposed projects. Much of their time involves communicating with diverse stakeholders - holding public meetings with government officials, developers, and community members to discuss land use projects. They prepare detailed reports with maps and graphics showing land use patterns and recommendations. The day often includes mediating community disputes over development proposals and advising planning officials on project alternatives.

WHO THRIVES:
Successful urban planners combine strong analytical thinking with excellent communication abilities, as they must translate complex data into actionable recommendations for diverse audiences. They possess high intellectual curiosity and attention to detail, essential for evaluating multifaceted development proposals and staying current with evolving regulations. These professionals demonstrate exceptional dependability and integrity when making recommendations that affect entire communities. They excel at systems thinking, seeing how transportation, housing, environmental, and economic factors interconnect within urban environments.

CAREER ENTRY:
Entry requires a master's degree (56% of practitioners) or bachelor's degree (40%) in urban planning, geography, public administration, or related fields. Most programs include coursework in law and government, geography, and transportation systems. Many planners gain experience through internships with local government agencies or consulting firms before securing full-time positions.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Urban planners typically advance to senior planner positions, then planning director roles overseeing entire municipal planning departments. Some transition to specialized roles like transportation planning, environmental planning, or sustainability consulting. Others move into related leadership positions such as Chief Sustainability Officers or pursue consulting careers with private firms serving multiple municipalities.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
Urban planners earn a median annual salary of $89,320 according to BLS OEWS May 2025, with the top 10% earning over $134,490. Employment of 44,230 professionals is concentrated heavily in government (86% of positions), with smaller numbers in consulting firms. Geographic pay varies significantly, from $137,000 in Washington DC to $51,600 in Puerto Rico, reflecting urban complexity and cost of living. Demand remains steady as communities grapple with sustainable development, climate adaptation, and housing challenges.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
Urban planning work faces low automation risk due to its heavy reliance on stakeholder communication, complex decision-making, and community mediation activities. While GIS software and data analysis tools enhance productivity, the core functions of evaluating community needs, facilitating public engagement, and navigating political processes require human judgment and interpersonal skills that remain difficult to automate.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [skill_overlap] Transportation Planners (19-3099.01) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles share identical top skills in Active Listening (4.1 importance), Speaking (4.1), and Critical Thinking (4.0), with similar knowledge requirements in Geography and Transportation.
    data: Active Listening imp:4.1
    data: Transportation knowledge imp:4.0
    data: Geography knowledge imp:4.2
  [task_similarity] Landscape Architects (17-1012.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both roles involve designing comprehensive plans for land use and conducting field investigations to analyze environmental and social impacts of development projects.
    data: Design plans for land use
    data: Conduct field investigations
    data: Geography knowledge overlap
  [transferable_skill] Project Management Specialists (13-1082.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Urban planners' top transferable skills in Judgment and Decision Making (4.1) and Systems Analysis (4.0) directly align with project management requirements for complex development initiatives.
    data: Judgment and Decision Making imp:4.1
    data: Systems Analysis imp:4.0
    data: Developing Objectives and Strategies activity
  [knowledge_overlap] Conservation Scientists (19-1031.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both roles require Geography knowledge and involve evaluating environmental impacts, with Conservation Scientists and Urban Planners both analyzing sustainability factors in land use decisions.
    data: Geography knowledge
    data: Environmental impact evaluation
    data: Research activities overlap
  [career_pathway] Chief Sustainability Officers (11-1011.03) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Urban planners' experience evaluating environmental impacts and developing sustainable land use policies provides natural progression to executive sustainability leadership roles.
    data: Environmental impact evaluation tasks
    data: Sustainability knowledge
    data: Executive decision-making skills
  [riasec_cluster] Climate Change Policy Analysts (19-2041.01) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both roles share Investigative (I) primary interest codes, requiring research and analysis of complex environmental and policy issues affecting communities.
    data: Investigative RIASEC primary
    data: Policy analysis requirements
    data: Environmental research tasks

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['urban planner', 'regional planner', 'city planner', 'community planner', 'land use planner', 'zoning planner', 'development planner', 'planning specialist']
  exclude_keywords : ['transportation', 'landscape architect', 'architect', 'engineer', 'policy analyst']
  title_patterns   : ['*planner', 'planning*', 'community development*', 'land use*', 'zoning*']
  common_variations: ['urban planner', 'regional planner', 'city planner', 'town planner', 'community planner', 'planning coordinator', 'planning analyst', 'development planner']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['planning', 'urban', 'planners', 'others', 'tendency', 'planner', 'town', 'public', 'equipment', 'land', 'institute', 'environmental', 'regional', 'principles', 'development', 'master', 'government', 'plans', 'university', 'community']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
planning                  113  0.02731  wikipedia            wikipedia:83%  inference:11%  onet_tasks:4%
urban                      77  0.01861  wikipedia            wikipedia:81%  inference:17%  onet_tasks:3%
planners                   64  0.01547  wikipedia            wikipedia:89%  inference:11%
others                     42  0.01015  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:90%  dwas:5%  wikipedia:2%
tendency                   42  0.01015  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
planner                    33  0.00797  wikipedia            wikipedia:97%  inference:3%
town                       25  0.00604  wikipedia            wikipedia:96%  inference:4%
public                     23  0.00556  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:30%  wikipedia:26%  onet_dimensions:17%
equipment                  23  0.00556  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
land                       21  0.00507  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:52%  wikipedia:29%  inference:14%
institute                  21  0.00507  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
environmental              20  0.00483  dwas                 dwas:40%  wikipedia:25%  inference:20%
regional                   18  0.00435  wikipedia            wikipedia:89%  onet_tasks:6%  inference:6%
principles                 18  0.00435  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  wikipedia:11%
development                17  0.00411  wikipedia            wikipedia:53%  inference:29%  onet_tasks:12%
master                     17  0.00411  wikipedia            wikipedia:94%  inference:6%
government                 16  0.00387  wikipedia            wikipedia:31%  inference:25%  onet_tasks:19%
plans                      16  0.00387  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:38%  dwas:31%  onet_dimensions:12%
university                 16  0.00387  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
community                  15  0.00363  inference            inference:40%  onet_tasks:33%  wikipedia:27%
body                       14  0.00338  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:71%  wikipedia:29%
profession                 14  0.00338  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
includes                   13  0.00314  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:92%  inference:8%
programs                   12  0.00290  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:33%  onet_tasks:25%  wikipedia:25%
control                    12  0.00290  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
objects                    12  0.00290  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
india                      12  0.00290  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
design                     11  0.00266  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:55%  onet_tasks:18%  dwas:18%
social                     11  0.00266  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:45%  wikipedia:27%  onet_tasks:18%
projects                   11  0.00266  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:64%  dwas:18%  inference:18%
problems                   11  0.00266  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:82%  dwas:9%  wikipedia:9%
needs                      11  0.00266  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:73%  inference:18%  wikipedia:9%
human                      11  0.00266  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:64%  wikipedia:27%  inference:9%
techniques                 11  0.00266  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:91%  wikipedia:9%
standards                  11  0.00266  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:73%  wikipedia:27%
ideas                      11  0.00266  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
activities                 11  0.00266  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:82%  wikipedia:9%  inference:9%
members                    11  0.00266  wikipedia            wikipedia:73%  onet_dimensions:18%  inference:9%
transportation             10  0.00242  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:40%  inference:30%  wikipedia:20%
developing                 10  0.00242  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:80%  onet_tasks:10%  wikipedia:10%