[Core] [54% incumbents] Assess individuals' degree of drug dependency by collecting and analyzing urine samples.
  DWAs: Administer drug screening tests.

[Core] [54% incumbents] Review and evaluate clients' progress in relation to measurable goals described in treatment and care plans.
  DWAs: Monitor clients to evaluate treatment progress.

[Core] [54% incumbents] Develop client treatment plans based on research, clinical experience, and client histories.
  DWAs: Develop treatment plans for patients or clients.

[Core] [54% incumbents] Modify treatment plans to comply with changes in client status.
  DWAs: Modify treatment plans to accommodate client needs.

[Core] [54% incumbents] Intervene as an advocate for clients or patients to resolve emergency problems in crisis situations.
  DWAs: Intervene in crisis situations to assist clients.

[Core] [54% incumbents] Attend training sessions to increase knowledge and skills.
  DWAs: Maintain professional social services knowledge.

[Core] [54% incumbents] Act as liaisons between clients and medical staff.
  DWAs: Advocate for individual or community needs.

[Core] [54% incumbents] Provide clients or family members with information about addiction issues and about available services or programs, making appropriate referrals when necessary.
  DWAs: Present social services program information to the public. | Refer clients to community or social service programs.

[Core] [54% incumbents] Counsel family members to assist them in understanding, dealing with, and supporting clients or patients.
  DWAs: Counsel family members of clients or patients.

[Core] [54% incumbents] Confer with family members or others close to clients to keep them informed of treatment planning and progress.
  DWAs: Confer with family members to discuss client treatment plans or progress.

[Supplemental] [54% incumbents] Supervise or direct other workers providing services to clients or patients.
  DWAs: Supervise workers providing client or patient services.

[Core] [53% incumbents] Complete and maintain accurate records or reports regarding the patients' histories and progress, services provided, or other required information.
  DWAs: Write reports or evaluations. | Maintain client records.

[Core] [53% incumbents] Conduct chemical dependency program orientation sessions.
  DWAs: Lead classes or community events.

[Core] [53% incumbents] Coordinate counseling efforts with mental health professionals or other health professionals, such as doctors, nurses, or social workers.
  DWAs: Collaborate with other professionals to assess client needs or plan treatments.

[Core] [53% incumbents] Interview clients, review records, and confer with other professionals to evaluate individuals' mental and physical condition and to determine their suitability for participation in a specific program.
  DWAs: Interview clients to gather information about their backgrounds, needs, or progress. | Collaborate with other professionals to assess client needs or plan treatments.

[Core] [53% incumbents] Participate in case conferences or staff meetings.
  DWAs: Collaborate with other professionals to assess client needs or plan treatments.

[Core] [53% incumbents] Train or supervise student interns or new staff members.
  DWAs: Train staff members in social services skills. | Supervise workers providing client or patient services.

[Core] [52% incumbents] Counsel clients or patients, individually or in group sessions, to assist in overcoming dependencies, adjusting to life, or making changes.
  DWAs: Counsel clients or patients with substance abuse issues.

[Core] [52% incumbents] Coordinate activities with courts, probation officers, community services, or other post-treatment agencies.
  DWAs: Collaborate with other professionals to assess client needs or plan treatments.

[Core] [52% incumbents] Plan or implement follow-up or aftercare programs for clients to be discharged from treatment programs.
  DWAs: Develop treatment plans for patients or clients.

[Core] [52% incumbents] Instruct others in program methods, procedures, or functions.
  DWAs: Train staff members in social services skills.

[Core] [52% incumbents] Develop, implement, or evaluate public education, prevention, or health promotion programs, working in collaboration with organizations, institutions, or communities.
  DWAs: Evaluate the effectiveness of counseling or educational programs. | Plan programs to address community health issues. | Collaborate with other professionals to develop education or assistance programs.

[Core] [51% incumbents] Follow progress of discharged patients to determine effectiveness of treatments.
  DWAs: Monitor clients to evaluate treatment progress.

--- SKILLS ---
  Active Listening (imp:4.25 lvl:4.38) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Speaking (imp:4.25 lvl:4.25) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Critical Thinking (imp:4.12 lvl:4.12) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Reading Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.25) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Writing (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Monitoring (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Active Learning (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Learning Strategies (imp:3.25 lvl:3.75) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Mathematics (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Science (imp:2.00 lvl:1.38) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:4.99 lvl:6.52) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Psychology (imp:4.95 lvl:5.95) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Education and Training (imp:4.49 lvl:4.87) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:4.17 lvl:5.83) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  English Language (imp:4.17 lvl:4.66) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Administrative (imp:3.57 lvl:3.84) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Administration and Management (imp:3.48 lvl:4.04) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:3.42 lvl:3.88) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:3.30 lvl:3.98) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Computers and Electronics (imp:3.17 lvl:3.37) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:3.15 lvl:2.81) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Public Safety and Security (imp:3.00 lvl:3.29) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Production and Processing (imp:2.92 lvl:2.39) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Communications and Media (imp:2.72 lvl:2.47) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Mathematics (imp:2.71 lvl:1.74) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Foreign Language (imp:2.62 lvl:2.58) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Law and Government (imp:2.61 lvl:3.21) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Telecommunications (imp:2.61 lvl:2.63) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Sales and Marketing (imp:2.27 lvl:1.59) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Transportation (imp:2.25 lvl:2.00) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  History and Archeology (imp:2.07 lvl:1.73) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Economics and Accounting (imp:2.00 lvl:1.58) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Geography (imp:1.90 lvl:1.77) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:1.87 lvl:1.32) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Biology (imp:1.75 lvl:1.42) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Design (imp:1.71) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Building and Construction (imp:1.71) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Food Production (imp:1.58 lvl:0.90) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
  Chemistry (imp:1.58 lvl:1.29) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Engineering and Technology (imp:1.33 lvl:0.81) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Fine Arts (imp:1.32 lvl:0.56) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
  Mechanical (imp:1.24) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Physics (imp:1.09) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,

--- ABILITIES ---
  Oral Expression (imp:4.12 lvl:4.75) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:4.12 lvl:4.25) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Speech Clarity (imp:4.12 lvl:4.00) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Oral Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.62) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Written Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.25) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Written Expression (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Information Ordering (imp:3.62 lvl:3.62) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:3.38 lvl:3.38) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Originality (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Selective Attention (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Near Vision (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Time Sharing (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Far Vision (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.75 lvl:2.38) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Memorization (imp:2.62 lvl:2.75) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Visualization (imp:2.50 lvl:2.62) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Perceptual Speed (imp:2.25 lvl:2.75) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:2.00 lvl:2.12) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Number Facility (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Response Orientation (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Reaction Time (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Static Strength (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Explosive Strength (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Trunk Strength (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:2.00 lvl:1.25) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:2.00 lvl:1.25) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Stamina (imp:1.88 lvl:1.12) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Depth Perception (imp:1.88 lvl:1.25) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:1.62 lvl:1.00) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Finger Dexterity (imp:1.62 lvl:0.75) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Control Precision (imp:1.62 lvl:0.88) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:1.62 lvl:1.00) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Rate Control (imp:1.62 lvl:1.00) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Night Vision (imp:1.62 lvl:0.75) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.62 lvl:0.75) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Spatial Orientation (imp:1.50 lvl:0.62) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Dynamic Strength (imp:1.50 lvl:0.75) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Extent Flexibility (imp:1.50 lvl:0.88) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.50 lvl:0.75) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Sound Localization (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Manual Dexterity (imp:1.25 lvl:0.25) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:1.25 lvl:0.50) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Getting Information (imp:4.75 lvl:5.03) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:4.58 lvl:4.67) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Processing Information (imp:4.58 lvl:5.56) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:4.50 lvl:4.95) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Working with Computers (imp:4.49 lvl:3.90) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:4.48 lvl:5.24) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:4.46 lvl:4.97) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:4.43 lvl:5.53) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:4.35 lvl:5.43) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:4.22 lvl:4.83) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:4.18 lvl:5.09) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:4.16 lvl:4.32) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:4.14 lvl:4.93) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:4.14 lvl:4.50) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:4.14 lvl:4.56) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:4.03 lvl:4.88) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Thinking Creatively (imp:3.97 lvl:4.59) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:3.93 lvl:5.09) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:3.88 lvl:4.38) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:3.83 lvl:4.60) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:3.82 lvl:3.90) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:3.80 lvl:4.36) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:3.64 lvl:3.99) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:3.60 lvl:4.19) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:3.50 lvl:4.27) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:3.49 lvl:3.63) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:3.33 lvl:3.66) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:3.20 lvl:3.24) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:3.16 lvl:3.66) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:3.05 lvl:2.88) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:2.78 lvl:2.10) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:2.75 lvl:2.92) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:2.68 lvl:2.45) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:2.58 lvl:2.55) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:2.54 lvl:3.07) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:2.49 lvl:2.25) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:2.31 lvl:2.25) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:2.15 lvl:2.48) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:1.83 lvl:1.64) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:1.82 lvl:1.47) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:1.80 lvl:1.44) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Attention to Detail (imp:10.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Integrity (imp:9.00) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Cooperation (imp:8.00) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Social Orientation (imp:7.00) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Self-Control (imp:6.00) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Stress Tolerance (imp:5.00) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Empathy (imp:4.00) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Adaptability (imp:3.00) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Empathy (imp:3.00) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Sincerity (imp:2.89) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Dependability (imp:2.65) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Integrity (imp:2.36) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Social Orientation (imp:2.33) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Cooperation (imp:2.30) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism (imp:2.27) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Self-Control (imp:2.26) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Stress Tolerance (imp:2.21) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.11) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Adaptability (imp:2.09) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Optimism (imp:2.00) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Perseverance (imp:1.97) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Initiative (imp:1.75) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Achievement Orientation (imp:1.58) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Self-Confidence (imp:1.57) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Humility (imp:1.56) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Cautiousness (imp:1.38) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:1.24) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Innovation (imp:1.10) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:1.05) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Sincerity (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Leadership Orientation (imp:0.88) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Achievement Orientation () — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Intellectual Curiosity () — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Cautiousness () — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Dependability () — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:4.12 lvl:5.00) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Persuasion (imp:3.88 lvl:3.75) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Service Orientation (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:3.88 lvl:3.88) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Coordination (imp:3.50 lvl:3.88) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:3.50 lvl:3.50) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Instructing (imp:3.38 lvl:3.25) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Negotiation (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Systems Analysis (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Systems Evaluation (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Time Management (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Operations Analysis (imp:2.00 lvl:1.50) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Operations Monitoring (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:2.00 lvl:1.25) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:2.00 lvl:1.00) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Management of Material Resources (imp:2.00 lvl:1.00) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Technology Design (imp:1.75 lvl:1.00) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Programming (imp:1.75 lvl:1.00) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Operation and Control (imp:1.62 lvl:0.88) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Troubleshooting (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Equipment Selection (imp:1.00) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.00) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Repairing (imp:1.00) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : N/A
  annual_median    : N/A
  annual_pct10     : N/A
  annual_pct25     : N/A
  annual_pct75     : N/A
  annual_pct90     : N/A
  annual_mean      : N/A
  hourly_median    : N/A

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : N/A
  lowest_state     : N/A
  dispersion_ratio : N/A

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (0 total) ---

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (0 total) ---

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Substance use disorder
match_score        : 0.6111
wikidata_qid       : Q7632070
word_count         : 3,867
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance_use_disorder
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T20:57:38.486206Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
Substance use disorder (SUD) is the persistent use of drugs despite substantial harm and adverse consequences to self and others.  Related terms include substance use problems and problematic drug or alcohol use. Along with substance-induced disorders (SIDs) they are encompassed in the category substance-related disorders. 
Substance use disorders vary with regard to the average age of onset. It is not uncommon for those who have SUD to also have other mental health disorders. The coexistence of both a mental health disorder and a substance use disorder (SUD) is referred to as co-occurring disorders. Substance use disorders are characterized by an array of mental, emotional, physical, and behavioral problems such as chronic guilt; an inability to reduce or stop consuming the substance(s) despite repeated attempts; operating vehicles while intoxicated; and physiological withdrawal symptoms. Drug classes that are commonly involved in SUD include: alcohol (alcoholism); cannabis; opioids; stimulants such as nicotine (including tobacco), cocaine and amphetamines; benzodiazepines; barbiturates; and other substances.
In the DSM-5 (2013), the DSM-IV diagnoses of substance abuse and substance dependence were merged into the category of substance use disorders. The severity of substance use disorders can vary widely; in the DSM-5 diagnosis of a SUD, the severity of an individual's SUD is qualified as mild, moderate, or severe on the basis of how many of the 11 diagnostic criteria are met. The ICD-11 divides substance use disorders into two categories: (1) harmful pattern of substance use; and (2) substance dependence.
In 2017, globally 271 million people (5.5% of adults) were estimated to have used one or more illicit drugs. Of these, 35 million had a substance use disorder. An additional 237 million men and 46 million women have alcohol use disorder as of 2016. In 2017, substance use disorders from illicit substances directly resulted in 585,000 deaths. Direct deaths from drug use, other than alcohol, have increased over 60 percent from 2000 to 2015. Alcohol use resulted in an additional 3 million deaths in 2016.


== Etiology ==

Substance use disorders (SUDs) are highly prevalent and exact a large toll on individuals' health, well-being, and social functioning. Long-lasting changes in brain networks involved in reward, executive function, stress reactivity, mood, and self-awareness underlie the intense drive to consume substances and the inability to control this urge in a person who suffers from addiction (moderate or severe SUD). Biological (including genetics and developmental life stages) and social (including adverse childhood experiences) determinants of health are recognized factors that contribute to vulnerability to or resilience against developing a SUD. Consequently, prevention strategies that target social risk factors can improve outcomes and, when deployed in childhood and adolescence, can decrease the risk for these disorders.
This section divides substance use disorder causes into categories consistent with the biopsychosocial model. However, it is important to bear in mind that these categories are used by scientists partly for convenience; the categories often overlap (for example, adolescents and adults whose parents had—or have—an alcohol use disorder display higher rates of alcohol problems, a phenomenon that can be due to genetic, observational learning, socioeconomic, and other causal factors); and these categories are not the only ways to classify substance use disorder etiology.
Similarly, most researchers in this and related areas (such as the etiology of psychopathology generally), emphasize that various causal factors interact and influence each other in complex and multifaceted ways.


=== Social determinants ===
Among older adults, being divorced, separated, or single, having more financial resources, lack of religious affiliation, bereavement, involuntary retirement, and homelessness are all associated with alcohol problems, including alcohol use disorder. Issues may often be interconnected: people without jobs are more likely to abuse substances which then makes them unable to work. Not having a job leads to stress and sometimes depression which in turn can cause an individual to increase substance use. This leads to a cycle of substance abuse and unemployment. The likelihood of substance abuse can increase during childhood. Through a study conducted in 2021 about the effect childhood experiences have on future substance use, researchers found that there is a direct connection between the two factors. Individuals that had experiences in their childhood which left them traumatized in some way had a much higher chance of substance abuse.
While SUD is often viewed as a person-centered issue, it is also a family disease. Individuals struggling with substance abuse frequently damage relationships with loved ones, and in severe cases, SUD can lead to family separation through divorce or intervention by government agencies like Child Protective Services (CPS). Unfortunately, it may even result in suicide, leaving families to grieve. SUD is commonly associated with a range of emotional and psychological problems, including anger, guilt, depression, anxiety, and violence. These issues not only affect the individual but also their family and community. To effectively combat SUD, it's crucial to address its causes particularly in mental health challenges. By improving access to mental health care, people can help prevent and treat substance use more effectively. There are many programs available to support individuals and families affected by SUD. These include therapy centers, support groups, and dedicated treatment facilities such as Bear River Health, Sacred Heart, Harbor Hall, and ATS. Peer support plays a vital role in recovery. Organizations like Al-Anon/Nar-Anon, AA/NA, Celebrate Recovery, and DHARMA provide the support to individuals and families navigating the challenges of substance use.


=== Psychological determinants ===

Psychological causal factors include cognitive, affective, and developmental determinants, among others. For example, individuals who begin using alcohol or other drugs in their teens are more likely to have a substance use disorder as adults. Other common risk factors are being male, being under 25, having other mental health problems (with the latter two being related to symptomatic relapse, impaired clinical and psychosocial adjustment, reduced medication adherence, and lower response to treatment), and lack of familial support and supervision. (As mentioned above, some of these causal factors can also be categorized as social or biological). Other psychological risk factors include high impulsivity, sensation seeking, neuroticism and openness to experience in combination with low conscientiousness.


=== Biological determinants ===
Children born to parents with who have a substance use disorder have roughly a two-fold increased risk in developing a substance use disorder compared to children born to parents without this disorder. Other factors such as substance use during pregnancy, or the persistent inhalation of secondhand smoke can also influence a person's substance use behaviors in the future.


== Signs and symptoms ==
Symptoms for a substance use disorder include behavioral, physical and social changes. Changes in behavior include being absent from school or work; changes in appetite or sleep patterns; personality and attitude changes; mood swings, and anxiety. Signs include physical changes such as weight gain or loss; tremors, and bloodshot eyes. Different substances used can give different signs and symptoms.
There are a number of psychological changes associated with substance use disorders, including anxiety and depression. Anxiety and depression symptoms are closely linked to greater substance use over time, especially in adolescents. Some adolescents who are current or lifetime users ca

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Oppositional defiant disorder (similarity: 0.3291)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oppositional_defiant_disorder
  QID: Q1328833
  Extract: Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is listed in the DSM-5 under Disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders and defined as "a pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, or vindictiveness." This behavior is usually targeted toward peers, parents, teachers, and other auth

  Title: Substance dependence (similarity: 0.4286)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance_dependence
  QID: Q3378593
  Extract: Substance dependence, also known as drug dependence, is a biopsychological situation whereby an individual's functionality is dependent on the necessitated re-consumption of a psychoactive substance because of an adaptive state that has developed within the individual from psychoactive substance con

  Title: Behavioral addiction (similarity: 0.4286)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioral_addiction
  QID: Q1513352
  Extract: Behavioral addiction, process addiction, or non-substance-related disorder is a form of addiction that involves a compulsion to engage in a rewarding non-substance-related behavior – sometimes called a natural reward – despite any negative consequences to the person's physical, mental, social or fin

  Title: Borderline personality disorder (similarity: 0.4198)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borderline_personality_disorder
  QID: Q208166
  Extract: Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a personality disorder characterized by a pervasive, long-term pattern across several contexts of significant interpersonal relationship instability, extreme fear of abandonment, and intense emotional outbursts. People with BPD frequently exhibit self-harming

  Title: Addiction psychology (similarity: 0.2286)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addiction_psychology
  QID: Q4681112
  Extract: About 1 in 7 Americans reportedly suffered from active addiction to a particular substance. Addiction can cause physical, emotional and psychological harm to those affected by it.

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : High confidence supported by comprehensive O*NET data including detailed skills, knowledge, abilities, and work activities. Multiple related occupations provide clear context for role positioning within the behavioral health field. Education requirements and job titles align consistently with professional counseling standards.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T16:22:31.609201+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,447
tokens_output        : 4,309
cost_usd             : $0.047004
wikipedia_used       : True
wikipedia_title      : Substance use disorder
wikipedia_note       : The Wikipedia entry on substance use disorder provides clinical context for the disorders these counselors treat, defining SUD as persistent drug use despite substantial harm and adverse consequences. This clinical understanding supports the occupation's focus on assessment, treatment planning, and therapeutic intervention for individuals with various substance-related and behavioral disorders.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors help individuals overcome addiction and behavioral disorders through assessment, treatment planning, and therapeutic intervention. They work with clients struggling with alcohol, drug, gambling, and eating disorders, providing both individual and group counseling services. These professionals serve as advocates and liaisons between clients and medical staff while supporting families through the recovery process.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
Counselors begin by assessing clients' degree of dependency through clinical interviews and drug screening tests, then develop individualized treatment plans based on research and client histories. They conduct therapy sessions, monitor client progress against measurable goals, and modify treatment approaches as needed. Daily documentation includes recording session notes and updating care plans in electronic systems. They frequently intervene in crisis situations, advocate for client needs, and coordinate with medical staff and family members. Administrative tasks include attending training sessions to maintain professional knowledge and preparing progress reports.

WHO THRIVES:
Individuals with strong social orientation and high attention to detail excel in this demanding role that requires extensive interpersonal skills. Those who demonstrate integrity, self-control, and cooperation while maintaining professional boundaries succeed in managing complex client relationships. The role attracts people with high problem sensitivity and oral expression abilities who can effectively communicate with diverse populations in crisis. Successful counselors combine empathy with critical thinking skills to develop evidence-based treatment strategies while maintaining emotional resilience in challenging situations.

CAREER ENTRY:
Most positions require a master's degree in counseling, psychology, or social work, though 23.7% of professionals enter with associate's degrees or high school diplomas plus specialized training. State licensing and certification in addiction counseling are typically required, involving supervised clinical hours and examination completion. Many professionals gain experience through internships in treatment facilities, community mental health centers, or rehabilitation programs before pursuing independent practice.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Experienced counselors can advance to supervisory roles, program management, or specialized treatment areas like adolescent or geriatric addiction services. Some pursue additional credentials to become licensed clinical social workers or marriage and family therapists, expanding their scope of practice. Advanced practitioners may establish private practices, lead treatment programs, or transition into training and education roles within academic or healthcare institutions.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
According to BLS OEWS May 2025, substance abuse counselors earn a median annual wage of $56,230, with the highest 10% earning over $94,450. Employment is projected to grow much faster than average due to increased awareness of mental health and addiction issues, plus expanded insurance coverage for behavioral health services. Geographic demand is highest in urban areas with comprehensive healthcare systems, though rural regions face critical shortages. Treatment facilities, outpatient clinics, and residential programs represent the largest employment sectors.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
This role has low automation risk due to the critical need for human empathy, complex problem-solving, and therapeutic relationship building that cannot be replicated by technology. While electronic health records and assessment tools support documentation and screening processes, the core counseling functions require human judgment and emotional intelligence that remain irreplaceable by current AI capabilities.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [skill_overlap] Mental Health Counselors (21-1014.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles share identical top skills in Active Listening (4.2 importance), Speaking (4.2), and Critical Thinking (4.1), indicating significant therapeutic skill overlap.
    data: Active Listening skill scores
    data: Therapy and Counseling knowledge overlap
    data: Similar work activities in patient care
  [riasec_cluster] Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers (21-1023.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both occupations have dominant Social orientation (S:6.66 for substance abuse counselors) and similar Investigative secondary patterns, reflecting shared people-helping focus.
    data: RIASEC Social orientation scores
    data: Counseling knowledge requirements
    data: Client advocacy tasks
  [task_similarity] Rehabilitation Counselors (21-1015.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles involve developing treatment plans, monitoring client progress, and providing counseling services with similar work activities in assessment and intervention.
    data: Treatment planning tasks
    data: Client monitoring activities
    data: Counseling service delivery
  [knowledge_overlap] Marriage and Family Therapists (21-1013.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Shared expertise in Therapy and Counseling (5.0 importance) and Psychology knowledge, with both roles requiring family counseling capabilities.
    data: Therapy and Counseling knowledge scores
    data: Family counseling tasks
    data: Psychology knowledge requirements
  [career_pathway] Clinical and Counseling Psychologists (19-3033.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Substance abuse counselors with advanced education can transition to psychology roles, sharing assessment and therapeutic intervention capabilities.
    data: Master's degree education pathways
    data: Assessment and diagnostic skills
    data: Therapeutic intervention methods
  [job_zone] Healthcare Social Workers (21-1022.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both require Job Zone 5 extensive preparation and share healthcare system navigation and client advocacy responsibilities.
    data: Job Zone 5 classification
    data: Healthcare system liaison tasks
    data: Client advocacy functions
  [transferable_skill] Recreational Therapists (29-1125.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Shared transferable skills in Social Perceptiveness (4.1 importance) and Service Orientation support therapeutic relationship building across both roles.
    data: Social Perceptiveness skill scores
    data: Service Orientation abilities
    data: Therapeutic relationship skills

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['substance abuse counselor', 'addiction counselor', 'behavioral disorder counselor', 'alcohol counselor', 'drug counselor', 'addiction therapist', 'substance abuse specialist', 'addiction recovery specialist']
  exclude_keywords : ['psychiatrist', 'psychologist', 'social worker', 'nurse', 'physician']
  title_patterns   : ['addiction counselor', 'substance abuse counselor', 'behavioral counselor', 'drug and alcohol counselor', 'addiction specialist']
  common_variations: ['addiction counselor', 'substance abuse counselor', 'behavioral disorder counselor', 'alcohol and drug counselor', 'addiction therapist', 'substance abuse specialist', 'addiction recovery counselor', 'behavioral health counselor']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['substance', 'others', 'tendency', 'treatment', 'alcohol', 'disorder', 'drug', 'disorders', 'health', 'sud', 'services', 'social', 'clients', 'equipment', 'addiction', 'problems', 'individuals', 'programs', 'client', 'behavioral']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
substance                  86  0.01763  wikipedia            wikipedia:94%  inference:5%  dwas:1%
others                     42  0.00861  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:90%  onet_tasks:5%  wikipedia:5%
tendency                   42  0.00861  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
treatment                  41  0.00840  wikipedia            wikipedia:41%  inference:22%  onet_tasks:15%
alcohol                    40  0.00820  wikipedia            wikipedia:98%  inference:2%
disorder                   34  0.00697  wikipedia            wikipedia:94%  inference:6%
drug                       33  0.00676  wikipedia            wikipedia:82%  inference:9%  onet_tasks:3%
disorders                  32  0.00656  wikipedia            wikipedia:84%  inference:12%  onet_dimensions:3%
health                     28  0.00574  wikipedia            wikipedia:68%  inference:14%  onet_tasks:11%
sud                        28  0.00574  wikipedia            wikipedia:96%  inference:4%
services                   24  0.00492  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:25%  dwas:25%  wikipedia:21%
social                     24  0.00492  wikipedia            wikipedia:42%  onet_dimensions:21%  dwas:21%
clients                    23  0.00471  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:43%  dwas:39%  inference:13%
equipment                  23  0.00471  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
addiction                  21  0.00430  wikipedia            wikipedia:76%  inference:19%  onet_tasks:5%
problems                   19  0.00389  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:47%  wikipedia:47%  onet_tasks:5%
individuals                18  0.00369  wikipedia            wikipedia:61%  inference:17%  onet_tasks:11%
programs                   18  0.00369  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:22%  onet_dimensions:22%  dwas:22%
client                     17  0.00348  dwas                 dwas:53%  inference:24%  onet_tasks:18%
behavioral                 17  0.00348  wikipedia            wikipedia:71%  inference:24%  onet_dimensions:6%
control                    17  0.00348  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:71%  wikipedia:24%  inference:6%
indigenous                 17  0.00348  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
mental                     16  0.00328  wikipedia            wikipedia:69%  onet_tasks:12%  inference:12%
needs                      16  0.00328  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:50%  dwas:44%  inference:6%
principles                 16  0.00328  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
includes                   16  0.00328  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:75%  wikipedia:19%  inference:6%
physical                   15  0.00307  wikipedia            wikipedia:53%  onet_dimensions:40%  onet_tasks:7%
human                      15  0.00307  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:47%  wikipedia:40%  inference:13%
individual                 15  0.00307  wikipedia            wikipedia:73%  onet_dimensions:13%  dwas:7%
abuse                      15  0.00307  wikipedia            wikipedia:80%  inference:13%  dwas:7%
include                    15  0.00307  wikipedia            wikipedia:93%  inference:7%
patients                   14  0.00287  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:43%  dwas:29%  wikipedia:21%
records                    14  0.00287  wikipedia            wikipedia:64%  onet_tasks:14%  onet_dimensions:7%
ways                       13  0.00266  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:54%  wikipedia:46%
substances                 13  0.00266  wikipedia            wikipedia:92%  onet_dimensions:8%
deaths                     13  0.00266  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
factors                    13  0.00266  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
plans                      12  0.00246  dwas                 dwas:33%  onet_tasks:25%  onet_dimensions:17%
changes                    12  0.00246  wikipedia            wikipedia:58%  onet_dimensions:25%  onet_tasks:17%
professionals              12  0.00246  dwas                 dwas:42%  onet_tasks:25%  inference:25%