[Core] [27% incumbents] Advocate for clients or patients to resolve crises.
  DWAs: Intervene in crisis situations to assist clients.

[Core] [27% incumbents] Educate clients about end-of-life symptoms and options to assist them in making informed decisions.
  DWAs: Confer with clients to discuss treatment plans or progress. | Counsel clients or patients regarding personal issues.

[Core] [27% incumbents] Collaborate with other professionals to evaluate patients' medical or physical condition and to assess client needs.
  DWAs: Collaborate with other professionals to assess client needs or plan treatments.

[Core] [27% incumbents] Refer patient, client, or family to community resources to assist in recovery from mental or physical illness and to provide access to services such as financial assistance, legal aid, housing, job placement or education.
  DWAs: Refer individuals to educational or work programs. | Refer clients to community or social service programs.

[Core] [27% incumbents] Utilize consultation data and social work experience to plan and coordinate client or patient care and rehabilitation, following through to ensure service efficacy.
  DWAs: Develop treatment plans for patients or clients.

[Core] [27% incumbents] Monitor, evaluate, and record client progress according to measurable goals described in treatment and care plan.
  DWAs: Monitor clients to evaluate treatment progress. | Maintain client records.

[Core] [27% incumbents] Identify environmental impediments to client or patient progress through interviews and review of patient records.
  DWAs: Collect information about clients. | Interview clients to gather information about their backgrounds, needs, or progress. | Evaluate potential problems in home or work environments of clients.

[Core] [27% incumbents] Counsel clients and patients in individual and group sessions to help them overcome dependencies, recover from illness, and adjust to life.
  DWAs: Counsel clients or patients with substance abuse issues.

[Core] [27% incumbents] Plan discharge from care facility to home or other care facility.
  DWAs: Develop treatment plans for patients or clients.

[Core] [27% incumbents] Organize support groups or counsel family members to assist them in understanding, dealing with, and supporting the client or patient.
  DWAs: Counsel family members of clients or patients.

[Core] [27% incumbents] Modify treatment plans to comply with changes in clients' status.
  DWAs: Modify treatment plans to accommodate client needs.

[Core] [27% incumbents] Supervise and direct other workers providing services to clients or patients.
  DWAs: Supervise workers providing client or patient services.

[Core] [27% incumbents] Plan and conduct programs to combat social problems, prevent substance abuse, or improve community health and counseling services.
  DWAs: Plan programs to address community health issues.

[Supplemental] [27% incumbents] Investigate child abuse or neglect cases and take authorized protective action when necessary.
  DWAs: Investigate legal issues.

[Supplemental] [27% incumbents] Oversee Medicaid- and Medicare-related paperwork and recordkeeping in hospitals.
  DWAs: Complete documentation required by programs or regulations.

[Core] [26% incumbents] Develop or advise on social policy and assist in community development.
  DWAs: Advise others on social or educational issues.

[Core] [25% incumbents] Conduct social research to advance knowledge in the social work field.
  DWAs: Conduct research on social issues.

[EMERGING:New] Conduct psychological assessment of clients.

--- SKILLS ---
  Speaking (imp:4.12 lvl:4.25) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Reading Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.25) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Active Listening (imp:4.00 lvl:4.75) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Critical Thinking (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Writing (imp:3.88 lvl:4.12) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Active Learning (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Monitoring (imp:3.25 lvl:3.88) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Learning Strategies (imp:3.12 lvl:3.62) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Science (imp:2.62 lvl:2.62) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
  Mathematics (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — Using mathematics to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Psychology (imp:4.89 lvl:6.26) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:4.74 lvl:6.56) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:4.37 lvl:4.96) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  English Language (imp:4.37 lvl:4.81) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:3.93 lvl:5.81) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Education and Training (imp:3.52 lvl:4.44) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:3.15 lvl:4.37) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Administrative (imp:3.04 lvl:3.37) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Law and Government (imp:2.96 lvl:3.37) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Administration and Management (imp:2.93 lvl:3.37) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:2.93 lvl:2.59) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Computers and Electronics (imp:2.70 lvl:2.93) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Public Safety and Security (imp:2.70 lvl:2.30) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Communications and Media (imp:2.63 lvl:3.04) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:2.37 lvl:3.04) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Transportation (imp:2.27 lvl:2.30) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Biology (imp:2.22 lvl:2.22) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Foreign Language (imp:2.15 lvl:1.85) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  History and Archeology (imp:2.11 lvl:1.81) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Economics and Accounting (imp:1.93 lvl:1.85) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Telecommunications (imp:1.93 lvl:1.04) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Mathematics (imp:1.85 lvl:1.85) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Sales and Marketing (imp:1.67 lvl:1.59) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Geography (imp:1.63 lvl:1.59) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Chemistry (imp:1.44 lvl:1.00) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Production and Processing (imp:1.37 lvl:0.74) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Fine Arts (imp:1.30 lvl:0.74) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
  Mechanical (imp:1.26 lvl:0.59) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Physics (imp:1.26 lvl:0.48) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Food Production (imp:1.15 lvl:0.37) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
  Engineering and Technology (imp:1.15 lvl:0.37) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Building and Construction (imp:1.08 lvl:0.15) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Design (imp:1.07 lvl:0.19) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 

--- ABILITIES ---
  Oral Expression (imp:4.12 lvl:4.62) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Oral Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.88) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Written Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.25) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:4.00 lvl:4.38) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:4.00 lvl:4.12) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Speech Recognition (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Speech Clarity (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Written Expression (imp:3.88 lvl:4.12) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:3.75 lvl:4.12) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Information Ordering (imp:3.38 lvl:3.62) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Originality (imp:3.00 lvl:3.62) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.00 lvl:3.50) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Selective Attention (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Near Vision (imp:3.00 lvl:3.50) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Memorization (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Far Vision (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Time Sharing (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Perceptual Speed (imp:2.50 lvl:2.88) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Trunk Strength (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Number Facility (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Visualization (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Finger Dexterity (imp:1.88 lvl:1.62) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Response Orientation (imp:1.88 lvl:1.38) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Reaction Time (imp:1.88 lvl:1.62) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Stamina (imp:1.88 lvl:1.00) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.75 lvl:1.00) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:1.75 lvl:0.88) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:1.75 lvl:0.88) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:1.62 lvl:0.62) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Static Strength (imp:1.62 lvl:0.88) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:1.62 lvl:1.12) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:1.62 lvl:1.25) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Manual Dexterity (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:1.50 lvl:0.75) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Extent Flexibility (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Control Precision (imp:1.25 lvl:0.25) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.25 lvl:0.25) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Dynamic Strength (imp:1.25 lvl:0.25) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Depth Perception (imp:1.25 lvl:0.38) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Spatial Orientation (imp:1.00) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:1.00) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Rate Control (imp:1.00) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo
  Night Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Sound Localization (imp:1.00) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:4.70 lvl:6.22) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:4.52 lvl:5.81) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Getting Information (imp:4.48 lvl:4.30) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:4.44 lvl:4.89) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:4.33 lvl:4.85) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:4.30 lvl:4.74) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:4.22 lvl:4.67) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:4.22 lvl:5.15) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:4.15 lvl:5.07) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:4.04 lvl:4.63) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Working with Computers (imp:3.85 lvl:3.15) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:3.81 lvl:4.48) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:3.81 lvl:3.74) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:3.59 lvl:3.52) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:3.56 lvl:4.33) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Thinking Creatively (imp:3.52 lvl:4.15) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:3.52 lvl:4.00) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:3.48 lvl:4.33) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:3.48 lvl:4.41) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:3.44 lvl:3.78) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:3.44 lvl:4.52) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:3.37 lvl:3.56) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:3.33 lvl:4.04) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.22 lvl:3.33) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:3.19 lvl:3.70) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:3.11 lvl:3.44) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Processing Information (imp:3.00 lvl:3.30) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:2.96 lvl:3.44) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:2.93 lvl:3.23) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:2.56 lvl:3.04) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:2.56 lvl:3.19) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:2.44 lvl:2.48) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:2.11 lvl:2.04) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:2.11 lvl:1.26) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:2.00 lvl:1.74) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:1.81 lvl:1.38) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:1.70 lvl:1.59) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:1.38 lvl:0.81) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:1.35 lvl:0.50) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:1.31 lvl:0.50) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:1.22 lvl:0.48) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Attention to Detail (imp:10.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Integrity (imp:9.00) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Cooperation (imp:8.00) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Social Orientation (imp:7.00) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Self-Control (imp:6.00) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Stress Tolerance (imp:5.00) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Empathy (imp:4.00) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Adaptability (imp:3.00) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Empathy (imp:3.00) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation (imp:3.00) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Sincerity (imp:2.89) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Dependability (imp:2.65) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Social Orientation (imp:2.47) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Stress Tolerance (imp:2.36) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Integrity (imp:2.32) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Optimism (imp:2.31) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Self-Control (imp:2.22) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Adaptability (imp:2.21) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.11) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Optimism (imp:2.00) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Achievement Orientation (imp:1.89) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Initiative (imp:1.89) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Perseverance (imp:1.87) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Cautiousness (imp:1.72) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:1.64) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:1.64) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Leadership Orientation (imp:1.61) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Self-Confidence (imp:1.60) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Humility (imp:1.49) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Innovation (imp:1.41) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Sincerity (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Achievement Orientation () — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Intellectual Curiosity () — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Cautiousness () — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Dependability () — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:4.25 lvl:5.12) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Service Orientation (imp:4.12 lvl:4.38) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Coordination (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:3.88 lvl:3.88) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:3.62 lvl:3.88) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Persuasion (imp:3.25 lvl:3.75) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Negotiation (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Systems Evaluation (imp:3.12 lvl:3.62) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Time Management (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Instructing (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Operations Analysis (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Systems Analysis (imp:2.75 lvl:2.50) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Management of Material Resources (imp:1.75 lvl:0.88) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Technology Design (imp:1.62 lvl:0.75) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Programming (imp:1.62 lvl:0.75) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Operations Monitoring (imp:1.62 lvl:0.88) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Operation and Control (imp:1.62 lvl:0.88) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:1.62 lvl:0.88) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:1.62 lvl:0.75) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Equipment Selection (imp:1.00) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.00) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Troubleshooting (imp:1.00) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Repairing (imp:1.00) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 187,630
  annual_median    : $67,880
  annual_pct10     : $46,220
  annual_pct25     : $56,710
  annual_pct75     : $82,240
  annual_pct90     : $100,360
  annual_mean      : $71,790
  hourly_median    : $32.63

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : District of Columbia ($94,100)
  lowest_state     : Puerto Rico ($36,050)
  dispersion_ratio : 2.610x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (53 total) ---
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:  155,130  median: $  69,140
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:   11,750  median: $  62,720
  Finance and Insurance                    emp:    6,070  median: $  77,370
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:    4,000  median: $  57,200
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:    3,900  median: $  59,220
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:    2,610  median: $  58,990
  Educational Services                     emp:    2,550  median: $  76,120
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:    1,180  median: $  80,940
  Retail Trade                             emp:      210  median: $  58,520

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (9 total) ---
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:  155,130  median: $  69,140
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:   11,750  median: $  62,720
  Finance and Insurance                    emp:    6,070  median: $  77,370
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:    4,000  median: $  57,200
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:    3,900  median: $  59,220
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:    2,610  median: $  58,990
  Educational Services                     emp:    2,550  median: $  76,120
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:    1,180  median: $  80,940
  Retail Trade                             emp:      210  median: $  58,520

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Medical social work
match_score        : 0.6818
wikidata_qid       : Q1367216
word_count         : 2,594
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_social_work
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T20:59:15.386499Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
Medical social work is a sub-discipline of social work that addresses social components of medicine. Medical social workers typically work in a hospital, outpatient clinic, community health agency, skilled nursing facility, long-term care facility or hospice. They work with patients and their families in need of psychosocial help. Medical social workers assess the psychosocial functioning of patients and families and intervene as necessary. The role of a medical social worker is to "restore balance in an individual’s personal, family and social life, in order to help that person maintain or recover his/her health and strengthen his/her ability to adapt and reintegrate into society." Interventions may include connecting patients and families to necessary resources and support in the community such as preventive care; providing psychotherapy, supportive counseling, or grief counseling; or helping a patient to expand and strengthen their network of social supports. In short, a medical social worker provides services in three domains: intake and psychosocial assessment, case management and supportive therapy, and discharge planning and ongoing care that extends after hospitalization. They are also involved in patient and staff education, as well as with policy research for health programs. Professionals in this field typically work with other disciplines such as medicine, nursing, physical, occupational, speech, and recreational therapy.


== History ==
The history of medical social work is intertwined with the history of social medicine, and developed as a profession throughout as more individuals and scholars began acknowledging the fact that external factors affect patients' health. With medical social work, initiatives like the Anti-Tuberculosis Crusade, the Clean Milk Crusade, the Pure Food Law, the Playground Association, and the School of Hygiene emerged.


=== Britain ===
Medical social workers in Britain and Ireland were originally known as hospital almoners or "lady almoners" until the profession was officially renamed medical social work in the 1960s. In 1895, Mary Stewart became the first lady almoner in Britain with her appointment to the Royal Free Hospital in London for a three-month trial period. Some sources credit Anne Cummins as the "mother of almoners" as she had the ability and the funding to first establish a comprehensive social work service at St Thomas's Hospital in London in 1909. Lady almoners determined the patient's ability to contribute towards their own medical care at charity hospitals. This approach was also followed by Australia during its vassal period with Great Britain. They adopted an approach similar to strength-based case management, and formal education for almoners was introduced in Australia in the early 1920s to carry out the required tasks.
In 1922, the Institute of Hospital Almoners in Britain was formed. A group focusing on the application of psychology to the treatment of mental illness separated from it and established the Association of Psychiatric Social Workers, largely due to the mental health courses provided by the London School of Economics in 1929. In 1964, two separate professional bodies of Hospital Almoners, one an institute and the other an association, merged to become the Institute of Medical Social Workers. These professional groups later merged with the British Association of Social Workers, which was formed in 1970. In Britain, medical social workers were transferred from the National Health Service (NHS) into local authority Social Services Departments in 1974 and generally became known as hospital social workers.


=== China ===
Medical social work was started in 1921 by Ida Pruitt in Beijing. In-service training was given to social workers for carrying out casework, adoption services and recuperation services.


=== India ===
Dr. Clifford Manshardt, an American missionary in 1936, started formal training in social work in India through Dorabji Tata Graduate School of Social Work. The first medical social worker was appointed in 1946 in J.J. Hospital, Bombay. In 1960s scope of medical social workers increased in India.


=== Ireland ===
In Ireland, the origins of medical social work go back to paediatrician Ella Webb, the first physician in Ireland to appoint almoners to work in her dispensary for sick children that she established in the Adelaide Hospital in Dublin, and to Winifred Alcock, the first almoner appointed by Webb in 1918.


=== Singapore ===
Almoners from St Thomas’ Hospital, London, who arrived in Singapore in 1948 and 1949 are recognized as the forerunners of hospital social worker's in Singapore. Medical Social Worker is a Singapore Ministry of Health recognized profession for psychosocial care and a required professional by bylaw in every clinical specialty department.


=== United States ===
Historically, social workers began engaging independently in the healthcare field much earlier than medical social work, as both public health and social work developed in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, a consequence of the desire for social and political reform in the Progressive Era.
Two key events central to the development of public health and social work were 1) the settlement house movement, and 2) the charity organization movement. The settlement house movement was focused on developing community centers to address issues of impoverishment, overcrowding, immigration, and child labor in urban areas. The charity organization movement utilized casework to assist impoverished individuals in pulling themselves out of poverty instead of relying on the government to supply basic needs.
At the same time, medicine was beginning to recognize the influence of socio-politico-economic factors on health. With this came the emergence of 2 prominent medical models, the first being a “clinical medicine model” that focused on medical knowledge, and the second being a more public health and sociology-focused “population medicine model”.
The Massachusetts General Hospital was the first American hospital to have professional social workers on site, in the early 1900s. Garnet I. Pelton, Ida Maud Cannon and Dr. Richard Clarke Cabot were the central figures of the hospital social work. Clarke credited his approach as similar to that of Anne Cummins in London, and noted that the active efforts to combat preventable diseases emerged through the actions of social workers. The establishment of medical social work services in the United States is likewise attributed to the inspirational and insightful efforts of the Society for the Aftercare of the Insane in England, the reorganization of Lady Almoners' work by C.S. Loch and Colonel Montefiore, the visiting nurses who conducted the final medical tasks of the hospitals, and the social service training Dr. Charles P. Emerson provided to medical students at Johns Hopkins University.
Cannon started specific training for medical social workers in 1912. The major duties carried out by medical social workers were case management, data collection, follow ups, care coordination, health education, financial assessment and discounting patient medical fees.  Cabot and Cannon’s efforts to introduce medical social work as a profession were met by significant resistance from other health professionals and hospital administration, who disagreed on the need for social services and wanted to exert more control over the healthcare environment. This would launch an ongoing debate regarding the professionalization and legitimacy of medical social work in the US.
Between 1918 and 1939—between the two World Wars—the practice of medicine reverted back to a focus on the “medical model” and technical knowledge. This led to more funding and recognition for physicians, and less of a demand for social services and reform by the public. Consequently, to maintain their position in healthcare settings, medical social workers took on more clinical and technical funct

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Health professional (similarity: 0.5455)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_professional
  QID: Q11974939
  Extract: A health professional, healthcare professional (HCP), or healthcare worker is a provider of health care treatment and advice based on formal training and experience. The field includes those who work as a nurse, physician, perfusionist, physician assistant, registered dietitian, emergency medical te

  Title: Universal health care (similarity: 0.4348)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_health_care
  QID: Q3274205
  Extract: Universal health care is a health care system in which all residents of a particular country or region are assured access to health care. It is generally organized around providing either all residents or only those who cannot afford on their own, with either health services or the means to acquire 

  Title: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers (similarity: 0.4615)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_healthcare_workers
  QID: Q94981621
  Extract: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted healthcare workers physically and psychologically. Healthcare workers are more vulnerable to COVID-19 infection than the general population due to frequent contact with positive COVID-19 patients. Healthcare workers have been required to work under stressful condit

  Title: List of credentials in psychology (similarity: 0.3448)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_credentials_in_psychology
  QID: Q17087665
  Extract: This list is of professional and academic credentials in the field of psychology and allied fields in United States of America, including education, counseling, social work, and family therapy.

  Title: Qualifications for professional social work (similarity: 0.5294)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualifications_for_professional_social_work
  QID: Q7268642
  Extract: Professional social workers are generally considered those who hold a professional degree in social work. In a number of countries and jurisdictions, registration or licensure of people working as social workers is required and there are mandated qualifications. In other places, the professional ass

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : High confidence supported by comprehensive O*NET data with detailed skills, knowledge, abilities, and work activities. Strong wage data from BLS OEWS May 2025 and clear educational requirements provide robust market intelligence.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T16:28:52.812399+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,779
tokens_output        : 4,477
cost_usd             : $0.049134
wikipedia_used       : True
wikipedia_title      : Medical social work
wikipedia_note       : The Wikipedia entry for 'Medical social work' directly describes this occupation's sub-discipline focus on addressing social components of medicine within healthcare settings. The entry confirms the typical work environments of hospitals, outpatient clinics, and long-term care facilities mentioned in the O*NET data.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Healthcare Social Workers provide psychosocial support to individuals, families, and groups coping with chronic, acute, or terminal illnesses within healthcare settings. They serve as vital bridges between medical care and psychosocial wellbeing, offering counseling, advocacy, and care coordination services. These professionals work primarily in hospitals, outpatient clinics, skilled nursing facilities, and hospices to address the emotional and social challenges that accompany medical conditions.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
Healthcare Social Workers begin their day reviewing patient charts and coordinating with medical teams to assess psychosocial needs of new admissions. They conduct individual and group counseling sessions with patients and families, helping them understand diagnoses, treatment options, and end-of-life decisions. Much of their time involves advocating for clients in crisis situations, resolving conflicts between patients and healthcare systems, and facilitating difficult family meetings. They document patient progress meticulously, develop comprehensive discharge plans, and make referrals to community resources for ongoing support. Administrative tasks include maintaining detailed case records, participating in interdisciplinary team meetings, and collaborating with insurance providers to ensure continuity of care.

WHO THRIVES:
Individuals who excel as Healthcare Social Workers possess exceptional emotional intelligence and social perceptiveness, enabling them to navigate complex family dynamics during medical crises. They demonstrate remarkable attention to detail and integrity when handling sensitive patient information and making critical care decisions. Successful practitioners exhibit strong cooperation skills for working within interdisciplinary medical teams, combined with self-control to maintain professional boundaries in emotionally charged situations. These professionals must have excellent oral communication abilities to facilitate difficult conversations about illness, death, and care options while maintaining compassion and clarity.

CAREER ENTRY:
Healthcare Social Work requires a Master's degree in Social Work (MSW) with specialized coursework in medical social work, psychology, and healthcare systems, as indicated by 70.4% of practitioners holding this credential. Many programs include supervised fieldwork placements in healthcare settings to develop clinical skills. Entry-level positions typically require state licensure as a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) or Licensed Master Social Worker (LMSW). Some healthcare facilities prefer candidates with additional certifications such as Certified Social Worker in Health Care (C-SWHC) or specialized training in areas like hospice care or pediatric social work.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Healthcare Social Workers can advance to supervisory roles overseeing social work departments in large medical centers or specialize in areas like organ transplant coordination, oncology, or pediatric care. Many transition to program management positions, developing and implementing psychosocial care protocols across healthcare systems. Advanced practitioners may pursue doctoral degrees to enter academia, research, or policy development roles focusing on healthcare social work practice and outcomes.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
The BLS OEWS May 2025 reports median annual wages of $67,880 for Healthcare Social Workers, with a range from $46,220 to $100,360, reflecting significant variation based on geographic location and healthcare setting. Employment of 187,630 workers is concentrated primarily in Health Care and Social Assistance (155,130 employed), with additional opportunities in government settings (11,750 employed). Geographic dispersion shows substantial wage variation, with the District of Columbia offering the highest compensation at $94,100 compared to Puerto Rico's $36,050, representing a 2.61x ratio. The aging population and increasing complexity of healthcare delivery systems suggest continued strong demand for these professionals.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
Healthcare Social Workers face low automation risk due to the deeply interpersonal nature of their core work activities, particularly assisting and caring for others, establishing interpersonal relationships, and resolving conflicts through negotiation. While electronic health records and case management software may streamline documentation processes, the essential human elements of empathy, cultural sensitivity, and complex problem-solving in crisis situations cannot be automated.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [skill_overlap] Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers (21-1023.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles share identical top skills including Speaking (4.1/4.2), Active Listening (4.0/4.8), and Critical Thinking (4.0/4.0) with similar counseling and therapy knowledge requirements.
    data: Speaking skill importance 4.1
    data: Active Listening level 4.8
    data: Therapy and Counseling knowledge level 6.6
  [knowledge_overlap] Mental Health Counselors (21-1014.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both professions require extensive Psychology knowledge (4.9 importance) and Therapy and Counseling expertise (4.7 importance, 6.6 level) for providing psychosocial support.
    data: Psychology knowledge importance 4.9
    data: Therapy and Counseling importance 4.7
    data: Social Perceptiveness transferable skill 4.2
  [riasec_cluster] Child, Family, and School Social Workers (21-1021.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles exhibit identical Social-dominant RIASEC profiles with strong helping orientation, as evidenced by the dominant Social (6.92) and secondary Investigative (4.24) interests.
    data: RIASEC Social score 6.92
    data: Social Orientation work style importance 7.0
    data: Assisting and Caring for Others activity importance 4.7
  [task_similarity] Clinical and Counseling Psychologists (19-3033.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both roles involve counseling clients in individual and group sessions and conducting psychological assessments, with shared emphasis on mental health evaluation and treatment planning.
    data: Counsel clients in individual and group sessions task
    data: Emerging task: Conduct psychological assessment
    data: Psychology knowledge level 6.3
  [career_pathway] Social and Human Service Assistants (21-1093.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Social and Human Service Assistants often advance to Healthcare Social Worker positions after obtaining required master's degree education, sharing core service orientation and client advocacy functions.
    data: Service Orientation transferable skill 4.1
    data: Job Zone 5 extensive preparation
    data: Master's degree requirement 70.4%

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['healthcare social worker', 'medical social worker', 'hospital social worker', 'clinical social worker', 'patient advocate', 'discharge planner', 'health care social worker', 'social worker healthcare']
  exclude_keywords : ['school social worker', 'child welfare', 'community organizer', 'policy analyst', 'research social worker']
  title_patterns   : ['Healthcare Social Worker', 'Medical Social Worker', 'Clinical Social Worker', 'Hospital Social Worker', 'Patient Services Social Worker']
  common_variations: ['health care social worker', 'medical social work', 'clinical social work', 'hospital social work', 'patient advocacy', 'discharge planning', 'healthcare SW', 'medical SW']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['social', 'medical', 'health', 'care', 'tendency', 'healthcare', 'others', 'hospital', 'services', 'equipment', 'patients', 'needs', 'clients', 'patient', 'principles', 'resources', 'management', 'programs', 'control', 'association']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
social                    145  0.03473  wikipedia            wikipedia:77%  inference:14%  onet_tasks:3%
medical                    79  0.01892  wikipedia            wikipedia:87%  inference:10%  onet_tasks:1%
health                     58  0.01389  wikipedia            wikipedia:90%  inference:5%  onet_tasks:2%
care                       51  0.01222  wikipedia            wikipedia:67%  inference:22%  onet_tasks:8%
tendency                   42  0.01006  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
healthcare                 42  0.01006  wikipedia            wikipedia:60%  inference:40%
others                     40  0.00958  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:95%  dwas:2%  inference:2%
hospital                   27  0.00647  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
services                   26  0.00623  wikipedia            wikipedia:58%  onet_dimensions:23%  onet_tasks:12%
equipment                  24  0.00575  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:96%  wikipedia:4%
patients                   22  0.00527  wikipedia            wikipedia:45%  dwas:23%  onet_tasks:18%
needs                      21  0.00503  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:38%  wikipedia:38%  dwas:14%
clients                    20  0.00479  dwas                 dwas:60%  onet_tasks:30%  onet_dimensions:5%
patient                    17  0.00407  wikipedia            wikipedia:47%  onet_tasks:29%  inference:18%
principles                 17  0.00407  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:94%  wikipedia:6%
resources                  16  0.00383  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:56%  wikipedia:31%  onet_tasks:6%
management                 15  0.00359  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:47%  wikipedia:40%  inference:13%
programs                   14  0.00335  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:29%  dwas:29%  wikipedia:29%
control                    14  0.00335  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:86%  wikipedia:7%  inference:7%
association                14  0.00335  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
treatment                  13  0.00311  dwas                 dwas:38%  onet_dimensions:23%  onet_tasks:15%
includes                   13  0.00311  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:92%  wikipedia:8%
public                     13  0.00311  wikipedia            wikipedia:69%  onet_dimensions:31%
community                  12  0.00287  wikipedia            wikipedia:50%  onet_tasks:25%  dwas:17%
providing                  12  0.00287  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:58%  wikipedia:25%  onet_tasks:8%
objects                    12  0.00287  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
professionals              11  0.00264  wikipedia            wikipedia:55%  inference:27%  onet_tasks:9%
problems                   11  0.00264  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:82%  onet_tasks:9%  dwas:9%
human                      11  0.00264  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:64%  wikipedia:27%  inference:9%
ideas                      11  0.00264  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
activities                 11  0.00264  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:82%  wikipedia:9%  inference:9%
physical                   10  0.00239  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:60%  onet_tasks:20%  wikipedia:20%
client                     10  0.00239  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:60%  dwas:40%
individuals                10  0.00239  wikipedia            wikipedia:50%  onet_dimensions:20%  inference:20%
medicine                   10  0.00239  wikipedia            wikipedia:80%  onet_dimensions:10%  inference:10%
techniques                 10  0.00239  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
materials                  10  0.00239  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
body                       10  0.00239  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
developing                 10  0.00239  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:80%  wikipedia:10%  inference:10%
almoners                   10  0.00239  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%