[Core] [72% incumbents] Prepare and deliver lectures to undergraduate or graduate students on topics such as econometrics, price theory, and macroeconomics.
  DWAs: Teach social science courses at the college level.

[Core] [72% incumbents] Prepare course materials, such as syllabi, homework assignments, and handouts.
  DWAs: Develop instructional materials.

[Core] [72% incumbents] Plan, evaluate, and revise curricula, course content, course materials, and methods of instruction.
  DWAs: Evaluate effectiveness of educational programs. | Develop instructional objectives.

[Core] [72% incumbents] Maintain regularly scheduled office hours to advise and assist students.
  DWAs: Advise students on academic or career matters.

[Core] [72% incumbents] Select and obtain materials and supplies, such as textbooks.
  DWAs: Select educational materials or equipment. | Order instructional or library materials or equipment.

[Core] [72% incumbents] Serve on academic or administrative committees that deal with institutional policies, departmental matters, and academic issues.
  DWAs: Serve on institutional or departmental committees.

[Supplemental] [72% incumbents] Participate in campus and community events.
  DWAs: Plan community programs or activities for the general public.

[Core] [71% incumbents] Conduct research in a particular field of knowledge and publish findings in professional journals, books, or electronic media.
  DWAs: Research topics in area of expertise. | Write articles, books or other original materials in area of expertise.

[Core] [71% incumbents] Compile, administer, and grade examinations, or assign this work to others.
  DWAs: Administer tests to assess educational needs or progress. | Prepare tests. | Evaluate student work.

[Core] [71% incumbents] Maintain student attendance records, grades, and other required records.
  DWAs: Maintain student records.

[Core] [71% incumbents] Initiate, facilitate, and moderate classroom discussions.
  DWAs: Guide class discussions.

[Core] [71% incumbents] Advise students on academic and vocational curricula and on career issues.
  DWAs: Advise students on academic or career matters.

[Core] [71% incumbents] Perform administrative duties, such as serving as department head.
  DWAs: Direct department activities.

[Core] [71% incumbents] Compile bibliographies of specialized materials for outside reading assignments.
  DWAs: Compile specialized bibliographies or lists of materials.

[Core] [70% incumbents] Keep abreast of developments in the field by reading current literature, talking with colleagues, and participating in professional conferences.
  DWAs: Stay informed about current developments in field of specialization. | Attend training sessions or professional meetings to develop or maintain professional knowledge.

[Core] [70% incumbents] Evaluate and grade students' class work, assignments, and papers.
  DWAs: Evaluate student work.

[Core] [70% incumbents] Supervise undergraduate or graduate teaching, internship, and research work.
  DWAs: Supervise student research or internship work.

[Core] [70% incumbents] Collaborate with colleagues to address teaching and research issues.
  DWAs: Research topics in area of expertise.

[Core] [70% incumbents] Participate in student recruitment, registration, and placement activities.
  DWAs: Promote educational institutions or programs. | Perform student enrollment or registration activities.

[Supplemental] [70% incumbents] Provide professional consulting services to government or industry.
  DWAs: Advise educators on curricula, instructional methods, or policies.

[Supplemental] [70% incumbents] Act as advisers to student organizations.
  DWAs: Advise students on academic or career matters.

[Core] [69% incumbents] Write grant proposals to procure external research funding.
  DWAs: Write grant proposals.

--- SKILLS ---
  Speaking (imp:4.12 lvl:4.25) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Reading Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.38) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Active Listening (imp:4.00 lvl:4.12) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Writing (imp:4.00 lvl:4.12) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Critical Thinking (imp:3.88 lvl:4.12) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Learning Strategies (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Active Learning (imp:3.75 lvl:4.12) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Mathematics (imp:3.25 lvl:3.75) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Monitoring (imp:3.00 lvl:3.62) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Science (imp:2.38 lvl:2.88) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Mathematics (imp:4.51 lvl:5.54) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Education and Training (imp:4.32 lvl:5.36) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Economics and Accounting (imp:4.23 lvl:4.72) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  English Language (imp:4.13 lvl:5.02) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Computers and Electronics (imp:2.89 lvl:3.31) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Administration and Management (imp:2.88 lvl:3.44) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Law and Government (imp:2.86 lvl:3.02) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:2.76 lvl:3.67) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:2.52 lvl:2.51) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:2.51 lvl:2.78) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Administrative (imp:2.49 lvl:2.83) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Psychology (imp:2.40 lvl:3.01) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  History and Archeology (imp:2.31 lvl:2.67) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Communications and Media (imp:2.24 lvl:2.39) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Geography (imp:2.20 lvl:3.49) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Public Safety and Security (imp:2.08 lvl:1.63) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Sales and Marketing (imp:1.90 lvl:1.69) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.88 lvl:3.02) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.84 lvl:2.42) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Production and Processing (imp:1.69 lvl:1.17) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Transportation (imp:1.52 lvl:1.18) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Telecommunications (imp:1.42 lvl:0.38) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Foreign Language (imp:1.31 lvl:0.92) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Engineering and Technology (imp:1.27) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Design (imp:1.25 lvl:0.51) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Biology (imp:1.20) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Food Production (imp:1.18) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
  Building and Construction (imp:1.11) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:1.10) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Fine Arts (imp:1.09) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
  Mechanical (imp:1.02) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Physics (imp:1.02) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Chemistry (imp:1.00) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a

--- ABILITIES ---
  Oral Expression (imp:4.12 lvl:5.00) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Oral Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:5.00) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Written Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:5.00) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Written Expression (imp:4.00 lvl:5.00) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Speech Clarity (imp:4.00 lvl:4.75) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:3.88 lvl:4.12) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:3.75 lvl:4.12) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.62 lvl:3.88) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Near Vision (imp:3.50 lvl:3.88) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:3.38 lvl:3.88) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:3.38 lvl:3.75) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Information Ordering (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Number Facility (imp:3.12 lvl:4.00) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Originality (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.00 lvl:3.25) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Memorization (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Selective Attention (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Time Sharing (imp:2.75 lvl:2.50) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Far Vision (imp:2.75 lvl:3.00) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.62 lvl:2.38) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Perceptual Speed (imp:2.50 lvl:2.50) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Visualization (imp:2.50 lvl:2.62) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Trunk Strength (imp:1.88 lvl:1.25) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:1.88 lvl:1.50) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Finger Dexterity (imp:1.75 lvl:1.50) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:1.75 lvl:1.50) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Depth Perception (imp:1.62 lvl:0.62) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:1.38 lvl:0.50) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Spatial Orientation (imp:1.00) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:1.00) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Manual Dexterity (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Control Precision (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:1.00) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Response Orientation (imp:1.00) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Rate Control (imp:1.00) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Reaction Time (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Static Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Dynamic Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Stamina (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Extent Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:1.00) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:1.00) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Night Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Sound Localization (imp:1.00) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Getting Information (imp:4.71 lvl:6.09) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:4.42 lvl:5.77) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:4.37 lvl:5.86) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Thinking Creatively (imp:4.33 lvl:5.75) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:4.26 lvl:5.34) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Working with Computers (imp:4.25 lvl:3.98) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:4.17 lvl:5.57) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:4.14 lvl:5.52) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Processing Information (imp:3.95 lvl:4.96) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:3.76 lvl:4.10) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:3.72 lvl:4.72) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:3.54 lvl:4.43) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:3.49 lvl:4.69) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:3.36 lvl:4.28) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.25 lvl:3.49) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:3.19 lvl:3.68) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:3.14 lvl:3.99) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:3.08 lvl:3.23) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:3.00 lvl:2.92) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:2.92 lvl:3.39) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:2.75 lvl:2.89) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:2.72 lvl:2.90) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:2.65 lvl:2.60) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:2.55 lvl:2.81) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:2.55 lvl:2.88) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:2.53 lvl:2.60) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:2.47 lvl:2.12) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:2.43 lvl:2.83) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:2.40 lvl:2.37) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:2.33 lvl:2.48) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:2.33 lvl:2.14) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:2.02) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:2.00 lvl:2.03) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:1.90 lvl:1.90) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:1.69 lvl:1.53) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:1.61 lvl:1.22) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:1.51) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:1.49) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:1.48) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:1.45) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:1.42) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Dependability (imp:4.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:3.00) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:2.72) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Dependability (imp:2.33) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Achievement Orientation (imp:2.14) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Social Orientation (imp:2.06) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Achievement Orientation (imp:2.00) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Integrity (imp:1.99) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Attention to Detail (imp:1.92) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Innovation (imp:1.74) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Initiative (imp:1.66) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Self-Confidence (imp:1.66) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance (imp:1.61) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:1.58) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Leadership Orientation (imp:1.53) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Cooperation (imp:1.50) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Stress Tolerance (imp:1.49) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Adaptability (imp:1.44) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Control (imp:1.43) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Empathy (imp:1.30) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Sincerity (imp:1.07) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Social Orientation (imp:1.00) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Optimism (imp:0.84) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Cautiousness (imp:0.72) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Humility (imp:0.40) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Cautiousness () — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Attention to Detail () — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Integrity () — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Instructing (imp:4.00 lvl:4.25) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:3.38 lvl:3.88) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:3.25 lvl:3.62) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Systems Evaluation (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:3.00 lvl:3.50) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Systems Analysis (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Coordination (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Time Management (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Service Orientation (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:2.75 lvl:2.62) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Persuasion (imp:2.62 lvl:2.50) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Operations Analysis (imp:2.62 lvl:2.75) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Negotiation (imp:2.38 lvl:2.12) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Programming (imp:1.88 lvl:1.38) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Technology Design (imp:1.75 lvl:0.75) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Operations Monitoring (imp:1.75 lvl:1.12) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:1.75 lvl:1.12) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Management of Material Resources (imp:1.75 lvl:0.88) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:1.25 lvl:0.25) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Equipment Selection (imp:1.00) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Operation and Control (imp:1.00) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.00) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Troubleshooting (imp:1.00) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Repairing (imp:1.00) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 11,560
  annual_median    : $123,920
  annual_pct10     : $64,060
  annual_pct25     : $86,840
  annual_pct75     : $168,770
  annual_pct90     : $224,200
  annual_mean      : $138,850
  hourly_median    : N/A

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : New Hampshire ($201,610)
  lowest_state     : Arkansas ($76,610)
  dispersion_ratio : 2.632x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (42 total) ---
  Educational Services                     emp:   11,560  median: $ 123,920

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (1 total) ---
  Educational Services                     emp:   11,560  median: $ 123,920

exact_match_status : no_exact_match
matched_title      : N/A
match_score        : 0.0000
wikidata_qid       : N/A
word_count         : 0
wikipedia_url      : N/A
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T21:06:29.260494Z

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Software engineering demographics (similarity: 0.1515)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_engineering_demographics
  QID: Q7554291
  Extract: Software engineers make up a significant portion of the global workforce. As of 2022, there are an estimated 26.9 million professional software engineers worldwide, up from 21 million in 2016.

  Title: Post-secondary educational organizations in the United States (similarity: 0.2766)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-secondary_educational_organizations_in_the_United_States
  QID: Q7233580
  Extract: These organizations for post-secondary education have a common purpose and mission for advocacy in numerous areas of both institutional management and the general public interest. The organizations have specific purpose for issues from faculty unionization to public policy research and service to in

  Title: Tertiary education (similarity: 0.2745)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertiary_education
  QID: Q9166713
  Extract: Tertiary education is the educational level following the completion of secondary education. The World Bank defines tertiary education as including universities, colleges, and vocational schools. Higher education is taken to include undergraduate and postgraduate education, while vocational educatio

  Title: Internationalization of higher education (similarity: 0.3288)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalization_of_higher_education
  QID: Q11713395
  Extract: Internationalization of higher education in theory is "the process of integrating an international, intercultural, or global dimension into the purpose, functions or delivery of postsecondary education." Internationalization of higher education in practice is "the process of commercializing research

  Title: Community College Research Center (similarity: 0.2727)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_College_Research_Center
  QID: Q16950591
  Extract: The Community College Research Center (CCRC) is an independent research center that studies two-year colleges and open-access four-year institutions in the United States. Its researchers use qualitative and quantitative methods to assess programs, policies, and reforms in areas including remedial ed

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong confidence based on comprehensive O*NET data including detailed task descriptions, wage information from BLS OEWS May 2025, and clear educational requirements. The 80.8% doctoral degree requirement and specific work activities provide robust foundation for analysis.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T17:01:16.119801+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,478
tokens_output        : 4,266
cost_usd             : $0.046065
wikipedia_used       : False
wikipedia_title      : None
wikipedia_note       : No exact Wikipedia match found, with closest semantic neighbors relating to tertiary education and internationalization of higher education. The specialized nature of economics instruction at the postsecondary level lacks comprehensive coverage in available Wikipedia content.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Economics Teachers, Postsecondary are academic professionals who teach undergraduate and graduate economics courses at colleges and universities, combining instruction with research in economic theory and application. They deliver lectures on specialized topics such as econometrics, price theory, and macroeconomics while developing curricula and conducting scholarly research. This role requires extensive preparation with 80.8% holding doctoral degrees and demands high-level mathematical, analytical, and communication skills.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
A typical day involves preparing and delivering lectures on complex economic topics like econometrics and price theory to undergraduate or graduate students. They develop course materials including syllabi, homework assignments, and handouts while planning and revising curricula based on current economic trends and research. Office hours are maintained to advise students on academic and career matters, and they compile and grade examinations to assess student progress. Research activities include conducting studies in their field of expertise and publishing findings in professional journals, while also serving on academic committees that deal with institutional policies and departmental matters.

WHO THRIVES:
Individuals who excel combine high intellectual curiosity with strong dependability and achievement orientation, reflected in the role's top work styles. They possess exceptional oral and written expression abilities (importance 4.1 and 4.0 respectively) along with advanced deductive and inductive reasoning skills for analyzing complex economic data. Success requires individuals who can think creatively (importance 4.3) while maintaining systematic approaches to getting and interpreting information. Those with strong social orientation (RIASEC S:6.21) who enjoy training and teaching others while pursuing investigative work (I:5.56) in mathematical and analytical contexts tend to flourish in this environment.

CAREER ENTRY:
Entry requires extensive educational preparation with 80.8% of practitioners holding doctoral degrees in economics or related fields, with an additional 9.7% holding post-master's certificates. The role demands Job Zone 5 level preparation, indicating years of graduate study, research experience, and often teaching assistantships during doctoral programs. Candidates typically complete comprehensive examinations, dissertation research, and gain experience in both economic research methodologies and pedagogical techniques before securing faculty positions.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Career progression follows traditional academic pathways from assistant professor to associate professor with tenure, and potentially to full professor status. Many advance to administrative roles such as department chairs, deans, or provosts within higher education institutions. Alternative pathways include transitions to senior economist positions in government agencies, think tanks, or private sector consulting, leveraging their research expertise and analytical skills developed through academic careers.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
The field employs 11,560 professionals nationally with a median annual wage of $123,920 according to BLS OEWS May 2025, ranging from $64,060 to $224,200 for the 10th to 90th percentiles. Geographic variation is substantial with New Hampshire offering the highest median wage at $201,610 compared to Arkansas at $76,610, representing a 2.63x ratio difference. Employment is concentrated almost exclusively in educational services, reflecting the specialized academic nature of the role. Demand is tied to higher education enrollment trends and institutional budget allocations for economics programs.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
The role shows strong resistance to automation due to its emphasis on high-level work activities including training and teaching others (importance 4.4), thinking creatively (4.3), and interpreting information for others (4.1). The combination of complex human interaction, creative curriculum development, and sophisticated analytical interpretation of economic phenomena creates significant barriers to technological replacement. Research activities may be enhanced by AI tools for data analysis, but the core teaching, mentoring, and original research functions remain fundamentally human-centered.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [riasec_cluster] Business Teachers, Postsecondary (25-1011.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles share Social-Investigative RIASEC profiles with teaching focus and similar work activities in getting information and training others.
    data: RIASEC S:6.21, I:5.56
    data: Training and Teaching Others imp:4.4
    data: Job Zone 5
  [knowledge_overlap] Economists (19-3011.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Shared expertise in Economics and Accounting knowledge (imp:4.2) and Mathematics (imp:4.5) with similar analytical reasoning requirements.
    data: Economics and Accounting imp:4.2
    data: Mathematics imp:4.5
    data: Analyzing Data or Information imp:4.2
  [skill_overlap] Mathematical Science Teachers, Postsecondary (25-1022.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles require high-level Mathematics skills (imp:3.2 for economics teachers) and share identical teaching methodologies and academic structures.
    data: Mathematics imp:3.2, lvl:3.8
    data: Getting Information imp:4.7
    data: Doctoral Degree 80.8%
  [task_similarity] Political Science Teachers, Postsecondary (25-1065.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Identical academic work activities including preparing lectures, maintaining office hours, and conducting research in social science fields.
    data: Training and Teaching Others imp:4.4
    data: Law and Government knowledge imp:2.9
    data: Job Zone 5
  [wage_band] Sociology Teachers, Postsecondary (25-1067.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Similar academic compensation structures and employment contexts within educational services sector.
    data: Educational Services employment
    data: Median $123,920
    data: Sociology and Anthropology knowledge imp:2.8

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['economics teacher', 'economics professor', 'economics instructor', 'econometrics professor', 'agricultural economics', 'economic instructor', 'economics adjunct', 'college economics']
  exclude_keywords : ['elementary teacher', 'high school teacher', 'k-12 education', 'business analyst', 'financial advisor']
  title_patterns   : ['Economics Teacher', 'Economics Professor', 'Economics Instructor', 'Econometrics Professor', 'Assistant Professor Economics']
  common_variations: ['Economics Faculty', 'Economics Lecturer', 'Adjunct Economics Professor', 'Associate Professor Economics', 'Economic Education Specialist', 'Economics Department Faculty', 'University Economics Teacher', 'College Economics Instructor']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['others', 'tendency', 'equipment', 'research', 'materials', 'activities', 'principles', 'academic', 'students', 'includes', 'control', 'objects', 'teaching', 'techniques', 'ideas', 'orientation', 'programs', 'body', 'events', 'student']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
others                     42  0.01508  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:90%  inference:7%  onet_tasks:2%
tendency                   42  0.01508  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
equipment                  25  0.00898  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:92%  dwas:8%
research                   24  0.00862  inference            inference:42%  wikipedia:25%  onet_tasks:17%
materials                  20  0.00718  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:50%  dwas:25%  onet_tasks:20%
activities                 16  0.00575  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:56%  dwas:19%  inference:19%
principles                 16  0.00575  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
academic                   13  0.00467  inference            inference:46%  onet_tasks:23%  dwas:23%
students                   12  0.00431  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:33%  dwas:25%  wikipedia:25%
includes                   12  0.00431  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
control                    12  0.00431  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
objects                    12  0.00431  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
teaching                   11  0.00395  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:45%  inference:36%  onet_tasks:18%
techniques                 11  0.00395  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:91%  inference:9%
ideas                      11  0.00395  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
orientation                11  0.00395  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:82%  inference:18%
programs                   11  0.00395  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:36%  dwas:27%  wikipedia:18%
body                       10  0.00359  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
events                      9  0.00323  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  onet_tasks:11%
student                     9  0.00323  dwas                 dwas:56%  onet_tasks:33%  inference:11%
needs                       9  0.00323  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  dwas:11%
problems                    9  0.00323  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
human                       9  0.00323  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:78%  inference:22%
resources                   9  0.00323  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
quickly                     9  0.00323  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
educational                 9  0.00323  dwas                 dwas:44%  onet_dimensions:22%  inference:22%
developing                  9  0.00323  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  inference:11%
services                    8  0.00287  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:75%  onet_tasks:12%  inference:12%
procedures                  8  0.00287  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
monitoring                  8  0.00287  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
rules                       8  0.00287  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
management                  8  0.00287  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:88%  wikipedia:12%
production                  8  0.00287  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
standards                   8  0.00287  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
actions                     8  0.00287  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
performing                  8  0.00287  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
identifying                 8  0.00287  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
higher                      8  0.00287  wikipedia            wikipedia:62%  inference:38%
advise                      7  0.00251  dwas                 dwas:57%  onet_tasks:29%  inference:14%
administrative              7  0.00251  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:57%  onet_tasks:29%  inference:14%