[Core] [55% incumbents] Prepare sketches of ideas, detailed drawings, illustrations, artwork, or blueprints, using drafting instruments, paints and brushes, or computer-aided design equipment.
  DWAs: Draw detailed or technical illustrations.

[Core] [55% incumbents] Modify and refine designs, using working models, to conform with customer specifications, production limitations, or changes in design trends.
  DWAs: Develop artistic or design concepts for decoration, exhibition, or commercial purposes.

[Core] [55% incumbents] Evaluate feasibility of design ideas, based on factors such as appearance, safety, function, serviceability, budget, production costs/methods, and market characteristics.
  DWAs: Evaluate quality of materials or products. | Evaluate potential of products, technologies, or resources. | Evaluate characteristics of products.

[Core] [55% incumbents] Confer with engineering, marketing, production, or sales departments, or with customers, to establish and evaluate design concepts for manufactured products.
  DWAs: Collaborate with others to develop or refine designs.

[Core] [55% incumbents] Present designs and reports to customers or design committees for approval and discuss need for modification.
  DWAs: Present work to clients for approval. | Collaborate with others to develop or refine designs.

[Core] [55% incumbents] Research production specifications, costs, production materials, and manufacturing methods and provide cost estimates and itemized production requirements.
  DWAs: Estimate costs for projects or productions.

[Core] [55% incumbents] Direct and coordinate the fabrication of models or samples and the drafting of working drawings and specification sheets from sketches.
  DWAs: Coordinate construction or installation activities.

[Core] [55% incumbents] Participate in new product planning or market research, including studying the potential need for new products.
  DWAs: Conduct market research.

[Core] [55% incumbents] Read publications, attend showings, and study competing products and design styles and motifs to obtain perspective and generate design concepts.
  DWAs: Monitor current trends. | Conduct research to inform art, designs, or other work.

[Core] [55% incumbents] Fabricate models or samples in paper, wood, glass, fabric, plastic, metal, or other materials, using hand or power tools.
  DWAs: Build models, patterns, or templates.

[Supplemental] [55% incumbents] Coordinate the look and function of product lines.
  DWAs: Develop artistic or design concepts for decoration, exhibition, or commercial purposes.

[Supplemental] [55% incumbents] Supervise assistants' work throughout the design process.
  DWAs: Coordinate design activities.

[Supplemental] [55% incumbents] Design graphic material for use as ornamentation, illustration, or advertising on manufactured materials and packaging or containers.
  DWAs: Draw detailed or technical illustrations.

[Supplemental] [55% incumbents] Advise corporations on issues involving corporate image projects or problems.
  DWAs: Develop promotional strategies or plans.

[Core] [54% incumbents] Investigate product characteristics such as the product's safety and handling qualities, its market appeal, how efficiently it can be produced, and ways of distributing, using, and maintaining it.
  DWAs: Conduct market research.

[Core] [54% incumbents] Develop manufacturing procedures and monitor the manufacture of their designs in a factory to improve operations and product quality.
  DWAs: Monitor the productivity or efficiency of industrial operations. | Establish standards for products, processes, or procedures.

[Supplemental] [54% incumbents] Develop industrial standards and regulatory guidelines.
  DWAs: Develop safety standards, policies, or procedures. | Establish standards for products, processes, or procedures.

--- SKILLS ---
  Active Listening (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Reading Comprehension (imp:3.88 lvl:4.12) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Critical Thinking (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Speaking (imp:3.50 lvl:4.00) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Writing (imp:3.12 lvl:3.88) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Monitoring (imp:3.12 lvl:3.75) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Active Learning (imp:3.00 lvl:4.00) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Mathematics (imp:2.75 lvl:3.50) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Learning Strategies (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Science (imp:2.62 lvl:2.75) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Design (imp:4.71 lvl:6.02) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Engineering and Technology (imp:4.70 lvl:5.67) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Production and Processing (imp:4.04 lvl:4.60) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Mechanical (imp:4.04 lvl:4.58) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Computers and Electronics (imp:3.90 lvl:4.85) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Mathematics (imp:3.72 lvl:4.24) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  English Language (imp:3.57 lvl:3.84) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Physics (imp:3.10 lvl:3.85) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Sales and Marketing (imp:3.03 lvl:3.67) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Administrative (imp:3.01 lvl:3.80) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Administration and Management (imp:2.97 lvl:3.86) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:2.96 lvl:3.28) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Education and Training (imp:2.79 lvl:3.86) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Communications and Media (imp:2.49 lvl:2.55) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:2.44 lvl:3.06) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Chemistry (imp:2.41 lvl:2.82) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Public Safety and Security (imp:2.35 lvl:1.98) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Economics and Accounting (imp:2.17 lvl:2.04) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Building and Construction (imp:2.17 lvl:2.12) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Law and Government (imp:2.11 lvl:2.33) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Fine Arts (imp:1.89) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
  Transportation (imp:1.88 lvl:1.56) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Psychology (imp:1.84 lvl:2.03) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Biology (imp:1.76 lvl:1.49) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Telecommunications (imp:1.74 lvl:1.40) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Geography (imp:1.65 lvl:1.24) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:1.62) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.55) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:1.54) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  History and Archeology (imp:1.42) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Food Production (imp:1.25) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.25) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Foreign Language (imp:1.15) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu

--- ABILITIES ---
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Originality (imp:3.88 lvl:4.38) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Near Vision (imp:3.88 lvl:4.12) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Oral Comprehension (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Written Comprehension (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Oral Expression (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:3.75 lvl:4.62) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Visualization (imp:3.75 lvl:4.25) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:3.62 lvl:3.88) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Information Ordering (imp:3.62 lvl:3.88) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.62 lvl:3.88) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.50 lvl:3.25) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:3.38 lvl:3.88) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:3.25 lvl:3.75) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Written Expression (imp:3.12 lvl:3.88) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.12 lvl:3.88) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.12 lvl:3.75) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Selective Attention (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Far Vision (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:2.75 lvl:3.38) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Number Facility (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Perceptual Speed (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Time Sharing (imp:2.75 lvl:2.38) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Finger Dexterity (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Memorization (imp:2.50 lvl:2.62) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.25 lvl:2.25) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Manual Dexterity (imp:2.12 lvl:1.75) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Control Precision (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.12 lvl:1.88) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Depth Perception (imp:2.00 lvl:2.12) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Reaction Time (imp:1.75 lvl:1.38) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Trunk Strength (imp:1.75 lvl:1.12) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Dynamic Strength (imp:1.62 lvl:0.62) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Rate Control (imp:1.50 lvl:0.62) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Spatial Orientation (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:1.38 lvl:0.50) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Static Strength (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Response Orientation (imp:1.00) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Stamina (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Extent Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:1.00) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:1.00) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Night Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Sound Localization (imp:1.00) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:4.57 lvl:5.17) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:4.39 lvl:4.11) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Working with Computers (imp:4.38 lvl:3.70) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:4.37 lvl:4.83) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Getting Information (imp:4.19 lvl:4.27) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Thinking Creatively (imp:3.97 lvl:4.87) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:3.90 lvl:3.26) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:3.87 lvl:4.35) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:3.86 lvl:4.70) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:3.73 lvl:3.62) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:3.73 lvl:3.03) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:3.72 lvl:4.37) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:3.71 lvl:4.64) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:3.66 lvl:3.82) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Processing Information (imp:3.61 lvl:4.15) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:3.45 lvl:2.90) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:3.00 lvl:2.83) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:2.99 lvl:2.72) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:2.99 lvl:3.10) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:2.98 lvl:3.01) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:2.94 lvl:2.98) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:2.93 lvl:2.23) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:2.89 lvl:2.93) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:2.79 lvl:2.43) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:2.78 lvl:2.54) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:2.76 lvl:3.22) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:2.74 lvl:2.09) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:2.67 lvl:2.90) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:2.67 lvl:2.83) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:2.49 lvl:2.90) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:2.21 lvl:1.76) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:2.12 lvl:2.26) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:2.07 lvl:2.42) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:2.04 lvl:2.17) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:2.01 lvl:1.44) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:1.89 lvl:1.44) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:1.81 lvl:2.10) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:1.80) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:1.78 lvl:1.34) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:1.56 lvl:0.95) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:1.51 lvl:1.33) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Attention to Detail (imp:4.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:3.00) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Innovation (imp:2.80) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.28) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:2.08) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Achievement Orientation (imp:2.04) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Achievement Orientation (imp:2.00) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Adaptability (imp:1.94) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Dependability (imp:1.88) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Self-Confidence (imp:1.76) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Initiative (imp:1.56) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Perseverance (imp:1.52) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:1.49) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Cooperation (imp:1.35) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Self-Control (imp:1.22) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Social Orientation (imp:1.15) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Integrity (imp:1.10) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Leadership Orientation (imp:1.03) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Innovation (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Stress Tolerance (imp:0.97) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Sincerity (imp:0.69) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Cautiousness (imp:0.69) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Empathy (imp:0.64) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Optimism (imp:0.61) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Cautiousness () — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Dependability () — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Integrity () — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Humility (imp:-0.27) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:3.75 lvl:3.88) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Operations Analysis (imp:3.25 lvl:3.88) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:3.25 lvl:3.75) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Time Management (imp:3.25 lvl:3.12) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Coordination (imp:3.12 lvl:3.62) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Persuasion (imp:3.12 lvl:3.62) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Technology Design (imp:3.12 lvl:3.62) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Systems Analysis (imp:3.00 lvl:3.50) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Systems Evaluation (imp:3.00 lvl:3.75) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Negotiation (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Service Orientation (imp:2.88 lvl:2.38) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Instructing (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Operations Monitoring (imp:2.38 lvl:2.50) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Operation and Control (imp:2.00 lvl:1.50) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Management of Material Resources (imp:2.00 lvl:2.12) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Equipment Selection (imp:1.88 lvl:1.88) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Programming (imp:1.88 lvl:1.50) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Troubleshooting (imp:1.75 lvl:0.88) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.00) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Repairing (imp:1.00) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 33,490
  annual_median    : $83,910
  annual_pct10     : $53,460
  annual_pct25     : $66,450
  annual_pct75     : $109,050
  annual_pct90     : $139,770
  annual_mean      : $93,260
  hourly_median    : $40.34

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : Kansas ($104,870)
  lowest_state     : South Dakota ($60,110)
  dispersion_ratio : 1.745x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (41 total) ---
  Manufacturing                            emp:   11,870  median: $  79,920
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:    8,070  median: $  98,160
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:    4,580  median: $  81,740
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:    3,820  median: $ 101,570
  Retail Trade                             emp:    1,610  median: $  77,630
  Construction                             emp:      900  median: $  75,980
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:      890  median: $  91,860
  Information                              emp:      660  median: $  86,920
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:      220  median: $  79,520
  Transportation and Warehousing           emp:       80  median: $  86,170

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (11 total) ---
  Manufacturing                            emp:   11,870  median: $  79,920
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:    8,070  median: $  98,160
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:    4,580  median: $  81,740
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:    3,820  median: $ 101,570
  Retail Trade                             emp:    1,610  median: $  77,630
  Construction                             emp:      900  median: $  75,980
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:      890  median: $  91,860
  Information                              emp:      660  median: $  86,920
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:      220  median: $  79,520
  Transportation and Warehousing           emp:       80  median: $  86,170

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Industrial design
match_score        : 0.6538
wikidata_qid       : Q243606
word_count         : 3,191
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_design
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T21:20:20.314892Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
Industrial design is a process of design applied to physical products that are to be manufactured by mass production. It is the creative act of determining and defining a product's form and features, which takes place in advance of the manufacture or production of the product. Industrial manufacture consists of predetermined, standardized and repeated, often automated, acts of replication, while craft-based design is a process or approach in which the form of the product is determined personally by the product's creator largely concurrent with the act of its production.
All manufactured products are the result of a design process, but the nature of this process can vary. It can be conducted by an individual or a team, and such a team could include people with varied expertise (e.g. designers, engineers, business experts, etc.). It can emphasize intuitive creativity or calculated scientific decision-making, and often emphasizes a mix of both. It can be influenced by factors as varied as materials, production processes, business strategy, and prevailing social, commercial, or aesthetic attitudes. Industrial design, as an applied art, most often focuses on a combination of aesthetics and user-focused considerations, but also often provides solutions for problems of form, function, physical ergonomics, marketing, brand development, sustainability, and sales.


== History ==


=== Precursors ===
For several millennia before the onset of industrialization, design, technical expertise, and manufacturing was often done by individual crafts people, who determined the form of a product at the point of its creation, according to their own manual skill, the requirements of their clients, experience accumulated through their own experimentation, and knowledge passed on to them through training or apprenticeship.
The division of labour that underlies the practice of industrial design did have precedents in the pre-industrial era. The growth of trade in the medieval period led to the emergence of large workshops in cities such as Florence, Venice, Nuremberg, and Bruges, where groups of more specialized craftsmen made objects with common forms through the repetitive duplication of models which defined by their shared training and technique. Competitive pressures in the early 16th century led to the emergence in Italy and Germany of pattern books: collections of engravings illustrating decorative forms and motifs which could be applied to a wide range of products, and whose creation took place in advance of their application. The use of drawing to specify how something was to be constructed later was first developed by architects and shipwrights during the Italian Renaissance.
In the 17th century, the growth of artistic patronage in centralized monarchical states such as France led to large government-operated manufacturing operations epitomized by the Gobelins Manufactory, opened in Paris in 1667 by Louis XIV. Here teams of hundreds of craftsmen, including specialist artists, decorators and engravers, produced sumptuously decorated products ranging from tapestries and furniture to metalwork and coaches, all under the creative supervision of the King's leading artist Charles Le Brun. This pattern of large-scale royal patronage was repeated in the court porcelain factories of the early 18th century, such as the Meissen porcelain workshops established in 1709 by the Grand Duke of Saxony, where patterns from a range of sources, including court goldsmiths, sculptors, and engravers, were used as models for the vessels and figurines for which it became famous. As long as reproduction remained craft-based, however, the form and artistic quality of the product remained in the hands of the individual craftsman, and tended to decline as the scale of production increased.


=== Birth of industrial design ===
The emergence of industrial design is specifically linked to the growth of industrialization and mechanization that began with the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain in the mid 18th century. The rise of industrial manufacture changed the way objects were made, urbanization changed patterns of consumption, the growth of empires broadened tastes and diversified markets, and the emergence of a wider middle class created demand for fashionable styles from a much larger and more heterogeneous population.
The first use of the term "industrial design" is often attributed to the industrial designer Joseph Claude Sinel in 1919 (although he himself denied this in interviews), but the discipline predates 1919 by at least a decade. Christopher Dresser is considered among the first independent industrial designers. Industrial design's origins lie in the industrialization of consumer products. For instance, the Deutscher Werkbund (a precursor to the Bauhaus founded in 1907 by Peter Behrens and others) was a state-sponsored effort to integrate traditional crafts and industrial mass-production techniques, to put Germany on a competitive footing with Great Britain and the United States.
The earliest published use of the term may have been in The Art-Union, 15 September 1840.

Dyce's Report to the Board of Trade, on Foreign Schools of Design for Manufactures.
Mr. Dyce's official visit to France, Prussia, and Bavaria, for the purpose of examining the state of schools of design in those countries, will be fresh in the recollection of our readers. His report on this subject was ordered to be printed some few months since, on the motion of Mr. Hume; and it is the sum and substance of this Report that we are now about to lay before our own especial portion of the reading public.
The school of St. Peter, at Lyons, was founded about 1750, for the instruction of draftsmen employed in preparing patterns for the silk manufacture. It has been much more successful than the Paris school; and having been disorganized by the revolution, was restored by Napoleon and differently constituted, being then erected into an Academy of Fine Art: to which the study of design for silk manufacture was merely attached as a subordinate branch.

It appears that all the students who entered the school commence as if they were intended for artists in the higher sense of the word and are not expected to decide as to whether they will devote themselves to the Fine Arts or to Industrial Design, until they have completed their exercises in drawing and painting of the figure from the antique and from the living model. It is for this reason, and from the fact that artists for industrial purposes are both well-paid and highly considered (as being well-instructed men), that so many individuals in France engage themselves in both pursuits.
The Practical Draughtsman's Book of Industrial Design by Jacques-Eugène Armengaud was printed in 1853. The subtitle of the (translated) work explains, that it wants to offer a "complete course of mechanical, engineering, and architectural drawing." The study of those types of technical drawing, according to Armengaud, belongs to the field of industrial design. This work paved the way for a big expansion in the field of drawing education in France, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
Robert Lepper helped to establish one of the USA's first industrial design degree programs in 1934 at Carnegie Institute of Technology.


== Education ==
Product design and industrial design overlap in the fields of user interface design, information design, and interaction design. Various schools of industrial design specialize in one of these aspects, ranging from pure art colleges and design schools (product styling), to mixed programs of engineering and design, to related disciplines such as exhibit design and interior design, to schools that almost completely subordinated aesthetic design to concerns of usage and ergonomics, the so-called functionalist school. Except for certain functional areas of overlap between industrial design and engineering design, the former is considered an applied art while

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Chartered Society of Designers (similarity: 0.4923)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chartered_Society_of_Designers
  QID: Q5086860
  Extract: The Chartered Society of Designers (CSD) is a professional body for designers. It is the only Royal Chartered body of experienced designers. Its membership is multi-disciplinary – representing designers in all design, disciplines including Interior Design, Product Design, Graphic Design, Fashion and

  Title: Interior design (similarity: 0.4400)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interior_design
  QID: Q179232
  Extract: Interior design is the art and science of enhancing the interior of a building to achieve a healthier and more aesthetically pleasing environment for the people using the space. With a keen eye for detail and a creative flair, an interior designer is someone who plans, researches, coordinates, and m

  Title: Industrial Designers Society of America (similarity: 0.5405)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Designers_Society_of_America
  QID: Q17299899
  Extract: The Industrial Designers Society of America (IDSA) is a membership-based not-for-profit organization that promotes the practice and education of industrial design.

  Title: Joseph Claude Sinel (similarity: 0.2222)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Claude_Sinel
  QID: Q6282150
  Extract: Joseph Claude Sinel also known as Jo Sinel or "Auckland Jo", was a pioneering New-Zealand-born American industrial designer. Referred to in his lifetime and since as the father of American industrial design, he established what many regarded as the country's first industrial design practice.

  Title: Design engineer (similarity: 0.3200)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_engineer
  QID: Q1779650
  Extract: A design engineer is an engineer focused on the engineering design process in any of the various engineering disciplines and design disciplines like Human-Computer Interaction.
Design engineers tend to work on products and systems that involve adapting and using complex scientific and mathematical t

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong data foundation with comprehensive O*NET details, clear BLS wage data, and well-aligned Wikipedia context. The occupation description, tasks, and required skills/knowledge are consistently detailed across all data sources.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T17:56:26.728322+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,598
tokens_output        : 4,120
cost_usd             : $0.045289
wikipedia_used       : True
wikipedia_title      : Industrial design
wikipedia_note       : The Wikipedia match for 'Industrial design' aligns well with the occupation, defining it as a design process for physical products manufactured through mass production. This matches the O*NET description of designing manufactured products like cars, appliances, and toys.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Commercial and Industrial Designers create and develop manufactured products by combining artistic talent with technical knowledge of production processes, materials, and user needs. They design everything from automobiles and home appliances to children's toys, balancing aesthetic appeal with functionality and manufacturability. These professionals work at the intersection of art, engineering, and business to create products that are both visually compelling and commercially viable.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
A typical day involves preparing detailed sketches, blueprints, and technical illustrations using both traditional drafting instruments and modern design software like Adobe Creative Cloud. They spend significant time conferring with engineering, marketing, and production teams to establish design requirements and evaluate feasibility based on appearance, safety, function, and budget constraints. Much of their work involves modifying and refining designs using working models to meet customer specifications and production limitations. They also research production specifications, costs, and manufacturing methods while staying current with competing products and design trends through publications and industry showings. Presentations to clients or design committees for approval are frequent, often requiring iterations based on feedback.

WHO THRIVES:
Individuals who excel in this field possess strong artistic abilities combined with high fluency of ideas and originality, as evidenced by the top-tier importance of these cognitive abilities. They demonstrate exceptional attention to detail while maintaining intellectual curiosity about materials, manufacturing processes, and market trends. Successful commercial and industrial designers have excellent visualization skills and near vision capabilities essential for detailed technical work. They thrive on creative thinking and innovation while being able to communicate effectively both orally and in writing with diverse stakeholders including engineers, marketers, and clients.

CAREER ENTRY:
Entry into this field typically requires a bachelor's degree, with 67.9% of professionals holding this credential according to education distribution data. Common degree programs include industrial design, product design, engineering, or related fields that combine artistic training with technical knowledge. Some professionals enter with associate's degrees (12.3%) or some college coursework (15.2%), particularly if they have strong portfolios and relevant experience. The Job Zone 4 classification indicates considerable preparation is needed, often including internships or portfolio development during education.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Commercial and Industrial Designers can advance into senior design roles, design management positions, or specialize in specific product categories or industries. Career progression often leads to roles such as Design Director, Creative Director, or Product Development Manager. Some professionals transition into related engineering roles like Industrial Engineers or Materials Engineers, while others may move into consulting or start their own design firms. The strong foundation in design principles, manufacturing processes, and client communication provides pathways into broader product development and innovation leadership roles.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
According to BLS OEWS May 2025 data, Commercial and Industrial Designers earn a median annual wage of $83,910, with employment of 33,490 professionals nationwide. The wage range spans from $53,460 at the 10th percentile to $139,770 at the 90th percentile, reflecting significant earning potential with experience and specialization. Geographic variation is notable, with Kansas offering the highest wages at $104,870 compared to South Dakota's $60,110, representing a 1.75x ratio. The largest employment concentrations are in Manufacturing (11,870 employed), Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services (8,070 employed), and Wholesale Trade (4,580 employed), indicating diverse industry opportunities. The field benefits from continued consumer demand for innovative products and the growing emphasis on user-centered design in manufacturing.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
The core creative and conceptual aspects of industrial design remain relatively protected from automation, particularly activities requiring originality, fluency of ideas, and creative thinking. However, routine drafting and technical illustration tasks may increasingly be assisted by AI-powered design tools and automated CAD systems, potentially enhancing rather than replacing human designers' capabilities.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [task_similarity] Mechanical Drafters (17-3013.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles share high importance in 'Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment' as core work activities.
    data: Drafting work activity importance 4.6
    data: Technical illustration tasks
    data: Blueprint preparation
  [riasec_cluster] Fashion Designers (27-1022.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both are Artistic-dominant roles (A:5.54) with similar creative design focus and product development processes.
    data: Artistic RIASEC score 5.54
    data: Design knowledge importance 4.7
    data: Originality ability importance 3.9
  [knowledge_overlap] Industrial Engineers (17-2112.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Significant overlap in Engineering and Technology knowledge (importance 4.7) and Production and Processing knowledge (importance 4.0).
    data: Engineering and Technology knowledge 4.7
    data: Production and Processing knowledge 4.0
    data: Manufacturing collaboration tasks
  [task_similarity] Model Makers, Metal and Plastic (51-4061.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles involve fabricating models and samples using various materials and tools as core job functions.
    data: Model fabrication tasks
    data: Materials knowledge
    data: Hand and power tool usage
  [knowledge_overlap] Materials Engineers (17-2131.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Shared emphasis on materials research and production specifications evaluation for manufacturing feasibility.
    data: Production materials research tasks
    data: Manufacturing methods knowledge
    data: Materials evaluation activities

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['industrial designer', 'product designer', 'commercial designer', 'design engineer', 'product development', 'industrial design', 'product design', 'manufacturing design']
  exclude_keywords : ['software designer', 'web designer', 'graphic designer', 'interior designer', 'landscape designer']
  title_patterns   : ['*Designer', 'Product Development*', '*Industrial Design*', 'Design Engineer', '*Product Designer']
  common_variations: ['industrial designer', 'product designer', 'commercial designer', 'design engineer', 'product development designer', 'manufacturing designer', 'consumer product designer', 'industrial product designer']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['design', 'industrial', 'others', 'tendency', 'products', 'product', 'production', 'equipment', 'designers', 'engineering', 'materials', 'principles', 'designs', 'ideas', 'technical', 'objects', 'problems', 'includes', 'body', 'procedures']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
design                    152  0.03401  wikipedia            wikipedia:77%  inference:11%  onet_tasks:6%
industrial                 90  0.02014  wikipedia            wikipedia:89%  inference:9%  onet_tasks:1%
others                     44  0.00985  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:86%  wikipedia:7%  dwas:5%
tendency                   42  0.00940  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
products                   35  0.00783  wikipedia            wikipedia:46%  inference:17%  onet_dimensions:14%
product                    30  0.00671  wikipedia            wikipedia:63%  onet_tasks:17%  inference:13%
production                 28  0.00626  wikipedia            wikipedia:32%  onet_dimensions:29%  onet_tasks:21%
equipment                  24  0.00537  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:96%  onet_tasks:4%
designers                  24  0.00537  wikipedia            wikipedia:79%  inference:21%
engineering                23  0.00515  wikipedia            wikipedia:70%  inference:17%  onet_dimensions:9%
materials                  20  0.00447  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:50%  onet_tasks:15%  wikipedia:15%
principles                 18  0.00403  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  wikipedia:6%  inference:6%
designs                    17  0.00380  wikipedia            wikipedia:53%  onet_tasks:18%  dwas:18%
ideas                      16  0.00358  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:69%  onet_tasks:12%  inference:12%
technical                  15  0.00336  inference            inference:40%  wikipedia:27%  onet_dimensions:20%
objects                    15  0.00336  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:80%  wikipedia:20%
problems                   13  0.00291  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:69%  wikipedia:23%  onet_tasks:8%
includes                   13  0.00291  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:92%  wikipedia:8%
body                       13  0.00291  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:77%  wikipedia:23%
procedures                 12  0.00268  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  dwas:25%  onet_tasks:8%
quality                    12  0.00268  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:50%  wikipedia:33%  onet_tasks:8%
standards                  12  0.00268  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  dwas:25%  onet_tasks:8%
techniques                 12  0.00268  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:83%  wikipedia:17%
control                    12  0.00268  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
activities                 12  0.00268  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:75%  dwas:17%  inference:8%
art                        12  0.00268  wikipedia            wikipedia:83%  dwas:8%  inference:8%
research                   11  0.00246  wikipedia            wikipedia:36%  dwas:27%  onet_tasks:18%
needs                      11  0.00246  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:73%  wikipedia:18%  inference:9%
human                      11  0.00246  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:64%  wikipedia:27%  inference:9%
creative                   11  0.00246  wikipedia            wikipedia:45%  inference:45%  onet_dimensions:9%
programs                   11  0.00246  wikipedia            wikipedia:55%  onet_dimensions:36%  inference:9%
user                       11  0.00246  wikipedia            wikipedia:73%  inference:18%  onet_dimensions:9%
manufacturing              10  0.00224  inference            inference:50%  wikipedia:30%  onet_tasks:20%
problem                    10  0.00224  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:70%  wikipedia:30%
services                   10  0.00224  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:60%  wikipedia:30%  inference:10%
physical                   10  0.00224  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:60%  wikipedia:30%  inference:10%
management                 10  0.00224  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:70%  wikipedia:20%  inference:10%
resources                  10  0.00224  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:90%  dwas:10%
interior                   10  0.00224  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
isbn                       10  0.00224  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%