[Core] [25% incumbents] Design plans to be safe and to be compliant with the American Disabilities Act (ADA).
  DWAs: Plan facility layouts or designs.

[Core] [25% incumbents] Use computer-aided drafting (CAD) and related software to produce construction documents.
  DWAs: Draw detailed or technical illustrations.

[Core] [25% incumbents] Research health and safety code requirements to inform design.
  DWAs: Conduct research to inform art, designs, or other work. | Update professional knowledge.

[Core] [25% incumbents] Confer with client to determine factors affecting planning of interior environments, such as budget, architectural preferences, purpose, and function.
  DWAs: Confer with clients to determine needs.

[Core] [25% incumbents] Review and detail shop drawings for construction plans.
  DWAs: Review details of technical drawings or specifications.

[Core] [25% incumbents] Render design ideas in form of paste-ups or drawings.
  DWAs: Draw detailed or technical illustrations.

[Core] [25% incumbents] Subcontract fabrication, installation, and arrangement of carpeting, fixtures, accessories, draperies, paint and wall coverings, art work, furniture, and related items.
  DWAs: Coordinate construction or installation activities.

[Core] [25% incumbents] Select or design, and purchase furnishings, art work, and accessories.
  DWAs: Select materials or props. | Maintain inventories of materials, equipment, or products.

[Core] [25% incumbents] Estimate material requirements and costs, and present design to client for approval.
  DWAs: Estimate costs for projects or productions. | Present work to clients for approval.

[Core] [25% incumbents] Design spaces to be environmentally friendly, using sustainable, recycled materials when feasible.
  DWAs: Incorporate green features into the design of structures or facilities.

[Core] [25% incumbents] Formulate environmental plan to be practical, esthetic, and conducive to intended purposes, such as raising productivity or selling merchandise.
  DWAs: Monitor environmental impacts of production or development activities. | Evaluate environmental impact of operational or development activities.

[Supplemental] [25% incumbents] Plan and design interior environments for boats, planes, buses, trains, and other enclosed spaces.
  DWAs: Develop artistic or design concepts for decoration, exhibition, or commercial purposes.

[Core] [24% incumbents] Advise client on interior design factors, such as space planning, layout and use of furnishings or equipment, and color coordination.
  DWAs: Plan facility layouts or designs. | Discuss designs or plans with clients.

[Core] [24% incumbents] Coordinate with other professionals, such as contractors, architects, engineers, and plumbers, to ensure job success.
  DWAs: Coordinate construction or installation activities.

[Core] [24% incumbents] Inspect construction work on site to ensure its adherence to the design plans.
  DWAs: Inspect facilities or sites to determine if they meet specifications or standards.

[Core] [24% incumbents] Research and explore the use of new materials, technologies, and products to incorporate into designs.
  DWAs: Conduct research to inform art, designs, or other work.

[EMERGING:Revision] Review contractor bids to subcontract fabrication, installation, and arrangement of carpeting, fixtures, accessories, draperies, paint and wall coverings, art work, furniture, and related items.

--- SKILLS ---
  Reading Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Active Listening (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Speaking (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Critical Thinking (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Writing (imp:3.62 lvl:3.88) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Active Learning (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Monitoring (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Mathematics (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Learning Strategies (imp:2.62 lvl:2.75) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Science (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Design (imp:4.88 lvl:6.24) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:4.48 lvl:5.40) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Building and Construction (imp:4.24 lvl:4.68) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  English Language (imp:4.12 lvl:4.80) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Sales and Marketing (imp:3.76 lvl:4.80) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Administration and Management (imp:3.64 lvl:4.16) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Computers and Electronics (imp:3.52 lvl:4.56) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Public Safety and Security (imp:3.40 lvl:3.64) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Fine Arts (imp:3.30 lvl:4.00) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
  Administrative (imp:3.12 lvl:4.48) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Psychology (imp:3.08 lvl:3.60) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:3.00 lvl:3.64) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Mathematics (imp:2.96 lvl:3.43) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Production and Processing (imp:2.92 lvl:3.28) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Economics and Accounting (imp:2.72 lvl:3.16) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Communications and Media (imp:2.57 lvl:2.79) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Mechanical (imp:2.52 lvl:2.44) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:2.46 lvl:2.84) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Engineering and Technology (imp:2.44 lvl:3.00) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Education and Training (imp:2.43 lvl:3.08) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Law and Government (imp:2.32 lvl:2.52) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Telecommunications (imp:2.04 lvl:1.44) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  History and Archeology (imp:1.96 lvl:2.08) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Geography (imp:1.80 lvl:1.76) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Physics (imp:1.72 lvl:1.40) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Transportation (imp:1.72 lvl:1.76) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.70 lvl:1.83) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Foreign Language (imp:1.56 lvl:1.08) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.54 lvl:1.52) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Chemistry (imp:1.44 lvl:1.12) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Biology (imp:1.44 lvl:0.88) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:1.36 lvl:0.72) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Food Production (imp:1.16 lvl:0.40) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food

--- ABILITIES ---
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:4.12 lvl:4.00) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Originality (imp:4.12 lvl:4.00) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Oral Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Oral Expression (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Visualization (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Near Vision (imp:4.00 lvl:4.12) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Written Comprehension (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:3.75 lvl:3.88) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.75 lvl:3.75) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.75 lvl:3.12) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Written Expression (imp:3.62 lvl:3.88) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:3.62 lvl:3.75) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.38 lvl:3.88) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:3.25 lvl:3.00) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Information Ordering (imp:3.12 lvl:3.62) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Far Vision (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Selective Attention (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Number Facility (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Perceptual Speed (imp:2.88 lvl:2.62) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Time Sharing (imp:2.62 lvl:2.75) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Memorization (imp:2.25 lvl:2.25) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.25 lvl:2.62) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Trunk Strength (imp:2.12 lvl:1.38) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Depth Perception (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.00 lvl:1.12) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.00 lvl:1.38) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Spatial Orientation (imp:1.88 lvl:1.12) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Finger Dexterity (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Control Precision (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:1.25 lvl:0.38) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:1.00) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Manual Dexterity (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Response Orientation (imp:1.00) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Rate Control (imp:1.00) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Reaction Time (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Static Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Dynamic Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Stamina (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Extent Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:1.00) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:1.00) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Night Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Sound Localization (imp:1.00) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Thinking Creatively (imp:4.78 lvl:5.88) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:4.65 lvl:5.36) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:4.46 lvl:5.56) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Getting Information (imp:4.42 lvl:5.21) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Working with Computers (imp:4.42 lvl:4.04) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:4.33 lvl:5.08) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:4.33 lvl:5.24) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:4.25 lvl:5.76) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:4.25 lvl:5.09) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:4.08 lvl:4.67) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:4.00 lvl:5.00) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:4.00 lvl:5.00) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Processing Information (imp:3.91 lvl:4.46) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:3.88 lvl:4.44) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:3.87 lvl:4.42) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:3.73 lvl:4.92) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:3.71 lvl:4.38) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:3.71 lvl:4.04) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.67 lvl:4.54) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:3.67 lvl:4.08) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:3.65 lvl:4.56) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:3.62 lvl:4.28) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:3.62 lvl:4.64) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:3.48 lvl:4.36) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:3.42 lvl:3.57) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:3.42 lvl:3.84) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:3.29 lvl:3.67) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:3.29 lvl:4.28) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:3.25 lvl:3.72) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:3.21 lvl:4.12) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:3.17 lvl:3.46) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:2.92 lvl:3.08) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:2.88 lvl:3.46) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:2.67 lvl:3.80) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:2.62 lvl:3.04) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:2.46 lvl:3.50) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:2.33 lvl:2.56) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:1.96 lvl:1.33) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:1.75 lvl:1.38) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:1.43 lvl:0.83) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:1.25 lvl:0.46) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Dependability (imp:3.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.47) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Innovation (imp:2.42) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Dependability (imp:2.14) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Cooperation (imp:1.88) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Adaptability (imp:1.86) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence (imp:1.76) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance (imp:1.74) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Social Orientation (imp:1.74) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Achievement Orientation (imp:1.71) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:1.54) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Initiative (imp:1.53) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Integrity (imp:1.51) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Leadership Orientation (imp:1.39) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Cautiousness (imp:1.38) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Self-Control (imp:1.31) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Stress Tolerance (imp:1.29) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:1.26) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Sincerity (imp:1.11) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy (imp:1.10) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Innovation (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Optimism (imp:0.90) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Humility (imp:0.56) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Achievement Orientation () — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Intellectual Curiosity () — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Cautiousness () — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Integrity () — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:3.75 lvl:3.25) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Coordination (imp:3.75 lvl:3.75) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Service Orientation (imp:3.75 lvl:3.88) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:3.62 lvl:3.75) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Persuasion (imp:3.50 lvl:3.62) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:3.50 lvl:3.25) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Time Management (imp:3.38 lvl:3.00) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Negotiation (imp:3.12 lvl:3.62) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Operations Analysis (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Instructing (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Systems Analysis (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Management of Material Resources (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Systems Evaluation (imp:2.62 lvl:2.88) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Operations Monitoring (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Technology Design (imp:1.88 lvl:1.00) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Programming (imp:1.88 lvl:1.00) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Troubleshooting (imp:1.88 lvl:0.88) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Operation and Control (imp:1.75 lvl:0.88) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Equipment Selection (imp:1.00) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.00) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Repairing (imp:1.00) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 71,500
  annual_median    : $67,190
  annual_pct10     : $41,420
  annual_pct25     : $51,840
  annual_pct75     : $85,740
  annual_pct90     : $114,140
  annual_mean      : $74,540
  hourly_median    : $32.31

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : District of Columbia ($98,450)
  lowest_state     : Puerto Rico ($32,150)
  dispersion_ratio : 3.062x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (50 total) ---
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:   44,310  median: $  74,990
  Retail Trade                             emp:   11,920  median: $  50,560
  Construction                             emp:    6,230  median: $  63,330
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:    3,100  median: $  74,670
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:    1,870  median: $  84,990
  Real Estate and Rental and Leasing       emp:      940  median: $  55,280
  Manufacturing                            emp:      780  median: $  62,570
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:      510  median: $  96,100
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:      290  median: $  74,470
  Educational Services                     emp:      250  median: $  77,300

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (14 total) ---
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:   44,310  median: $  74,990
  Retail Trade                             emp:   11,920  median: $  50,560
  Construction                             emp:    6,230  median: $  63,330
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:    3,100  median: $  74,670
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:    1,870  median: $  84,990
  Real Estate and Rental and Leasing       emp:      940  median: $  55,280
  Manufacturing                            emp:      780  median: $  62,570
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:      510  median: $  96,100
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:      290  median: $  74,470
  Educational Services                     emp:      250  median: $  77,300

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Interior design
match_score        : 0.9091
wikidata_qid       : Q179232
word_count         : 5,558
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interior_design
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T21:21:26.890700Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
Interior design is the art and science of enhancing the interior of a building to achieve a healthier and more aesthetically pleasing environment for the people using the space. With a keen eye for detail and a creative flair, an interior designer is someone who plans, researches, coordinates, and manages such enhancement projects. Interior design is a multifaceted profession that includes conceptual development, space planning, site inspections, programming, research, communicating with the stakeholders of a project, construction management, and execution of the design. Interior designers make use of fundamental design principles from the visual arts used to help viewers understand a given scene.


== History and current terms ==

In the past, interiors were put together instinctively as a part of the process of building.
The profession of interior design has been a consequence of the development of society and the complex architecture that has resulted from the development of industrial processes.
The pursuit of effective use of space, user well-being and functional design has contributed to the development of the contemporary interior design profession. The profession of interior design is separate and distinct from the role of interior decorator, a term commonly used in the US; the term is less common in the UK, where the profession of interior design is still unregulated and therefore, strictly speaking, not yet officially a profession.
In ancient India, architects would also function as interior designers. This can be seen from the references of Vishwakarma the architect—one of the gods in Indian mythology. In these architects' design of 17th-century Indian homes, sculptures depicting ancient texts and events are seen inside the palaces, while during the medieval times wall art paintings were a common feature of palace-like mansions in India commonly known as havelis. While most traditional homes have been demolished to make way to modern buildings, there are still around 2000 havelis in the Shekhawati region of Rajasthan that display wall art paintings.
In ancient Egypt, "soul houses" (or models of houses) were placed in tombs as receptacles for food offerings. From these, it is possible to discern details about the interior design of different residences throughout the different Egyptian dynasties, such as changes in ventilation, porticoes, columns, loggias, windows, and doors.

Painting interior walls has existed for at least 5,000 years, with examples found as far north as the Ness of Brodgar, as have templated interiors, as seen in the associated Skara Brae settlement. It was the Greeks, and later Romans who added co-ordinated, decorative mosaics floors, and templated bath houses, shops, civil offices, Castra (forts) and temple, interiors, in the first millennia BC. With specialised guilds dedicated to producing interior decoration, and formulaic furniture, in buildings constructed to forms defined by Roman architects, such as Vitruvius: De architectura, libri decem (The Ten Books on Architecture).
Throughout the 17th and 18th century and into the early 19th century, interior decoration was the concern of the homemaker, or an employed upholsterer or craftsman who would advise on the artistic style for an interior space. Architects would also employ craftsmen or artisans to complete interior design for their buildings.


=== Commercial interior design and management ===
In the mid-to-late 19th century, interior design services expanded greatly, as the middle class in industrial countries grew in size and prosperity and began to desire the domestic trappings of wealth to cement their new status. Large furniture firms began to branch out into general interior design and management, offering full house furnishings in a variety of styles. This business model flourished from the mid-century to 1914, when this role was increasingly usurped by independent, often amateur, designers. This paved the way for the emergence of the professional interior design in the mid-20th century.

In the 1950s and 1960s, upholsterers began to expand their business remits. They framed their business more broadly and in artistic terms and began to advertise their furnishings to the public. To meet the growing demand for contract interior work on projects such as offices, hotels, and public buildings, these businesses became much larger and more complex, employing builders, joiners, plasterers, textile designers, artists, and furniture designers, as well as engineers and technicians to fulfil the job. Firms began to publish and circulate catalogs with prints for different lavish styles to attract the attention of expanding middle classes.
As department stores increased in number and size, retail spaces within shops were furnished in different styles as examples for customers. One particularly effective advertising tool was to set up model rooms at national and international exhibitions in showrooms for the public to see. Some of the pioneering firms in this regard were Waring & Gillow, James Shoolbred, Mintons, and Holland & Sons. These traditional high-quality furniture making firms began to play an important role as advisers to unsure middle class customers on taste and style, and began taking out contracts to design and furnish the interiors of many important buildings in Britain.
This type of firm emerged in America after the Civil War. The Herter Brothers, founded by two German émigré brothers, began as an upholstery warehouse and became one of the first firms of furniture makers and interior decorators. With their own design office and cabinet-making and upholstery workshops, Herter Brothers were prepared to accomplish every aspect of interior furnishing including decorative paneling and mantels, wall and ceiling decoration, patterned floors, and carpets and draperies.

A pivotal figure in popularizing theories of interior design to the middle class was the architect Owen Jones, one of the most influential design theorists of the nineteenth century. Jones' first project was his most important—in 1851, he was responsible for not only the decoration of Joseph Paxton's gigantic Crystal Palace for the Great Exhibition but also the arrangement of the exhibits within. He chose a controversial palette of red, yellow, and blue for the interior ironwork and, despite initial negative publicity in the newspapers, was eventually unveiled by Queen Victoria to much critical acclaim. His most significant publication was The Grammar of Ornament (1856), in which Jones formulated 37 key principles of interior design and decoration.
Jones was employed by some of the leading interior design firms of the day; in the 1860s, he worked in collaboration with the London firm Jackson & Graham to produce furniture and other fittings for high-profile clients including art collector Alfred Morrison as well as Ismail Pasha, Khedive of Egypt.
In 1882, the London Directory of the Post Office listed 80 interior decorators. Some of the most distinguished companies of the period were Crace, Waring & Gillowm and Holland & Sons; famous decorators employed by these firms included Thomas Edward Collcutt, Edward William Godwin, Charles Barry, Gottfried Semper, and George Edmund Street.


=== Transition to professional interior design ===

By the turn of the 20th century, amateur advisors and publications were increasingly challenging the monopoly that the large retail companies had on interior design. English feminist author Mary Haweis wrote a series of widely read essays in the 1880s in which she derided the eagerness with which aspiring middle-class people furnished their houses according to the rigid models offered to them by the retailers. She advocated the individual adoption of a particular style, tailor-made to the individual needs and preferences of the customer:One of my strongest convictions, and one of the first canons of good taste, is that our houses, like the fish's shell and the bird's

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Backsplash (interior) (similarity: 0.4103)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backsplash_(interior)
  QID: Q1428620
  Extract: A backsplash or splashback is a protection for the back walls above a work surface where splashes may occur, for example of water and fat. It is common in kitchens, toilets and bathrooms, and can be made, for example, in the form of wall tiles or panels of wood, particle board, glass or metal.

  Title: National Kitchen & Bath Association (similarity: 0.3396)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Kitchen_%26_Bath_Association
  QID: Q6973921
  Extract: The National Kitchen & Bath Association (NKBA) is a not-for-profit trade association that represents the kitchen and bath industry. It has almost 14,000 member companies across North America and represents almost 55,000 industry professionals. Established in 1963 as a network of kitchen dealers, it 

  Title: Julius Blum (similarity: 0.1379)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Blum
  QID: Q876574
  Extract: Julius Blum GmbH is an international company that produces hinge-, lift- and runner-systems and the appropriate assembly tools for the cabinet making and furniture industry.

  Title: 3D Kitchen (similarity: 0.1429)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_Kitchen
  QID: Q135012795
  Extract: 3D Kitchen is a CD-ROM software from Books That Work.

  Title: LEED (similarity: 0.1818)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LEED
  QID: Q1521623
  Extract: Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is a green building certification program used worldwide. Developed by the non-profit U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), it includes a set of rating systems for the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of green buildings, homes, and 

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : High confidence due to comprehensive O*NET data, clear Wikipedia match, substantial employment statistics from BLS, and well-defined skill and knowledge requirements. The profession has established educational pathways and clear industry recognition.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T18:00:10.977181+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,560
tokens_output        : 4,353
cost_usd             : $0.048938
wikipedia_used       : True
wikipedia_title      : Interior design
wikipedia_note       : Wikipedia confirms interior design as the art and science of enhancing building interiors for healthier and more aesthetically pleasing environments. The definition aligns with O*NET's emphasis on planning, coordinating, and managing interior enhancement projects with creative flair and attention to detail.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Interior Designers plan, design, and furnish internal spaces of buildings to create environments that are both functional and aesthetically pleasing. They work with clients to develop design concepts, select furnishings and materials, and coordinate with contractors to implement their vision while ensuring compliance with safety codes and accessibility requirements. These professionals combine creative vision with technical knowledge of building construction, space planning, and project management to transform interior environments.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
Interior designers begin their workday by reviewing client consultations and determining project requirements, including budget constraints and architectural preferences. They spend significant time using computer-aided drafting (CAD) software like AutoCAD and Revit to create detailed construction documents and technical drawings. Throughout the day, they research building codes and ADA compliance requirements to ensure their designs meet safety standards. Designers coordinate with contractors and subcontractors for installation of carpeting, fixtures, and accessories, while also selecting and purchasing furnishings, artwork, and decorative elements. They present cost estimates and design concepts to clients for approval, often creating visual renderings and paste-ups to communicate their ideas effectively.

WHO THRIVES:
Successful interior designers possess strong artistic abilities, particularly fluency of ideas and originality, enabling them to generate creative solutions for spatial challenges. They excel in visualization, allowing them to mentally manipulate three-dimensional spaces and communicate design concepts effectively to clients. These professionals demonstrate exceptional attention to detail and dependability, as projects require precise coordination of multiple elements and strict adherence to timelines. Strong interpersonal skills are essential, as designers must establish and maintain relationships with clients, contractors, and vendors while persuasively presenting their design vision. The role attracts individuals who enjoy problem-solving and can balance creative expression with practical constraints like budgets and building codes.

CAREER ENTRY:
Entry into interior design typically requires a bachelor's degree, with 84% of practitioners holding this credential according to O*NET education distribution data. Many programs include coursework in design principles, building construction, computer-aided design software, and business practices. While formal education is standard, some professionals enter through associate's degrees or specialized training programs, particularly those focusing on specific niches like kitchen and bath design. New designers often begin as junior associates or design assistants, gaining hands-on experience with client interactions, project coordination, and industry software before advancing to independent practice.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Interior designers can advance to senior designer positions, eventually becoming design directors or opening their own design firms. Specialization opportunities include commercial design, residential design, healthcare facilities, hospitality design, or sustainable design practices. Some professionals transition into related fields such as architecture, set design for entertainment, or product design for furniture and home décor companies. The strong foundation in design principles, client relations, and project management also enables movement into art direction or design consultation roles across various industries.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
According to BLS OEWS May 2025 data, interior designers earn a median annual salary of $67,190, with the 10th percentile earning $41,420 and the 90th percentile earning $114,140. The profession employs 71,500 workers nationally, with the highest concentration in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services (44,310 employed), followed by Retail Trade (11,920 employed) and Construction (6,230 employed). Geographic variation is significant, with the District of Columbia offering the highest wages at $98,450 annually, while Puerto Rico has the lowest at $32,150, representing a 3.06x ratio. Job Zone 4 classification indicates considerable preparation is needed, reflecting the bachelor's degree requirement and specialized skills demanded by employers.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
Interior design work shows moderate resistance to automation due to its emphasis on creative thinking, client relationship management, and spatial visualization. While CAD software and 3D modeling tools continue to enhance productivity, the core activities of establishing interpersonal relationships with clients, thinking creatively about space utilization, and making complex design decisions require human judgment and artistic sensibility. However, routine tasks like material calculations and basic drafting may become increasingly automated, potentially shifting the role toward higher-level creative and strategic functions.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [skill_overlap] Commercial and Industrial Designers (27-1021.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles share high importance ratings for critical thinking, design knowledge, and computer-aided design work activities.
    data: Design knowledge (imp:4.9)
    data: Working with Computers (imp:4.4)
    data: Critical Thinking (imp:4.0)
  [riasec_cluster] Landscape Architects (17-1012.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both occupations show strong Artistic orientation (A:5.56 for interior designers) and involve spatial design and client consultation.
    data: RIASEC A:5.56
    data: Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:4.5)
    data: Design knowledge
  [task_similarity] Set and Exhibit Designers (27-1027.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles involve creating physical layouts, selecting furnishings and accessories, and rendering design ideas visually.
    data: Select or design, and purchase furnishings
    data: Render design ideas in form of paste-ups or drawings
    data: Thinking Creatively (imp:4.8)
  [transferable_skill] Architectural and Civil Drafters (17-3011.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both use CAD software extensively and create detailed technical drawings and construction documents.
    data: Use computer-aided drafting (CAD)
    data: Working with Computers (imp:4.4)
    data: Building and Construction knowledge (imp:4.2)
  [knowledge_overlap] Graphic Designers (27-1024.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both require strong design knowledge, computer skills, and creative abilities with shared software tools like Adobe Creative Suite.
    data: Design knowledge (imp:4.9)
    data: Adobe Creative Cloud software
    data: Originality (imp:4.1)
  [career_pathway] Art Directors (27-1011.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Interior designers with strong project management and creative leadership can advance to art direction roles across various industries.
    data: Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:4.2)
    data: Fluency of Ideas (imp:4.1)
    data: Administration and Management knowledge (imp:3.6)

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['interior designer', 'space planning', 'furniture selection', 'CAD design', 'ADA compliance', 'client consultation', 'design rendering', 'material specification']
  exclude_keywords : ['architect', 'construction worker', 'graphic design', 'fashion design', 'landscape']
  title_patterns   : ['Interior Designer', 'Design Consultant', 'Commercial Interior Designer', 'Residential Designer', 'Interior Decorator']
  common_variations: ['interior decorator', 'space planner', 'design specialist', 'furnishing consultant', 'environmental designer', 'commercial designer', 'residential designer', 'interior design consultant']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['design', 'interior', 'designers', 'tendency', 'others', 'art', 'equipment', 'materials', 'includes', 'color', 'principles', 'space', 'furniture', 'building', 'decoration', 'decorators', 'lighting', 'designer', 'style', 'ideas']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
design                    167  0.02870  wikipedia            wikipedia:76%  inference:14%  onet_tasks:5%
interior                  136  0.02338  wikipedia            wikipedia:90%  inference:7%  onet_tasks:2%
designers                  47  0.00808  wikipedia            wikipedia:83%  inference:17%
tendency                   42  0.00722  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
others                     39  0.00670  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:97%  wikipedia:3%
art                        36  0.00619  wikipedia            wikipedia:81%  onet_tasks:8%  dwas:6%
equipment                  25  0.00430  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:92%  onet_tasks:4%  dwas:4%
materials                  23  0.00395  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:43%  wikipedia:35%  onet_tasks:9%
includes                   22  0.00378  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:55%  wikipedia:45%
color                      21  0.00361  wikipedia            wikipedia:86%  onet_dimensions:10%  onet_tasks:5%
principles                 21  0.00361  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:76%  wikipedia:14%  inference:10%
space                      19  0.00327  wikipedia            wikipedia:84%  inference:11%  onet_tasks:5%
furniture                  18  0.00309  wikipedia            wikipedia:83%  onet_tasks:11%  inference:6%
building                   18  0.00309  wikipedia            wikipedia:56%  inference:28%  onet_dimensions:17%
decoration                 18  0.00309  wikipedia            wikipedia:94%  dwas:6%
decorators                 18  0.00309  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
lighting                   17  0.00292  wikipedia            wikipedia:94%  onet_dimensions:6%
designer                   17  0.00292  wikipedia            wikipedia:94%  inference:6%
style                      17  0.00292  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
ideas                      16  0.00275  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:69%  wikipedia:12%  inference:12%
construction               15  0.00258  wikipedia            wikipedia:27%  inference:27%  onet_tasks:20%
colors                     15  0.00258  wikipedia            wikipedia:93%  onet_dimensions:7%
clients                    15  0.00258  wikipedia            wikipedia:40%  inference:33%  dwas:20%
profession                 15  0.00258  wikipedia            wikipedia:93%  inference:7%
management                 14  0.00241  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:50%  wikipedia:29%  inference:21%
activities                 14  0.00241  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:64%  dwas:29%  inference:7%
designs                    13  0.00223  dwas                 dwas:38%  wikipedia:38%  onet_tasks:8%
needs                      13  0.00223  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:62%  wikipedia:31%  dwas:8%
standards                  13  0.00223  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:62%  wikipedia:23%  dwas:8%
programs                   13  0.00223  wikipedia            wikipedia:54%  onet_dimensions:31%  inference:15%
include                    13  0.00223  wikipedia            wikipedia:85%  inference:15%
understand                 12  0.00206  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:58%  wikipedia:42%
control                    12  0.00206  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
objects                    12  0.00206  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
century                    12  0.00206  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
room                       12  0.00206  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
wall                       11  0.00189  wikipedia            wikipedia:82%  onet_tasks:18%
technical                  11  0.00189  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:27%  dwas:27%  inference:27%
important                  11  0.00189  wikipedia            wikipedia:91%  onet_dimensions:9%
patterns                   11  0.00189  wikipedia            wikipedia:73%  onet_dimensions:27%