[Core] [37% incumbents] Interpret diagnostic test results for deviations from normal.
  DWAs: Analyze test data or images to inform diagnosis or treatment.

[Core] [37% incumbents] Prescribe therapy or medication with physician approval.
  DWAs: Prescribe treatments or therapies. | Prescribe medications.

[Core] [37% incumbents] Obtain, compile, and record patient medical data, including health history, progress notes, and results of physical examination.
  DWAs: Collect medical information from patients, family members, or other medical professionals. | Record patient medical histories.

[Core] [37% incumbents] Examine patients to obtain information about their physical condition.
  DWAs: Examine patients to assess general physical condition.

[Core] [37% incumbents] Administer or order diagnostic tests, such as x-ray, electrocardiogram, and laboratory tests.
  DWAs: Order medical diagnostic or clinical tests.

[Core] [37% incumbents] Instruct and counsel patients about prescribed therapeutic regimens, normal growth and development, family planning, emotional problems of daily living, and health maintenance.
  DWAs: Provide health and wellness advice to patients, program participants, or caregivers.

[Core] [37% incumbents] Perform therapeutic procedures, such as injections, immunizations, suturing and wound care, and infection management.
  DWAs: Immunize patients. | Administer intravenous medications.

[Core] [37% incumbents] Visit and observe patients on hospital rounds or house calls, updating charts, ordering therapy, and reporting back to physician.
  DWAs: Monitor patient progress or responses to treatments. | Record patient medical histories. | Prescribe treatments or therapies.

[Core] [37% incumbents] Provide physicians with assistance during surgery or complicated medical procedures.
  DWAs: Assist healthcare practitioners during surgery.

[Core] [37% incumbents] Supervise and coordinate activities of technicians and technical assistants.
  DWAs: Supervise patient care personnel.

[Core] [37% incumbents] Order medical and laboratory supplies and equipment.
  DWAs: Order medical supplies or equipment.

[Core] [36% incumbents] Make tentative diagnoses and decisions about management and treatment of patients.
  DWAs: Diagnose medical conditions.

[EMERGING:New] Refer patients to other healthcare providers.

--- SKILLS ---
  Reading Comprehension (imp:4.12 lvl:4.75) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Critical Thinking (imp:4.12 lvl:4.62) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Active Listening (imp:4.00 lvl:4.12) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Writing (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Speaking (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Active Learning (imp:3.88 lvl:4.12) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Monitoring (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Science (imp:3.62 lvl:3.88) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
  Learning Strategies (imp:3.12 lvl:3.38) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Mathematics (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Using mathematics to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:5.00 lvl:6.46) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Biology (imp:4.81 lvl:5.65) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  English Language (imp:4.62 lvl:5.00) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Psychology (imp:4.57 lvl:6.05) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:4.50 lvl:5.97) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:4.16 lvl:5.65) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Education and Training (imp:3.97 lvl:4.89) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:3.61 lvl:4.27) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Computers and Electronics (imp:3.54 lvl:4.05) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Chemistry (imp:3.47 lvl:4.41) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Mathematics (imp:3.41 lvl:3.76) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Public Safety and Security (imp:3.19 lvl:3.08) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Communications and Media (imp:2.97 lvl:3.00) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Administrative (imp:2.92 lvl:4.00) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Law and Government (imp:2.89 lvl:3.16) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Administration and Management (imp:2.61 lvl:3.35) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Telecommunications (imp:2.57 lvl:1.92) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:2.50 lvl:2.89) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:2.36 lvl:3.16) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Physics (imp:2.31 lvl:2.38) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Foreign Language (imp:1.86 lvl:1.76) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Economics and Accounting (imp:1.73 lvl:1.46) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Mechanical (imp:1.70 lvl:1.19) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Engineering and Technology (imp:1.69 lvl:1.30) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Sales and Marketing (imp:1.57 lvl:1.46) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Geography (imp:1.57 lvl:1.39) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Production and Processing (imp:1.56 lvl:1.19) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Transportation (imp:1.51 lvl:1.14) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Design (imp:1.49 lvl:1.16) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  History and Archeology (imp:1.41 lvl:0.70) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Building and Construction (imp:1.16 lvl:0.27) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Fine Arts (imp:1.11 lvl:0.22) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
  Food Production (imp:1.08 lvl:0.19) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food

--- ABILITIES ---
  Oral Comprehension (imp:4.12 lvl:5.00) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:4.12 lvl:4.75) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:4.12 lvl:4.38) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:4.12 lvl:4.88) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Written Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.50) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Oral Expression (imp:4.00 lvl:4.62) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Written Expression (imp:4.00 lvl:4.12) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Information Ordering (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Speech Recognition (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Speech Clarity (imp:4.00 lvl:3.50) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Near Vision (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.38 lvl:3.88) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.25 lvl:3.75) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:3.00 lvl:3.25) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Perceptual Speed (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Finger Dexterity (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Far Vision (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Originality (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Number Facility (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Memorization (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Visualization (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Selective Attention (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Time Sharing (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Manual Dexterity (imp:2.88 lvl:2.38) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Trunk Strength (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Control Precision (imp:2.25 lvl:2.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.25 lvl:2.00) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Static Strength (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Explosive Strength (imp:2.12 lvl:1.25) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Dynamic Strength (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Stamina (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Extent Flexibility (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:2.00 lvl:1.25) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Depth Perception (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Reaction Time (imp:1.88 lvl:1.00) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.75 lvl:0.88) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Response Orientation (imp:1.50 lvl:0.62) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:1.12 lvl:0.38) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Spatial Orientation (imp:1.00) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Rate Control (imp:1.00) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo
  Night Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Sound Localization (imp:1.00) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:4.97 lvl:6.59) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Getting Information (imp:4.86 lvl:6.08) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:4.84 lvl:6.22) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:4.81 lvl:5.24) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:4.78 lvl:5.14) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:4.72 lvl:6.14) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:4.56 lvl:5.54) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:4.49 lvl:4.84) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:4.46 lvl:5.27) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:4.41 lvl:5.97) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Working with Computers (imp:4.35 lvl:3.65) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Processing Information (imp:4.19 lvl:5.24) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:4.14 lvl:4.41) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:4.08 lvl:5.14) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:4.06 lvl:4.86) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:4.03 lvl:5.32) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:3.97 lvl:4.76) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:3.95 lvl:4.67) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.86 lvl:4.49) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:3.86 lvl:4.22) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:3.67 lvl:4.43) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:3.51 lvl:3.59) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:3.51 lvl:3.97) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:3.31 lvl:3.86) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:3.28 lvl:4.22) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Thinking Creatively (imp:3.23 lvl:3.78) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:3.22 lvl:3.68) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:3.17 lvl:3.95) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:3.11 lvl:3.51) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:3.00 lvl:3.14) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:2.94 lvl:3.11) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:2.92 lvl:2.97) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:2.76 lvl:3.32) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:2.50 lvl:2.81) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:2.41 lvl:2.57) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:2.30 lvl:2.41) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:2.27 lvl:2.43) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:1.51 lvl:1.00) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:1.33 lvl:0.84) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:1.32 lvl:0.68) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:1.19 lvl:0.41) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Integrity (imp:10.00) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Cautiousness (imp:9.00) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:8.00) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Cooperation (imp:7.00) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Achievement Orientation (imp:6.00) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Social Orientation (imp:5.00) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Self-Control (imp:4.00) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Attention to Detail (imp:3.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Stress Tolerance (imp:3.00) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Dependability (imp:2.87) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Integrity (imp:2.84) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Cooperation (imp:2.47) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Cautiousness (imp:2.47) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Self-Control (imp:2.42) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Stress Tolerance (imp:2.36) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Empathy (imp:2.27) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:2.20) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Social Orientation (imp:2.20) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Perseverance (imp:2.15) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Achievement Orientation (imp:2.08) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Empathy (imp:2.00) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Adaptability (imp:1.98) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Initiative (imp:1.62) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Sincerity (imp:1.55) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:1.49) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Innovation (imp:1.25) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Self-Confidence (imp:1.21) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Optimism (imp:1.16) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Perseverance (imp:1.00) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Humility (imp:0.58) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Leadership Orientation (imp:0.47) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Attention to Detail () — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Dependability () — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:4.00 lvl:4.12) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Service Orientation (imp:4.00 lvl:4.12) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:4.00 lvl:4.12) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Coordination (imp:3.25 lvl:4.00) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Persuasion (imp:3.25 lvl:3.50) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Systems Evaluation (imp:3.25 lvl:3.75) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Time Management (imp:3.25 lvl:3.75) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Negotiation (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Instructing (imp:3.12 lvl:4.00) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Systems Analysis (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Operations Analysis (imp:2.62 lvl:2.75) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:2.38 lvl:2.25) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Operations Monitoring (imp:2.25 lvl:2.00) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Management of Material Resources (imp:2.25 lvl:1.50) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:2.12 lvl:1.25) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Troubleshooting (imp:2.00 lvl:1.12) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Technology Design (imp:1.88 lvl:1.12) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Programming (imp:1.88 lvl:1.12) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Equipment Selection (imp:1.12 lvl:0.25) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Operation and Control (imp:1.00) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.00) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Repairing (imp:1.00) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 162,150
  annual_median    : $135,880
  annual_pct10     : $99,380
  annual_pct25     : $120,670
  annual_pct75     : $163,980
  annual_pct90     : $190,280
  annual_mean      : $141,280
  hourly_median    : $65.33

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : New Jersey ($165,690)
  lowest_state     : Alabama ($104,960)
  dispersion_ratio : 1.579x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (51 total) ---
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:  150,100  median: $ 135,550
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:    4,790  median: $ 157,040
  Educational Services                     emp:    3,670  median: $ 134,770
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:    2,310  median: $ 158,550
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:      510  median: $ 143,220
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:      350  median: $ 137,710
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:      290  median: $ 110,120
  Finance and Insurance                    emp:       50  median: $ 138,040

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (8 total) ---
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:  150,100  median: $ 135,550
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:    4,790  median: $ 157,040
  Educational Services                     emp:    3,670  median: $ 134,770
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:    2,310  median: $ 158,550
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:      510  median: $ 143,220
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:      350  median: $ 137,710
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:      290  median: $ 110,120
  Finance and Insurance                    emp:       50  median: $ 138,040

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Physician assistant
match_score        : 0.9744
wikidata_qid       : Q718927
word_count         : 6,200
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physician_assistant
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T21:31:45.594039Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
A physician assistant or physician associate (PA) is a type of non-physician practitioner. While these job titles are used internationally, there is significant variation in training and scope of practice from country to country, and sometimes between smaller jurisdictions such as states or provinces. Depending on location, PAs practice semi-autonomously under the supervision of a physician, or autonomously perform a subset of medical services classically provided by physicians.
The educational model was initially based upon the accelerated training of physicians in the United States during the shortage of qualified medical providers during World War II.  Since then, the use of PAs has spread to at least 16 countries around the world. In the US, PAs may diagnose illnesses, develop and manage treatment plans, prescribe medications, and serve as a principal healthcare provider. In many states PAs are required to have a direct agreement with a physician. 
In the UK, PAs were introduced in 2003. They support the work of the healthcare team, but are dependent clinicians requiring supervision from a physician. They cannot prescribe medications nor request ionising radiation investigations (e.g., x-ray) in the UK.  PAs are widely used in Canada.  The model began during the Korean War and transitioned to the present concept in 2002.  Skills and scope of privileges are similar to those in the US.


== Title and professional identity ==
The occupational title of physician assistant and physician associate originated in the United States in 1967 at Duke University. The role has been adopted in the US, Canada, United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, Netherlands, Australia, New Zealand, India, Israel, Bulgaria, Myanmar, Switzerland, Liberia, Ghana, and by analogous names throughout Africa, each with their own nomenclature and education structure. In Malawi they are called clinical officers. Most of them study clinical medicine at the Malawi College of Health Sciences and other colleges within the country. In 2021, the American Academy of Physician Assistants voted to rename itself the American Academy of Physician Associates (AAPA) and adopted "physician associate" as the preferred professional designation. U.S. state governments such as the one in Oregon have begun to implement statutory changes to reflect the name change in Oregon. The move has been controversial; critics of the name change feel the word "associate" could be misleading for patients trying to understand PAs' scope of practice, while proponents feel it better conveys the profession's collaborative and independent roles.


== Services ==
Depending on jurisdiction, a physician assistant or associates may:

conduct patient interviews and take medical histories
conduct physical examinations, including the interpretation of clinical signs
order and interpret diagnostic tests and exams (As per International labour Organisation code)
diagnose illnesses
formulate treatment plans
coordinate and manage care
perform medical procedures
prescribe medications (As per International labour organisation norms if any)
conduct clinical research
provide patient counselling
offer advice on preventative health care
first assist in surgery
Can serve as a clinical tutor/Demonstrator, assistant professor, associate professor, or professor (depending on academic qualifications along with experience).
In Administrative sector, can serve as principal/Director, Dean etc. as per experience & Qualifications.


== Scope of practice and regulation ==
Physician assistant scope of practice vary by country and state. Physician assistant practice laws in a majority of US states have been updated in recent years to give PAs more autonomy and reduce onerous supervision language. A few states now allow PAs to practice under a "collaborative" agreement rather than with direct physician supervision. In the UK, the General Medical Council (GMC) has become the official regulator of physician associates in December 2024. England's 2025 Leng Review also recommended standard national policies, including a specific supervision model and a unique PA uniform to distinguish PAs from doctors.


== Workplaces ==
Physician assistants or associates train to work in settings such as hospitals, clinics and other types of health facilities, or virtually via telemedicine. PAs are commonly found working in teaching and research as well as hospital administration and other clinical environments. PAs may practice in primary care or Health Sciences specialties, including emergency medicine, surgery and cardiology.


== Employment growth and compensation ==
Physician assistant job growth in the 21st century has been substantial. In the United States, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that "demand for PAs is expected to grow 27% from 2022 to 2032, much faster than the average for all occupations". Median annual wages for U.S. physician assistants have increased to over $130,000 and are higher still in surgical and emergency medicine subspecialties. A number of sources have reported that the increasing demand for physician assistants is a result of physician shortages in primary care and increased use of team-based models of care.


== Training ==
Physician assistant (or associate) education is shorter than the medical degree required to become a physician (MD/DO). Most PAs in the United States have completed 4 years of undergraduate training followed by 2–3 years of Master's-level training, including both didactic training and clinical training. The didactic portions usually include microbiology, genetics, clinical anatomy and physiology, clinical pathophysiology, clinical medicine, clinical pharmacology, patient history & physical exam, clinical problem-solving, women's health, and applied clinical skills. The clinical year usually entails of 4-8 week rotations in surgery, family medicine, emergency medicine, OB/GYN, psychiatry, internal medicine, pediatrics, and other rotations depending on the school. In total, most United States PA Master's programs come out to about 100 semester credit hours (ranging from 95 to 122) or 150 quarter hours.
After training and graduation, most PAs in the US take the PANCE for board certification. The PANCE is a 300-question exam (five 60-question blocks) covering a wide variety of medical topics, assessing for entry-level competency of a PA.  Unlike an MD, a PA's training typically does not involve residency training, although this is increasingly offered in a variety of specialties.
Renewal of certification is usually required every few years, varying by jurisdiction. In the US, many states require PAs to submit CME hours to demonstrate they are staying up to date for licensure renewal. The National Commission on Certification of PAs (NCCPA) requires 100 CME hours every 2 years to maintain certification. Every 10 years, the NCCPA requires PAs to take the PANRE (four 60-question blocks taken at once) or PANRE-LA (taken between years 7 and 9 of practice, consisting of twelve 25-question blocks), an exam that aims to test the competency of practicing PAs.
Some PAs go on to get doctorates (DMS/DMSc/DScPAS). These doctorates are professional doctorates most similar to a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP), but do not necessarily increase medical knowledge or scope of practice. While programs based in the United States have some level of variability, these doctorate programs are largely focused in academic research, health administration, and health leadership education. 


== Diversity and representation ==
The PA profession in the United States continues to have recruitment and diversity issues, with the physician assistant workforce remaining predominantly white and male. A 2025 report by the Milbank Memorial Fund discovered that approximately 3.5% of recent PA graduates self-identified as Black, American Indian, Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, or Pacific Islander, while about 6.4% of recent graduates self-identified as 

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: American Academy of Physician Associates (similarity: 0.5000)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Academy_of_Physician_Associates
  QID: Q124625268
  Extract: The American Academy of Physician Associates (AAPA), previously named the American Academy of Physician Assistants, is a professional association for physician assistants/associates (PAs) in the United States. It is headquartered in Alexandria, Virginia.

  Title: Attending physician (similarity: 0.4615)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attending_physician
  QID: Q460628
  Extract: In the United States and Canada, an attending physician is a physician who has completed residency and practices medicine in a clinic or hospital, in the specialty learned during residency. An attending physician typically supervises fellows, residents, and medical students. Attending physicians may

  Title: List of healthcare occupations (similarity: 0.2400)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_healthcare_occupations
  QID: Q16000170
  Extract: A list of healthcare occupations by medical discipline.

  Title: Assistant physician (similarity: 0.4615)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assistant_physician
  QID: Q742628
  Extract: In the United States, an assistant physician (AP) is a medical doctor or doctor of osteopathic medicine who has graduated from a four-year medical school program and is licensed to practice, in a limited capacity, under the supervision of a physician who has completed their residency. In 2020 the AP

  Title: American College of Cardiology (similarity: 0.2800)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_College_of_Cardiology
  QID: Q4743449
  Extract: The American College of Cardiology (ACC), based in Washington, D.C., is a nonprofit medical association established in 1949. It bestows credentials upon cardiovascular specialists who meet its qualifications. Education is a core component of the college, which is also active in the formulation of he

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong data foundation with comprehensive O*NET details, clear educational requirements, robust wage data from BLS OEWS May 2025, and confirmed Wikipedia match. All major assertions are well-supported by multiple data sources.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T18:41:41.152493+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,751
tokens_output        : 4,330
cost_usd             : $0.047092
wikipedia_used       : True
wikipedia_title      : Physician assistant
wikipedia_note       : Wikipedia confirms PAs are non-physician practitioners who practice semi-autonomously under physician supervision, with significant variation in scope of practice by jurisdiction. The entry validates the collaborative supervision model and international recognition of the profession.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Physician Assistants are licensed healthcare professionals who provide comprehensive medical services under physician supervision, including conducting physical examinations, diagnosing illnesses, and prescribing treatments. They serve as critical healthcare extenders, performing many duties traditionally handled by physicians while maintaining collaborative oversight relationships. PAs practice across diverse medical specialties and settings, from primary care clinics to hospital emergency departments and surgical suites.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
A typical day involves examining patients to assess their physical condition and reviewing diagnostic test results to identify deviations from normal parameters. PAs obtain and compile comprehensive patient medical data, including health histories and progress notes, while documenting all findings in electronic health records. They prescribe therapy and medications with physician approval, administer diagnostic tests like electrocardiograms and laboratory work, and perform therapeutic procedures including injections, immunizations, and wound care. Patient education forms a significant portion of their work, as they instruct and counsel patients about prescribed treatment regimens, normal development, and family planning. Hospital rounds involve visiting patients, updating charts, ordering therapy, and reporting findings back to supervising physicians.

WHO THRIVES:
Successful PAs combine exceptional intellectual curiosity with unwavering integrity and cautiousness in medical decision-making, reflecting the high-stakes nature of patient care. They possess strong social orientation with investigative tendencies, excelling at problem-solving while maintaining deep empathy for patients and families. The role demands individuals who thrive on continuous learning and knowledge updating, as medical practice evolves rapidly with new treatments and technologies. Strong communication skills are essential, as PAs must effectively interpret complex medical information for patients while maintaining collaborative relationships with physicians and healthcare teams.

CAREER ENTRY:
Entry requires completion of an accredited physician assistant master's degree program, with 81.1% of practitioners holding master's degrees and 13.5% holding first professional degrees. PA programs typically require 2-3 years of undergraduate coursework in sciences before admission, followed by 24-36 months of intensive medical training combining classroom instruction with clinical rotations. All graduates must pass the Physician Assistant National Certifying Examination (PANCE) and obtain state licensure to practice. Most programs prefer applicants with prior healthcare experience, such as work as medical assistants, EMTs, or in other clinical support roles.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
PAs can specialize in numerous medical fields including emergency medicine, family practice, cardiology, orthopedics, and neurosurgery, with many developing expertise through post-graduate residency programs or on-the-job training. Career advancement often involves transitioning to leadership roles supervising other PAs and medical technicians, or pursuing additional certifications in specialized procedures. Some PAs eventually move into healthcare administration, medical education, or research positions, while others may choose to pursue medical school to become physicians. The profession offers significant geographic mobility, as PA licenses are increasingly portable across state lines.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
According to BLS OEWS May 2025 data, PAs earn a median annual wage of $135,880 with employment of 162,150 nationwide, representing strong earning potential in healthcare. The wage range spans from $99,380 at the 10th percentile to $190,280 at the 90th percentile, with significant geographic variation from Alabama's $104,960 to New Jersey's $165,690 median wages. The vast majority (150,100) work in healthcare and social assistance settings, with smaller numbers in government (4,790) and educational services (3,670). Demand remains robust as healthcare systems seek cost-effective alternatives to physician care, particularly in underserved areas and primary care settings where PA scope of practice continues expanding.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
PA work activities show moderate resilience to automation due to the complex interpersonal nature of patient care and clinical decision-making. While routine documentation and data entry may become more automated through advanced EHR systems, core activities like physical examinations, patient counseling, and therapeutic procedures require human judgment and manual dexterity that current technology cannot replicate.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [riasec_cluster] Nurse Practitioners (29-1171.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles share strong social and investigative RIASEC profiles with similar patient care responsibilities under physician supervision.
    data: Social RIASEC scores 5.89 vs similar
    data: Shared supervision requirements
    data: Overlapping clinical duties
  [career_pathway] Emergency Medicine Physicians (29-1214.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Emergency medicine represents a common specialization path for PAs with shared diagnostic and treatment activities.
    data: Emergency Medicine PA job titles listed
    data: Overlapping work activities in diagnosis
    data: Similar problem sensitivity requirements
  [task_similarity] Family Medicine Physicians (29-1215.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles conduct complete physicals, provide treatment, and counsel patients with comprehensive care approaches.
    data: Shared physical examination tasks
    data: Similar counseling responsibilities
    data: Overlapping patient care activities
  [skill_overlap] Anesthesiologist Assistants (29-1071.01) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both roles require similar medical knowledge, critical thinking skills, and work under physician supervision in clinical settings.
    data: Shared medicine and dentistry knowledge requirements
    data: Similar supervision structure
    data: Overlapping clinical skills
  [knowledge_overlap] Clinical Nurse Specialists (29-1141.04) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both roles require extensive knowledge in medicine, psychology, and therapy with similar patient interaction patterns.
    data: Shared psychology knowledge importance 4.6
    data: Similar therapy and counseling knowledge
    data: Overlapping patient care knowledge base

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['physician assistant', 'PA-C', 'physician associate', 'advanced practice provider', 'certified physician assistant', 'medical provider', 'healthcare provider', 'physician extender']
  exclude_keywords : ['nurse practitioner', 'medical assistant', 'physician', 'doctor', 'nurse']
  title_patterns   : ['*Physician Assistant*', '*PA-C*', '*Advanced Practice Provider*', '*Doctor Assistant*', '*Medical Service Technician*']
  common_variations: ['PA', 'PA-C', 'Physician Associate', 'Advanced Practice Provider', 'Certified Physician Assistant', 'Doctor Assistant', 'Medical Provider', 'Healthcare Provider']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['physician', 'pas', 'medical', 'assistants', 'assistant', 'health', 'practice', 'care', 'tendency', 'others', 'states', 'clinical', 'medicine', 'programs', 'united', 'physicians', 'equipment', 'profession', 'program', 'associates']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
physician                 168  0.02877  wikipedia            wikipedia:94%  inference:5%  onet_tasks:1%
pas                        93  0.01593  wikipedia            wikipedia:90%  inference:10%
medical                    81  0.01387  wikipedia            wikipedia:72%  inference:15%  dwas:9%
assistants                 54  0.00925  wikipedia            wikipedia:94%  inference:4%  onet_tasks:2%
assistant                  54  0.00925  wikipedia            wikipedia:96%  inference:4%
health                     49  0.00839  wikipedia            wikipedia:88%  onet_tasks:4%  inference:4%
practice                   49  0.00839  wikipedia            wikipedia:86%  inference:14%
care                       48  0.00822  wikipedia            wikipedia:79%  inference:12%  onet_dimensions:4%
tendency                   42  0.00719  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
others                     40  0.00685  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:95%  wikipedia:2%  inference:2%
states                     36  0.00616  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
clinical                   32  0.00548  wikipedia            wikipedia:88%  inference:9%  dwas:3%
medicine                   31  0.00531  wikipedia            wikipedia:94%  onet_dimensions:3%  inference:3%
programs                   31  0.00531  wikipedia            wikipedia:77%  onet_dimensions:13%  inference:10%
united                     28  0.00479  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
physicians                 25  0.00428  wikipedia            wikipedia:80%  inference:16%  onet_tasks:4%
equipment                  25  0.00428  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:92%  onet_tasks:4%  dwas:4%
profession                 24  0.00411  wikipedia            wikipedia:92%  inference:8%
program                    22  0.00377  wikipedia            wikipedia:86%  onet_dimensions:5%  dwas:5%
associates                 22  0.00377  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
years                      22  0.00377  wikipedia            wikipedia:95%  inference:5%
patients                   21  0.00360  wikipedia            wikipedia:29%  onet_tasks:24%  inference:24%
healthcare                 21  0.00360  wikipedia            wikipedia:52%  inference:38%  onet_tasks:5%
scope                      21  0.00360  wikipedia            wikipedia:90%  inference:10%
canada                     19  0.00325  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
university                 19  0.00325  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
patient                    18  0.00308  wikipedia            wikipedia:44%  inference:28%  dwas:22%
procedures                 18  0.00308  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:44%  wikipedia:28%  inference:17%
services                   17  0.00291  wikipedia            wikipedia:53%  onet_dimensions:35%  inference:12%
government                 17  0.00291  wikipedia            wikipedia:76%  onet_dimensions:18%  inference:6%
physical                   16  0.00274  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:38%  wikipedia:25%  inference:19%
principles                 16  0.00274  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
associate                  16  0.00274  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
supervision                16  0.00274  wikipedia            wikipedia:81%  inference:19%
primary                    16  0.00274  wikipedia            wikipedia:88%  inference:12%
emergency                  16  0.00274  wikipedia            wikipedia:88%  inference:12%
association                15  0.00257  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
under                      14  0.00240  wikipedia            wikipedia:64%  onet_dimensions:21%  inference:14%
american                   14  0.00240  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
activities                 13  0.00223  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:69%  inference:15%  onet_tasks:8%