[Core] [76% incumbents] Inoculate animals against various diseases, such as rabies or distemper.
  DWAs: Immunize patients.

[Core] [76% incumbents] Examine animals to detect and determine the nature of diseases or injuries.
  DWAs: Examine patients to assess general physical condition.

[Core] [76% incumbents] Educate the public about diseases that can be spread from animals to humans.
  DWAs: Communicate health and wellness information to the public.

[Core] [76% incumbents] Counsel clients about the deaths of their pets or about euthanasia decisions for their pets.
  DWAs: Counsel family members of clients or patients.

[Core] [76% incumbents] Euthanize animals.
  DWAs: Treat animal injuries or illnesses.

[Core] [76% incumbents] Train or supervise workers who handle or care for animals.
  DWAs: Train medical providers. | Supervise medical support personnel.

[Core] [76% incumbents] Perform administrative or business management tasks, such as scheduling appointments, accepting payments from clients, budgeting, or maintaining business records.
  DWAs: Schedule patient procedures or appointments. | Maintain medical facility records. | Perform clerical work in medical settings.

[Supplemental] [76% incumbents] Direct the overall operations of animal hospitals, clinics, or mobile services to farms.
  DWAs: Manage healthcare operations.

[Supplemental] [76% incumbents] Inspect and test horses, sheep, poultry, or other animals to detect the presence of communicable diseases.
  DWAs: Examine patients to assess general physical condition.

[Core] [75% incumbents] Collect body tissue, feces, blood, urine, or other body fluids for examination and analysis.
  DWAs: Collect biological specimens from patients.

[Core] [75% incumbents] Operate diagnostic equipment, such as radiographic or ultrasound equipment, and interpret the resulting images.
  DWAs: Analyze test data or images to inform diagnosis or treatment. | Operate diagnostic imaging equipment.

[Core] [75% incumbents] Advise animal owners regarding sanitary measures, feeding, general care, medical conditions, or treatment options.
  DWAs: Provide health and wellness advice to patients, program participants, or caregivers.

[Core] [75% incumbents] Attend lectures, conferences, or continuing education courses.
  DWAs: Maintain medical or professional knowledge.

[Core] [75% incumbents] Plan or execute animal nutrition or reproduction programs.
  DWAs: Develop medical treatment plans.

[Core] [75% incumbents] Conduct postmortem studies and analyses to determine the causes of animals' deaths.
  DWAs: Analyze medical data to determine cause of death.

[Supplemental] [75% incumbents] Establish or conduct quarantine or testing procedures that prevent the spread of diseases to other animals or to humans and that comply with applicable government regulations.
  DWAs: Determine protocols for medical procedures.

[Core] [74% incumbents] Treat sick or injured animals by prescribing medication, setting bones, dressing wounds, or performing surgery.
  DWAs: Treat acute illnesses, infections, or injuries. | Operate on patients to treat conditions. | Prescribe medications.

[Supplemental] [74% incumbents] Research diseases to which animals could be susceptible.
  DWAs: Conduct research to increase knowledge about medical issues.

[Supplemental] [74% incumbents] Provide care to a wide range of animals or specialize in a particular species, such as horses or exotic birds.
  DWAs: Provide care for animals.

[Supplemental] [74% incumbents] Determine the effects of drug therapies, antibiotics, or new surgical techniques by testing them on animals.
  DWAs: Conduct research to increase knowledge about medical issues.

[Supplemental] [73% incumbents] Specialize in a particular type of treatment, such as dentistry, pathology, nutrition, surgery, microbiology, or internal medicine.
  DWAs: Maintain medical or professional knowledge. | Maintain professional knowledge or certifications.

--- SKILLS ---
  Reading Comprehension (imp:4.12 lvl:4.88) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Active Listening (imp:4.12 lvl:4.25) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Active Learning (imp:4.00 lvl:4.38) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Speaking (imp:3.88 lvl:4.25) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Science (imp:3.88 lvl:4.12) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
  Critical Thinking (imp:3.88 lvl:4.25) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Writing (imp:3.50 lvl:4.12) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Monitoring (imp:3.25 lvl:3.75) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Mathematics (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Learning Strategies (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Biology (imp:4.69 lvl:5.48) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:4.69 lvl:5.94) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:4.49 lvl:5.76) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  English Language (imp:4.34 lvl:4.65) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Mathematics (imp:3.71 lvl:4.20) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Education and Training (imp:3.46 lvl:4.89) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Chemistry (imp:3.37 lvl:4.02) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:3.34 lvl:3.50) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Administration and Management (imp:3.31 lvl:3.46) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Psychology (imp:3.12 lvl:3.73) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Public Safety and Security (imp:2.94 lvl:2.84) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Computers and Electronics (imp:2.87 lvl:3.60) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Administrative (imp:2.79 lvl:3.22) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Law and Government (imp:2.75 lvl:2.50) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Sales and Marketing (imp:2.66 lvl:3.51) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:2.66 lvl:2.98) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Economics and Accounting (imp:2.61 lvl:1.92) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Physics (imp:2.35 lvl:2.49) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Communications and Media (imp:2.28 lvl:2.50) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:2.21 lvl:2.14) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Mechanical (imp:2.00 lvl:1.99) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Telecommunications (imp:1.92 lvl:1.01) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Production and Processing (imp:1.90 lvl:1.59) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Engineering and Technology (imp:1.76 lvl:1.63) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Design (imp:1.71 lvl:1.69) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Geography (imp:1.71 lvl:1.56) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Food Production (imp:1.63 lvl:0.96) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
  Foreign Language (imp:1.63 lvl:0.97) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.49 lvl:1.19) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Transportation (imp:1.38 lvl:0.61) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  History and Archeology (imp:1.31 lvl:0.76) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Fine Arts (imp:1.17) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
  Building and Construction (imp:1.16 lvl:0.68) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r

--- ABILITIES ---
  Oral Comprehension (imp:4.12 lvl:4.38) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Written Comprehension (imp:4.12 lvl:4.38) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Oral Expression (imp:4.12 lvl:4.25) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:4.00 lvl:5.12) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:4.00 lvl:4.25) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:4.00 lvl:4.88) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Near Vision (imp:4.00 lvl:4.25) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Information Ordering (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Written Expression (imp:3.62 lvl:4.12) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.62 lvl:3.50) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.62 lvl:3.50) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.25 lvl:3.50) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.25 lvl:3.38) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Selective Attention (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Finger Dexterity (imp:3.12 lvl:3.88) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:3.00 lvl:3.38) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Originality (imp:3.00 lvl:3.38) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Number Facility (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:3.00 lvl:3.88) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Manual Dexterity (imp:3.00 lvl:3.50) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Control Precision (imp:3.00 lvl:3.62) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Far Vision (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Visualization (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Time Sharing (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:2.88 lvl:3.12) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Perceptual Speed (imp:2.75 lvl:2.38) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Memorization (imp:2.62 lvl:2.38) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.50 lvl:2.88) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.38 lvl:2.50) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.38 lvl:2.25) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Trunk Strength (imp:2.25 lvl:2.25) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Stamina (imp:2.25 lvl:1.88) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Extent Flexibility (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Static Strength (imp:2.12 lvl:2.50) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Depth Perception (imp:2.12 lvl:1.88) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Dynamic Strength (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:2.00 lvl:1.00) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Response Orientation (imp:1.75 lvl:1.50) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Rate Control (imp:1.75 lvl:1.38) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Reaction Time (imp:1.75 lvl:1.50) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.38 lvl:0.50) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.25 lvl:0.25) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Spatial Orientation (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo
  Night Vision (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Sound Localization (imp:1.00) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:4.81 lvl:6.34) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Getting Information (imp:4.52 lvl:5.44) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:4.50 lvl:5.73) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:4.46 lvl:5.71) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:4.26 lvl:4.13) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:4.25 lvl:4.75) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:4.06 lvl:4.57) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:4.04 lvl:3.84) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:3.81 lvl:5.39) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:3.79 lvl:3.90) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Processing Information (imp:3.73 lvl:4.77) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:3.73 lvl:4.85) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:3.68 lvl:4.58) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:3.33 lvl:3.24) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:3.31 lvl:3.75) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:3.26 lvl:3.45) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Working with Computers (imp:3.24 lvl:2.92) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:3.22 lvl:3.53) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:3.18 lvl:3.39) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:3.14 lvl:4.05) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:3.14 lvl:3.66) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.09 lvl:3.54) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:3.08 lvl:3.40) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:3.08 lvl:3.73) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:3.06 lvl:3.55) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:3.03 lvl:3.52) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:2.88 lvl:3.64) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:2.84 lvl:3.96) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:2.81 lvl:2.85) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:2.75 lvl:3.21) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Thinking Creatively (imp:2.69 lvl:3.26) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:2.68 lvl:3.49) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:2.48 lvl:2.80) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:2.34 lvl:2.29) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:2.32 lvl:2.53) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:2.13 lvl:2.23) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:1.95 lvl:1.95) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:1.62 lvl:1.26) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:1.61 lvl:0.80) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:1.57 lvl:0.81) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:1.42 lvl:0.85) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Dependability (imp:10.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Attention to Detail (imp:9.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Integrity (imp:8.00) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Cautiousness (imp:7.00) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:6.00) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Achievement Orientation (imp:5.00) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Self-Control (imp:4.00) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Stress Tolerance (imp:3.00) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.67) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Dependability (imp:2.56) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:2.28) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Cautiousness (imp:2.28) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Integrity (imp:2.28) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Stress Tolerance (imp:2.28) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control (imp:2.26) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Perseverance (imp:2.15) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Empathy (imp:2.10) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Achievement Orientation (imp:2.01) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Empathy (imp:2.00) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation (imp:1.99) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Sincerity (imp:1.94) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Adaptability (imp:1.90) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Social Orientation (imp:1.77) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Self-Confidence (imp:1.70) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Initiative (imp:1.53) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Leadership Orientation (imp:1.53) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:1.51) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Innovation (imp:1.49) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Optimism (imp:1.36) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Humility (imp:1.15) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Perseverance (imp:1.00) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:3.88 lvl:3.75) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:3.88 lvl:4.12) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Service Orientation (imp:3.38 lvl:3.62) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:3.25 lvl:3.88) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Time Management (imp:3.25 lvl:3.50) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Coordination (imp:3.12 lvl:3.50) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Instructing (imp:3.00 lvl:3.62) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Systems Evaluation (imp:3.00 lvl:3.25) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Persuasion (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Negotiation (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Systems Analysis (imp:2.88 lvl:3.12) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Operations Analysis (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Operations Monitoring (imp:2.25 lvl:2.38) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Management of Material Resources (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Technology Design (imp:1.88 lvl:1.00) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Operation and Control (imp:1.88 lvl:1.50) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Troubleshooting (imp:1.88 lvl:1.00) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Equipment Selection (imp:1.75 lvl:1.12) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Programming (imp:1.25 lvl:0.25) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Repairing (imp:1.00) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 83,900
  annual_median    : $130,100
  annual_pct10     : $73,920
  annual_pct25     : $101,460
  annual_pct75     : $166,120
  annual_pct90     : $215,700
  annual_mean      : $142,680
  hourly_median    : $62.55

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : California ($163,920)
  lowest_state     : South Dakota ($88,650)
  dispersion_ratio : 1.849x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (50 total) ---
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:   75,700  median: $ 130,040
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:    2,270  median: $ 134,130
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:    1,910  median: $ 115,210
  Educational Services                     emp:    1,090  median: $ 121,890
  Retail Trade                             emp:      640  median: $ 150,920
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:      490  median: $ 160,570
  Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation      emp:      340  median: $ 105,980
  Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting emp:      150  median: $ 138,690
  Manufacturing                            emp:      140  median: $ 185,480
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:       70  median: $ 145,940

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (11 total) ---
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:   75,700  median: $ 130,040
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:    2,270  median: $ 134,130
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:    1,910  median: $ 115,210
  Educational Services                     emp:    1,090  median: $ 121,890
  Retail Trade                             emp:      640  median: $ 150,920
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:      490  median: $ 160,570
  Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation      emp:      340  median: $ 105,980
  Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting emp:      150  median: $ 138,690
  Manufacturing                            emp:      140  median: $ 185,480
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:       70  median: $ 145,940

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Veterinarian
match_score        : 0.9600
wikidata_qid       : Q202883
word_count         : 4,087
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veterinarian
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T21:34:55.294252Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
A veterinarian (vet) or veterinary surgeon is a medical professional who practices veterinary medicine. They manage a wide range of health conditions and injuries in non-human animals. Along with this, veterinarians also play a role in animal reproduction, health management, conservation, husbandry and breeding and preventive medicine like nutrition, vaccination and parasitic control as well as biosecurity and zoonotic disease surveillance and prevention.


== Description ==

In many countries, the local nomenclature for a veterinarian is a regulated and protected term, meaning that members of the public without the prerequisite qualifications and/or license are not able to use the title. This title is selective in order to produce the most knowledgeable veterinarians that pass these qualifications. In many cases, the activities that may be undertaken by a veterinarian (such as treatment of illness or surgery in animals) are restricted only to those professionals who are registered as a veterinarian. For instance, in the United Kingdom, as in other jurisdictions, animal treatment may only be performed by registered veterinarians (with a few designated exceptions, such as paraveterinary workers), and it is illegal for any person who is not registered to call themselves a veterinarian, prescribe any drugs, or perform treatment.
Most veterinarians work in a clinical setting or bricks and mortar practice, treating animals directly. Other vets work as mobile vets offering veterinary services and treating patients in their clients' home. Veterinarians may be involved in general practice, treating animals of all types; they may be specialized in a specific group of animals such as companion animals, livestock, zoo animals or equines; or may specialize in a narrow medical discipline such as surgery, dermatology or internal medicine. As with other healthcare professionals, veterinarians face ethical decisions about the care of their patients. Current debates within the profession include the ethics of certain procedures believed to be purely cosmetic or unnecessary for behavioral issues, such as declawing of cats, docking of tails, cropping of ears and debarking on dogs.


== Etymology and nomenclature ==
The word "veterinary" comes from the Latin veterinae meaning "working animals". "Veterinarian" was first used in print by Thomas Browne in 1646. Although "vet" is commonly used as an abbreviation in all English-speaking countries, the occupation is formally referred to as a veterinary surgeon in the United Kingdom and Ireland and now as a veterinarian in most of the rest of the English-speaking world.


== History ==

Ancient Indian sage and veterinarian Shalihotra (mythological estimate c. 2350 BCE), the son of a sage, Hayagosha, is considered the founder of veterinary sciences.

The first veterinary college was founded in Lyon, France, in 1762 by Claude Bourgelat. According to Lupton, after observing the devastation being caused by cattle plague to the French herds, Bourgelat devoted his time to seeking out a remedy. This resulted in his founding a veterinary college in Lyon in 1761, from which establishment he dispatched students to combat the disease; in a short time, the plague was stayed and the health of stock restored, through the assistance rendered to agriculture by veterinary science and art.

The Odiham Agricultural Society was founded in 1783 in England to promote agriculture and industry, and played an important role in the foundation of the veterinary profession in Britain. A 1785 Society meeting resolved to "promote the study of Farriery upon rational scientific principles."
The professionalization of the veterinary trade was finally achieved in 1790, through the campaigning of Granville Penn, who persuaded the Frenchman Charles Vial de Sainbel to accept the professorship of the newly established Veterinary College in London. The Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons was established by royal charter in 1844.

Veterinary science came of age in the late 19th century, with notable contributions from Sir John McFadyean, credited by many as having been the founder of modern veterinary research.


== Roles and responsibilities ==
Veterinarians treat disease, disorder or injury in animals, which includes diagnosis, treatment and aftercare. The scope of practice, specialty and experience of the individual veterinarian will dictate exactly what interventions they perform, but most will perform surgery (of differing complexity).
Unlike in human medicine, veterinarians must rely primarily on clinical signs, as animals are unable to vocalize symptoms as a human would. In some cases, owners may be able to provide a medical history and the veterinarian can combine this information along with observations, and the results of pertinent diagnostic tests such as radiography, CT scans, MRI, blood tests, urinalysis and others.
Veterinarians must consider the appropriateness of euthanasia ("putting to sleep") if a condition is likely to leave the animal in pain or with a poor quality of life, or if treatment of a condition is likely to cause more harm to the patient than good, or if the patient is unlikely to survive any treatment regimen. Additionally, there are scenarios where euthanasia is considered due to the constraints of the client's finances.
As with human medicine, much veterinary work is concerned with prophylactic treatment, in order to prevent problems occurring in the future. Common interventions include vaccination against common animal illnesses, such as distemper or rabies, and dental prophylaxis to prevent or inhibit dental disease. This may also involve owner education so as to avoid future medical or behavioral issues.
Additionally, veterinarians play important roles in public health through food safety and zoonotic disease prevention.


== Employment ==

The majority of veterinarians are employed in private practice treating animals (75% of vets in the United States, according to the American Veterinary Medical Association).
Small animal veterinarians typically work in veterinary clinics, veterinary hospitals, or both. Large animal veterinarians often spend more time travelling to see their patients at the primary facilities which house them, such as zoos or farms.
Other employers include charities treating animals, colleges of veterinary medicine, research laboratories, animal food companies, and pharmaceutical companies. In many countries, the government may also be a major employer of veterinarians, such as the United States Department of Agriculture or the Animal and Plant Health Agency in the United Kingdom. State and local governments also employ veterinarians.
The COVID-19 pandemic has created a greater demand for veterinary services. Many people are home with extra time on their hands, and adoption agencies and animals shelters have seen a surge in pet purchases as a result. The American Veterinary Medical Association has provided COVID-19 resources for veterinarians on prevention measures, animal testing, and wellbeing.


=== Focus of practice ===

Veterinarians and their practices may be specialized in certain areas of veterinary medicine. Areas of focus include:

Exotic animal veterinarian – Specializes in treating animals other than common pets and livestock. Includes reptiles, exotic birds such as parrots and cockatoos, and small mammals such as ferrets, rabbits, and chinchillas.
Conservation medicine – The study of the relationship between animal and human health and environmental information.
Small animal practice – Usually dogs, cats, and other companion animals/household pets such as hamsters and gerbils. Some practices are canine-only or feline-only practices.
Laboratory animal practice – Some veterinarians work in a university or industrial laboratory and are responsible for the care and treatment of laboratory animals of any species (often involving bovines, porcine species, felines, canines, rodents, and even exotic anim

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Federation of Veterinarians of Europe (similarity: 0.5200)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Veterinarians_of_Europe
  QID: Q5440896
  Extract: The Federation of Veterinarians of Europe (FVE) is a non-profit umbrella organisation of veterinary organisations from 38 European countries. It was founded in 1975 and nowadays represents around 200,000 European veterinarians. The FVE strives to support veterinarians in delivering their professiona

  Title: Jan Pol (similarity: 0.2000)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Pol
  QID: Q20760441
  Extract: Jan-Harm Pol is a Dutch-American veterinarian who starred on the reality television show The Incredible Dr. Pol on Nat Geo Wild.

  Title: David Sands (psychologist) (similarity: 0.2564)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Sands_(psychologist)
  QID: Q16226227
  Extract: David Sands is an animal psychologist, author and television presenter based in Chorley, Lancashire.

  Title: Emotional support animal (similarity: 0.4324)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotional_support_animal
  QID: Q5373799
  Extract: 

An emotional support animal (ESA) is an animal that provides support to individuals with a mental health or psychiatric disability. Emotional support animals are not required to be trained. Any animal that provides support, comfort, or aid, to an individual through companionship, unconditional pos

  Title: Familiar (similarity: 0.2857)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familiar
  QID: Q386905
  Extract: In European folklore of the medieval and early modern periods, familiars were believed to be supernatural entities, interdimensional beings, or spiritual guardians that would protect or assist witches and cunning folk in their practice of magic, divination, and spiritual insight. According to record

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong confidence supported by comprehensive O*NET data, exact Wikipedia match, clear educational requirements (79.2% doctoral degrees), and detailed wage/employment statistics from BLS OEWS May 2025.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T18:55:13.737516+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,729
tokens_output        : 4,367
cost_usd             : $0.047924
wikipedia_used       : True
wikipedia_title      : Veterinarian
wikipedia_note       : Wikipedia confirms veterinarians as medical professionals practicing veterinary medicine who manage health conditions in non-human animals. The definition aligns with O*NET data emphasizing diagnostic, treatment, and preventive medicine roles including vaccination and health management.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Veterinarians are medical professionals who diagnose, treat, and prevent diseases and injuries in animals, ranging from companion pets to livestock and laboratory animals. They combine advanced medical knowledge with surgical skills to provide comprehensive healthcare services, conducting examinations, performing surgeries, prescribing treatments, and educating pet owners about animal health. Veterinarians work in diverse settings including private practices, animal hospitals, research facilities, and government agencies, requiring extensive medical training and continuous learning to stay current with veterinary medicine advances.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
A veterinarian's day involves examining animals to assess their physical condition and diagnose diseases or injuries, often collecting biological specimens like blood, urine, or tissue samples for laboratory analysis. They perform medical procedures including vaccinations against diseases like rabies and distemper, conduct surgeries, and prescribe appropriate treatments for various conditions. Administrative responsibilities include documenting patient information, scheduling appointments, managing client payments, and maintaining medical facility records. Veterinarians also spend significant time counseling pet owners about treatment options, preventive care, and sometimes difficult end-of-life decisions, while supervising veterinary technicians and support staff. Those in specialized roles may inspect livestock for communicable diseases or direct operations of animal hospitals and mobile veterinary services.

WHO THRIVES:
Successful veterinarians possess exceptional dependability and attention to detail, as animal lives depend on accurate diagnoses and precise medical procedures. They demonstrate strong intellectual curiosity combined with investigative and realistic interests, enjoying both scientific problem-solving and hands-on medical work with animals. The role requires excellent communication skills for interpreting complex medical information to concerned pet owners and maintaining compassionate interpersonal relationships during emotionally charged situations. Individuals who thrive display high integrity and cautiousness in their decision-making, understanding that their medical judgments directly impact animal welfare and client trust.

CAREER ENTRY:
Veterinarians must complete a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) degree, with 79.2% holding doctoral degrees and requiring extensive preparation through Job Zone 5 education pathways. Entry typically requires completion of a rigorous veterinary medicine program that includes at least 6 academic years of study, with some positions requiring 2+ years of college coursework before program admission. Many veterinarians pursue post-doctoral training (11.7%) or specialized residencies to develop expertise in areas like surgery, internal medicine, or emergency care, while others enter practice directly after graduation with their first professional degree (9.1%).

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Veterinarians can advance into specialized practice areas such as emergency medicine, pathology, surgery, or dermatology, with many developing expertise in specific animal types like equine or laboratory animal care. Career progression often leads to practice ownership, hospital management roles, or positions directing animal healthcare operations across multiple facilities. Advanced practitioners may transition into research and development, government inspection roles, or academic positions training future veterinarians, with some pursuing board certification in specialized veterinary disciplines.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
Veterinarians earn a median annual salary of $130,100 according to BLS OEWS May 2025 data, with wages ranging from $73,920 to $215,700 annually across the profession's 83,900 employed practitioners. Geographic wage variation is moderate with a 1.85x ratio between highest-paying California ($163,920) and lowest-paying South Dakota ($88,650), reflecting regional differences in cost of living and demand for veterinary services. Employment is heavily concentrated in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services (75,700 positions), with smaller numbers in Other Services (2,270) and government roles (1,910). The profession shows strong market demand driven by increasing pet ownership, growing awareness of animal health, and expanding roles in food safety inspection and public health protection.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
Veterinary medicine faces minimal automation risk due to the complex nature of animal examination, diagnosis, and treatment that requires hands-on assessment and adaptive problem-solving. While diagnostic imaging and laboratory analysis may become more automated, the core activities of physical examination, surgical procedures, and client counseling require human expertise, empathy, and judgment that cannot be easily replicated by technology.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [career_pathway] Veterinary Technologists and Technicians (29-2056.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Direct supervision relationship with veterinary technicians as shown in 'Train or supervise workers who handle or care for animals' task.
    data: Train or supervise workers who handle or care for animals task
    data: Primary-Short relationship in related occupations
  [career_pathway] Veterinary Assistants and Laboratory Animal Caretakers (31-9096.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Hierarchical relationship where veterinarians supervise and train assistants in animal care procedures.
    data: Train or supervise workers task
    data: Primary-Short relationship
    data: Animal care supervision activities
  [knowledge_overlap] Physicians, Pathologists (29-1222.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Shared pathology knowledge with 'Collect body tissue, feces, blood, urine, or other body fluids for examination and analysis' task.
    data: Primary-Short relationship
    data: Biology knowledge level 5.5
    data: Specimen collection tasks
  [task_similarity] Emergency Medicine Physicians (29-1214.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Similar emergency diagnostic and treatment procedures with 'Examine animals to detect and determine the nature of diseases or injuries' matching emergency assessment skills.
    data: Primary-Short relationship
    data: Emergency diagnostic tasks
    data: Problem sensitivity ability level 5.1
  [skill_overlap] General Internal Medicine Physicians (29-1216.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Shared diagnostic skills and medical knowledge with Medicine and Dentistry knowledge importance 4.7 and level 5.9.
    data: Primary-Long relationship
    data: Medicine and Dentistry knowledge level 5.9
    data: Diagnostic examination tasks

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['veterinarian', 'veterinary', 'animal doctor', 'vet', 'dvm', 'animal medicine', 'veterinary medicine', 'animal health']
  exclude_keywords : ['veterinary technician', 'vet tech', 'animal caretaker', 'kennel', 'groomer']
  title_patterns   : ['Doctor of Veterinary Medicine', 'DVM', 'Veterinarian', 'Animal Doctor', 'Veterinary Surgeon']
  common_variations: ['vet', 'veterinary doctor', 'animal veterinarian', 'small animal vet', 'large animal vet', 'equine vet', 'emergency vet', 'veterinary practitioner']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['veterinary', 'veterinarians', 'animal', 'animals', 'medicine', 'tendency', 'medical', 'others', 'practice', 'equipment', 'human', 'health', 'veterinarian', 'united', 'treatment', 'care', 'includes', 'principles', 'states', 'services']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
veterinary                 97  0.01943  wikipedia            wikipedia:91%  inference:9%
veterinarians              69  0.01382  wikipedia            wikipedia:86%  inference:14%
animal                     57  0.01142  wikipedia            wikipedia:70%  inference:18%  onet_tasks:5%
animals                    48  0.00962  wikipedia            wikipedia:62%  onet_tasks:25%  inference:10%
medicine                   48  0.00962  wikipedia            wikipedia:79%  inference:17%  onet_tasks:2%
tendency                   42  0.00841  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
medical                    40  0.00801  wikipedia            wikipedia:42%  dwas:28%  inference:25%
others                     40  0.00801  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:95%  wikipedia:2%  inference:2%
practice                   30  0.00601  wikipedia            wikipedia:90%  inference:10%
equipment                  29  0.00581  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:79%  wikipedia:10%  onet_tasks:7%
human                      29  0.00581  wikipedia            wikipedia:69%  onet_dimensions:24%  inference:7%
health                     28  0.00561  wikipedia            wikipedia:71%  inference:18%  dwas:7%
veterinarian               26  0.00521  wikipedia            wikipedia:96%  inference:4%
united                     20  0.00401  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
treatment                  19  0.00381  wikipedia            wikipedia:47%  onet_dimensions:16%  inference:16%
care                       17  0.00341  wikipedia            wikipedia:47%  onet_tasks:18%  inference:18%
includes                   17  0.00341  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:71%  wikipedia:24%  inference:6%
principles                 17  0.00341  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:94%  wikipedia:6%
states                     17  0.00341  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
services                   16  0.00320  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:38%  inference:31%  wikipedia:25%
procedures                 16  0.00320  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:50%  inference:19%  dwas:12%
many                       16  0.00320  wikipedia            wikipedia:88%  inference:12%
diseases                   15  0.00300  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:40%  wikipedia:27%  inference:27%
body                       15  0.00300  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  wikipedia:20%  onet_tasks:13%
species                    15  0.00300  wikipedia            wikipedia:93%  onet_tasks:7%
control                    14  0.00280  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:86%  wikipedia:14%
practices                  13  0.00260  wikipedia            wikipedia:77%  onet_dimensions:15%  inference:8%
management                 12  0.00240  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:58%  wikipedia:17%  inference:17%
surgery                    12  0.00240  wikipedia            wikipedia:67%  onet_tasks:17%  inference:17%
techniques                 12  0.00240  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:83%  onet_tasks:8%  wikipedia:8%
objects                    12  0.00240  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
disease                    12  0.00240  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
research                   11  0.00220  wikipedia            wikipedia:45%  dwas:18%  inference:18%
safety                     11  0.00220  wikipedia            wikipedia:82%  onet_dimensions:9%  inference:9%
physical                   11  0.00220  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:55%  dwas:18%  inference:18%
ideas                      11  0.00220  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
activities                 11  0.00220  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:82%  wikipedia:9%  inference:9%
patients                   11  0.00220  dwas                 dwas:64%  wikipedia:27%  onet_dimensions:9%
vet                        11  0.00220  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
schools                    11  0.00220  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%