[Core] [22% incumbents] Maintain patient records at all stages, including initial and subsequent evaluation and treatment activities.
  DWAs: Record patient medical histories.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Evaluate hearing and balance disorders to determine diagnoses and courses of treatment.
  DWAs: Analyze test data or images to inform diagnosis or treatment.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Fit, dispense, and repair assistive devices, such as hearing aids.
  DWAs: Adjust prostheses or other assistive devices.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Administer hearing tests and examine patients to collect information on type and degree of impairment, using specialized instruments and electronic equipment.
  DWAs: Test patient hearing. | Examine patients to assess general physical condition. | Operate diagnostic or therapeutic medical instruments or equipment.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Monitor patients' progress and provide ongoing observation of hearing or balance status.
  DWAs: Monitor patient progress or responses to treatments.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Instruct patients, parents, teachers, or employers in communication strategies to maximize effective receptive communication.
  DWAs: Train patients, family members, or caregivers in techniques for managing disabilities or illnesses.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Counsel and instruct patients and their families in techniques to improve hearing and communication related to hearing loss.
  DWAs: Train patients, family members, or caregivers in techniques for managing disabilities or illnesses.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Refer patients to additional medical or educational services, if needed.
  DWAs: Refer patients to other healthcare practitioners or health resources.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Participate in conferences or training to update or share knowledge of new hearing or balance disorder treatment methods or technologies.
  DWAs: Maintain medical or professional knowledge.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Examine and clean patients' ear canals.
  DWAs: Examine patients to assess general physical condition. | Administer basic health care or medical treatments.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Recommend assistive devices according to patients' needs or nature of impairments.
  DWAs: Recommend types of assistive devices.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Advise educators or other medical staff on hearing or balance topics.
  DWAs: Advise medical personnel regarding healthcare issues.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Program and monitor cochlear implants to fit the needs of patients.
  DWAs: Enter patient or treatment data into computers.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Educate and supervise audiology students and health care personnel.
  DWAs: Train medical providers. | Supervise patient care personnel.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Plan and conduct treatment programs for patients' hearing or balance problems, consulting with educators, physicians, nurses, psychologists, speech-language pathologists, and other health care personnel, as necessary.
  DWAs: Develop medical treatment plans. | Collaborate with healthcare professionals to plan or provide treatment.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Work with multidisciplinary teams to assess and rehabilitate recipients of implanted hearing devices through auditory training and counseling.
  DWAs: Collaborate with healthcare professionals to plan or provide treatment.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Conduct or direct research on hearing or balance topics and report findings to help in the development of procedures, technology, or treatments.
  DWAs: Conduct research to increase knowledge about medical issues. | Present medical research reports.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Perform administrative tasks, such as managing office functions and finances.
  DWAs: Manage healthcare operations.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Provide information to the public on hearing or balance topics.
  DWAs: Communicate health and wellness information to the public.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Engage in marketing activities, such as developing marketing plans, to promote business for private practices.
  DWAs: Merchandise healthcare products or services.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Measure noise levels in workplaces and conduct hearing conservation programs in industry, military, schools, and communities.
  DWAs: Inspect work environments to ensure safety. | Conduct health or safety training programs.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Develop and supervise hearing screening programs.
  DWAs: Develop health assessment methods or programs. | Manage healthcare operations.

--- SKILLS ---
  Reading Comprehension (imp:4.12 lvl:5.00) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Active Listening (imp:4.12 lvl:4.50) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Writing (imp:4.00 lvl:4.25) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Speaking (imp:4.00 lvl:4.38) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Critical Thinking (imp:4.00 lvl:4.25) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Active Learning (imp:4.00 lvl:4.38) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Monitoring (imp:3.75 lvl:4.12) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Learning Strategies (imp:3.38 lvl:3.88) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Science (imp:3.00 lvl:3.25) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
  Mathematics (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — Using mathematics to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:4.81 lvl:5.86) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:4.59 lvl:5.64) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Psychology (imp:4.32 lvl:5.18) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:4.27 lvl:4.77) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  English Language (imp:4.18 lvl:4.41) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Sales and Marketing (imp:4.09 lvl:4.82) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Computers and Electronics (imp:4.09 lvl:4.64) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Biology (imp:3.95 lvl:4.14) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Education and Training (imp:3.91 lvl:4.95) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Administrative (imp:3.68 lvl:4.64) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Administration and Management (imp:3.38 lvl:4.00) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Economics and Accounting (imp:3.32 lvl:3.41) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:3.19 lvl:3.86) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Mathematics (imp:3.00 lvl:3.59) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Engineering and Technology (imp:2.91 lvl:3.23) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Communications and Media (imp:2.81 lvl:3.00) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:2.76 lvl:3.45) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Law and Government (imp:2.73 lvl:3.00) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Telecommunications (imp:2.64 lvl:2.36) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Public Safety and Security (imp:2.50 lvl:2.36) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Physics (imp:2.48 lvl:2.59) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Mechanical (imp:2.30 lvl:2.50) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Production and Processing (imp:2.05 lvl:2.00) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Chemistry (imp:1.95 lvl:1.77) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Design (imp:1.91 lvl:1.73) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Foreign Language (imp:1.91 lvl:1.73) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.64 lvl:1.59) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Transportation (imp:1.50 lvl:0.86) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Geography (imp:1.23 lvl:0.45) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Building and Construction (imp:1.14 lvl:0.36) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Fine Arts (imp:1.09 lvl:0.14) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
  History and Archeology (imp:1.09 lvl:0.23) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Food Production (imp:1.00) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food

--- ABILITIES ---
  Oral Comprehension (imp:4.12 lvl:5.00) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Written Comprehension (imp:4.12 lvl:4.75) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Oral Expression (imp:4.00 lvl:4.75) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Written Expression (imp:4.00 lvl:4.38) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:4.00 lvl:5.12) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:4.00 lvl:4.62) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:4.00 lvl:4.88) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Near Vision (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.75 lvl:4.12) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Information Ordering (imp:3.62 lvl:4.00) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:3.50 lvl:3.75) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Auditory Attention (imp:3.38 lvl:3.25) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.25 lvl:3.38) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Originality (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.12 lvl:3.38) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Perceptual Speed (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:3.00 lvl:3.25) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Speed of Closure (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Finger Dexterity (imp:3.00 lvl:3.88) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Control Precision (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Memorization (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Selective Attention (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Time Sharing (imp:2.88 lvl:2.50) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Manual Dexterity (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Far Vision (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Number Facility (imp:2.50 lvl:2.75) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Visualization (imp:2.50 lvl:2.75) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:2.38 lvl:1.88) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Trunk Strength (imp:2.12 lvl:1.88) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Response Orientation (imp:1.88 lvl:1.75) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:1.88 lvl:1.12) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Rate Control (imp:1.75 lvl:0.88) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Static Strength (imp:1.75 lvl:0.75) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Reaction Time (imp:1.62 lvl:0.75) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Depth Perception (imp:1.62 lvl:1.00) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Sound Localization (imp:1.62 lvl:0.62) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
  Extent Flexibility (imp:1.50 lvl:0.62) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Spatial Orientation (imp:1.00) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Dynamic Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Stamina (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:1.00) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Night Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:4.86 lvl:5.32) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:4.77 lvl:5.86) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Working with Computers (imp:4.77 lvl:4.09) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:4.73 lvl:5.45) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:4.71 lvl:5.33) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Getting Information (imp:4.62 lvl:5.05) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:4.59 lvl:4.73) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:4.57 lvl:5.45) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:4.38 lvl:4.48) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:4.33 lvl:4.86) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:4.29 lvl:4.95) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:4.14 lvl:5.09) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:4.14 lvl:4.86) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:4.10 lvl:4.41) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:4.05 lvl:4.71) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:4.05 lvl:4.68) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Processing Information (imp:3.95 lvl:4.90) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:3.91 lvl:4.32) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:3.91 lvl:4.86) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:3.86 lvl:4.55) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:3.86 lvl:4.77) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:3.82 lvl:4.59) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.81 lvl:4.29) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:3.71 lvl:3.45) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:3.57 lvl:4.41) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:3.55 lvl:4.68) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:3.55 lvl:3.55) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:3.50 lvl:4.09) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:3.45 lvl:3.55) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:3.36 lvl:4.09) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:3.32 lvl:4.09) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:3.32 lvl:3.36) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Thinking Creatively (imp:3.27 lvl:3.86) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:3.16 lvl:3.24) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:3.05 lvl:3.73) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:3.00 lvl:4.05) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:3.00 lvl:3.73) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:2.73 lvl:2.68) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:2.23 lvl:1.86) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:2.14 lvl:1.73) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:1.64 lvl:0.86) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Dependability (imp:9.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Attention to Detail (imp:8.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Integrity (imp:7.00) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Cautiousness (imp:6.00) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:5.00) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Cooperation (imp:4.00) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Social Orientation (imp:3.00) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.70) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Dependability (imp:2.56) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Empathy (imp:2.47) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation (imp:2.30) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Social Orientation (imp:2.20) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Cautiousness (imp:2.17) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Integrity (imp:2.10) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:2.08) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Sincerity (imp:2.00) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy (imp:2.00) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Self-Control (imp:1.95) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Achievement Orientation (imp:1.83) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Perseverance (imp:1.74) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Adaptability (imp:1.68) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Optimism (imp:1.56) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Self-Confidence (imp:1.47) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Stress Tolerance (imp:1.43) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Innovation (imp:1.33) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Initiative (imp:1.32) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Humility (imp:1.19) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:1.12) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Sincerity (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Leadership Orientation (imp:0.90) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Achievement Orientation () — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:4.00 lvl:4.50) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Service Orientation (imp:3.62 lvl:3.75) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:3.62 lvl:3.88) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Coordination (imp:3.38 lvl:3.50) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Time Management (imp:3.25 lvl:3.00) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Persuasion (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Instructing (imp:3.12 lvl:3.88) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Systems Analysis (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Systems Evaluation (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Operations Monitoring (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Negotiation (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Operations Analysis (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Equipment Selection (imp:2.12 lvl:2.62) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Operation and Control (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Troubleshooting (imp:2.12 lvl:2.62) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Repairing (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
  Technology Design (imp:1.88 lvl:1.50) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:1.88 lvl:1.62) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Management of Material Resources (imp:1.88 lvl:1.75) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Programming (imp:1.75 lvl:1.00) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Installation (imp:1.25 lvl:0.25) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 13,660
  annual_median    : $95,780
  annual_pct10     : $64,610
  annual_pct25     : $79,340
  annual_pct75     : $111,300
  annual_pct90     : $133,120
  annual_mean      : $97,740
  hourly_median    : $46.05

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : Nevada ($133,110)
  lowest_state     : Louisiana ($75,200)
  dispersion_ratio : 1.770x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (49 total) ---
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:   10,520  median: $  96,030
  Retail Trade                             emp:    1,370  median: $  87,990
  Educational Services                     emp:    1,290  median: $  98,110
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:      220  median: $ 129,430
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:      110  median: $  92,970

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (5 total) ---
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:   10,520  median: $  96,030
  Retail Trade                             emp:    1,370  median: $  87,990
  Educational Services                     emp:    1,290  median: $  98,110
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:      220  median: $ 129,430
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:      110  median: $  92,970

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Audiology
match_score        : 0.7619
wikidata_qid       : Q569965
word_count         : 1,815
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audiology
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T21:37:01.577608Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
Audiology (from Latin audīre 'to hear'; and from Greek branch of learning -λογία, -logia) is a branch of science that studies hearing, balance, and related disorders.  Audiologists treat those with hearing loss and proactively prevent related damage. By employing various testing strategies (e.g. behavioral hearing tests, otoacoustic emission measurements, and electrophysiologic tests), audiologists aim to determine whether someone has normal sensitivity to sounds. 
If hearing loss is identified, audiologists determine which portions of hearing (high, middle, or low frequencies) are affected, to what degree (severity of loss), and where the lesion causing the hearing loss is found (outer ear, middle ear, inner ear, auditory nerve and/or central nervous system). If an audiologist determines that a hearing loss or vestibular abnormality is present, they will provide recommendations for interventions or rehabilitation (e.g. hearing aids, cochlear implants, appropriate medical referrals).
In addition to diagnosing audiologic and vestibular pathologies, audiologists can also specialize in rehabilitation of tinnitus, hyperacusis, misophonia, auditory processing disorders, cochlear implant use and/or hearing aid use. Audiologists can provide hearing health care from birth to end-of-life.


== Audiologist ==
An audiologist is a healthcare provider specializing in identifying, diagnosing, treating, and monitoring disorders of the auditory and vestibular systems. Audiologists are trained to diagnose, manage, and/or treat hearing, tinnitus, or balance problems. They dispense, manage, and rehabilitate hearing aids and assess candidacy for and map hearing implants, such as cochlear implants, middle ear implants, and bone conduction implants. They counsel families through a new diagnosis of hearing loss in infants and help teach coping and compensation skills to late-deafened adults. They also help design and implement personal and industrial hearing safety programs, newborn hearing screening programs, school hearing screening programs, and provide special or custom fitted ear plugs and other hearing protection devices to help prevent hearing loss. Audiologists are trained to evaluate peripheral vestibular disorders originating from pathologies of the vestibular portion of the inner ear. They also provide treatment for certain vestibular and balance disorders, such as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. In addition, many audiologists work as auditory or acoustic scientists in a research capacity.
Audiologists are trained in anatomy and physiology, hearing aids, cochlear implants, electrophysiology, acoustics, psychophysics and psychoacoustics, neurology, vestibular function and assessment, balance disorders, counseling, and communication options such as sign language. They may also run a neonatal hearing screening program, which has been made compulsory in many US, UK, and Indian hospitals. An audiologist usually graduates with one of the following qualifications: BSc, MSc(Audiology), AuD, STI, PhD, or ScD, depending on the program and country attended.


== History ==

The use of the terms audiology and audiologist in publications has been traced back only as far as 1946. The creator of the term remains unknown, but Berger identified possible originators as Mayer BA Schier, Willard B Hargrave, Stanley Nowak, Norman Canfield, or Raymond Carhart. In a biographical profile by Robert Galambos, Hallowell Davis is credited with coining the term in the 1940s, saying the then-prevalent term "auricular training" sounded like a method of teaching people how to wiggle their ears.  The first US university course for audiologists was offered by Carhart at Northwestern University, in 1946.
Audiology was born of interdisciplinary collaboration. The substantial prevalence of hearing loss observed in the veteran population after World War II inspired the creation of the field as it is known today.  The International Society of Audiology (ISA) was founded in 1952 to "...facilitate the knowledge, protection and rehabilitation of human hearing" and to "...serve as an advocate for the profession and for the hearing impaired throughout the world." It promotes interactions among national societies, associations and organizations that have similar missions, through the organization of a biannual world congress, through the publication of the scientific peer-reviewed International Journal of Audiology and by offering support to the World Health Organization's efforts towards addressing the needs of the hearing impaired and deaf community.


== Requirements ==
The International Society of Audiology maintains Global Audiology, which is a portal in Wikiversity that provides information on audiology education and practice around the world. Summary information is provided below:


=== Australia ===
In Australia, audiologists must hold a Master of Audiology, Master of Clinical Audiology, Master of Audiology Studies, or alternatively a bachelor's degree from overseas certified by the private agency Vocational Education, Training and Assessment Services (VETASSESS). Although audiologists in Australia are not required to be members of any professional body, audiology graduates can undergo a clinical training program or internship leading to accreditation with Audiology Australia (AudA) or the Australian College of Audiology (ACAud), which involves supervised practice and professional development, and typically lasts one year.
To provide rehabilitative services to eligible pensioners, war veterans, and children and young adults under 26 as part of the Hearing Services Program, an audiologist must hold a qualified practitioner (QP) number, which can be sought by first obtaining accreditation.


=== Brazil ===
In Brazil, audiology training is part of speech pathology and audiology undergraduate, four-year courses. The University of São Paulo was the first university to offer a bachelor's degree, and it started operations in 1977. At the federal level, the recognition of the educational programs and the profession of speech pathologists and audiologists took place on December 9, 1981, signed by President João Figueiredo (law no. 6965). The  terms  audiology and  audiologist can be tracked in Brazilian publications since 1946.  The work of audiologists in Brazil was described in 2007.


=== Canada ===
In Canada, a master's of science (MSc) is the minimum requirement for practicing audiology. The profession is regulated in New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and British Columbia, where it is illegal to practice without being registered as a full member of the appropriate provincial regulatory body.


=== Bangladesh ===
A BSc (Hons) in audiology and speech-language pathology is required.


=== India ===
To practice audiology, professionals need a bachelor's or master's degree in audiology and registration with the Rehabilitation Council of India (RCI).


=== Malaysia ===
Three Malaysian educational institutions offer degrees in audiology.


=== United Kingdom ===
There are currently five routes to becoming a registered audiologist:

FdSc in hearing aid audiology
BSc in audiology
MSc in audiology
Fast-track conversion Diploma for those with a BSc in another relevant science subject, available at Southampton, Manchester, UCL, London, and Edinburgh
BSc(Hons) in clinical physiology (audiology) available at Glasgow Caledonian University (all applicants must be NHS employees)


=== United States ===
In the United States, audiologists are regulated by state licensure or registration in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Starting in 2007, the doctor of audiology (AuD) became the entry-level degree for clinical practice for some states, with most states expected to follow this requirement very soon, as there are no longer any professional programs in audiology that offer the master's degree. Minimum requirements for the AuD degree include a minimum of 75 semester hours of

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Doctor of Audiology (similarity: 0.5161)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_of_Audiology
  QID: Q3982454
  Extract: The Doctor of Audiology is a professional degree for an audiologist. The AuD program is designed to produce audiologists who are skilled in providing diagnostic, rehabilitative, and other services associated with hearing, balance, tinnitus management, and related audiological fields. These individua

  Title: Speech-Language and Audiology Canada (similarity: 0.3333)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech-Language_and_Audiology_Canada
  QID: Q5029734
  Extract: Speech-Language & Audiology Canada (SAC), formerly known as the Canadian Association of Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists (CASLPA), is a national organization supporting and representing speech-language pathologists, audiologists, and communication health assistants. The association adop

  Title: American Speech–Language–Hearing Association (similarity: 0.1429)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Speech%E2%80%93Language%E2%80%93Hearing_Association
  QID: Q4745140
  Extract: The American Speech–Language–Hearing Association (ASHA) is a professional association for speech–language pathologists, audiologists, and speech, language, and hearing scientists in the United States and internationally. The association reported over 234,000 members and affiliates in its 2023 report

  Title: Health professional (similarity: 0.2581)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_professional
  QID: Q11974939
  Extract: A health professional, healthcare professional (HCP), or healthcare worker is a provider of health care treatment and advice based on formal training and experience. The field includes those who work as a nurse, physician, perfusionist, physician assistant, registered dietitian, emergency medical te

  Title: Susan Shore (similarity: 0.1739)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Shore
  QID: Q89047191
  Extract: Susan Ellen Shore is an American audiologist who is the Merle Lawrence Collegiate Professor of Otolaryngology at the University of Michigan. She was elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2021.

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong confidence supported by comprehensive O*NET data, clear educational requirements, and robust wage statistics from BLS OEWS May 2025.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T19:03:55.326792+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,515
tokens_output        : 4,073
cost_usd             : $0.043492
wikipedia_used       : True
wikipedia_title      : Audiology
wikipedia_note       : Wikipedia confirms audiology as the scientific study of hearing and balance disorders, with audiologists treating hearing loss and preventing related damage. The match validates the professional scope and preventive care aspects of the occupation.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Audiologists are healthcare professionals who assess, diagnose, and treat hearing and balance disorders, requiring extensive graduate-level education and clinical training. They fit hearing aids, conduct comprehensive hearing evaluations, and provide auditory rehabilitation services to patients across the lifespan. With 95.5% holding doctoral degrees, they combine clinical expertise with patient counseling to improve communication outcomes and quality of life.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
Audiologists conduct hearing tests using specialized equipment to evaluate type and degree of impairment, analyzing test data to inform diagnoses and treatment plans. They fit, dispense, and repair hearing aids and other assistive devices, adjusting them for optimal patient outcomes. Patient documentation occupies significant time, maintaining detailed records from initial evaluation through ongoing treatment activities. They counsel patients and families on communication strategies, providing training to maximize effective receptive communication. Regular case conferences and professional development activities keep them current with new hearing disorder treatment methods.

WHO THRIVES:
Successful audiologists demonstrate exceptional dependability and attention to detail, as precise testing and device fitting directly impact patient outcomes. They possess strong investigative and social interests, combining scientific curiosity about hearing disorders with genuine care for helping others communicate effectively. High oral and written comprehension abilities enable them to process complex medical information and explain technical concepts clearly to patients and families. Problem sensitivity and deductive reasoning skills help them identify subtle hearing issues and develop appropriate treatment approaches.

CAREER ENTRY:
Entry requires a Doctor of Audiology (AuD) degree, with 95.5% of practitioners holding doctoral-level education and 4.5% completing post-doctoral training. Clinical rotations and supervised practice are essential components of audiological education. State licensure and certification from professional organizations like the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association are typically required for practice.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Audiologists can specialize in pediatric audiology, industrial hearing conservation, or forensic audiology, with some pursuing roles as educational audiologists in school systems. Career advancement may lead to clinic ownership, research positions, or academic appointments in audiology programs. The combination of clinical skills and business acumen opens opportunities in hearing aid retail and audiology practice management.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
The field employs 13,660 professionals nationwide with a median annual wage of $95,780 according to BLS OEWS May 2025, ranging from $64,610 at the 10th percentile to $133,120 at the 90th percentile. Geographic variation is moderate with Nevada offering the highest wages at $133,110 compared to Louisiana's $75,200, a 1.77x ratio. Primary employment occurs in health care and social assistance settings (10,520 employed), followed by retail trade (1,370) and educational services (1,290). The profession benefits from an aging population increasing demand for hearing healthcare services.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
Audiology shows moderate resistance to automation due to the complex interpersonal aspects of patient care and counseling that require human judgment and empathy. While basic hearing testing equipment continues advancing, the interpretation of results and development of individualized treatment plans remain highly dependent on clinical expertise and patient interaction skills.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [riasec_cluster] Speech-Language Pathologists (29-1127.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles share identical high Investigative (5.93 vs 5.83) and Social (5.92 vs 6.33) RIASEC codes, reflecting common scientific and helping orientations.
    data: RIASEC I:5.93, S:5.92
    data: Similar patient counseling and rehabilitation focus
  [task_similarity] Hearing Aid Specialists (29-2092.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Direct overlap in fitting, dispensing, and repairing assistive devices like hearing aids, though audiologists have broader diagnostic scope.
    data: Fit, dispense, and repair assistive devices
    data: Hearing aid technology focus
  [skill_overlap] Occupational Therapists (29-1122.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Shared emphasis on patient training and rehabilitation with similar scores in Active Listening (4.1 vs 4.0) and Service Orientation.
    data: Patient training and family education
    data: Rehabilitation focus
  [job_zone] Optometrists (29-1041.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both require extensive preparation (Job Zone 5) and doctoral-level education for sensory healthcare specialties.
    data: Job Zone 5
    data: 95.5% doctoral degree requirement
  [knowledge_overlap] Pediatricians, General (29-1221.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Shared high-level knowledge in Medicine and Dentistry (4.3 importance) and Psychology (4.3 vs 4.2 importance) for patient care.
    data: Medicine and Dentistry knowledge
    data: Psychology knowledge
    data: Patient care focus

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['audiologist', 'audiology', 'hearing', 'balance', 'hearing aid', 'auditory', 'aural', 'otologic']
  exclude_keywords : ['speech therapy', 'pathology', 'physician', 'surgery', 'nursing']
  title_patterns   : ['Audiologist', 'Doctor of Audiology', 'AuD', 'Clinical Audiologist', 'Licensed Audiologist']
  common_variations: ['dispensing audiologist', 'pediatric audiologist', 'educational audiologist', 'industrial audiologist', 'forensic audiologist', 'hearing therapist', 'audiology doctor', 'clinical audiologist']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['hearing', 'audiology', 'tendency', 'others', 'audiologists', 'equipment', 'medical', 'speech', 'treatment', 'patients', 'health', 'services', 'language', 'programs', 'principles', 'audiologist', 'balance', 'devices', 'includes', 'healthcare']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
hearing                    70  0.01851  wikipedia            wikipedia:56%  inference:21%  onet_tasks:20%
audiology                  58  0.01534  wikipedia            wikipedia:86%  inference:12%  onet_tasks:2%
tendency                   42  0.01111  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
others                     39  0.01031  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:97%  inference:3%
audiologists               32  0.00846  wikipedia            wikipedia:81%  inference:19%
equipment                  27  0.00714  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:85%  inference:7%  onet_tasks:4%
medical                    21  0.00555  dwas                 dwas:43%  wikipedia:38%  onet_tasks:10%
speech                     21  0.00555  wikipedia            wikipedia:71%  onet_dimensions:19%  onet_tasks:5%
treatment                  19  0.00502  dwas                 dwas:26%  inference:26%  onet_tasks:21%
patients                   19  0.00502  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:47%  dwas:26%  inference:16%
health                     19  0.00502  wikipedia            wikipedia:53%  dwas:26%  onet_tasks:11%
services                   18  0.00476  wikipedia            wikipedia:39%  onet_dimensions:33%  inference:17%
language                   18  0.00476  wikipedia            wikipedia:67%  onet_dimensions:22%  onet_tasks:6%
programs                   16  0.00423  wikipedia            wikipedia:38%  onet_dimensions:25%  onet_tasks:19%
principles                 16  0.00423  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
audiologist                16  0.00423  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
balance                    15  0.00397  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:47%  wikipedia:33%  inference:13%
devices                    14  0.00370  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:36%  onet_tasks:21%  wikipedia:21%
includes                   14  0.00370  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:86%  wikipedia:14%
healthcare                 14  0.00370  dwas                 dwas:50%  wikipedia:36%  inference:14%
activities                 13  0.00344  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:69%  onet_tasks:15%  inference:15%
disorders                  13  0.00344  wikipedia            wikipedia:62%  inference:23%  onet_tasks:8%
techniques                 13  0.00344  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:77%  dwas:15%  onet_tasks:8%
patient                    12  0.00317  inference            inference:50%  dwas:42%  onet_tasks:8%
loss                       12  0.00317  wikipedia            wikipedia:83%  onet_tasks:8%  inference:8%
program                    12  0.00317  wikipedia            wikipedia:83%  onet_tasks:8%  onet_dimensions:8%
care                       12  0.00317  inference            inference:33%  onet_tasks:17%  onet_dimensions:17%
problems                   12  0.00317  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:75%  wikipedia:17%  onet_tasks:8%
control                    12  0.00317  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
objects                    12  0.00317  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
body                       12  0.00317  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:83%  wikipedia:17%
practice                   12  0.00317  wikipedia            wikipedia:75%  inference:25%
needs                      11  0.00291  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:73%  onet_tasks:18%  wikipedia:9%
management                 11  0.00291  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:64%  wikipedia:27%  inference:9%
ideas                      11  0.00291  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
master                     11  0.00291  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
communication              10  0.00265  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:30%  wikipedia:30%  inference:30%
monitoring                 10  0.00265  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:80%  wikipedia:20%
resources                  10  0.00265  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:90%  dwas:10%
materials                  10  0.00265  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%