[Core] [101% incumbents] Monitor patient before, during, and after anesthesia and counteract adverse reactions or complications.
  DWAs: Monitor patient conditions during treatments, procedures, or activities.

[Core] [101% incumbents] Record type and amount of anesthesia and patient condition throughout procedure.
  DWAs: Record patient medical histories.

[Core] [101% incumbents] Provide and maintain life support and airway management and help prepare patients for emergency surgery.
  DWAs: Implement advanced life support techniques. | Prepare patients physically for medical procedures.

[Core] [101% incumbents] Administer anesthetic or sedation during medical procedures, using local, intravenous, spinal, or caudal methods.
  DWAs: Administer anesthetics or sedatives to control pain.

[Core] [101% incumbents] Examine patient, obtain medical history, and use diagnostic tests to determine risk during surgical, obstetrical, and other medical procedures.
  DWAs: Examine patients to assess general physical condition.

[Core] [101% incumbents] Position patient on operating table to maximize patient comfort and surgical accessibility.
  DWAs: Position patients for treatment or examination.

[Core] [101% incumbents] Coordinate administration of anesthetics with surgeons during operation.
  DWAs: Collaborate with healthcare professionals to plan or provide treatment.

[Core] [101% incumbents] Decide when patients have recovered or stabilized enough to be sent to another room or ward or to be sent home following outpatient surgery.
  DWAs: Monitor patient progress or responses to treatments.

[Core] [101% incumbents] Confer with other medical professionals to determine type and method of anesthetic or sedation to render patient insensible to pain.
  DWAs: Collaborate with healthcare professionals to plan or provide treatment.

[Core] [101% incumbents] Order laboratory tests, x-rays, and other diagnostic procedures.
  DWAs: Order medical diagnostic or clinical tests.

[Core] [101% incumbents] Inform students and staff of types and methods of anesthesia administration, signs of complications, and emergency methods to counteract reactions.
  DWAs: Train medical providers.

[Core] [100% incumbents] Provide medical care and consultation in many settings, prescribing medication and treatment and referring patients for surgery.
  DWAs: Refer patients to other healthcare practitioners or health resources. | Prescribe treatments or therapies. | Prescribe medications.

[Core] [100% incumbents] Manage anesthesiological services, coordinating them with other medical activities and formulating plans and procedures.
  DWAs: Collaborate with healthcare professionals to plan or provide treatment. | Direct healthcare delivery programs.

[Core] [100% incumbents] Diagnose illnesses, using examinations, tests, and reports.
  DWAs: Diagnose medical conditions.

[Core] [100% incumbents] Coordinate and direct work of nurses, medical technicians, and other health care providers.
  DWAs: Supervise patient care personnel.

[Core] [100% incumbents] Instruct individuals and groups on ways to preserve health and prevent disease.
  DWAs: Provide health and wellness advice to patients, program participants, or caregivers.

[Supplemental] [100% incumbents] Schedule and maintain use of surgical suite, including operating, wash-up, waiting rooms, or anesthetic and sterilizing equipment.
  DWAs: Schedule medical facility use.

[Supplemental] [98% incumbents] Conduct medical research to aid in controlling and curing disease, to investigate new medications, and to develop and test new medical techniques.
  DWAs: Conduct research to increase knowledge about medical issues.

[EMERGING:New] Place invasive intravascular monitors into patients.

[EMERGING:New] Teach anesthesiology principles to residents.

--- SKILLS ---
  Critical Thinking (imp:4.50 lvl:4.38) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Active Listening (imp:4.12 lvl:4.25) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Monitoring (imp:4.12 lvl:4.38) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Reading Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.88) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Writing (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Science (imp:4.00 lvl:3.88) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
  Speaking (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Active Learning (imp:3.62 lvl:4.12) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Learning Strategies (imp:3.25 lvl:3.38) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Mathematics (imp:3.00 lvl:3.38) — Using mathematics to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:4.88 lvl:6.46) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Biology (imp:4.27 lvl:5.03) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  English Language (imp:3.68 lvl:4.19) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Chemistry (imp:3.62 lvl:4.39) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:3.57 lvl:4.63) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Psychology (imp:3.43 lvl:4.66) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Physics (imp:3.23 lvl:3.80) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Mathematics (imp:3.15 lvl:3.59) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Education and Training (imp:3.15 lvl:4.30) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Administration and Management (imp:3.12 lvl:3.35) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Computers and Electronics (imp:2.75 lvl:3.50) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:2.56 lvl:3.03) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Law and Government (imp:2.48 lvl:2.65) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Engineering and Technology (imp:2.31 lvl:2.54) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Mechanical (imp:2.17 lvl:2.36) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:2.14 lvl:2.64) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Economics and Accounting (imp:2.05 lvl:1.77) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Administrative (imp:2.02 lvl:2.04) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:2.00 lvl:1.85) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Public Safety and Security (imp:1.94 lvl:1.78) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Communications and Media (imp:1.90 lvl:1.90) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Foreign Language (imp:1.87 lvl:1.55) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Telecommunications (imp:1.84 lvl:1.17) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Production and Processing (imp:1.76 lvl:1.59) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.55 lvl:1.63) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Sales and Marketing (imp:1.36 lvl:0.84) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Design (imp:1.30 lvl:0.65) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Geography (imp:1.23 lvl:0.59) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Transportation (imp:1.21 lvl:0.56) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  History and Archeology (imp:1.17 lvl:0.29) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Building and Construction (imp:1.15 lvl:0.39) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Fine Arts (imp:1.06) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
  Food Production (imp:1.02) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food

--- ABILITIES ---
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:5.00 lvl:5.50) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Oral Comprehension (imp:4.50 lvl:4.88) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:4.50 lvl:4.75) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Written Comprehension (imp:4.25 lvl:4.88) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:4.25 lvl:4.75) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Oral Expression (imp:4.12 lvl:5.00) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Near Vision (imp:4.12 lvl:4.12) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Written Expression (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Information Ordering (imp:3.88 lvl:4.12) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Selective Attention (imp:3.88 lvl:3.88) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.75 lvl:3.75) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Perceptual Speed (imp:3.75 lvl:3.88) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:3.75 lvl:3.88) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.75 lvl:3.88) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Finger Dexterity (imp:3.25 lvl:3.75) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Control Precision (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.00 lvl:3.25) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Number Facility (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Time Sharing (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Manual Dexterity (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Response Orientation (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Far Vision (imp:3.00 lvl:2.75) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Originality (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Visualization (imp:2.75 lvl:2.38) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:2.75 lvl:2.62) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.75 lvl:2.62) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Memorization (imp:2.38 lvl:2.25) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Trunk Strength (imp:2.38 lvl:2.50) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Depth Perception (imp:2.38 lvl:2.12) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Reaction Time (imp:2.25 lvl:2.00) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Static Strength (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Extent Flexibility (imp:2.25 lvl:1.88) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Rate Control (imp:2.00 lvl:1.62) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Dynamic Strength (imp:2.00 lvl:1.50) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Stamina (imp:2.00 lvl:1.38) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:2.00 lvl:1.62) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:2.00 lvl:1.25) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.25 lvl:0.38) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Spatial Orientation (imp:1.00) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo
  Night Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Sound Localization (imp:1.00) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:4.78 lvl:6.37) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:4.68 lvl:6.33) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Getting Information (imp:4.44 lvl:5.51) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:4.43 lvl:5.86) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:4.40 lvl:5.94) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:4.39 lvl:5.53) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:4.35 lvl:5.60) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:4.34 lvl:5.14) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Processing Information (imp:4.33 lvl:5.73) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:4.22 lvl:5.91) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:4.22 lvl:5.19) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:4.21 lvl:5.06) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:4.20 lvl:5.77) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:3.96 lvl:4.88) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:3.93 lvl:4.23) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:3.88 lvl:4.89) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:3.78 lvl:4.56) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:3.68 lvl:4.83) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.60 lvl:4.57) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:3.45 lvl:4.11) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:3.45 lvl:4.57) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:3.44 lvl:4.36) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:3.42 lvl:4.41) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Thinking Creatively (imp:3.36 lvl:4.34) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:3.35 lvl:4.09) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Working with Computers (imp:3.33 lvl:3.34) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:3.20 lvl:4.17) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:3.19 lvl:3.83) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:3.19 lvl:3.52) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:3.14 lvl:4.03) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:3.09 lvl:3.33) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:3.02 lvl:4.07) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:2.92 lvl:3.36) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:2.87 lvl:3.53) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:2.64 lvl:3.19) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:2.52 lvl:2.70) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:2.24 lvl:2.13) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:2.21 lvl:2.04) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:2.13 lvl:2.16) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:1.92 lvl:1.71) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:1.84 lvl:1.69) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Integrity (imp:10.00) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Cautiousness (imp:9.00) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:8.00) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Cooperation (imp:7.00) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Achievement Orientation (imp:6.00) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Self-Control (imp:5.00) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Stress Tolerance (imp:4.00) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Adaptability (imp:3.00) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Attention to Detail (imp:3.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Stress Tolerance (imp:3.00) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Dependability (imp:2.93) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Cautiousness (imp:2.82) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Integrity (imp:2.72) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Self-Control (imp:2.63) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:2.41) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Cooperation (imp:2.22) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Perseverance (imp:2.19) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Adaptability (imp:2.17) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence (imp:2.16) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Achievement Orientation (imp:2.14) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Perseverance (imp:2.00) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:1.78) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Leadership Orientation (imp:1.64) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Empathy (imp:1.62) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Sincerity (imp:1.55) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Social Orientation (imp:1.31) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Initiative (imp:1.29) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Self-Confidence (imp:1.00) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Innovation (imp:0.97) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Optimism (imp:0.69) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Humility (imp:0.61) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Attention to Detail () — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Dependability () — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:4.12 lvl:4.25) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:3.75 lvl:3.75) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Time Management (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Operations Monitoring (imp:3.62 lvl:3.62) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Service Orientation (imp:3.25 lvl:3.75) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Systems Evaluation (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Coordination (imp:3.12 lvl:3.75) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Instructing (imp:3.12 lvl:3.75) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Systems Analysis (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Persuasion (imp:3.00 lvl:3.38) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:3.00 lvl:3.50) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Negotiation (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Operation and Control (imp:2.75 lvl:3.12) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:2.75 lvl:2.62) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Operations Analysis (imp:2.62 lvl:2.75) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:2.25 lvl:2.25) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Troubleshooting (imp:2.12 lvl:2.25) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Management of Material Resources (imp:2.12 lvl:2.25) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Technology Design (imp:1.62 lvl:1.00) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Equipment Selection (imp:1.38 lvl:0.50) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Programming (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.00) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Repairing (imp:1.00) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 38,760
  annual_median    : $391,490
  annual_pct10     : $101,460
  annual_pct25     : $207,000
  annual_pct75     : $490,530
  annual_pct90     : $557,130
  annual_mean      : $360,570
  hourly_median    : $188.22

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : Washington ($499,990)
  lowest_state     : District of Columbia ($202,570)
  dispersion_ratio : 2.468x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (25 total) ---
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:   37,230  median: $ 394,050
  Educational Services                     emp:    1,300  median: $ 391,490

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (2 total) ---
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:   37,230  median: $ 394,050
  Educational Services                     emp:    1,300  median: $ 391,490

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Anesthesiology
match_score        : 0.8387
wikidata_qid       : Q615057
word_count         : 4,204
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anesthesiology
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T21:37:14.335676Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
Anesthesiology, anaesthesiology or anaesthesia is the medical specialty concerned with the total perioperative care of patients before, during and after surgery. It encompasses anesthesia, intensive care medicine, critical emergency medicine, and pain medicine. A physician specialized in anesthesiology is called an anesthesiologist, anaesthesiologist, or anaesthetist, depending on the country. In some countries, the terms are synonymous, while in other countries, they refer to different positions and anesthetist is only used for non-physicians, such as nurse anesthetists.
The core element of the specialty is the prevention and mitigation of pain and distress using various anesthetic agents, as well as the monitoring and maintenance of a patient's vital functions throughout the perioperative period. Since the 19th century, anesthesiology has developed from an experimental area with non-specialist practitioners using novel, untested drugs and techniques into what is now a highly refined, safe and effective field of medicine. In some countries  anesthesiologists comprise the largest single cohort of doctors in hospitals, and their role can extend far beyond the traditional role of anesthesia care in the operating room, including fields such as providing pre-hospital emergency medicine, running intensive care units, transporting critically ill patients between facilities, management of hospice and palliative care units, and prehabilitation programs to optimize patients for surgery.


== Scope ==
As a specialty, the core element of anesthesiology is the practice of anesthesia. This comprises the use of various injected and inhaled medications to produce a loss of sensation in patients, making it possible to carry out procedures that would otherwise cause intolerable pain or be technically unfeasible. Safe anesthesia requires in-depth knowledge of various invasive and non-invasive organ support techniques that are used to control patients' vital functions while under the effects of anaesthetic drugs; these include advanced airway management, invasive and non-invasive hemodynamic monitors, and diagnostic techniques like ultrasonography and echocardiography. Anesthesiologists are expected to have expert knowledge of human physiology, medical physics, and pharmacology as well as a broad general knowledge of all areas of medicine and surgery in all ages of patients, with a particular focus on those aspects which may impact on a surgical procedure. In recent decades, the role of anesthesiologists has broadened to focus not just on administering anesthetics during the surgical procedure itself, but also beforehand in order to identify high-risk patients and optimize their fitness, during the procedure to maintain situational awareness of the surgery itself so as to improve safety, and afterwards to promote and enhance recovery. This has been termed "perioperative medicine".
The concept of intensive care medicine arose in the 1950s and 1960s, with anesthesiologists taking organ support techniques that had traditionally been used only for short periods during surgical procedures (such as positive pressure ventilation) and applying these therapies to patients with organ failure, who might require vital function support for extended periods until the effects of the illness could be reversed. The first intensive care unit was opened by Bjørn Aage Ibsen in Copenhagen in 1953, prompted by a polio epidemic during which many patients required prolonged artificial ventilation. In many countries, intensive care medicine is considered to be a subspecialty of anesthesiology, and anesthesiologists often rotate between duties in the operating room and the intensive care unit. This allows continuity of care when patients are admitted to the ICU after their surgery, and it also means that anesthesiologists can maintain their expertise at invasive procedures and vital function support in the controlled setting of the operating room, while then applying those skills in the more dangerous setting of the critically ill patient. In other countries, intensive care medicine has evolved further to become a separate medical specialty in its own right, or has become a "supra-specialty" which may be practiced by doctors from various base specialties such as anesthesiology, emergency medicine, general medicine, surgery or neurology.
Anesthesiologists have key roles in major trauma, resuscitation, airway management, and caring for other patients outside the operating theatre who have critical emergencies that pose an immediate threat to life, again reflecting transferable skills from the operating room, and allowing continuity of care when patients are brought for surgery or intensive care. This branch of anesthesiology is collectively termed critical emergency medicine, and includes provision of pre-hospital emergency medicine as part of air ambulance or emergency medical services, as well as safe transfer of critically ill patients from one part of a hospital to another, or between healthcare facilities. Anesthesiologists commonly form part of cardiac arrest teams and rapid response teams composed of senior clinicians that are immediately summoned when a patient's heart stops beating, or when they deteriorate acutely while in hospital. Different models for emergency medicine exist internationally: in the Anglo-American model, the patient is rapidly transported by non-physician providers to definitive care such as an emergency department in a hospital. Conversely, the Franco-German approach has a physician, often an anesthesiologist, come to the patient and provide stabilizing care in the field. The patient is then triaged directly to the appropriate department of a hospital.
The role of anesthesiologists in ensuring adequate pain relief for patients in the immediate postoperative period as well as their expertise in regional anesthesia and nerve blocks has led to the development of pain medicine as a subspecialty in its own right. The field comprises individualized strategies for all forms of analgesia, including pain management during childbirth, neuromodulatory technological methods such as transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation or implanted spinal cord stimulators, and specialized pharmacological regimens.
Anesthesiologists often perform interhospital transfers of critically ill patients, both on short range helicopter or ground based missions, as well as longer range national transports to specialized centra or international missions to retrieve citizens injured abroad. Ambulance services employ units staffed by anesthesiologists that can be called out to provide advanced airway management, blood transfusion, thoracotomy, ECMO, and ultrasound capabilities outside the hospital. Anesthesiologists often (along with general surgeons and orthopedic surgeons) make up part of military medical teams to provide anesthesia and intensive care to trauma victims during armed conflicts.


== Terminology ==
Various names and spellings are used to describe this specialty and the individuals who practice it in different parts of the world. In North America, the specialty is referred to as anesthesiology (omitting the "ae" diphthong), and a physician of that specialty is therefore called an anesthesiologist. In these countries, the term anesthestist is used to refer to non-physician providers of anesthesia services such as certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNAs) and anesthesiologist assistants (AAs). In other countries – such as United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa – the medical specialty is referred to as anaesthesia or anaesthetics, with the "ae" diphthong. Contrary to the terminology in North America, anaesthetist is used only to refer to a physician practicing in the field; non-physicians use other titles such as physician assistant. At this time, the spelling anaesthesiology is most commonly used in written English, and a physician practicing in the field is terme

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Nurse anesthetist (similarity: 0.5882)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse_anesthetist
  QID: Q354153
  Extract: A nurse anesthetist is an advanced practice nurse who administers anesthesia for surgery or other medical procedures. They are involved in the administration of anesthesia in a majority of countries, with varying levels of autonomy. Nurse anesthetists provide all services of anesthesia of the medica

  Title: ASA physical status classification system (similarity: 0.2759)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASA_physical_status_classification_system
  QID: Q297199
  Extract: The ASA physical status classification system is a system for assessing the fitness of patients before surgery. In 1963, the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) adopted the five-category physical status classification system; a sixth category was later added. These are:Healthy person.
Mild s

  Title: Doctor of Medicine (similarity: 0.1143)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_of_Medicine
  QID: Q913404
  Extract: A Doctor of Medicine is a medical degree, the meaning of which varies between different jurisdictions. In the United States, and some other countries, the MD denotes a professional degree of physician. This generally arose because many in 18th-century medical professions trained in Scotland, which u

  Title: List of medical schools in the United States (similarity: 0.2951)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_medical_schools_in_the_United_States
  QID: Q6627877
  Extract: 


This list of medical schools in the United States includes current and developing academic institutions which award the Doctor of Medicine (MD) or the Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) degrees, either of which is required for comprehensive practice as a physician in the United States. MD-granti

  Title: Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (similarity: 0.1277)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_of_Osteopathic_Medicine
  QID: Q5287521
  Extract: Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine is a medical degree conferred by the 44 osteopathic medical schools in the United States, operating at 71 teaching locations across 36 states. As of 2026, nearly 30% of all U.S. medical students are earning a DO degree, and over 11% of all practicing U.S. physicians ho

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong confidence supported by comprehensive O*NET data, clear BLS wage statistics, well-defined educational pathways, and robust Wikipedia validation of the medical specialty scope and requirements.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T19:04:53.035259+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,671
tokens_output        : 4,401
cost_usd             : $0.048075
wikipedia_used       : True
wikipedia_title      : Anesthesiology
wikipedia_note       : The Wikipedia match confirms anesthesiology as the medical specialty concerned with total perioperative care before, during, and after surgery. The article validates the scope including anesthesia, intensive care medicine, critical emergency medicine, and pain medicine.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Anesthesiologists are highly specialized physicians who manage patient pain and consciousness through the administration of anesthetics and analgesics before, during, and after surgical procedures. They monitor patients continuously throughout operations, making critical decisions about medication dosages and airway management to ensure patient safety. These medical specialists work closely with surgical teams to coordinate perioperative care and manage life support systems when needed.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
An anesthesiologist begins each day by reviewing surgical schedules and examining patients scheduled for procedures, obtaining medical histories and assessing surgical risks. They select appropriate anesthetic techniques based on patient condition and procedure requirements, then administer local, intravenous, spinal, or caudal anesthesia while positioning patients for optimal surgical access. Throughout operations, they continuously monitor vital signs, adjust medication levels, and coordinate with surgeons to maintain patient stability. They document all anesthetic administration and patient responses, manage any complications that arise, and determine when patients have recovered sufficiently for transfer to recovery areas. Between cases, they may consult with other medical professionals about complex cases and teach anesthesiology principles to medical residents.

WHO THRIVES:
Successful anesthesiologists possess exceptional problem sensitivity and critical thinking abilities, able to quickly identify and respond to subtle changes in patient condition during high-stakes medical procedures. They demonstrate remarkable integrity and cautiousness, understanding that patient lives depend on their precise decision-making and careful monitoring. These professionals thrive on intellectual curiosity, continuously updating their knowledge of new anesthetic techniques and medical technologies. They excel at active listening and social perceptiveness, effectively communicating with anxious patients and collaborating seamlessly with surgical teams. The role attracts detail-oriented individuals who can maintain focus during long procedures while managing multiple complex variables simultaneously.

CAREER ENTRY:
Becoming an anesthesiologist requires completion of medical school followed by a four-year anesthesiology residency program, with 69.2% of practitioners completing post-doctoral training according to education distribution data. Most anesthesiologists hold either doctoral degrees (24.7%) or first professional degrees (4.8%) before entering residency training. The extensive preparation reflects the critical nature of the role, as anesthesiologists must master complex pharmacology, physiology, and emergency medicine principles. Board certification in anesthesiology is typically required for practice in most healthcare settings.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Anesthesiologists can pursue subspecialty fellowships in areas such as cardiac anesthesiology, pediatric anesthesiology, or pain management, as evidenced by specialized job titles in the occupation data. Many advance to leadership roles such as chief of anesthesiology or medical director positions within healthcare systems. Some transition into academic medicine, teaching at medical schools while conducting research in anesthetic techniques or pain management. Others may establish private practice anesthesiology groups or move into healthcare administration roles leveraging their clinical expertise.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
Anesthesiologists command exceptionally high compensation, with median annual wages of $391,490 according to BLS OEWS May 2025 data, reflecting the critical nature and extensive training required for the role. Employment totals 38,760 positions nationally, with significant geographic wage variation from $202,570 in the District of Columbia to $499,990 in Washington state, demonstrating a 2.47x ratio between highest and lowest paying locations. The vast majority of positions (37,230) are concentrated in Health Care and Social Assistance settings, with additional opportunities in Educational Services (1,300 positions). Strong demand continues due to aging populations requiring more surgical procedures and the specialized nature of anesthesia administration. Geographic mobility can significantly impact earning potential, with western states typically offering higher compensation packages.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
Anesthesiology faces moderate automation potential in routine monitoring tasks, as advanced monitoring systems can track vital signs and alert providers to changes. However, the core decision-making responsibilities around anesthetic selection, dosage adjustments, and emergency interventions require human judgment that current technology cannot replicate. The high importance of problem sensitivity (5.0) and complex decision-making during critical situations ensures that human anesthesiologists will remain essential for patient safety and care coordination.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [task_similarity] Nurse Anesthetists (29-1151.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles administer anesthetics and monitor patients during surgical procedures, sharing core anesthesia administration responsibilities.
    data: shared task of administering anesthetic during medical procedures
    data: both monitor patient conditions during treatments
  [career_pathway] Anesthesiologist Assistants (29-1071.01) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Anesthesiologist assistants work directly under anesthesiologist supervision, representing a related but lower-level position in the same specialty area.
    data: both share anesthesia administration focus
    data: hierarchical relationship in anesthesia teams
  [skill_overlap] Pediatric Surgeons (29-1243.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both require high levels of critical thinking (4.5+ importance) and making decisions under high-stakes medical situations.
    data: shared critical thinking skill importance 4.5+
    data: both involve making decisions and solving problems at importance 4.8
  [knowledge_overlap] Emergency Medicine Physicians (29-1214.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both require extensive medicine and dentistry knowledge (4.9 importance) and must provide life support in critical situations.
    data: shared medicine and dentistry knowledge importance 4.9
    data: both provide life support and manage critical patients
  [riasec_cluster] Cardiologists (29-1212.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both show high Investigative (I:5.73) and Social (S:5.25) RIASEC codes, indicating shared analytical and patient care orientations.
    data: shared high Investigative RIASEC scores
    data: both require extensive medical knowledge and patient interaction

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['anesthesiologist', 'anesthetist', 'anesthesia', 'perioperative', 'anesthetic administration', 'pain management', 'airway management', 'sedation']
  exclude_keywords : ['nurse anesthetist', 'anesthesia technician', 'surgical technologist', 'operating room nurse', 'respiratory therapist']
  title_patterns   : ['anesthesiologist', 'anaesthesiologist', 'anesthetist', 'anesthesiology physician', 'anesthesia specialist']
  common_variations: ['anesthesiologist', 'anaesthesiologist', 'anesthetist', 'anesthesiology physician', 'cardiac anesthesiologist', 'pediatric anesthesiologist', 'obstetrical anesthesiologist', 'pain management physician']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['medical', 'medicine', 'care', 'anesthesiology', 'tendency', 'others', 'anesthesia', 'patients', 'pain', 'anesthesiologists', 'patient', 'intensive', 'procedures', 'anaesthesia', 'management', 'years', 'residency', 'equipment', 'surgery', 'emergency']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
medical                    73  0.01420  wikipedia            wikipedia:63%  inference:14%  onet_tasks:12%
medicine                   71  0.01381  wikipedia            wikipedia:92%  inference:7%  onet_dimensions:1%
care                       63  0.01226  wikipedia            wikipedia:84%  inference:8%  onet_tasks:3%
anesthesiology             49  0.00953  wikipedia            wikipedia:80%  inference:18%  onet_tasks:2%
tendency                   42  0.00817  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
others                     41  0.00798  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:93%  wikipedia:5%  inference:2%
anesthesia                 38  0.00739  wikipedia            wikipedia:84%  onet_tasks:8%  inference:8%
patients                   38  0.00739  wikipedia            wikipedia:61%  dwas:13%  inference:13%
pain                       34  0.00662  wikipedia            wikipedia:82%  inference:12%  onet_tasks:3%
anesthesiologists          32  0.00623  wikipedia            wikipedia:78%  inference:22%
patient                    31  0.00603  wikipedia            wikipedia:42%  inference:26%  onet_tasks:19%
intensive                  31  0.00603  wikipedia            wikipedia:97%  inference:3%
procedures                 27  0.00525  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:30%  wikipedia:30%  inference:19%
anaesthesia                26  0.00506  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
management                 25  0.00486  wikipedia            wikipedia:56%  onet_dimensions:28%  inference:12%
years                      25  0.00486  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
residency                  25  0.00486  wikipedia            wikipedia:92%  inference:8%
equipment                  24  0.00467  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:96%  onet_tasks:4%
surgery                    23  0.00447  wikipedia            wikipedia:83%  onet_tasks:13%  inference:4%
emergency                  22  0.00428  wikipedia            wikipedia:77%  inference:14%  onet_tasks:9%
techniques                 20  0.00389  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:50%  wikipedia:25%  inference:15%
principles                 19  0.00370  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:84%  inference:11%  onet_tasks:5%
surgical                   18  0.00350  wikipedia            wikipedia:44%  inference:39%  onet_tasks:17%
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critical                   17  0.00331  wikipedia            wikipedia:59%  inference:35%  onet_dimensions:6%
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includes                   16  0.00311  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:75%  wikipedia:25%
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specialty                  16  0.00311  wikipedia            wikipedia:94%  inference:6%
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physicians                 16  0.00311  wikipedia            wikipedia:94%  inference:6%
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practice                   15  0.00292  wikipedia            wikipedia:87%  inference:13%
written                    14  0.00272  wikipedia            wikipedia:57%  onet_dimensions:43%
examination                14  0.00272  wikipedia            wikipedia:93%  dwas:7%
states                     14  0.00272  wikipedia            wikipedia:93%  inference:7%
services                   13  0.00253  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:46%  wikipedia:38%  onet_tasks:8%
operating                  12  0.00233  wikipedia            wikipedia:67%  onet_tasks:17%  onet_dimensions:17%
many                       12  0.00233  wikipedia            wikipedia:83%  onet_tasks:8%  inference:8%