[Core] [56% incumbents] Treat diseases of female organs.
  DWAs: Treat chronic diseases or disorders.

[Core] [56% incumbents] Care for and treat women during prenatal, natal, and postnatal periods.
  DWAs: Care for women during pregnancy and childbirth.

[Core] [56% incumbents] Analyze records, reports, test results, or examination information to diagnose medical condition of patient.
  DWAs: Analyze test data or images to inform diagnosis or treatment.

[Core] [56% incumbents] Perform cesarean sections or other surgical procedures as needed to preserve patients' health and deliver babies safely.
  DWAs: Operate on patients to treat conditions.

[Core] [56% incumbents] Collect, record, and maintain patient information, such as medical histories, reports, or examination results.
  DWAs: Collect medical information from patients, family members, or other medical professionals. | Record patient medical histories.

[Core] [56% incumbents] Explain procedures and discuss test results or prescribed treatments with patients.
  DWAs: Explain medical procedures or test results to patients or family members.

[Core] [56% incumbents] Prescribe or administer therapy, medication, and other specialized medical care to treat or prevent illness, disease, or injury.
  DWAs: Administer non-intravenous medications. | Prescribe treatments or therapies. | Prescribe medications.

[Core] [56% incumbents] Monitor patients' conditions and progress and reevaluate treatments as necessary.
  DWAs: Monitor patient progress or responses to treatments.

[Core] [56% incumbents] Consult with or provide consulting services to other physicians.
  DWAs: Collaborate with healthcare professionals to plan or provide treatment. | Advise medical personnel regarding healthcare issues.

[Core] [56% incumbents] Refer patient to medical specialist or other practitioner when necessary.
  DWAs: Refer patients to other healthcare practitioners or health resources.

[Core] [56% incumbents] Direct and coordinate activities of nurses, students, assistants, specialists, therapists, and other medical staff.
  DWAs: Supervise patient care personnel.

[Core] [56% incumbents] Advise patients and community members concerning diet, activity, hygiene, and disease prevention.
  DWAs: Provide health and wellness advice to patients, program participants, or caregivers. | Advise communities or institutions regarding health or safety issues.

[Core] [56% incumbents] Prepare government and organizational reports on birth, death, and disease statistics, workforce evaluations, or the medical status of individuals.
  DWAs: Prepare official health documents or records.

[Supplemental] [56% incumbents] Conduct research to develop or test medications, treatments, or procedures to prevent or control disease or injury.
  DWAs: Conduct research to increase knowledge about medical issues.

[Core] [55% incumbents] Plan, implement, or administer health programs in hospitals, businesses, or communities for prevention and treatment of injuries or illnesses.
  DWAs: Design public or employee health programs. | Direct healthcare delivery programs.

--- SKILLS ---
  Critical Thinking (imp:4.38 lvl:5.00) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Reading Comprehension (imp:4.25 lvl:5.25) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Active Listening (imp:4.12 lvl:4.75) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Active Learning (imp:4.12 lvl:4.25) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Writing (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Speaking (imp:4.00 lvl:4.12) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Monitoring (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Science (imp:3.75 lvl:4.25) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
  Learning Strategies (imp:3.50 lvl:3.75) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Mathematics (imp:2.75 lvl:3.00) — Using mathematics to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:5.00 lvl:6.64) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Biology (imp:4.72 lvl:5.22) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  English Language (imp:4.40 lvl:4.50) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Psychology (imp:4.22 lvl:5.43) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:3.88 lvl:5.02) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:3.79 lvl:5.50) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Computers and Electronics (imp:3.50 lvl:3.81) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Education and Training (imp:3.45 lvl:4.67) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Chemistry (imp:3.33 lvl:3.84) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Administrative (imp:3.26 lvl:3.68) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Administration and Management (imp:3.21 lvl:3.23) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Mathematics (imp:3.21 lvl:3.58) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Law and Government (imp:2.87 lvl:3.10) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:2.81 lvl:3.74) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:2.69 lvl:3.25) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Engineering and Technology (imp:2.68 lvl:2.56) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Public Safety and Security (imp:2.66 lvl:2.48) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Economics and Accounting (imp:2.62 lvl:2.21) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Communications and Media (imp:2.50 lvl:2.77) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:2.47 lvl:3.31) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Foreign Language (imp:2.31 lvl:2.31) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Telecommunications (imp:2.29 lvl:1.56) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Physics (imp:1.97 lvl:1.75) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Sales and Marketing (imp:1.93 lvl:2.10) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Mechanical (imp:1.90 lvl:1.90) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  History and Archeology (imp:1.74 lvl:1.43) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Transportation (imp:1.65 lvl:1.08) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Production and Processing (imp:1.60 lvl:1.12) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Geography (imp:1.54 lvl:1.43) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Design (imp:1.23) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Fine Arts (imp:1.18) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
  Food Production (imp:1.12) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
  Building and Construction (imp:1.04) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r

--- ABILITIES ---
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:5.00 lvl:5.88) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:4.50 lvl:5.38) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Written Comprehension (imp:4.25 lvl:5.00) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Oral Expression (imp:4.25 lvl:5.00) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:4.25 lvl:4.88) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Oral Comprehension (imp:4.12 lvl:5.00) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Written Expression (imp:4.12 lvl:4.50) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Near Vision (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.88 lvl:3.75) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Information Ordering (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.50 lvl:3.88) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:3.50 lvl:4.00) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:3.12 lvl:3.38) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Originality (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Selective Attention (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Manual Dexterity (imp:3.12 lvl:3.62) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Finger Dexterity (imp:3.12 lvl:3.50) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Speed of Closure (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Perceptual Speed (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Time Sharing (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Control Precision (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Memorization (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Far Vision (imp:2.88 lvl:3.12) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Number Facility (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Visualization (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Trunk Strength (imp:2.50 lvl:2.12) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.38 lvl:2.12) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Depth Perception (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Static Strength (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Stamina (imp:2.12 lvl:1.62) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Reaction Time (imp:2.00 lvl:1.00) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Dynamic Strength (imp:2.00 lvl:1.12) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Extent Flexibility (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:2.00 lvl:1.12) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:2.00 lvl:1.00) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Response Orientation (imp:1.88 lvl:1.38) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:1.75 lvl:0.75) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.38 lvl:0.75) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Rate Control (imp:1.25 lvl:0.25) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Spatial Orientation (imp:1.00) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo
  Night Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Sound Localization (imp:1.00) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:4.87 lvl:6.37) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:4.80 lvl:6.20) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:4.70 lvl:5.99) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:4.63 lvl:4.95) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Getting Information (imp:4.52 lvl:5.05) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:4.46 lvl:5.42) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:4.43 lvl:5.75) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:4.43 lvl:5.44) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:4.40 lvl:5.20) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:4.38 lvl:5.02) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:4.25 lvl:4.58) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:4.21 lvl:4.80) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Working with Computers (imp:4.18 lvl:3.95) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:4.17 lvl:5.01) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Processing Information (imp:4.13 lvl:5.01) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:4.01 lvl:5.56) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:4.00 lvl:5.30) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:3.87 lvl:4.25) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:3.82 lvl:4.67) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.74 lvl:4.99) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:3.68 lvl:4.52) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:3.64 lvl:4.25) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:3.59 lvl:4.20) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:3.58 lvl:4.12) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:3.57 lvl:4.31) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:3.50 lvl:4.61) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:3.50 lvl:4.19) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:3.49 lvl:3.81) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:3.45 lvl:4.58) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Thinking Creatively (imp:3.31 lvl:4.25) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:3.22 lvl:4.17) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:3.18 lvl:4.03) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:3.09 lvl:4.45) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:3.08 lvl:3.32) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:2.96 lvl:3.34) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:2.19 lvl:2.45) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:2.14 lvl:1.61) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:2.13 lvl:2.20) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:1.80 lvl:1.42) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:1.76 lvl:1.56) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:1.65 lvl:1.39) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Cooperation (imp:10.00) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Achievement Orientation (imp:9.00) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Self-Control (imp:8.00) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Stress Tolerance (imp:7.00) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Empathy (imp:6.00) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Adaptability (imp:5.00) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Perseverance (imp:4.00) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation (imp:3.00) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Attention to Detail (imp:3.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Dependability (imp:2.90) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Integrity (imp:2.76) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Cautiousness (imp:2.58) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Empathy (imp:2.54) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Stress Tolerance (imp:2.51) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control (imp:2.50) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Cooperation (imp:2.47) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:2.33) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Perseverance (imp:2.26) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Achievement Orientation (imp:2.24) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Leadership Orientation (imp:2.19) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Sincerity (imp:2.10) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Adaptability (imp:2.09) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence (imp:2.01) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Sincerity (imp:2.00) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Social Orientation (imp:1.88) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Initiative (imp:1.66) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:1.49) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Optimism (imp:1.36) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Innovation (imp:1.33) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Humility (imp:1.12) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Self-Confidence (imp:1.00) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Intellectual Curiosity () — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Cautiousness () — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Attention to Detail () — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Dependability () — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Integrity () — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:4.00 lvl:4.25) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Coordination (imp:3.88 lvl:3.88) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Time Management (imp:3.75 lvl:3.88) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Service Orientation (imp:3.62 lvl:3.75) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Instructing (imp:3.12 lvl:3.75) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Systems Analysis (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Persuasion (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Systems Evaluation (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Negotiation (imp:2.88 lvl:3.12) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:2.88 lvl:3.38) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Operations Analysis (imp:2.50 lvl:3.38) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Operations Monitoring (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Management of Material Resources (imp:2.12 lvl:2.25) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Operation and Control (imp:2.00 lvl:1.25) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:1.88 lvl:1.00) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Technology Design (imp:1.38 lvl:0.50) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Programming (imp:1.38 lvl:0.62) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Troubleshooting (imp:1.38 lvl:0.50) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Equipment Selection (imp:1.00) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.00) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Repairing (imp:1.00) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 21,260
  annual_median    : $292,910
  annual_pct10     : $94,680
  annual_pct25     : $179,810
  annual_pct75     : $369,390
  annual_pct90     : $437,300
  annual_mean      : $279,040
  hourly_median    : $140.82

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : Utah ($437,170)
  lowest_state     : Puerto Rico ($131,890)
  dispersion_ratio : 3.315x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (42 total) ---
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:   19,990  median: $ 294,210
  Educational Services                     emp:    1,110  median: $ 173,370
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:       50  median: $ 253,520

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (3 total) ---
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:   19,990  median: $ 294,210
  Educational Services                     emp:    1,110  median: $ 173,370
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:       50  median: $ 253,520

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Obstetrics and gynaecology
match_score        : 0.8421
wikidata_qid       : Q80015
word_count         : 1,193
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstetrics_and_gynaecology
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T21:38:45.966864Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
Obstetrics and gynaecology (also spelled as obstetrics and gynecology; abbreviated as Obst and Gynae, O&G, OB-GYN and OB/GYN) is the medical specialty that encompasses the two subspecialties of obstetrics (covering pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period) and gynaecology (covering the health of the female reproductive system  – vagina, uterus, ovaries, and breasts). The specialization is an important part of care for women's health.
Postgraduate training programs for both fields are usually combined, preparing the practising obstetrician-gynecologist to be adept at the care of female reproductive organs' health and at the management of pregnancy, although many doctors go on to develop subspecialty interests in one field or the other.


== Scope ==


=== United States ===
According to the American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ABOG), which is responsible for issuing OB-GYN certifications in the United States, the first step to OB-GYN certification is completing medical school to receive an MD or DO degree. From there doctors must complete a four-year OB-GYN residency program approved by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). For the 2021 Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) match, there were 277 OB-GYN residency programs accepting applicants.
In their fourth year of residency, with an affidavit from their director to confirm program completion, OB-GYN residents can choose whether to begin the board certification process by applying to take the ABOG Qualifying Exam, which is a written test. If residents pass the Qualifying Exam, demonstrating they possess the knowledge and skills to potentially become certified OB-GYNs, they are then eligible to sit for the oral Certification Exam. Before the Certification Exam, residents must also gather a list of patient cases they've worked on throughout their residency to demonstrate their competence and experience in OB-GYN patient care.
Residents then sit for the three-hour oral exam at ABOG's test center, and if they pass the exam, they become "board-certified" OB-GYNs. Since 2013, at least 82% of all Certifying Exam examinees have passed.
This adds up to 11–14 years of education and practical experience. The first 7–9 years are general medical training.
Experienced OB-GYN professionals can seek certifications in sub-specialty areas, including maternal and fetal medicine. See Fellowship (medicine).


=== United Kingdom ===
All doctors must first complete medical school and obtain a MBBS or equivalent certification. This portion typically takes five years. Following this, they are eligible for provisional registration with the General Medical Council. They then must complete two years of foundation training. After the first year of training is complete, trainees are eligible for full registration with the General Medical Council. After the foundation training is complete applicants take the Part 1 MRCOG examination administered by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. There are an additional seven years of training after this, and two more exams (Part 2 and Part 3 MRCOG exams), which adds up to nine years total minimum in training, although some trainees may take longer.


== Subspecialties ==
Examples of subspecialty training available to physicians in the US are:

Maternal-fetal medicine: an obstetrical subspecialty, sometimes referred to as perinatology, that focuses on the medical and surgical management of high-risk pregnancies and surgery on the fetus to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Reproductive endocrinology and infertility: a subspecialty that focuses on the biological causes and interventional treatment of infertility
Gynecological oncology: a gynaecologic subspecialty focusing on the medical and surgical treatment of women with cancers of the reproductive organs
Female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery: a gynaecologic subspecialty focusing on the diagnosis and surgical treatment of women with urinary incontinence and prolapse of the pelvic organs. Sometimes referred to by laypersons as "female urology"
Advanced laparoscopic surgery
Family planning: a gynaecologic subspecialty offering training in contraception and pregnancy termination (abortion)
Pediatric and adolescent gynaecology
Menopausal and geriatric gynaecology
Of these, only the first four are truly recognized sub-specialties by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) and the American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ABOG). The other subspecialties are recognized as informal concentrations of practice. To be recognized as a board-certified subspecialist by the American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology or the American Osteopathic Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology, a practitioner must have completed an ACGME or AOA-accredited residency and obtained a Certificate of Added Qualifications (CAQ) which requires an additional standardized examination.
Additionally, physicians of other specialties may become trained in Advanced Life Support in Obstetrics (ALSO), a short certification that equips them to better manage emergent OB/GYN situations.


== Common procedures ==
There are many procedures that can be provided to people by OB/GYNs. Some procedures may include:

Colposcopy:  If the results of a cervical cancer screening test, such as a Pap smear or HPV test, are abnormal, this more thorough examination of the cervix and vaginal tissues may be needed.
Loop electrical excision procedure (LEEP): a procedure to quickly remove abnormal vaginal tissue within the cervix. A local anesthetic and a solution to enhance the points of removal visually are administered during the process. There is a chance of experiencing watery, pinkish discharge, brownish discharge, and mild cramping.
Endometrial biopsy:  a procedure that collects a tissue sample from the endometrium lining of the uterus. The sample is tested and checked under a microscope for abnormal cells or indicators of cancer.
IUD insertion: an intrauterine device that is T-shaped and is placed in the uterus through the cervix. It is a reversible contraceptive that can be done in a doctor's office.
Nexplanon: is about a 4 cm implant that goes into the upper forearm. This implant releases birth control hormones into the body and can last up to three years. This type of birth control has a 99% success rate for pregnancy prevention.
Dilation and curettage (D&C): an outpatient procedure to open (dilate) the cervix to collect samples of endometrial tissue with a curette. A D&C can also be done to remove a fetus that was not passed naturally after a miscarriage or to induce an abortion.
Tubal ligation: a surgery to close the fallopian tubes for the prevention of pregnancy. It is also known as "tying the tubes".
Ovarian cystectomy: the removal of a cyst that either has a solid appearance, is larger than three inches in diameter, can become cancerous, or causes constant pain. Cysts can be removed without removing an ovary. Women who do not take birth control produce small cysts every other month, but they can disappear on their own.


== What do obstetricians and gynecologists do? ==
Obstetricians and gynecologists are qualified to do different things. Obstetricians are licensed to handle:
• Fertility treatment
• Pregnancy healthcare
• NICU care
• Vaginal and cesarean section births
• General post-natal care
Meanwhile, gynecologists handle healthcare, including:
• Reproductive wellness checks
• Cervical and breast cancer screenings
• Urinary tract problems
• STI treatment
• Treatment for uterine conditions


== See also ==
Andrology
Urology
Neonatal infection
Instruments used in obstetrics and gynecology


== Footnotes ==


== References ==


== Bibliography ==
Llewellyn-Jones D, Abraham S, Oats J (1999). Fundamentals of Obstetrics and Gynecology (7th ed.). Mosby. ISBN 978-0-7234-3150-3.


== External links ==

FIGO.org International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO)
BJOG: An Internati

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Pregnancy (similarity: 0.2000)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnancy
  QID: Q11995
  Extract: Pregnancy is the time during which one or more offspring gestates inside a woman's uterus. A multiple pregnancy involves more than one offspring, such as with twins.

  Title: Thornburgh v. American College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists (similarity: 0.5957)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thornburgh_v._American_College_of_Obstetricians_%26_Gynecologists
  QID: Q17013940
  Extract: Thornburgh v. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 476 U.S. 747 (1986), was a United States Supreme Court case involving a challenge to Pennsylvania's Abortion Control Act of 1982.

  Title: International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (similarity: 0.4762)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Federation_of_Gynecology_and_Obstetrics
  QID: Q683972
  Extract: The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, usually just FIGO ("fee'go") as the acronym of its French name Fédération Internationale de Gynécologie et d'Obstétrique, is a worldwide non-governmental organisation representing obstetricians and gynaecologists in over one hundred territor

  Title: Danielle Jones (physician) (similarity: 0.2456)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danielle_Jones_(physician)
  QID: Q84607929
  Extract: Danielle Nicole Jones, also known as Mama Doctor Jones, is an American obstetrician-gynecologist (OB/GYN) and science communicator. Various media outlets have highlighted her significant following on YouTube, Instagram, and TikTok, where she has received attention for her posts to young people about

  Title: Gynaecology (similarity: 0.4286)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gynaecology
  QID: Q1221899
  Extract: Gynaecology is the area of medicine concerned with conditions affecting the female reproductive system. It is sometimes combined with the field of obstetrics, which focuses on pregnancy and childbirth, thereby forming the combined area of obstetrics and gynaecology (OB-GYN).

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--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Obstetricians and Gynecologists are medical specialists who provide comprehensive care for women's reproductive health, pregnancy, and childbirth. They diagnose and treat diseases affecting the female reproductive system while also performing surgical procedures including cesarean sections and gynecological surgeries. These physicians combine clinical expertise with surgical skills to address both routine women's health needs and complex obstetric emergencies.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
An OB/GYN's day involves caring for pregnant women during prenatal visits, monitoring labor and delivery, and performing cesarean sections when medically necessary. They conduct gynecological examinations, analyze test results and medical imaging to diagnose reproductive system disorders, and treat conditions ranging from routine infections to complex cancers. Much of their time is spent documenting patient information in electronic health records, explaining procedures and treatment options to patients, and consulting with other medical specialists. They prescribe medications and therapies, monitor patient progress, and make critical decisions about surgical interventions. Emergency calls for high-risk deliveries or gynecological emergencies frequently interrupt scheduled appointments.

WHO THRIVES:
Success in obstetrics and gynecology requires exceptional investigative thinking combined with strong social orientation, as evidenced by the high Investigative (5.50) and Social (5.45) RIASEC scores. Physicians who excel demonstrate superior problem sensitivity and inductive reasoning abilities to diagnose complex reproductive health issues and pregnancy complications. The demanding nature of this specialty requires individuals with high stress tolerance, self-control, and achievement orientation to handle emergency deliveries and life-threatening situations. Strong empathy and cooperation skills are essential for building trust with patients during vulnerable periods like pregnancy and when addressing sensitive reproductive health concerns. Those who thrive possess the intellectual capacity for extensive medical education and the emotional resilience to balance routine care with high-stakes emergency interventions.

CAREER ENTRY:
Becoming an OB/GYN requires extensive medical education, with 74% holding post-doctoral training and 22.5% having doctoral degrees, representing Job Zone 5 preparation levels. The path begins with a four-year medical degree, followed by a four-year obstetrics and gynecology residency program that provides intensive training in both surgical and clinical skills. Most physicians complete additional fellowship training in subspecialties such as maternal-fetal medicine, gynecologic oncology, or reproductive endocrinology. Board certification through the American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology is typically required for practice.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
OB/GYNs can pursue various subspecialty paths including maternal-fetal medicine for high-risk pregnancies, gynecologic oncology for cancer treatment, or reproductive endocrinology for fertility issues. Many advance to leadership roles as department heads in hospitals or establish private practice groups, while others pursue academic careers combining clinical practice with research and medical education. The specialty offers opportunities for international health work, particularly in areas with limited access to women's healthcare, and some physicians transition into healthcare administration or medical technology development.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
The field employs 21,260 professionals with a median annual salary of $292,910 according to BLS OEWS May 2025, making it one of the highest-paid medical specialties. Compensation ranges from $94,680 to $437,300, with significant geographic variation - Utah offers the highest wages at $437,170 while Puerto Rico has the lowest at $131,890, representing a 3.31x ratio. The vast majority (94%) work in health care and social assistance settings, with educational services employing 5.2% of practitioners. Strong demand continues due to population growth, aging demographics requiring more gynecological care, and ongoing focus on women's health access. Geographic distribution shows opportunities across all states, though compensation varies significantly by region and practice setting.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
OB/GYN practice faces moderate automation impact, with diagnostic imaging analysis and routine documentation increasingly supported by AI systems. However, the core activities of surgical procedures, patient counseling during sensitive reproductive health issues, and emergency delivery decisions require human judgment and empathy that remain irreplaceable. The specialty's emphasis on hands-on surgical skills and complex decision-making during unpredictable childbirth situations provides strong protection against automation displacement.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [task_similarity] Nurse Midwives (29-1161.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles focus on prenatal care, labor monitoring, and women's reproductive health with shared tasks in patient counseling and delivery assistance.
    data: Care for women during pregnancy and childbirth
    data: Monitor patient progress
    data: Explain procedures to patients
  [skill_overlap] Family Medicine Physicians (29-1215.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Shared emphasis on critical thinking (4.4 importance), active listening (4.1), and patient care coordination skills for comprehensive healthcare delivery.
    data: Critical Thinking importance 4.4
    data: Active Listening 4.1
    data: Assisting and Caring for Others 4.9
  [knowledge_overlap] Urologists (29-1229.03) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both specialties require deep medicine and dentistry knowledge (5.0 importance) and biology expertise (4.7) for treating reproductive system disorders.
    data: Medicine and Dentistry knowledge 5.0
    data: Biology knowledge 4.7
    data: Treat diseases of female/male reproductive organs
  [riasec_cluster] Pediatric Surgeons (29-1243.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both demonstrate high Investigative and Social orientations essential for medical diagnosis and patient interaction in surgical specialties.
    data: RIASEC Investigative 5.50
    data: RIASEC Social 5.45
    data: Surgical procedure performance
  [wage_band] Orthopedic Surgeons, Except Pediatric (29-1242.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both specialties command high physician wages due to surgical expertise requirements and extensive training, likely falling in similar compensation ranges.
    data: Median annual $292,910
    data: Job Zone 5 extensive preparation
    data: Surgical procedures performance

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
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  title_patterns   : ['OB/GYN', 'OB-GYN', 'ObGyn', 'Obstetrician Gynecologist', 'Maternal Fetal Medicine']
  common_variations: ['OB/GYN', 'OBGYN', 'OB Specialist', 'GYN Physician', 'Gynecologic Oncologist', 'Maternal-Fetal Medicine Physician', 'Perinatologist', 'Womens Health Physician']

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