[Core] [72% incumbents] Prescribe medication such as antihistamines, antibiotics, and nasal, oral, topical, or inhaled glucocorticosteroids.
  DWAs: Prescribe medications.

[Core] [72% incumbents] Interpret diagnostic test results to make appropriate differential diagnoses.
  DWAs: Analyze test data or images to inform diagnosis or treatment.

[Core] [72% incumbents] Develop individualized treatment plans for patients, considering patient preferences, clinical data, or the risks and benefits of therapies.
  DWAs: Develop medical treatment plans.

[Core] [72% incumbents] Engage in self-directed learning and continuing education activities.
  DWAs: Maintain medical or professional knowledge.

[Supplemental] [72% incumbents] Conduct laboratory or clinical research on allergy or immunology topics.
  DWAs: Conduct research to increase knowledge about medical issues.

[Supplemental] [72% incumbents] Present research findings at national meetings or in peer-reviewed journals.
  DWAs: Present medical research reports.

[Core] [71% incumbents] Diagnose or treat allergic or immunologic conditions.
  DWAs: Diagnose medical conditions. | Treat chronic diseases or disorders.

[Core] [71% incumbents] Order or perform diagnostic tests such as skin pricks and intradermal, patch, or delayed hypersensitivity tests.
  DWAs: Order medical diagnostic or clinical tests.

[Core] [71% incumbents] Conduct physical examinations of patients.
  DWAs: Examine patients to assess general physical condition.

[Core] [71% incumbents] Assess the risks and benefits of therapies for allergic and immunologic disorders.
  DWAs: Evaluate treatment options to guide medical decisions.

[Core] [71% incumbents] Coordinate the care of patients with other health care professionals or support staff.
  DWAs: Collaborate with healthcare professionals to plan or provide treatment.

[Core] [71% incumbents] Perform allergen provocation tests such as nasal, conjunctival, bronchial, oral, food, or medication challenges.
  DWAs: Administer screening tests to determine abilities or treatment needs. | Conduct diagnostic tests to determine patient health.

[Core] [70% incumbents] Document patients' medical histories.
  DWAs: Record patient medical histories.

[Core] [70% incumbents] Provide therapies, such as allergen immunotherapy or immunoglobin therapy, to treat immune conditions.
  DWAs: Treat chronic diseases or disorders.

[Core] [70% incumbents] Provide allergy or immunology consultation or education to physicians or other health care providers.
  DWAs: Train medical providers. | Advise medical personnel regarding healthcare issues.

[Core] [69% incumbents] Educate patients about diagnoses, prognoses, or treatments.
  DWAs: Explain medical procedures or test results to patients or family members.

--- SKILLS ---
  Reading Comprehension (imp:4.50 lvl:4.75) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Active Listening (imp:4.12 lvl:4.00) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Writing (imp:4.12 lvl:4.25) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Critical Thinking (imp:4.12 lvl:4.12) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Speaking (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Active Learning (imp:4.00 lvl:4.62) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Monitoring (imp:4.00 lvl:4.12) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Science (imp:3.88 lvl:3.88) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
  Learning Strategies (imp:3.62 lvl:3.75) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Mathematics (imp:2.75 lvl:3.00) — Using mathematics to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:4.82 lvl:5.64) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  English Language (imp:4.41 lvl:4.71) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:4.38 lvl:5.26) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Biology (imp:4.02 lvl:4.42) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Computers and Electronics (imp:3.86 lvl:3.88) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Administration and Management (imp:3.63 lvl:3.67) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Education and Training (imp:3.48 lvl:4.75) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:3.42 lvl:3.58) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Chemistry (imp:3.19 lvl:3.57) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Administrative (imp:3.16 lvl:3.54) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Psychology (imp:3.09 lvl:3.77) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Mathematics (imp:3.07 lvl:3.72) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:2.91 lvl:3.61) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Law and Government (imp:2.77 lvl:2.88) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Economics and Accounting (imp:2.76 lvl:2.67) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Sales and Marketing (imp:2.56 lvl:2.70) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:2.50 lvl:2.52) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Production and Processing (imp:2.30 lvl:2.00) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Telecommunications (imp:2.26 lvl:1.58) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Foreign Language (imp:2.20 lvl:1.95) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Public Safety and Security (imp:2.15 lvl:1.90) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Communications and Media (imp:2.15 lvl:2.18) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Engineering and Technology (imp:1.98 lvl:1.47) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.98 lvl:2.07) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Geography (imp:1.78 lvl:1.42) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Physics (imp:1.71 lvl:1.57) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Design (imp:1.55 lvl:1.12) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Transportation (imp:1.52 lvl:0.81) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Food Production (imp:1.48 lvl:0.46) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
  History and Archeology (imp:1.39 lvl:0.81) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Mechanical (imp:1.34) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Building and Construction (imp:1.29) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Fine Arts (imp:1.29) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform

--- ABILITIES ---
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:4.50 lvl:5.25) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Oral Comprehension (imp:4.25 lvl:5.00) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Written Comprehension (imp:4.25 lvl:4.88) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Oral Expression (imp:4.25 lvl:4.38) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:4.25 lvl:4.75) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:4.12 lvl:5.00) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Written Expression (imp:4.00 lvl:4.25) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Near Vision (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Speech Clarity (imp:4.00 lvl:3.75) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.88 lvl:3.75) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:3.75 lvl:3.88) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Selective Attention (imp:3.62 lvl:3.12) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Originality (imp:3.38 lvl:3.75) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.38 lvl:3.88) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Information Ordering (imp:3.25 lvl:3.75) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.25 lvl:3.75) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:3.00 lvl:3.50) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Number Facility (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Speed of Closure (imp:3.00 lvl:3.25) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Perceptual Speed (imp:3.00 lvl:3.25) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Time Sharing (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Far Vision (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Memorization (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Visualization (imp:2.62 lvl:2.88) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Finger Dexterity (imp:2.62 lvl:2.25) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:2.62 lvl:2.75) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.25 lvl:2.25) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Trunk Strength (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:1.88 lvl:1.50) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Depth Perception (imp:1.88 lvl:1.50) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Manual Dexterity (imp:1.62 lvl:0.75) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Control Precision (imp:1.62 lvl:0.88) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:1.50 lvl:0.62) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Dynamic Strength (imp:1.50 lvl:0.75) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Extent Flexibility (imp:1.50 lvl:0.62) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Static Strength (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Stamina (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:1.25 lvl:0.25) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Response Orientation (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Spatial Orientation (imp:1.00) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Rate Control (imp:1.00) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Reaction Time (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo
  Night Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Sound Localization (imp:1.00) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:4.88 lvl:5.67) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:4.86 lvl:5.72) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:4.74 lvl:5.21) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Getting Information (imp:4.71 lvl:5.54) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:4.40 lvl:5.58) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:4.35 lvl:4.73) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:4.34 lvl:4.20) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:4.26 lvl:5.82) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Working with Computers (imp:4.25 lvl:3.42) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:4.25 lvl:5.33) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:4.18 lvl:4.87) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:4.08 lvl:5.18) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:4.08 lvl:5.26) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:4.03 lvl:4.54) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:3.93 lvl:4.42) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:3.88 lvl:4.61) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Processing Information (imp:3.86 lvl:4.39) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:3.83 lvl:4.37) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:3.74 lvl:4.28) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:3.54 lvl:3.93) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:3.34 lvl:4.03) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:3.32 lvl:3.48) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Thinking Creatively (imp:3.24 lvl:3.96) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.21 lvl:4.08) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:3.18 lvl:3.99) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:3.04 lvl:3.48) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:3.00 lvl:3.02) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:2.93 lvl:3.47) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:2.92 lvl:2.91) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:2.88 lvl:3.03) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:2.75 lvl:3.03) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:2.71 lvl:2.95) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:2.53 lvl:1.84) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:2.52 lvl:2.26) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:2.22 lvl:2.18) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:1.62) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:1.61 lvl:1.30) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:1.48 lvl:0.82) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:1.43) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:1.42) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:1.21) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Dependability (imp:9.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Attention to Detail (imp:8.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Integrity (imp:7.00) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Cautiousness (imp:6.00) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:5.00) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Cooperation (imp:4.00) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Achievement Orientation (imp:3.00) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:3.00) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Attention to Detail (imp:3.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Dependability (imp:2.90) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Cautiousness (imp:2.50) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Cooperation (imp:2.34) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Integrity (imp:2.32) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Achievement Orientation (imp:2.14) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Empathy (imp:2.10) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Self-Control (imp:2.10) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Self-Control (imp:2.00) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Sincerity (imp:1.90) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Stress Tolerance (imp:1.83) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Perseverance (imp:1.70) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Social Orientation (imp:1.65) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Self-Confidence (imp:1.63) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Adaptability (imp:1.58) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:1.41) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative (imp:1.41) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Innovation (imp:1.36) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Humility (imp:1.12) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Empathy (imp:1.00) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Optimism (imp:0.98) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Leadership Orientation (imp:0.95) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:4.12 lvl:4.50) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:4.00 lvl:4.12) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:3.75 lvl:4.12) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Service Orientation (imp:3.75 lvl:3.75) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Time Management (imp:3.75 lvl:3.75) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Instructing (imp:3.50 lvl:3.62) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Systems Analysis (imp:3.25 lvl:3.12) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Systems Evaluation (imp:3.12 lvl:3.75) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Coordination (imp:3.00 lvl:3.50) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Persuasion (imp:3.00 lvl:3.62) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Negotiation (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Operations Monitoring (imp:2.12 lvl:1.88) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Management of Material Resources (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Technology Design (imp:1.88 lvl:1.12) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:1.88 lvl:1.62) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Programming (imp:1.50 lvl:0.75) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Troubleshooting (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Operations Analysis (imp:1.38 lvl:0.50) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Equipment Selection (imp:1.38 lvl:0.50) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Operation and Control (imp:1.00) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.00) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Repairing (imp:1.00) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 342,720
  annual_median    : $265,930
  annual_pct10     : $69,170
  annual_pct25     : $102,930
  annual_pct75     : $378,770
  annual_pct90     : $452,360
  annual_mean      : $262,040
  hourly_median    : $127.85

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : North Dakota ($454,550)
  lowest_state     : District of Columbia ($77,430)
  dispersion_ratio : 5.870x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (51 total) ---
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:  281,210  median: $ 267,800
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:   38,100  median: $ 288,520
  Educational Services                     emp:   16,430  median: $  82,780
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:    2,110  median: $ 276,060
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:    1,680  median: $ 208,000
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:    1,620  median: $ 280,380
  Finance and Insurance                    emp:      550  median: $ 232,200
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:      370  median: $ 213,060
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:      230  median: $ 156,200
  Manufacturing                            emp:      190  median: $ 101,340

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (11 total) ---
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:  281,210  median: $ 267,800
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:   38,100  median: $ 288,520
  Educational Services                     emp:   16,430  median: $  82,780
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:    2,110  median: $ 276,060
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:    1,680  median: $ 208,000
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:    1,620  median: $ 280,380
  Finance and Insurance                    emp:      550  median: $ 232,200
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:      370  median: $ 213,060
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:      230  median: $ 156,200
  Manufacturing                            emp:      190  median: $ 101,340

exact_match_status : no_exact_match
matched_title      : N/A
match_score        : 0.0000
wikidata_qid       : N/A
word_count         : 0
wikipedia_url      : N/A
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T21:40:15.013602Z

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: William Frankland (allergist) (similarity: 0.3158)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Frankland_(allergist)
  QID: Q8009341
  Extract: Alfred William "Bill" Frankland MBE was a British allergist and immunologist whose achievements included the popularisation of the pollen count as a piece of weather-related information to the British public, speculation regarding the effects of overly sterile living environments, and the prediction

  Title: List of centenarians (medical professionals) (similarity: 0.2778)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_centenarians_(medical_professionals)
  QID: Q6609296
  Extract: 
The following is a list of centenarians – specifically, people who became famous as medical professionals – known for reasons other than their longevity. For more lists, see lists of centenarians.

  Title: Allergist (similarity: 0.4865)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergist
  QID: Q2837942
  Extract: An allergist is a physician specially trained to manage and treat allergies, asthma and the other allergic diseases. They may also be called
immunologists.

  Title: Speleotherapy (similarity: 0.1951)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speleotherapy
  QID: Q1747674
  Extract: Speleotherapy is an alternative medicine respiratory therapy involving breathing inside subterranean environments, such as a cave.

  Title: Immunoglobulin therapy (similarity: 0.4000)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_therapy
  QID: Q338912
  Extract: Immunoglobulin therapy is the use of a mixture of antibodies to treat several health conditions. These conditions include primary immunodeficiency, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, Kawasaki disease, certain cases of HIV/AIDS and measles, Guillain–Ba

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong O*NET data with detailed work activities, comprehensive education requirements, and robust BLS wage data. Medical specialty roles have well-established career pathways and clear skill requirements.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T19:16:53.936156+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,474
tokens_output        : 4,546
cost_usd             : $0.049776
wikipedia_used       : False
wikipedia_title      : None
wikipedia_note       : Wikipedia contains an 'Allergist' entry with 0.486 similarity that describes physicians specially trained to manage allergies and asthma, providing helpful context for understanding the broader scope of this medical specialty.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Allergists and Immunologists are specialized physicians who diagnose, treat, and help prevent allergic diseases and immune system disorders. These medical doctors combine extensive clinical expertise with research capabilities to manage conditions ranging from seasonal allergies and asthma to complex autoimmune disorders and immunodeficiency diseases. They work primarily in healthcare settings, providing both direct patient care and contributing to medical research that advances understanding of allergy and immunology.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
An allergist begins their day reviewing patient charts and diagnostic test results, interpreting skin prick tests, blood work, and other immunologic assessments to make differential diagnoses. They conduct physical examinations of patients presenting with allergic reactions, asthma, or suspected immune disorders, carefully documenting symptoms and medical history. Throughout the day, they develop individualized treatment plans considering patient preferences and clinical data, prescribing medications such as antihistamines, antibiotics, and various glucocorticosteroids. They spend considerable time communicating with patients and families, explaining complex immunologic conditions and treatment options. Many also dedicate portions of their schedule to clinical research, analyzing data from ongoing studies on allergy and immunology topics. The day often concludes with updating patient records in electronic health systems and reviewing current medical literature to maintain their specialized knowledge.

WHO THRIVES:
Individuals who excel as allergists and immunologists possess exceptional problem sensitivity and analytical reasoning abilities, allowing them to navigate complex diagnostic challenges where symptoms may overlap across multiple conditions. They demonstrate high dependability and attention to detail, critical traits when managing potentially life-threatening allergic reactions and immune disorders. These physicians exhibit strong intellectual curiosity, driven by the investigative nature of their work that combines direct patient care with ongoing research. Their high social orientation enables them to communicate effectively with patients about complex medical conditions, while their cautiousness ensures they carefully weigh risks and benefits of various treatment approaches. They thrive on continuous learning, as the field of allergy and immunology rapidly evolves with new research findings and treatment modalities.

CAREER ENTRY:
Becoming an allergist and immunologist requires extensive preparation beginning with a bachelor's degree, typically in a science-related field, followed by four years of medical school to earn a Doctor of Medicine (MD) or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) degree. After medical school, candidates must complete a three-year residency in internal medicine, pediatrics, or dermatology. This is followed by a specialized two-year fellowship in allergy and immunology, where physicians receive intensive training in diagnosing and treating allergic and immunologic conditions. Post-doctoral training is completed by 53% of practitioners, reflecting the field's emphasis on research and subspecialization.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Allergists and immunologists typically begin their careers in clinical practice, either joining established allergy practices, hospital systems, or academic medical centers. Many pursue dual careers combining clinical practice with research, potentially advancing to leadership roles in allergy and immunology departments at major medical institutions. Career advancement may lead to positions as department chiefs, research directors, or principal investigators on major clinical trials. Some allergists transition into pharmaceutical consulting, regulatory affairs, or biotechnology companies developing new treatments for allergic and autoimmune diseases.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
The field offers excellent compensation with a median annual wage of $265,930 according to BLS OEWS May 2025 data, ranging from $69,170 to $452,360 across experience levels and practice settings. Employment of 342,720 professionals indicates robust demand, with the highest concentrations in the Health Care and Social Assistance sector employing 281,210 practitioners. Geographic variation is significant, with North Dakota offering the highest median wages at $454,550 compared to the District of Columbia at $77,430, representing a 5.87x difference. The aging population and increasing prevalence of allergic conditions and autoimmune diseases drive continued demand for these specialists. Academic medical centers and government positions also provide substantial employment opportunities, with 38,100 employed in federal, state, and local government roles.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
Allergists and immunologists face low automation risk due to the complex decision-making and patient care activities central to their role. While AI may assist with pattern recognition in diagnostic imaging and test interpretation, the high-level clinical reasoning required for differential diagnosis and treatment planning remains firmly in human domain. The interpersonal aspects of patient care, including communication about complex treatment options and management of anxiety around allergic reactions, cannot be automated.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [career_pathway] General Internal Medicine Physicians (29-1216.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Internal medicine residency is a required pathway to allergy and immunology fellowship training.
    data: Related occupation listed as Primary-Short
    data: Medicine and Dentistry knowledge overlap
    data: Similar work activities in Making Decisions and Solving Problems
  [career_pathway] Pediatricians, General (29-1221.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Pediatric residency provides alternative pathway to allergy fellowship, especially for pediatric allergy specialization.
    data: Related occupation listed as Primary-Long
    data: Shared Medicine and Dentistry knowledge
    data: Similar Assisting and Caring for Others work activity
  [skill_overlap] Dermatologists (29-1213.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both specialties share diagnostic skills for skin-related conditions and similar work activities in patient examination.
    data: Related occupation listed as Primary-Short
    data: Shared Problem Sensitivity ability
    data: Similar Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events work activity
  [task_similarity] Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists (19-1042.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both roles conduct clinical research and present findings, sharing research-oriented work activities.
    data: Conduct laboratory or clinical research task
    data: Present research findings task
    data: High Investigative RIASEC score of 6.95
  [wage_band] Urologists (29-1229.03) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both subspecialties fall in similar high-compensation medical specialist wage ranges.
    data: Related occupation listed as Primary-Long
    data: Both require Job Zone 5 extensive preparation
    data: Similar Medicine and Dentistry knowledge requirements
  [riasec_cluster] Neurologists (29-1217.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both specialties share high Investigative orientation and similar Social orientation for patient care.
    data: Related occupation listed as Primary-Long
    data: Shared high Medicine and Dentistry knowledge
    data: Similar Problem Sensitivity ability scores

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['allergist', 'immunologist', 'allergy specialist', 'allergy physician', 'immunology specialist', 'clinical allergist', 'allergy immunology', 'clinical immunologist']
  exclude_keywords : ['veterinary', 'dental', 'research only', 'laboratory technician', 'nursing']
  title_patterns   : ['*allergist*', '*immunologist*', '*allergy*specialist*', '*allergy*physician*', '*immunology*physician*']
  common_variations: ['allergy and immunology physician', 'adult and pediatric allergy', 'clinical allergy specialist', 'allergy immunology fellow', 'board certified allergist', 'practicing allergist', 'allergy specialist MD', 'immunology specialist MD']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['tendency', 'others', 'medical', 'equipment', 'principles', 'treatment', 'research', 'includes', 'control', 'objects', 'patients', 'activities', 'ideas', 'patient', 'clinical', 'allergic', 'care', 'techniques', 'materials', 'body']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
tendency                   42  0.01528  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
others                     38  0.01383  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
medical                    25  0.00910  dwas                 dwas:44%  inference:44%  onet_tasks:4%
equipment                  23  0.00837  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
principles                 16  0.00582  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
treatment                  15  0.00546  inference            inference:40%  dwas:33%  onet_dimensions:20%
research                   13  0.00473  inference            inference:62%  onet_tasks:15%  dwas:15%
includes                   12  0.00437  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
control                    12  0.00437  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
objects                    12  0.00437  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
patients                   11  0.00400  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:45%  inference:27%  dwas:18%
activities                 11  0.00400  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:82%  onet_tasks:9%  inference:9%
ideas                      11  0.00400  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
patient                    10  0.00364  inference            inference:70%  dwas:20%  onet_tasks:10%
clinical                   10  0.00364  inference            inference:70%  onet_tasks:20%  dwas:10%
allergic                   10  0.00364  inference            inference:70%  onet_tasks:20%  wikipedia:10%
care                       10  0.00364  inference            inference:50%  onet_tasks:30%  onet_dimensions:20%
techniques                 10  0.00364  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
materials                  10  0.00364  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
body                       10  0.00364  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
orientation                10  0.00364  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:90%  inference:10%
allergy                     9  0.00328  inference            inference:67%  onet_tasks:22%  wikipedia:11%
physical                    9  0.00328  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  onet_tasks:11%  dwas:11%
needs                       9  0.00328  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  dwas:11%
problems                    9  0.00328  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
procedures                  9  0.00328  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  dwas:11%
providing                   9  0.00328  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:78%  inference:22%
resources                   9  0.00328  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
quickly                     9  0.00328  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
developing                  9  0.00328  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  inference:11%
treat                       8  0.00291  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:25%  dwas:25%  wikipedia:25%
tests                       8  0.00291  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:38%  dwas:38%  onet_dimensions:12%
disorders                   8  0.00291  inference            inference:50%  dwas:25%  onet_tasks:12%
understanding               8  0.00291  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:75%  inference:25%
problem                     8  0.00291  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:88%  inference:12%
monitoring                  8  0.00291  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
rules                       8  0.00291  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
human                       8  0.00291  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:88%  inference:12%
diseases                    8  0.00291  inference            inference:50%  dwas:25%  onet_dimensions:12%
standards                   8  0.00291  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%