[Core] [67% incumbents] Document examination results, treatment plans, and patients' outcomes.
  DWAs: Record patient medical histories.

[Core] [67% incumbents] Examine patients to assess mobility, strength, communication, or cognition.
  DWAs: Examine patients to assess general physical condition.

[Core] [67% incumbents] Assess characteristics of patients' pain, such as intensity, location, or duration, using standardized clinical measures.
  DWAs: Monitor patient conditions during treatments, procedures, or activities. | Assess physical conditions of patients to aid in diagnosis or treatment.

[Core] [67% incumbents] Provide inpatient or outpatient medical management of neuromuscular disorders, musculoskeletal trauma, acute and chronic pain, deformity or amputation, cardiac or pulmonary disease, or other disabling conditions.
  DWAs: Treat chronic diseases or disorders.

[Core] [67% incumbents] Monitor effectiveness of pain management interventions, such as medication or spinal injections.
  DWAs: Monitor patient progress or responses to treatments.

[Core] [67% incumbents] Develop comprehensive plans for immediate and long-term rehabilitation, including therapeutic exercise, speech and occupational therapy, counseling, cognitive retraining, patient, family or caregiver education, or community reintegration.
  DWAs: Develop treatment plans that use non-medical therapies.

[Core] [67% incumbents] Coordinate physical medicine and rehabilitation services with other medical activities.
  DWAs: Collaborate with healthcare professionals to plan or provide treatment.

[Core] [67% incumbents] Perform electrodiagnosis, including electromyography, nerve conduction studies, or somatosensory evoked potentials of neuromuscular disorders or damage.
  DWAs: Test patient nervous system functioning.

[Core] [67% incumbents] Prescribe physical therapy to relax the muscles and improve strength.
  DWAs: Prescribe treatments or therapies.

[Core] [67% incumbents] Consult or coordinate with other rehabilitative professionals, including physical and occupational therapists, rehabilitation nurses, speech pathologists, neuropsychologists, behavioral psychologists, social workers, or medical technicians.
  DWAs: Collaborate with healthcare professionals to plan or provide treatment.

[Core] [67% incumbents] Prescribe therapy services, such as electrotherapy, ultrasonography, heat or cold therapy, hydrotherapy, debridement, short-wave or microwave diathermy, and infrared or ultraviolet radiation, to enhance rehabilitation.
  DWAs: Prescribe treatments or therapies.

[Core] [67% incumbents] Diagnose or treat performance-related conditions, such as sports injuries or repetitive-motion injuries.
  DWAs: Diagnose medical conditions. | Treat acute illnesses, infections, or injuries.

[Core] [67% incumbents] Prescribe orthotic and prosthetic applications and adaptive equipment, such as wheelchairs, bracing, or communication devices, to maximize patient function and self-sufficiency.
  DWAs: Prescribe assistive medical devices or related treatments.

[Core] [67% incumbents] Conduct physical tests, such as functional capacity evaluations, to determine injured workers' capabilities to perform the physical demands of their jobs.
  DWAs: Examine patients to assess general physical condition.

[Core] [65% incumbents] Instruct interns and residents in the diagnosis and treatment of temporary or permanent physically disabling conditions.
  DWAs: Train medical providers.

--- SKILLS ---
  Critical Thinking (imp:4.12 lvl:4.62) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Reading Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:5.00) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Active Listening (imp:4.00 lvl:4.50) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Speaking (imp:4.00 lvl:4.25) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Writing (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Monitoring (imp:3.75 lvl:4.38) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Active Learning (imp:3.62 lvl:4.25) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Science (imp:3.25 lvl:4.00) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
  Learning Strategies (imp:3.12 lvl:4.00) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Mathematics (imp:2.88 lvl:3.38) — Using mathematics to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:4.97 lvl:6.30) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Psychology (imp:4.68 lvl:5.50) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Biology (imp:4.65 lvl:5.32) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:4.60 lvl:6.03) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Education and Training (imp:4.36 lvl:5.93) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  English Language (imp:4.24 lvl:5.32) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:4.22 lvl:5.48) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Administration and Management (imp:3.47 lvl:4.11) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:3.36 lvl:4.05) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:3.31 lvl:4.43) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Law and Government (imp:3.29 lvl:3.98) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Chemistry (imp:3.27 lvl:4.32) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Computers and Electronics (imp:3.14 lvl:3.93) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Mathematics (imp:3.10 lvl:3.96) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Economics and Accounting (imp:2.97 lvl:2.44) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Communications and Media (imp:2.97 lvl:3.39) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Administrative (imp:2.92 lvl:3.62) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Public Safety and Security (imp:2.87 lvl:3.20) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:2.86 lvl:3.72) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Sales and Marketing (imp:2.85 lvl:3.54) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Mechanical (imp:2.63 lvl:2.99) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Physics (imp:2.63 lvl:3.60) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Engineering and Technology (imp:2.54 lvl:3.03) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Foreign Language (imp:2.42 lvl:2.41) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Production and Processing (imp:2.29 lvl:2.57) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Design (imp:2.26 lvl:2.51) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Transportation (imp:2.23 lvl:2.47) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Telecommunications (imp:2.08 lvl:1.76) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Geography (imp:1.84 lvl:1.98) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  History and Archeology (imp:1.50 lvl:1.31) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Fine Arts (imp:1.44 lvl:0.97) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
  Building and Construction (imp:1.41) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Food Production (imp:1.08) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food

--- ABILITIES ---
  Oral Expression (imp:4.12 lvl:4.75) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:4.12 lvl:5.00) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:4.12 lvl:4.62) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:4.12 lvl:5.00) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Oral Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:5.12) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Written Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.88) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Written Expression (imp:3.88 lvl:4.25) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Information Ordering (imp:3.88 lvl:4.38) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Near Vision (imp:3.75 lvl:3.50) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.75 lvl:3.62) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.75 lvl:3.75) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:3.50 lvl:3.88) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Originality (imp:3.38 lvl:3.88) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.25 lvl:3.62) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Visualization (imp:3.12 lvl:3.62) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Speed of Closure (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Perceptual Speed (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Selective Attention (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Number Facility (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Memorization (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Far Vision (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:2.75 lvl:3.00) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Finger Dexterity (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:2.62 lvl:2.88) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Time Sharing (imp:2.50 lvl:2.50) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Manual Dexterity (imp:2.50 lvl:2.50) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:2.50 lvl:2.38) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:2.50 lvl:2.38) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Static Strength (imp:2.38 lvl:2.25) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Control Precision (imp:2.25 lvl:2.25) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Trunk Strength (imp:2.25 lvl:2.25) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Dynamic Strength (imp:2.12 lvl:1.75) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Depth Perception (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.12 lvl:1.62) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Response Orientation (imp:2.00 lvl:1.62) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Stamina (imp:2.00 lvl:1.38) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Extent Flexibility (imp:2.00 lvl:1.62) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:2.00 lvl:1.50) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Reaction Time (imp:1.88 lvl:1.38) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:1.88 lvl:1.38) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Rate Control (imp:1.75 lvl:1.00) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:1.75 lvl:1.00) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.25 lvl:0.38) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Spatial Orientation (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.12 lvl:0.25) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo
  Night Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Sound Localization (imp:1.00) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:4.97 lvl:5.56) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:4.64 lvl:4.88) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:4.63 lvl:5.89) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:4.57 lvl:5.85) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:4.51 lvl:5.99) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Getting Information (imp:4.46 lvl:5.28) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:4.46 lvl:4.64) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Processing Information (imp:4.36 lvl:5.46) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:4.35 lvl:5.27) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:4.33 lvl:4.80) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:4.32 lvl:5.14) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Working with Computers (imp:4.29 lvl:3.24) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:4.17 lvl:4.44) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:4.15 lvl:4.97) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:4.12 lvl:4.68) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:4.12 lvl:5.01) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:4.10 lvl:4.94) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:4.09 lvl:5.36) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:4.00 lvl:4.92) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:3.99 lvl:5.14) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:3.96 lvl:4.27) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:3.90 lvl:3.90) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:3.79 lvl:4.04) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:3.69 lvl:4.41) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:3.66 lvl:4.34) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:3.65 lvl:3.83) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Thinking Creatively (imp:3.60 lvl:4.52) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:3.56 lvl:3.84) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:3.50 lvl:4.20) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:3.35 lvl:3.87) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:3.28 lvl:4.29) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:3.22 lvl:3.40) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:3.06 lvl:3.80) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:2.99 lvl:2.30) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:2.78 lvl:3.08) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:2.64 lvl:3.43) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:2.46 lvl:2.52) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:2.25 lvl:0.91) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:2.03 lvl:1.31) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:2.01) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:1.49 lvl:1.18) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:10.00) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Cooperation (imp:9.00) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Achievement Orientation (imp:8.00) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Social Orientation (imp:7.00) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Self-Control (imp:6.00) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Stress Tolerance (imp:5.00) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Empathy (imp:4.00) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Adaptability (imp:3.00) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.70) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Dependability (imp:2.53) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Cautiousness (imp:2.50) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Empathy (imp:2.47) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation (imp:2.47) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Integrity (imp:2.36) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Self-Control (imp:2.34) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:2.33) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Perseverance (imp:2.23) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Achievement Orientation (imp:2.14) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Social Orientation (imp:2.13) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Stress Tolerance (imp:2.13) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Adaptability (imp:2.09) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Perseverance (imp:2.00) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Sincerity (imp:2.00) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Self-Confidence (imp:1.76) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Leadership Orientation (imp:1.70) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:1.62) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative (imp:1.53) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Optimism (imp:1.46) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Innovation (imp:1.39) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Humility (imp:1.22) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Cautiousness () — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Attention to Detail () — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Dependability () — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Integrity () — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:4.00 lvl:4.50) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:3.88 lvl:4.25) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Coordination (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:3.75 lvl:4.12) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Instructing (imp:3.62 lvl:4.00) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Service Orientation (imp:3.62 lvl:4.00) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Time Management (imp:3.50 lvl:4.00) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Persuasion (imp:3.25 lvl:3.62) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Systems Evaluation (imp:3.25 lvl:3.38) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Systems Analysis (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:3.00 lvl:3.38) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Negotiation (imp:2.62 lvl:2.88) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:2.62 lvl:2.62) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Operations Analysis (imp:2.12) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Operations Monitoring (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Technology Design (imp:2.00 lvl:1.50) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Management of Material Resources (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Operation and Control (imp:1.88 lvl:1.62) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Troubleshooting (imp:1.88 lvl:1.25) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:1.88 lvl:1.62) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Programming (imp:1.75 lvl:0.88) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Equipment Selection (imp:1.25 lvl:0.25) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.00) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Repairing (imp:1.00) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 342,720
  annual_median    : $265,930
  annual_pct10     : $69,170
  annual_pct25     : $102,930
  annual_pct75     : $378,770
  annual_pct90     : $452,360
  annual_mean      : $262,040
  hourly_median    : $127.85

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : North Dakota ($454,550)
  lowest_state     : District of Columbia ($77,430)
  dispersion_ratio : 5.870x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (51 total) ---
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:  281,210  median: $ 267,800
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:   38,100  median: $ 288,520
  Educational Services                     emp:   16,430  median: $  82,780
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:    2,110  median: $ 276,060
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:    1,680  median: $ 208,000
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:    1,620  median: $ 280,380
  Finance and Insurance                    emp:      550  median: $ 232,200
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:      370  median: $ 213,060
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:      230  median: $ 156,200
  Manufacturing                            emp:      190  median: $ 101,340

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (11 total) ---
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:  281,210  median: $ 267,800
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:   38,100  median: $ 288,520
  Educational Services                     emp:   16,430  median: $  82,780
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:    2,110  median: $ 276,060
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:    1,680  median: $ 208,000
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:    1,620  median: $ 280,380
  Finance and Insurance                    emp:      550  median: $ 232,200
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:      370  median: $ 213,060
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:      230  median: $ 156,200
  Manufacturing                            emp:      190  median: $ 101,340

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Physical medicine and rehabilitation
match_score        : 0.8675
wikidata_qid       : Q2678675
word_count         : 1,720
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_medicine_and_rehabilitation
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T21:40:56.767045Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
Physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R), also known as  physiatry, and outside the United States as physical and rehabilitation medicine (PRM), is a branch of medicine that aims to enhance and restore functional ability and quality of life to people with physical impairments or disabilities. Officially established in the United States in the mid-1900s, PM&R has played a major role in patient recovery following several major epidemics and both world wars. Common medical conditions treated by PM&R physicians include spinal cord injury, brain injury, musculoskeletal injury, stroke, pain, and spasticity from muscle, ligament, or nerve damage. PM&R physicians lead rehabilitation teams in inpatient and outpatient settings and are trained in medication management, electrodiagnosis, and targeted injections.  A physician having completed training in this field may be referred to as a physiatrist.


== Scope of the field ==
Physical medicine and rehabilitation encompasses a variety of settings and patient populations. Physiatrists can also oversee patient care in subacute settings (Inpatient rehabilitation, LTAC, SNF). A major goal of Physiatry is to optimize function. Thus, the scope of the field is broad in terms of patient populations and conditions that are managed.
In hospital settings, physiatrists commonly treat patients who have had a spinal cord injury, stroke, traumatic brain injury, amputation, or other debilitating condition requiring acute rehabilitation care. In treating these patients, physiatrists lead a team of physical, occupational, and speech therapists, as well as nurses, psychologists, and social workers who work in tandem to facilitate patient care.
In the outpatient setting, physiatrists can see to the long-term care of patients with disabling conditions and management of the sequelae associated with those conditions. For example, a physiatrist could manage the bowel and bladder regimen for a SCI patient. In addition, patients can be evaluated and treated for muscle and joint injuries, pain syndromes, non-healing wounds, and other disabling conditions.
Physiatrists are trained to perform injections into joints or muscle as a pain treatment option. Physiatrists are also trained in ultrasound, nerve conduction studies, and electromyography.
Physical medicine in practice:
Physiatrists aim to treat a wide array of diseases and disorders, and the field is continually growing. Problems with the musculoskeletal system and the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) encompass the types of ailments patients will have. Overall the treatment can be described as focusing on restoring body structure and function (2). However there are still goals to help the patient socially and psychologically, as these injuries or ailments often take a toll on the person. Commonly treated disorders include knee or hip pain, back pain, problems walking, nervous system disorders, weakness, or chronic pain in general. Other problems, such as cardiopulmonary conditions, bladder/bowel issues, arthritis, and pneumonia are all disorders the physiatrist aims to treat.


== History ==
During the first half of the 20th century, two unofficial specialties, physical medicine and rehabilitation medicine, developed separately, but in practice both treated similar patient populations consisting of those with disabling injuries. Frank H. Krusen was a pioneer of physical medicine, which emphasized the use of physical agents, such as hydrotherapy and hyperbaric oxygen. His work began at Temple University and was continued at Mayo Clinic where he coined the term 'physiatry' in 1938. Rehabilitation medicine gained prominence during both World Wars in the treatment of injured soldiers and laborers. Howard A. Rusk, an internal medicine physician from Missouri, became a pioneer of rehabilitation medicine after being appointed to rehabilitate airmen during World War II. In 1944, the Baruch Committee, commissioned by philanthropist Bernard Baruch, defined the specialty as a combination of the two fields and laid the framework for its acceptance as an official medical specialty. The committee also distributed funds to establish training and research programs across the nation. The specialty that came to be known as physical medicine and rehabilitation in the United States was officially established in 1947, when an independent Board of Physical Medicine was established under the authority of the American Board of Medical Specialties. In 1949, at the insistence of Rusk and others, the specialty incorporated rehabilitation medicine and changed its name to Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.
PM&R has played an important role in several epidemics, including management of the long-term complications of the poliovirus. Prior to its official creation as a specialty in the United States, many modern PM&R concepts were developed following President Franklin D. Roosevelt's time at Warm Springs Resort, a hot springs spa in Georgia. He attended the facility in 1924 to assist in his recovery from paralysis secondary to the poliovirus. Due to improvements in his own condition, Roosevelt later purchased the resort in 1926 and transformed it into a medical rehabilitation center. He continued to fundraise money for the facility throughout his presidential years in the 1930s. The improvements to the facility allowed for budding physiatrists, including Dr. Robert L Bennett, to research and enhance the field of PM&R. Many of the techniques that Bennett developed at Warm Springs continue to be utilized by physiatrists today, including the refinement of manual muscle testing and the creation of several prosthetic devices.


== Treatment methods ==
The major goal of physical medicine and rehabilitation treatment is to help a person reach optimal functionality within the limitations placed upon them by a disabling impairment or disease process for which there is no known cure. The emphasis is not on the full restoration to the premorbid level of function, but rather the optimization of the quality of life for those not able to achieve full restoration. A team approach to chronic conditions is emphasized to coordinate care of patients. Comprehensive rehabilitation is more easily facilitated with a multi-disciplinary approach and can more effectively carried out by a range of professionals.
Physiatrists commonly treat patients afflicted with a disability or handicap. Such ailments may be due to old age, chronic illnesses, trauma, accidents, etc. Sometimes patients are referred to physiatrists because they have generalized weakness due to bed rest as a result of another disease. Spinal cord injuries, traumatic brain injuries, certain genetic diseases are other common cases that a physiatrist sees. 
In rehabilitation, goal setting is often used by the clinical care team to provide the team and the person undergoing rehabilitation for an acquired disability a direction to work towards. Very low quality evidence indicates that goal setting may lead to a higher quality of life for the person with the disability, and it not clear if goal setting used in this context reduces or increases re-hospitalization or death.
Not only must a physiatrist have medical knowledge regarding a patient's condition, but they also need to have practical knowledge regarding it as well.  This involves issues such as: what type of wheelchair best suits the patient, what type of prosthetic would fit best, will the patient's current house layout accommodate their handicap well, and other every day complications that their patients might have.
Interestingly there is a role for positive psychologists to play in physical medicine and rehabilitation. Oftentimes, following a medically traumatic event, an individual's quality of life is often reduced, such as with stroke, traumatic brain injuries, multiple sclerosis, etc. Resilience to these events might be necessary for a patient to return to baseline. Combining positive psychology wit

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Nerve conduction study (similarity: 0.3188)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerve_conduction_study
  QID: Q380117
  Extract: A nerve conduction study (NCS) is a medical diagnostic test commonly used to evaluate the function, especially the ability of electrical conduction, of the motor and sensory nerves of the human body. These tests may be performed by medical specialists such as clinical neurophysiologists, physical th

  Title: Sports medicine (similarity: 0.3548)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_medicine
  QID: Q840545
  Extract: Sports medicine is a branch of medicine that deals with physical fitness and the treatment and prevention of injuries related to sports and exercise. Although most sports teams have employed team physicians for many years, it is only since the late 20th century that sports medicine emerged as a dist

  Title: Doctor of Medicine (similarity: 0.3077)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_of_Medicine
  QID: Q913404
  Extract: A Doctor of Medicine is a medical degree, the meaning of which varies between different jurisdictions. In the United States, and some other countries, the MD denotes a professional degree of physician. This generally arose because many in 18th-century medical professions trained in Scotland, which u

  Title: List of medical schools in the United States (similarity: 0.3956)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_medical_schools_in_the_United_States
  QID: Q6627877
  Extract: 


This list of medical schools in the United States includes current and developing academic institutions which award the Doctor of Medicine (MD) or the Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) degrees, either of which is required for comprehensive practice as a physician in the United States. MD-granti

  Title: Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (similarity: 0.3377)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_of_Osteopathic_Medicine
  QID: Q5287521
  Extract: Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine is a medical degree conferred by the 44 osteopathic medical schools in the United States, operating at 71 teaching locations across 36 states. As of 2026, nearly 30% of all U.S. medical students are earning a DO degree, and over 11% of all practicing U.S. physicians ho

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong data alignment across all sources with comprehensive task descriptions, clear education requirements, and robust wage data from BLS OEWS May 2025. Wikipedia match validates specialty definition and scope.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T19:19:50.040045+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,688
tokens_output        : 4,014
cost_usd             : $0.046635
wikipedia_used       : True
wikipedia_title      : Physical medicine and rehabilitation
wikipedia_note       : Wikipedia confirms this is also known as physiatry and focuses on enhancing functional ability and quality of life for people with physical impairments. The field was officially established in the United States in the mid-1900s and plays a major role in patient rehabilitation.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Physicians, also known as physiatrists, are medical specialists who diagnose and treat disorders requiring comprehensive rehabilitation approaches to restore functional ability and quality of life. These physicians focus on neuromuscular disorders, musculoskeletal trauma, and conditions requiring both acute and chronic pain management through non-surgical interventions. They coordinate multidisciplinary rehabilitation teams and develop comprehensive treatment plans incorporating physical therapy, occupational therapy, and other rehabilitative services.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
PM&R physicians begin their day reviewing patient charts and treatment responses, then conduct comprehensive examinations to assess mobility, strength, communication, and cognitive function using standardized clinical measures. They perform specialized diagnostic procedures including electromyography and nerve conduction studies to evaluate neuromuscular conditions. Throughout the day, they document examination results and update treatment plans, monitor the effectiveness of pain management interventions such as spinal injections, and coordinate care with physical therapists, occupational therapists, and other rehabilitation professionals. They spend considerable time developing both immediate and long-term rehabilitation plans that incorporate therapeutic exercise, speech therapy, and occupational interventions.

WHO THRIVES:
Successful physiatrists combine exceptional intellectual curiosity with strong social orientation, as evidenced by the high importance ratings for these work styles in the occupation data. They possess superior deductive and inductive reasoning abilities (both level 5.0) paired with excellent oral expression and comprehension skills for patient communication. These physicians thrive on complex problem-solving and demonstrate high achievement orientation while maintaining strong cooperative relationships with interdisciplinary teams. The role attracts individuals who are energized by long-term patient relationships and gradual functional improvements rather than acute interventions, requiring both patience and persistence in treatment approaches.

CAREER ENTRY:
Entry into PM&R requires completion of medical school (typically 4 years), followed by a 4-year physical medicine and rehabilitation residency program, with 97.9% of practitioners holding doctoral or post-doctoral training according to education distribution data. Many physicians complete additional fellowship training in subspecialties such as pain management, spinal cord injury, or sports medicine. Board certification through the American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation is required for practice. The extensive preparation needed reflects Job Zone 5 requirements, with total training often exceeding 11-12 years post-undergraduate education.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
PM&R physicians can advance into leadership roles as medical directors of rehabilitation units, pain management centers, or comprehensive rehabilitation facilities. Many develop subspecialty expertise through fellowships in areas such as interventional pain management, spinal cord medicine, or pediatric rehabilitation, leading to consultant positions. Academic pathways include teaching and research positions at medical schools, while entrepreneurial physicians may establish private practice pain management clinics. Some transition into healthcare administration or policy roles, leveraging their understanding of multidisciplinary care coordination.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
PM&R physicians command substantial compensation with a median annual wage of $265,930 according to BLS OEWS May 2025 data, though the field employs only 342,720 practitioners nationwide. Geographic variation is extreme, ranging from $454,550 in North Dakota to $77,430 in District of Columbia, representing a 5.87x ratio reflecting regional demand and practice setting differences. The majority work in healthcare and social assistance settings (281,210 employed), with significant government employment (38,100) reflecting Veterans Affairs and public rehabilitation facilities. Demand is driven by aging populations, increased survival rates from traumatic injuries, and growing recognition of non-surgical pain management approaches. The specialty faces workforce shortages in many regions, particularly rural areas.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
PM&R practice shows moderate automation resistance due to the central role of complex clinical reasoning, hands-on examination, and nuanced patient communication required for comprehensive rehabilitation planning. While electronic health records and diagnostic imaging analysis may become more automated, the core activities of assessing functional capacity, coordinating multidisciplinary care, and adapting treatment plans based on patient progress remain highly dependent on physician expertise and judgment. The emphasis on long-term therapeutic relationships and personalized rehabilitation strategies provides additional protection against automation displacement.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [task_similarity] Physical Therapists (29-1123.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles focus on rehabilitation and share high importance ratings for therapy and counseling knowledge (4.6/6.0 for PM&R).
    data: Therapy and Counseling knowledge imp:4.6 lvl:6.0
    data: Coordinating with physical therapists in top tasks
  [knowledge_overlap] Occupational Therapists (29-1122.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Strong overlap in therapy and counseling knowledge and shared focus on functional restoration and occupational rehabilitation.
    data: Therapy and Counseling knowledge imp:4.6
    data: Coordinating with occupational therapists in tasks
  [skill_overlap] Neurologists (29-1217.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both require electrodiagnosis capabilities and neuromuscular assessment, with shared medicine and dentistry knowledge at expert levels.
    data: Electrodiagnosis and nerve conduction studies in top tasks
    data: Medicine and Dentistry knowledge imp:5.0 lvl:6.3
  [knowledge_overlap] Orthopedic Surgeons, Except Pediatric (29-1242.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Shared expertise in musculoskeletal conditions and trauma management, with similar medicine and dentistry knowledge requirements.
    data: Musculoskeletal trauma management in tasks
    data: Medicine and Dentistry knowledge imp:5.0
  [riasec_cluster] Nurse Practitioners (29-1171.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both roles show strong Investigative and Social RIASEC patterns (I:6.26, S:6.00 for PM&R) in healthcare delivery.
    data: RIASEC I:6.26, S:6.00
    data: Healthcare setting overlap

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['physiatrist', 'physical medicine', 'rehabilitation physician', 'PM&R physician', 'pain management physician', 'interventional physiatrist', 'rehabilitation medicine', 'functional medicine']
  exclude_keywords : ['physical therapist', 'occupational therapist', 'neurologist', 'orthopedic surgeon', 'anesthesiologist']
  title_patterns   : ['Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation', 'PM&R', 'Physiatrist', 'Rehabilitation Medicine', 'Pain Medicine']
  common_variations: ['PM&R doctor', 'rehabilitation specialist', 'physiatry physician', 'functional restoration physician', 'pain medicine specialist', 'interventional pain physician', 'medical rehabilitation physician', 'disability medicine physician']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['medicine', 'rehabilitation', 'physical', 'tendency', 'others', 'medical', 'patient', 'equipment', 'treatment', 'management', 'pain', 'injuries', 'patients', 'principles', 'physiatrists', 'care', 'quality', 'united', 'states', 'problems']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
medicine                   59  0.01553  wikipedia            wikipedia:88%  inference:8%  onet_tasks:2%
rehabilitation             50  0.01316  wikipedia            wikipedia:62%  inference:28%  onet_tasks:8%
physical                   44  0.01158  wikipedia            wikipedia:55%  onet_dimensions:14%  inference:14%
tendency                   42  0.01106  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
others                     40  0.01053  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:95%  wikipedia:5%
medical                    34  0.00895  wikipedia            wikipedia:62%  dwas:15%  inference:12%
patient                    27  0.00711  wikipedia            wikipedia:56%  inference:22%  dwas:15%
equipment                  24  0.00632  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:96%  onet_tasks:4%
treatment                  23  0.00606  wikipedia            wikipedia:39%  inference:22%  dwas:17%
management                 20  0.00527  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:35%  inference:35%  wikipedia:20%
pain                       18  0.00474  wikipedia            wikipedia:44%  inference:39%  onet_tasks:17%
injuries                   18  0.00474  wikipedia            wikipedia:72%  onet_tasks:11%  onet_dimensions:6%
patients                   17  0.00448  wikipedia            wikipedia:59%  onet_tasks:18%  dwas:18%
principles                 16  0.00421  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
physiatrists               15  0.00395  wikipedia            wikipedia:87%  inference:13%
care                       14  0.00369  wikipedia            wikipedia:64%  inference:21%  onet_dimensions:14%
quality                    14  0.00369  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:43%  wikipedia:43%  inference:14%
united                     14  0.00369  wikipedia            wikipedia:93%  inference:7%
states                     14  0.00369  wikipedia            wikipedia:93%  inference:7%
problems                   13  0.00342  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:69%  wikipedia:31%
includes                   13  0.00342  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:92%  wikipedia:8%
body                       13  0.00342  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:77%  wikipedia:23%
activities                 12  0.00316  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:75%  onet_tasks:8%  dwas:8%
procedures                 12  0.00316  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  wikipedia:17%  dwas:8%
control                    12  0.00316  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
objects                    12  0.00316  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
physicians                 12  0.00316  inference            inference:67%  wikipedia:33%
clinical                   11  0.00290  wikipedia            wikipedia:73%  inference:18%  onet_tasks:9%
disorders                  11  0.00290  wikipedia            wikipedia:45%  onet_tasks:18%  inference:18%
techniques                 11  0.00290  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:91%  wikipedia:9%
ideas                      11  0.00290  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
orientation                11  0.00290  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:82%  inference:18%
injury                     11  0.00290  wikipedia            wikipedia:91%  inference:9%
brain                      11  0.00290  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
spinal                     10  0.00263  wikipedia            wikipedia:60%  inference:30%  onet_tasks:10%
resources                  10  0.00263  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:90%  wikipedia:10%
materials                  10  0.00263  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
developing                 10  0.00263  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:80%  wikipedia:10%  inference:10%
plans                       9  0.00237  inference            inference:44%  onet_tasks:22%  onet_dimensions:22%
long                        9  0.00237  wikipedia            wikipedia:33%  inference:33%  onet_dimensions:22%