[Core] [66% incumbents] Diagnose or treat disorders of the musculoskeletal system.
  DWAs: Diagnose medical conditions. | Treat chronic diseases or disorders.

[Core] [66% incumbents] Examine and evaluate athletes prior to participation in sports activities to determine level of physical fitness or predisposition to injuries.
  DWAs: Examine patients to assess general physical condition. | Evaluate patient functioning, capabilities, or health.

[Core] [66% incumbents] Inform coaches, trainers, or other interested parties regarding the medical conditions of athletes.
  DWAs: Explain medical procedures or test results to patients or family members.

[Core] [66% incumbents] Select and prepare medical equipment or medications to be taken to athletic competition sites.
  DWAs: Select medical equipment for addressing patient needs. | Prepare medications or medical solutions. | Prepare medical supplies or equipment for use.

[Core] [65% incumbents] Order and interpret the results of laboratory tests and diagnostic imaging procedures.
  DWAs: Analyze test data or images to inform diagnosis or treatment. | Order medical diagnostic or clinical tests.

[Core] [65% incumbents] Advise against injured athletes returning to games or competition if resuming activity could lead to further injury.
  DWAs: Advise athletes, coaches, or trainers on exercise regimens, nutrition, or equipment use. | Advise others on healthcare matters.

[Core] [65% incumbents] Record athletes' medical care information, and maintain medical records.
  DWAs: Record patient medical histories.

[Core] [65% incumbents] Record athletes' medical histories, and perform physical examinations.
  DWAs: Examine patients to assess general physical condition. | Record patient medical histories.

[Core] [65% incumbents] Coordinate sports care activities with other experts, including specialty physicians and surgeons, athletic trainers, physical therapists, or coaches.
  DWAs: Collaborate with healthcare professionals to plan or provide treatment.

[Core] [65% incumbents] Provide education and counseling on illness and injury prevention.
  DWAs: Provide health and wellness advice to patients, program participants, or caregivers.

[Core] [65% incumbents] Participate in continuing education activities to improve and maintain knowledge and skills.
  DWAs: Maintain medical or professional knowledge.

[Core] [65% incumbents] Examine, evaluate and treat athletes who have been injured or who have medical problems such as exercise-induced asthma.
  DWAs: Examine patients to assess general physical condition. | Treat acute illnesses, infections, or injuries. | Treat chronic diseases or disorders.

[Core] [65% incumbents] Supervise the rehabilitation of injured athletes.
  DWAs: Monitor patient progress or responses to treatments. | Supervise workers providing client or patient services.

[Core] [65% incumbents] Refer athletes for specialized consultation, physical therapy, or diagnostic testing.
  DWAs: Refer patients to other healthcare practitioners or health resources.

[Core] [65% incumbents] Prescribe medications for the treatment of athletic-related injuries.
  DWAs: Prescribe medications.

[Core] [65% incumbents] Inform athletes about nutrition, hydration, dietary supplements, or uses and possible consequences of medication.
  DWAs: Advise athletes, coaches, or trainers on exercise regimens, nutrition, or equipment use.

[Core] [65% incumbents] Develop and test procedures for dealing with emergencies during practices or competitions.
  DWAs: Develop emergency procedures.

[Core] [65% incumbents] Advise coaches, trainers, or physical therapists on the proper use of exercises and other therapeutic techniques, and alert them to potentially dangerous practices.
  DWAs: Advise athletes, coaches, or trainers on exercise regimens, nutrition, or equipment use.

[Core] [65% incumbents] Conduct research in the prevention or treatment of injuries or medical conditions related to sports and exercise.
  DWAs: Conduct research to increase knowledge about medical issues.

[Core] [65% incumbents] Develop and prescribe exercise programs, such as off-season conditioning regimens.
  DWAs: Develop exercise or conditioning programs. | Prescribe treatments or therapies.

[Core] [65% incumbents] Provide coaches and therapists with assistance in selecting and fitting protective equipment.
  DWAs: Advise athletes, coaches, or trainers on exercise regimens, nutrition, or equipment use.

[Core] [64% incumbents] Advise athletes, trainers, or coaches to alter or cease sports practices that are potentially harmful.
  DWAs: Advise athletes, coaches, or trainers on exercise regimens, nutrition, or equipment use.

[Core] [64% incumbents] Attend games and competitions to provide evaluation and treatment of activity-related injuries or medical conditions.
  DWAs: Advise athletes, coaches, or trainers on exercise regimens, nutrition, or equipment use. | Advise others on healthcare matters.

[Core] [64% incumbents] Observe and evaluate athletes' mental well-being.
  DWAs: Evaluate patient functioning, capabilities, or health.

[Core] [64% incumbents] Prescribe orthotics, prosthetics, and adaptive equipment.
  DWAs: Prescribe assistive medical devices or related treatments.

[Core] [64% incumbents] Evaluate and manage chronic pain conditions.
  DWAs: Analyze patient data to determine patient needs or treatment goals. | Treat chronic diseases or disorders.

[Supplemental] [64% incumbents] Advise athletes on ways that substances, such as herbal remedies, could affect drug testing results.
  DWAs: Advise patients on effects of health conditions or treatments.

--- SKILLS ---
  Reading Comprehension (imp:4.50 lvl:4.62) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Active Listening (imp:4.38 lvl:4.12) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Critical Thinking (imp:4.25 lvl:4.50) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Monitoring (imp:4.12 lvl:3.88) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Speaking (imp:4.00 lvl:4.25) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Active Learning (imp:3.88 lvl:4.38) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Writing (imp:3.75 lvl:3.88) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Learning Strategies (imp:3.62 lvl:3.88) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Science (imp:3.25) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
  Mathematics (imp:2.50 lvl:2.88) — Using mathematics to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:5.00 lvl:6.64) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Biology (imp:4.13 lvl:5.00) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  English Language (imp:4.06 lvl:5.57) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:3.51 lvl:3.67) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Administration and Management (imp:3.42 lvl:4.29) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Education and Training (imp:3.31 lvl:4.98) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Psychology (imp:2.88 lvl:4.70) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Chemistry (imp:2.79 lvl:3.02) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Sales and Marketing (imp:2.61 lvl:2.71) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:2.56 lvl:3.84) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Communications and Media (imp:2.54 lvl:2.30) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Mathematics (imp:2.53 lvl:3.48) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Computers and Electronics (imp:2.23 lvl:2.54) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Economics and Accounting (imp:2.22 lvl:1.85) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:2.22 lvl:2.78) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Physics (imp:2.11 lvl:2.09) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Mechanical (imp:1.99 lvl:2.15) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Law and Government (imp:1.95 lvl:2.03) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Administrative (imp:1.81 lvl:2.26) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Engineering and Technology (imp:1.63) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:1.53) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Public Safety and Security (imp:1.44) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Building and Construction (imp:1.30) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Production and Processing (imp:1.24) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Design (imp:1.23) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  History and Archeology (imp:1.21) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Fine Arts (imp:1.20) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.20) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Telecommunications (imp:1.18) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Foreign Language (imp:1.13) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Transportation (imp:1.09) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Geography (imp:1.04) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Food Production (imp:1.00) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food

--- ABILITIES ---
  Oral Comprehension (imp:4.50 lvl:5.00) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:4.50 lvl:5.12) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Written Comprehension (imp:4.38 lvl:4.62) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Oral Expression (imp:4.38 lvl:5.00) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:4.25 lvl:4.88) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Written Expression (imp:4.12 lvl:4.50) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:4.12 lvl:4.75) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Speech Clarity (imp:4.00 lvl:3.62) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Near Vision (imp:3.75 lvl:4.25) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.75 lvl:3.75) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Information Ordering (imp:3.62 lvl:3.88) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:3.50 lvl:3.75) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Originality (imp:3.50 lvl:3.50) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.50 lvl:3.50) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.50 lvl:3.75) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Visualization (imp:3.25 lvl:3.62) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Selective Attention (imp:3.25 lvl:3.12) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Finger Dexterity (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Perceptual Speed (imp:3.12 lvl:3.50) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Speed of Closure (imp:3.00 lvl:3.38) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Far Vision (imp:3.00 lvl:3.38) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Memorization (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Time Sharing (imp:2.88 lvl:3.25) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Trunk Strength (imp:2.88 lvl:2.50) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Manual Dexterity (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:2.62 lvl:2.88) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Control Precision (imp:2.62 lvl:2.88) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:2.62 lvl:2.75) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Depth Perception (imp:2.62 lvl:2.50) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.62 lvl:2.75) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Number Facility (imp:2.50 lvl:2.62) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Response Orientation (imp:2.38 lvl:2.12) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Static Strength (imp:2.38 lvl:2.38) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Stamina (imp:2.38 lvl:1.88) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.38 lvl:2.75) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Reaction Time (imp:2.25 lvl:2.00) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Extent Flexibility (imp:2.25 lvl:2.38) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Dynamic Strength (imp:2.12 lvl:1.88) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Rate Control (imp:2.00 lvl:1.62) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:1.88 lvl:1.38) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.25 lvl:0.38) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Spatial Orientation (imp:1.12 lvl:0.25) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo
  Night Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Sound Localization (imp:1.00) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:4.99 lvl:6.60) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:4.92 lvl:6.60) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:4.70 lvl:6.03) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Getting Information (imp:4.69 lvl:5.98) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:4.52 lvl:5.30) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:4.48 lvl:5.96) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:4.43 lvl:6.16) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:4.43 lvl:4.90) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:4.34 lvl:5.77) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:4.26 lvl:5.39) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:4.24 lvl:6.01) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:4.22 lvl:5.46) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:4.16 lvl:5.46) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:4.15 lvl:5.06) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Processing Information (imp:4.01 lvl:5.02) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:3.76 lvl:4.74) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.72 lvl:4.75) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:3.72 lvl:4.30) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:3.70 lvl:4.55) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Thinking Creatively (imp:3.64 lvl:4.81) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:3.62 lvl:4.92) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:3.57 lvl:4.00) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:3.53 lvl:3.98) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:3.53 lvl:4.44) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Working with Computers (imp:3.53 lvl:3.76) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:3.45 lvl:4.30) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:3.44 lvl:3.78) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:3.43 lvl:4.34) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:3.40 lvl:5.43) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:3.28 lvl:4.09) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:3.26 lvl:3.92) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:3.21 lvl:4.43) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:3.14 lvl:4.12) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:2.98 lvl:3.59) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:2.72 lvl:2.93) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:2.62 lvl:3.75) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:2.55 lvl:2.78) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:2.55 lvl:2.73) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:2.49 lvl:2.75) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:1.76) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:1.73) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:10.00) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Cooperation (imp:9.00) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Achievement Orientation (imp:8.00) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Social Orientation (imp:7.00) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Self-Control (imp:6.00) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Stress Tolerance (imp:5.00) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Empathy (imp:4.00) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Adaptability (imp:3.00) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.67) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Dependability (imp:2.65) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Stress Tolerance (imp:2.39) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Integrity (imp:2.32) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Cooperation (imp:2.30) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Self-Control (imp:2.26) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Empathy (imp:2.23) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cautiousness (imp:2.10) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:2.08) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Perseverance (imp:2.08) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Social Orientation (imp:2.06) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Adaptability (imp:2.05) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Achievement Orientation (imp:2.04) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Perseverance (imp:2.00) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Sincerity (imp:2.00) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Leadership Orientation (imp:1.92) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Self-Confidence (imp:1.66) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Initiative (imp:1.56) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:1.43) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Innovation (imp:1.39) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Optimism (imp:1.36) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Sincerity (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Humility (imp:0.61) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Cautiousness () — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Attention to Detail () — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Dependability () — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Integrity () — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:4.12 lvl:4.38) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:3.88 lvl:4.25) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Instructing (imp:3.75 lvl:3.88) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Service Orientation (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Time Management (imp:3.75 lvl:3.62) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Coordination (imp:3.62 lvl:3.88) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Systems Evaluation (imp:3.62 lvl:3.75) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Persuasion (imp:3.50 lvl:3.88) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Systems Analysis (imp:3.38 lvl:3.62) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:3.12 lvl:3.38) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Negotiation (imp:3.00 lvl:3.38) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Operations Monitoring (imp:2.88 lvl:3.12) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:2.62 lvl:2.62) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Operation and Control (imp:2.50 lvl:2.50) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Operations Analysis (imp:2.00) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Troubleshooting (imp:2.00 lvl:1.50) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Management of Material Resources (imp:2.00 lvl:1.62) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Technology Design (imp:1.88) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Programming (imp:1.88 lvl:1.25) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:1.88 lvl:1.75) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Equipment Selection (imp:1.50) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.00) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Repairing (imp:1.00) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 342,720
  annual_median    : $265,930
  annual_pct10     : $69,170
  annual_pct25     : $102,930
  annual_pct75     : $378,770
  annual_pct90     : $452,360
  annual_mean      : $262,040
  hourly_median    : $127.85

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : North Dakota ($454,550)
  lowest_state     : District of Columbia ($77,430)
  dispersion_ratio : 5.870x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (51 total) ---
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:  281,210  median: $ 267,800
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:   38,100  median: $ 288,520
  Educational Services                     emp:   16,430  median: $  82,780
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:    2,110  median: $ 276,060
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:    1,680  median: $ 208,000
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:    1,620  median: $ 280,380
  Finance and Insurance                    emp:      550  median: $ 232,200
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:      370  median: $ 213,060
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:      230  median: $ 156,200
  Manufacturing                            emp:      190  median: $ 101,340

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (11 total) ---
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:  281,210  median: $ 267,800
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:   38,100  median: $ 288,520
  Educational Services                     emp:   16,430  median: $  82,780
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:    2,110  median: $ 276,060
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:    1,680  median: $ 208,000
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:    1,620  median: $ 280,380
  Finance and Insurance                    emp:      550  median: $ 232,200
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:      370  median: $ 213,060
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:      230  median: $ 156,200
  Manufacturing                            emp:      190  median: $ 101,340

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Sports medicine
match_score        : 0.7317
wikidata_qid       : Q840545
word_count         : 1,753
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_medicine
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T21:41:22.763287Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
Sports medicine is a branch of medicine that deals with physical fitness and the treatment and prevention of injuries related to sports and exercise. Although most sports teams have employed team physicians for many years, it is only since the late 20th century that sports medicine emerged as a distinct field of health care. In over 50 countries, sports medicine (or sport and exercise medicine) is a recognized medical specialty (with similar training and standards to other medical specialties or sub-specialties). 
In the majority of countries where sports medicine is recognized and practiced, it is a physician (non-surgical) specialty, but in some (such as the USA), it can equally be a surgical or non-surgical medical specialty, and also a specialty field within primary care. In other contexts, the field of sports medicine encompasses the scope of both medical specialists as well as allied health practitioners who work in the field of sport, such as physiotherapists, athletic trainers, podiatrists and exercise physiologists.


== Scope ==
Sports medicine can refer to the specific medical specialty or subspecialty of several medical and research disciplines in sports. Sports medicine may be called Sport and Exercise Medicine (SEM), which is now well established in many countries. It can broadly also refer to physicians, scientists, trainers, and other paramedical practitioners who work in a broad setting. Sports medicine specialists include a broad range of professions. All sports medicine specialists have one main goal in mind, to heal and rehabilitate injuries for return to everyday life and return to play, as well as to prevent future injuries. They work with all different types of people, and not just athletes. The various sports medicine experts often work together as a team to ensure the best recovery plan for the individual. Team members can include orthopedic surgeons, certified athletic trainers, sports physical therapists, physical medicine and rehabilitation specialists, and specialty SEM physicians. Research within the field is also highly multidisciplinary. A 2023 systematic review noted a 12.1% increase in female authorship in major orthopedic sports medicine journals, with nearly 60% of this growth driven by professionals holding degrees other than an MD.
Specializing in the treatment of athletes and other physically active individuals, SEM physicians have extensive education in musculoskeletal medicine. SEM doctors treat injuries such as muscle, ligament, tendon and bone problems, but may also treat chronic illnesses that can affect physical performance, such as asthma and diabetes. SEM doctors also advise on managing and preventing injuries.
European templates for SEM specialization generally recommend four years of experience in:

internal medicine with special emphasis on cardiology, emergency medicine and clinical nutrition
orthopedics and traumatology
physical and rehabilitation medicine
fellowship at a recognized sports medicine centre.


=== Related medical specialties ===
Exercise medicine
Podiatry
Sports cardiology
Emergency medicine
Lifestyle medicine
General practice
Adolescent medicine
Physical medicine and rehabilitation
Rheumatology
Orthopaedic sports medicine
Pediatrics
Occupational medicine


== Establishment as a medical specialty ==


=== Historical roots of sports medicine ===
Although sports medicine was only established formally as a specialty in the 20th Century, the history of doctors having involvement in treating athletes goes back to ancient times in Greek, Roman and Egyptian societies.


=== Modern establishment of the specialty ===
Continental European countries were the first to establish medical groups with a focus on sport in the earliest part of the 20th Century. Possibly the earliest establishment of a society of Sports Medicine was the DGSP in Germany in 1912. The Italian version of this page Medicina dello sport states that Sports Medicine societies were first established in Switzerland (1922) followed by France (1929) and Italy (1929) (Italian Sports Medicine Federation). In Germany in the 1920s, an attempt was made to upskill thousands of doctors and other health professionals in sport and exercise medicine, without establishing it as a distinct specialty at that stage, but it failed due to lack of funding in the Depression. Sports medicine was established as a distinct specialty in Italy, the first country to do so, in 1958. The European Union of Medical Specialists has defined necessary training requirements for the establishment of the specialty of Sports Medicine in a given European country. In May 2024, the EU approved cross recognition of sports medicine qualifications between 11 different countries. It is a goal of the European Federation of Sports Medicine Associations to eventually establish Sports Medicine as a specialty in all European countries.
In Australia and New Zealand, Sport and Exercise Medicine (SEM) is a stand-alone medical specialty, with the Australasian College of Sport and Exercise Physicians being one of Australia's 15 recognized medical specialty Colleges. Australia, New Zealand and the UK have been cited as pioneer countries in the establishment of SEM as a stand-alone specialty.
The USA (and many other countries) follow the model of recognizing Sports Medicine as an official subspecialty of multiple other primary medical specialties. The most common primary specialties prior to a sports medicine subspecialty in the USA are family practice, orthopedics and physiatry. 


== Public health ==
SEM physicians are frequently involved in promoting the therapeutic benefits of physical activity, exercise and sport for the individuals and communities. SEM Physicians in the UK spend a period of their training in public health, and advise public health physicians on matters relating to physical activity promotion.


== Common sports injuries ==

Common sports injuries that can result in seeing a sports medicine specialist are knee and shoulder injuries, fractures, ankle sprains, concussions, cartilage injuries, and more. A sports medicine specialist can also be seen for advice in other areas of health, like nutrition, exercise, supplements, and how to prevent injuries before they occur. A sports medicine specialist works to help make the performance of the athlete more advanced, as well as ensuring their safety while performing the activity. Sports injuries generally affect soft tissue or bones within the body and are commonly treated without surgery.


== Treatment for sports injuries ==
Different types of sports injuries require different treatments and major injuries involve surgery, but most do not. Common treatments include medication, such as pain relievers or anti-inflammatory medication, icing, physical therapy, and/or immobilization of the injured area. Physical therapy is used to get the injured area back into regular movements and to reduce the discomfort of the affected area. PRICE is an acronym that is used for the common treatment of these injuries. It stands for protection, rest, ice, compression, and elevation.


== Controversies in sports medicine ==


=== Concussion in sport ===

The management of concussion in sport has been extremely controversial over the past 20 years due to the discovery and reporting of Chronic traumatic encephalopathy as a disease that is common in ex-athletes, particularly footballers. Sporting codes have been accused of being complicit in understating the long-term damage caused by concussions by allowing too many head impacts to occur and for the players to be able to return to play too quickly after received concussions. A seminal series of consensus papers has been the international guidelines on the management of concussion in sport. These consensus statements have been seen on the positive side as being sports medicine leaders moving the management of concussion in a more conservative direction over time and encouraging a standard se

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (similarity: 0.4286)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Medical_Society_for_Sports_Medicine
  QID: Q50035957
  Extract: The American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM) is a large sports medicine membership organization, representing over 3000 physicians in the United States, established in 1991. AMSSM includes members who serve as team physicians at the youth level, NCAA, NFL, MLB, NBA, WNBA, MLS, and NHL, a

  Title: Family medicine (similarity: 0.4390)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_medicine
  QID: Q3505712
  Extract: Family medicine is a medical specialty that provides continuing and comprehensive health care for the individual and family across all ages, sexes, diseases, and parts of the body. The specialist, who is usually a primary care physician, is called a family physician. In certain countries family medi

  Title: Tracy Beth Høeg (similarity: 0.1951)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracy_Beth_H%C3%B8eg
  QID: Q89342918
  Extract: Tracy Beth Høeg is an American sports medicine physician and epidemiologist who served as the acting director of the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research from 2025 to 2026.

  Title: Emergency medicine (similarity: 0.4545)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_medicine
  QID: Q2861470
  Extract: Emergency medicine is the medical specialty concerned with the care of illnesses or injuries requiring immediate medical attention. Emergency physicians specialize in providing care for unscheduled and undifferentiated patients of all ages. As frontline providers, in coordination with emergency medi

  Title: Athletic training (similarity: 0.3721)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletic_training
  QID: Q4813769
  Extract: Athletic training is an allied health care profession recognized by the American Medical Association (AMA) that "encompasses the prevention, examination, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of emergent, acute, or chronic injuries and medical conditions." 
There are five areas of athletic traini

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong data availability across all domains with specific O*NET occupation code, comprehensive task descriptions, and robust BLS wage data. Wikipedia match provides additional validation of the specialty definition.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T19:21:37.965581+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,539
tokens_output        : 4,170
cost_usd             : $0.044496
wikipedia_used       : True
wikipedia_title      : Sports medicine
wikipedia_note       : Wikipedia confirms sports medicine as a recognized medical specialty in over 50 countries, focusing on physical fitness and treatment of sports-related injuries. The field emerged as a distinct healthcare discipline in the late 20th century.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Sports Medicine Physicians are specialized medical doctors who focus on diagnosing, treating, and preventing injuries related to sports, athletic training, and physical activities. They combine advanced medical expertise in musculoskeletal disorders with deep understanding of athletic performance and injury prevention. These physicians work closely with athletes, coaches, and athletic trainers to ensure safe participation in sports while optimizing performance and managing sports-related health conditions.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
A Sports Medicine Physician begins their day by examining athletes for pre-participation physical evaluations to determine fitness levels and injury predisposition. They diagnose and treat musculoskeletal disorders, analyzing diagnostic imaging and laboratory test results to develop comprehensive treatment plans. Throughout the day, they coordinate care with specialty physicians, athletic trainers, and physical therapists while maintaining detailed medical records. They provide education and counseling on injury prevention strategies and advise coaches and trainers on medical conditions affecting athletes. When athletes are injured, they make critical decisions about return-to-play clearance, ensuring resumption of activity won't lead to further injury.

WHO THRIVES:
Individuals who excel in this role demonstrate exceptional intellectual curiosity and analytical thinking, as evidenced by the high importance of critical thinking and problem sensitivity skills. They possess strong social orientation and communication abilities, essential for working with athletes, coaches, and multidisciplinary healthcare teams. The role attracts detail-oriented professionals with achievement orientation who can handle high-pressure decision-making situations. Those who thrive combine scientific rigor with practical application, enjoying the intersection of medicine and athletics while maintaining the patience and empathy required for patient care.

CAREER ENTRY:
Sports Medicine Physicians require extensive preparation with a doctoral degree (51%) or post-doctoral training (49%) according to O*NET education distributions. The path typically involves completing medical school, followed by residency training in family medicine, internal medicine, or emergency medicine, then pursuing fellowship training specifically in sports medicine. Board certification in sports medicine is essential, requiring additional specialized training beyond general medical practice.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Career advancement often leads to positions as team physicians for professional sports organizations, medical directors of sports medicine programs, or academic positions combining clinical practice with research. Many progress to leadership roles in sports medicine clinics or develop subspecialty expertise in areas like concussion management or exercise physiology. Senior practitioners may become consultants for athletic organizations or pursue roles in sports medicine administration and policy development.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
Sports Medicine Physicians command substantial compensation with a median annual wage of $265,930 according to BLS OEWS May 2025 data, with the range spanning from $69,170 to $452,360. Geographic variation is significant, with North Dakota offering the highest wages at $454,550 compared to the lowest in District of Columbia at $77,430, representing a 5.87x ratio. The field employs 342,720 professionals primarily in health care and social assistance (281,210), followed by government positions (38,100) and educational services (16,430). The specialty shows strong demand driven by increased sports participation and growing awareness of sports-related injury management.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
Sports Medicine Physicians face low automation risk due to the complex nature of their work activities, particularly in assisting and caring for others, making decisions and solving problems, and analyzing nuanced clinical data. While diagnostic imaging analysis may benefit from AI assistance, the critical human judgment required for return-to-play decisions and patient interaction remains irreplaceable by current technology.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [knowledge_overlap] Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Physicians (29-1229.04) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both specialties share high-level medicine and dentistry knowledge (5.0+ importance) and focus on musculoskeletal treatment and rehabilitation.
    data: Medicine and Dentistry knowledge
    data: musculoskeletal disorders treatment
    data: rehabilitation focus
  [task_similarity] Orthopedic Surgeons, Except Pediatric (29-1242.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles diagnose and treat musculoskeletal system disorders with overlapping patient populations and treatment approaches.
    data: musculoskeletal system disorders
    data: diagnostic imaging interpretation
    data: patient examination
  [career_pathway] Athletic Trainers (29-9091.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Sports Medicine Physicians frequently collaborate with Athletic Trainers in coordinating sports care activities and injury prevention programs.
    data: coordinate sports care activities
    data: injury prevention counseling
    data: athletic training collaboration
  [skill_overlap] Emergency Medicine Physicians (29-1214.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both specialties require high-level critical thinking (4.2+ importance) and problem sensitivity (4.5+ importance) for acute medical decision-making.
    data: Critical Thinking skills
    data: Problem Sensitivity abilities
    data: emergency medical decisions
  [job_zone] Family Medicine Physicians (29-1215.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both require Job Zone 5 extensive preparation and share similar education requirements with doctoral degrees and residency training.
    data: Job Zone 5
    data: Doctoral degree requirement
    data: medical residency training

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['sports medicine', 'athletic physician', 'team physician', 'sports doctor', 'exercise medicine', 'sports injury', 'athletic medicine', 'sports health']
  exclude_keywords : ['general medicine', 'surgery', 'pediatrics', 'emergency medicine', 'family practice']
  title_patterns   : ['Sports Medicine Physician', 'Team Physician', 'Athletic Team Physician', 'Sports Doctor', 'Sports Medicine Specialist']
  common_variations: ['Sports Medicine Physician', 'Sports Medicine Doctor', 'Athletic Physician', 'Team Doctor', 'Sports Medicine Specialist', 'Athletic Team Physician', 'Exercise Medicine Physician', 'Sports Health Physician']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['sports', 'medicine', 'medical', 'tendency', 'others', 'equipment', 'injuries', 'athletes', 'physical', 'specialty', 'care', 'exercise', 'health', 'trainers', 'physicians', 'treatment', 'athletic', 'countries', 'sport', 'advise']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
sports                     81  0.02064  wikipedia            wikipedia:73%  inference:22%  onet_tasks:5%
medicine                   81  0.02064  wikipedia            wikipedia:80%  inference:19%  onet_dimensions:1%
medical                    54  0.01376  wikipedia            wikipedia:48%  dwas:20%  onet_tasks:15%
tendency                   42  0.01070  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
others                     41  0.01045  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:93%  dwas:5%  inference:2%
equipment                  34  0.00867  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:68%  dwas:24%  onet_tasks:9%
injuries                   32  0.00816  wikipedia            wikipedia:75%  onet_tasks:12%  inference:6%
athletes                   31  0.00790  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:39%  wikipedia:26%  dwas:19%
physical                   31  0.00790  wikipedia            wikipedia:42%  onet_dimensions:19%  onet_tasks:16%
specialty                  24  0.00612  wikipedia            wikipedia:83%  inference:12%  onet_tasks:4%
care                       23  0.00586  wikipedia            wikipedia:70%  inference:13%  onet_tasks:9%
exercise                   23  0.00586  wikipedia            wikipedia:52%  dwas:30%  onet_tasks:13%
health                     21  0.00535  wikipedia            wikipedia:62%  dwas:24%  inference:10%
trainers                   20  0.00510  wikipedia            wikipedia:35%  dwas:30%  onet_tasks:20%
physicians                 20  0.00510  wikipedia            wikipedia:60%  inference:35%  onet_tasks:5%
treatment                  20  0.00510  wikipedia            wikipedia:45%  onet_tasks:15%  onet_dimensions:15%
athletic                   18  0.00459  wikipedia            wikipedia:56%  inference:28%  onet_tasks:17%
countries                  17  0.00433  wikipedia            wikipedia:94%  inference:6%
sport                      17  0.00433  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
advise                     16  0.00408  dwas                 dwas:56%  onet_tasks:25%  wikipedia:12%
principles                 16  0.00408  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
coaches                    15  0.00382  dwas                 dwas:40%  onet_tasks:33%  inference:20%
family                     15  0.00382  wikipedia            wikipedia:87%  dwas:7%  inference:7%
activities                 14  0.00357  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:64%  onet_tasks:21%  inference:14%
includes                   13  0.00331  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:92%  wikipedia:8%
procedures                 12  0.00306  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  onet_tasks:17%  dwas:17%
problems                   12  0.00306  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:75%  onet_tasks:8%  wikipedia:8%
management                 12  0.00306  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:58%  wikipedia:25%  inference:17%
control                    12  0.00306  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
objects                    12  0.00306  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
body                       12  0.00306  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:83%  wikipedia:17%
patient                    12  0.00306  dwas                 dwas:75%  inference:17%  wikipedia:8%
emergency                  12  0.00306  wikipedia            wikipedia:83%  dwas:8%  inference:8%
treat                      11  0.00280  dwas                 dwas:36%  wikipedia:27%  onet_tasks:18%
injury                     11  0.00280  inference            inference:45%  wikipedia:36%  onet_tasks:18%
techniques                 11  0.00280  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:91%  onet_tasks:9%
performance                11  0.00280  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:64%  wikipedia:18%  inference:18%
ideas                      11  0.00280  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
orientation                11  0.00280  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:82%  inference:18%
needs                      10  0.00255  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:80%  dwas:20%