[Core] [46% incumbents] Diagnose or treat diseases or disorders of genitourinary organs and tracts including erectile dysfunction (ED), infertility, incontinence, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, urethral stones, or premature ejaculation.
  DWAs: Diagnose medical conditions. | Administer cancer treatments. | Treat chronic diseases or disorders.

[Core] [46% incumbents] Examine patients using equipment, such as radiograph (x-ray) machines or fluoroscopes, to determine the nature and extent of disorder or injury.
  DWAs: Operate diagnostic imaging equipment.

[Core] [46% incumbents] Order and interpret the results of diagnostic tests, such as prostate specific antigen (PSA) screening, to detect prostate cancer.
  DWAs: Analyze test data or images to inform diagnosis or treatment. | Order medical diagnostic or clinical tests.

[Core] [46% incumbents] Document or review patients' histories.
  DWAs: Gather medical information from patient histories. | Record patient medical histories.

[Core] [46% incumbents] Prescribe or administer antibiotics, antiseptics, or compresses to treat infection or injury.
  DWAs: Administer non-intravenous medications. | Prescribe medications.

[Core] [46% incumbents] Treat urologic disorders using alternatives to traditional surgery such as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, laparoscopy, or laser techniques.
  DWAs: Treat chronic diseases or disorders.

[Core] [46% incumbents] Provide urology consultation to physicians or other health care professionals.
  DWAs: Advise medical personnel regarding healthcare issues.

[Core] [46% incumbents] Treat lower urinary tract dysfunctions using equipment such as diathermy machines, catheters, cystoscopes, or radium emanation tubes.
  DWAs: Operate diagnostic or therapeutic medical instruments or equipment. | Treat chronic diseases or disorders.

[Core] [46% incumbents] Direct the work of nurses, residents, or other staff to provide patient care.
  DWAs: Supervise patient care personnel.

[Core] [46% incumbents] Perform abdominal, pelvic, or retroperitoneal surgeries.
  DWAs: Operate on patients to treat conditions.

[Core] [46% incumbents] Prescribe medications to treat patients with erectile dysfunction (ED), infertility, or ejaculation problems.
  DWAs: Prescribe medications.

[Core] [46% incumbents] Refer patients to specialists when condition exceeds experience, expertise, or scope of practice.
  DWAs: Refer patients to other healthcare practitioners or health resources.

[Core] [46% incumbents] Teach or train medical and clinical staff.
  DWAs: Train medical providers.

[Core] [46% incumbents] Perform brachytherapy, cryotherapy, high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), or photodynamic therapy to treat prostate or other cancers.
  DWAs: Administer cancer treatments.

--- SKILLS ---
  Reading Comprehension (imp:4.38 lvl:5.00) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Critical Thinking (imp:4.25 lvl:4.50) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Active Listening (imp:4.12 lvl:4.62) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Writing (imp:4.12 lvl:4.12) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Speaking (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Active Learning (imp:3.88 lvl:3.88) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Monitoring (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Science (imp:3.62 lvl:3.88) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
  Learning Strategies (imp:3.12 lvl:3.38) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Mathematics (imp:2.75 lvl:3.00) — Using mathematics to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:5.00 lvl:6.95) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Biology (imp:4.75 lvl:5.71) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  English Language (imp:4.27 lvl:4.73) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Education and Training (imp:3.95 lvl:5.41) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:3.88 lvl:5.30) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Administration and Management (imp:3.85 lvl:5.06) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Psychology (imp:3.75 lvl:5.47) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:3.70 lvl:4.88) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Chemistry (imp:3.59 lvl:4.58) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Computers and Electronics (imp:3.47 lvl:4.22) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:3.39 lvl:4.59) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Administrative (imp:3.20 lvl:4.59) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Mathematics (imp:3.20 lvl:4.09) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Economics and Accounting (imp:3.19 lvl:3.81) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Law and Government (imp:3.11 lvl:3.46) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Telecommunications (imp:3.11 lvl:2.30) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:3.07 lvl:3.76) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Public Safety and Security (imp:2.99 lvl:3.67) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Communications and Media (imp:2.81 lvl:2.49) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Sales and Marketing (imp:2.73 lvl:3.37) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Physics (imp:2.63 lvl:2.90) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Foreign Language (imp:2.57 lvl:1.83) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Production and Processing (imp:2.50 lvl:2.97) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Engineering and Technology (imp:2.45 lvl:1.67) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Mechanical (imp:2.21 lvl:2.03) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Geography (imp:1.94 lvl:2.14) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.91 lvl:2.29) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Transportation (imp:1.79 lvl:1.25) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  History and Archeology (imp:1.71 lvl:1.19) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Design (imp:1.57 lvl:1.52) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Building and Construction (imp:1.26) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Fine Arts (imp:1.10) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
  Food Production (imp:1.00) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food

--- ABILITIES ---
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:4.75 lvl:5.25) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Written Comprehension (imp:4.38 lvl:5.00) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Oral Comprehension (imp:4.25 lvl:5.00) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Oral Expression (imp:4.25 lvl:4.88) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Written Expression (imp:4.25 lvl:4.88) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:4.25 lvl:4.75) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:4.25 lvl:5.25) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Near Vision (imp:4.00 lvl:4.12) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Information Ordering (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.88 lvl:3.75) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.75 lvl:3.88) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.62 lvl:4.00) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:3.38 lvl:3.38) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.38 lvl:4.00) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:3.38 lvl:3.88) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Selective Attention (imp:3.25 lvl:3.38) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Control Precision (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Originality (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Speed of Closure (imp:3.12 lvl:3.62) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Perceptual Speed (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Finger Dexterity (imp:3.12 lvl:3.75) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Memorization (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Time Sharing (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Manual Dexterity (imp:3.00 lvl:3.50) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Visualization (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Far Vision (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Number Facility (imp:2.75 lvl:3.00) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Trunk Strength (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Depth Perception (imp:2.50 lvl:2.50) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.50 lvl:2.50) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Response Orientation (imp:2.38 lvl:2.00) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Static Strength (imp:2.25 lvl:2.38) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Stamina (imp:2.25 lvl:1.62) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Rate Control (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Reaction Time (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Dynamic Strength (imp:2.00 lvl:1.00) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Extent Flexibility (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:2.00 lvl:1.62) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:2.00 lvl:1.00) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.62 lvl:1.12) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.50 lvl:0.62) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Sound Localization (imp:1.50 lvl:0.62) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
  Spatial Orientation (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Night Vision (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.12 lvl:0.25) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:4.94 lvl:6.30) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:4.89 lvl:6.79) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:4.75 lvl:6.77) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:4.73 lvl:6.44) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Processing Information (imp:4.69 lvl:6.34) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:4.66 lvl:6.43) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Getting Information (imp:4.62 lvl:5.83) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:4.60 lvl:6.01) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Working with Computers (imp:4.59 lvl:4.84) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:4.52 lvl:6.02) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:4.48 lvl:5.76) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:4.44 lvl:5.40) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:4.28 lvl:5.48) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:4.27 lvl:5.67) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:4.26 lvl:6.38) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:4.22 lvl:4.96) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:4.10 lvl:5.29) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:4.06 lvl:4.95) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:3.97 lvl:5.32) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Thinking Creatively (imp:3.95 lvl:5.07) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:3.93 lvl:5.17) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:3.91 lvl:5.01) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:3.91 lvl:5.30) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:3.88 lvl:5.03) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:3.81 lvl:5.46) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:3.63 lvl:4.65) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:3.60 lvl:4.70) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:3.54 lvl:3.87) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:3.52 lvl:3.67) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:3.48 lvl:4.74) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:3.45 lvl:4.47) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:3.42 lvl:4.40) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:3.29 lvl:5.02) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:3.28 lvl:3.79) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:3.17 lvl:3.98) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:3.16 lvl:3.65) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:3.06 lvl:3.35) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:2.94 lvl:3.41) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:2.49 lvl:2.84) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:2.39 lvl:2.61) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:2.28 lvl:2.33) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Dependability (imp:9.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Attention to Detail (imp:8.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Integrity (imp:7.00) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Cautiousness (imp:6.00) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:5.00) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Cooperation (imp:4.00) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Achievement Orientation (imp:3.00) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Attention to Detail (imp:3.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Cautiousness (imp:2.62) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Integrity (imp:2.43) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:2.41) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Dependability (imp:2.30) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Self-Control (imp:2.30) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Achievement Orientation (imp:2.11) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Perseverance (imp:2.08) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Cooperation (imp:2.03) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Self-Control (imp:2.00) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Innovation (imp:1.80) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Empathy (imp:1.71) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Stress Tolerance (imp:1.70) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Social Orientation (imp:1.47) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Self-Confidence (imp:1.44) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Initiative (imp:1.26) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Sincerity (imp:1.05) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Perseverance (imp:1.00) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Optimism (imp:0.98) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:0.93) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Adaptability (imp:0.89) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Humility (imp:0.81) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Leadership Orientation (imp:0.76) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:4.25 lvl:4.25) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:4.00 lvl:4.25) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:3.88 lvl:3.88) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Time Management (imp:3.62 lvl:3.75) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Systems Analysis (imp:3.50 lvl:3.25) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Coordination (imp:3.38 lvl:3.88) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Service Orientation (imp:3.38 lvl:3.88) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Systems Evaluation (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Instructing (imp:3.12 lvl:4.00) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Persuasion (imp:3.00 lvl:3.25) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Operations Monitoring (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Negotiation (imp:2.88 lvl:3.12) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:2.50 lvl:2.75) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Operation and Control (imp:2.25 lvl:2.38) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Management of Material Resources (imp:2.12 lvl:1.88) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Troubleshooting (imp:1.88 lvl:1.62) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Programming (imp:1.62 lvl:0.75) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Equipment Selection (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Technology Design (imp:1.38 lvl:0.50) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Operations Analysis (imp:1.25 lvl:0.50) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.00) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Repairing (imp:1.00) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 342,720
  annual_median    : $265,930
  annual_pct10     : $69,170
  annual_pct25     : $102,930
  annual_pct75     : $378,770
  annual_pct90     : $452,360
  annual_mean      : $262,040
  hourly_median    : $127.85

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : North Dakota ($454,550)
  lowest_state     : District of Columbia ($77,430)
  dispersion_ratio : 5.870x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (51 total) ---
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:  281,210  median: $ 267,800
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:   38,100  median: $ 288,520
  Educational Services                     emp:   16,430  median: $  82,780
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:    2,110  median: $ 276,060
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:    1,680  median: $ 208,000
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:    1,620  median: $ 280,380
  Finance and Insurance                    emp:      550  median: $ 232,200
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:      370  median: $ 213,060
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:      230  median: $ 156,200
  Manufacturing                            emp:      190  median: $ 101,340

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (11 total) ---
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:  281,210  median: $ 267,800
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:   38,100  median: $ 288,520
  Educational Services                     emp:   16,430  median: $  82,780
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:    2,110  median: $ 276,060
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:    1,680  median: $ 208,000
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:    1,620  median: $ 280,380
  Finance and Insurance                    emp:      550  median: $ 232,200
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:      370  median: $ 213,060
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:      230  median: $ 156,200
  Manufacturing                            emp:      190  median: $ 101,340

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Urology
match_score        : 0.7059
wikidata_qid       : Q105650
word_count         : 2,555
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urology
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T21:40:43.962803Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
Urology (from Greek οὖρον ouron "urine" and -λογία -logia "study of"), also known as genitourinary surgery, is the branch of medicine that focuses on surgical and medical diseases of the urinary system and the male reproductive organs. Organs under the domain of urology include the kidneys, adrenal glands, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, and the male reproductive organs (testes, epididymides, vasa deferentia, seminal vesicles, prostate, and penis).
The urinary and reproductive tracts are closely linked, and disorders of one often affect the other. Thus a major spectrum of the conditions managed in urology exists under the domain of genitourinary disorders. Urology combines the management of medical (i.e., non-surgical) conditions, such as urinary-tract infections and benign prostatic hyperplasia, with the management of surgical conditions such as bladder or prostate cancer, kidney stones, congenital abnormalities, traumatic injury, and stress incontinence.
Urological techniques include minimally invasive robotic and laparoscopic surgery, laser-assisted surgeries, and other scope-guided procedures. Urologists receive training in open and minimally invasive surgical techniques, employing real-time ultrasound guidance, fiber-optic endoscopic equipment, and various lasers in the treatment of multiple benign and malignant conditions. Urology is closely related to (and urologists often collaborate with the practitioners of) oncology, nephrology, gynaecology, andrology, pediatric surgery, colorectal surgery, gastroenterology, and endocrinology.
Urology is one of the most competitive and highly sought surgical specialties for physicians, with new urologists comprising less than 1.5% of United States medical-school graduates each year.
Urologists are physicians which have specialized in the field after completing their general degree in medicine. Upon successful completion of a residency program, many urologists choose to undergo further advanced training in a subspecialty area of expertise through a fellowship lasting an additional 12 to 36 months. Subspecialties may include: urologic surgery, urologic oncology and urologic oncological surgery, endourology and endourologic surgery, urogynecology and urogynecologic surgery, reconstructive urologic surgery (a form of reconstructive surgery), minimally-invasive urologic surgery, pediatric urology and pediatric urologic surgery (including adolescent urology, the treatment of premature or delayed puberty, and the treatment of congenital urological syndromes, malformations, and deformations), transplant urology (the field of transplant medicine and surgery concerned with transplantation of organs such as the kidneys, bladder tissue, ureters, and, recently, penises), voiding dysfunction, paruresis, neurourology, and androurology and sexual medicine. Additionally, some urologists supplement their fellowships with a master's degree (2–3 years) or with a Ph.D. (4–6 years) in related topics to prepare them for academic as well as focused clinical employment.


== Treatment Spectrum ==
Urology is a specialized medical and surgical field dedicated to the comprehensive management of the urinary tract – including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra – in both men and women, as well as the male reproductive organs. The specialty encompasses conservative (non-surgical, mostly pharmacological), minimally invasive, and surgical treatments, including endourological, laparoscopic, and open procedures, as well as lithotripsy and laser-based techniques for removing stones or cutting and vaporizing pathological tissue.
Conservative treatment options in urology include pharmacological therapy for a wide range of conditions, such as:

Sexually transmitted infections (as part of urological venereology)
Erectile dysfunction and other male sexual dysfunctions
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)
bladder dysfunction, including storage and voiding disorders
Urinary incontinence
Urological malignancies treated with systemic therapies, including hormonal therapy and cytostatic agents in oncological settings
Pharmacological management of urolithiasis (stone disease)
Conservative treatment in urology is not limited to pharmacological therapy. It also includes lifestyle modifications and non-invasive interventions such as dietary changes, pelvic floor muscle training, and weight management.
Surgical treatment in urology includes a wide range of operative interventions, such as:

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and bladder tumors
Percutaneous and endoscopic stone removal procedures (e.g. percutaneous nephrolithotomy)
Radical prostatectomy, including nerve-sparing techniques aimed at preserving erectile function and continence
Organ-preserving surgery for renal tumors (partial nephrectomy)
Radical cystectomy with urinary diversion or orthotopic neobladder reconstruction
Reconstructive urological  surgery, including urethral reconstruction and gender-affirming procedures
Surgery for conditions of the external genitalia
Incontinence surgery, including sling procedures and artificial urinary sphincter implantation
Kidney transplantation, including donor nephrectomy and graft implantation
Vasectomy for male sterilization
These surgical approaches are part of standard urological practice and are reflected in clinical guidelines issued by leading international societies, including the European Association of Urology and the American Urological Association.
In Urology, minimally invasive and endoscopic procedures are increasingly used as alternatives to traditional open surgery, reflected in current guidelines of leading international urological societies, including the European Association of Urology and the American Urological Association. Depending on the individual case, these procedures can often be performed as outpatient interventions without general anesthesia, offering reduced patient burden and pain, and shorter recovery times compared with conventional invasive interventions. These procedures are primarily part of Endourology (see below) and include:

Minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery in the retroperitoneal space
Laser therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia, including laser enucleation (e.g. HoLEP, ThuLEP) and laser vaporisation techniques (e.g. photoselective vaporisation of the prostate, PVP)
Laser lithotripsy for kidney and ureteral stones
Laser ablation of tumors in the kidney and prostate, as well as laser treatment for bladder cancer
Robotic and laparoscopic  surgery of the prostate, kidney, and ureter
Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy and robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy
Flexible ureteroscopy and other endoscopic interventions including cystoscopy for diagnosis, biopsy, and treatment


== Training ==


=== United States ===
As of 2022, there are 146 residency programs that offered 356 categorical positions. Urology is one of the early match programs, with results given to applicants by early February (6 weeks before NRMP match). Applications are accepted starting Sep 1, with some programs accepting applications until early Jan.
It is a relatively competitive specialty to match into, with only 65.6% of US seniors matching in the 2022 match cycle. The number of positions has grown from 278 in 2012 to 356 in 2022. Matching is significantly more difficult for IMGs and students who have a year or more off before residency - match rates were 27% and 55% respectively in 2012.
The medical school environment may also be a factor. A study in 2012 also showed after an analysis of match rates from schools between 2005 and 2009 that 20 schools sent more than 15 students into urology (1 standard deviation above the median), with Northwestern University sending 44 students over those five years.
After urology residency, there are seven subspecialties recognized by the AUA (American Urological Association):

Oncology
Calculi
Female Urology
Infertility
Pediatrics
Transplant 

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Pediatric urology (similarity: 0.4444)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pediatric_urology
  QID: Q1741922
  Extract: Pediatric urology is a surgical subspecialty of medicine dealing with the disorders of children's genitourinary systems. Pediatric urologists provide care for both boys and girls ranging from birth to early adult age. The most common problems are those involving disorders of urination, reproductive 

  Title: Brian Christine (similarity: 0.3200)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Christine
  QID: Q137184184
  Extract: Brian Sam Christine is an American urologist and politician who has served as the assistant secretary for health since 2025.

  Title: Roger Kirby (similarity: 0.3810)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Kirby
  QID: Q7358463
  Extract: Roger Sinclair Kirby FRCS(Urol), FEBU is a British retired prostate surgeon and professor of urology. He is prominent as a writer on men's health and prostate disease, the founding editor of the journal Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases and Trends in Urology and Men's Health and a fundraiser fo

  Title: European Association of Urology (similarity: 0.2927)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Association_of_Urology
  QID: Q5412281
  Extract: The European Association of Urology (EAU) is a non-profit organisation committed to the representation of urology professionals worldwide. All active urology professionals, including urology nurses, are eligible for membership of the EAU.

  Title: Primary care physician (similarity: 0.1875)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_care_physician
  QID: Q55379489
  Extract: A primary care physician (PCP) is a physician who provides both the first contact for a person with an undiagnosed health concern as well as continuing care of varied medical conditions, not limited by cause, organ system, or diagnosis. The term is primarily used in the United States. In the past, t

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong confidence supported by comprehensive O*NET data, clear Wikipedia match, detailed task descriptions, and robust wage data from BLS OEWS May 2025. The specialty nature and extensive training requirements are well-documented.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T19:18:53.821013+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,744
tokens_output        : 4,377
cost_usd             : $0.048539
wikipedia_used       : True
wikipedia_title      : Urology
wikipedia_note       : Wikipedia confirms urology as the medical specialty focusing on surgical and medical diseases of the urinary system and male reproductive organs, aligning with the O*NET description of treating genitourinary system disorders.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Urologists are medical specialists who diagnose, treat, and help prevent diseases of the genitourinary system and renal glands, including conditions affecting kidneys, bladder, prostate, and male reproductive organs. They perform both surgical procedures and medical management, ranging from minimally invasive treatments like extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy to complex abdominal and pelvic surgeries. These physicians combine extensive medical knowledge with surgical expertise to address conditions such as kidney stones, urinary tract infections, erectile dysfunction, and urological cancers.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
A urologist begins their day reviewing patient charts and diagnostic test results, including prostate specific antigen (PSA) screenings and imaging studies from radiograph machines or fluoroscopes. They conduct patient examinations to diagnose genitourinary disorders, document patient histories, and interpret complex diagnostic data to develop treatment plans. Throughout the day, they perform surgical procedures such as abdominal, pelvic, or retroperitoneal surgeries, and utilize specialized equipment like cystoscopes, diathermy machines, and catheters for minimally invasive treatments. They prescribe medications including antibiotics and antiseptics, provide consultation to other healthcare professionals, and supervise nursing staff and residents. Administrative duties include extensive documentation in electronic health records and coordinating patient care with multidisciplinary teams.

WHO THRIVES:
Individuals who excel as urologists possess exceptional problem sensitivity and analytical abilities, with high levels of written and oral comprehension needed to process complex medical information. They demonstrate unwavering dependability and attention to detail, as surgical precision and accurate diagnosis are critical to patient outcomes. These professionals exhibit intellectual curiosity and cautiousness, balancing innovative treatment approaches with careful risk assessment. Strong interpersonal skills are essential for patient counseling, particularly when addressing sensitive topics related to reproductive health and urinary function, while leadership abilities enable effective supervision of medical teams and collaboration with other specialists.

CAREER ENTRY:
Becoming a urologist requires extensive education, with 64.4% completing post-doctoral training and 33.4% holding doctoral degrees according to the education distribution data. The path typically includes four years of medical school followed by a five-year urology residency program, representing Job Zone 5 level preparation. Many urologists pursue additional fellowship training in subspecialties such as pediatric urology, oncology, or male infertility, as evidenced by the high percentage completing post-doctoral training.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Urologists can advance into subspecialty practice areas such as pediatric urology, urologic oncology, or male fertility treatment, with opportunities for academic appointments and research positions. Leadership roles include becoming department chairs, medical directors, or establishing private practice ownership as indicated in the job titles sample. The field offers progression into consulting roles, medical device development, and policy positions, with some urologists transitioning into administrative healthcare leadership or government advisory roles.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
The urology field employs 342,720 professionals with a median annual salary of $265,930 according to BLS OEWS May 2025 data, with salaries ranging from $69,170 to $452,360 reflecting significant earning potential. Geographic variation is substantial, with North Dakota offering the highest wages at $454,550 compared to the District of Columbia at $77,430, creating a 5.87x ratio difference. The vast majority of urologists work in health care and social assistance settings (281,210 employed), with additional opportunities in government (38,100) and educational services (16,430), indicating strong demand across multiple sectors. The specialized nature of this field and extensive training requirements suggest continued strong demand as the population ages and urological conditions become more prevalent.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
Urology faces moderate automation impact, with routine diagnostic imaging interpretation and basic documentation tasks increasingly supported by AI systems. However, the core activities of physical examination, complex surgical procedures, and patient counseling for sensitive genitourinary conditions remain highly dependent on human expertise and judgment. The field's emphasis on problem-solving, decision-making, and hands-on patient care provides substantial protection against full automation.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [knowledge_overlap] Obstetricians and Gynecologists (29-1218.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both specialties require extensive knowledge of reproductive anatomy and share patient care approaches for genitourinary conditions.
    data: Medicine and Dentistry knowledge (5.0 importance)
    data: Therapy and Counseling knowledge (3.9 importance)
    data: Related occupation designation
  [riasec_cluster] Orthopedic Surgeons, Except Pediatric (29-1242.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles exhibit high Investigative (I:6.85) and Social (S:5.45) RIASEC profiles reflecting analytical medical practice combined with patient interaction.
    data: RIASEC I:6.85, S:5.45
    data: Job Zone 5 preparation
    data: Related occupation designation
  [skill_overlap] Cardiologists (29-1212.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both specialties require identical high-level critical thinking (4.2 importance) and problem sensitivity (4.8 importance) for complex diagnostic work.
    data: Critical Thinking skill (4.2 importance)
    data: Problem Sensitivity ability (4.8 importance)
    data: Related occupation designation
  [task_similarity] Pediatric Surgeons (29-1243.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles perform complex surgical procedures and require identical work activities in documenting information (4.9 importance) and making medical decisions (4.8 importance).
    data: Documenting/Recording Information activity (4.9 importance)
    data: Making Decisions and Solving Problems activity (4.8 importance)
    data: Surgical procedure performance
  [wage_band] General Internal Medicine Physicians (29-1216.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both specialties fall within the same high-compensation physician category with median salaries exceeding $250,000 annually.
    data: Median annual salary $265,930
    data: Job Zone 5 preparation level
    data: Related occupation designation

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['urologist', 'urology', 'genitourinary', 'kidney specialist', 'bladder specialist', 'prostate doctor', 'urological surgeon', 'male fertility doctor']
  exclude_keywords : ['nephrology', 'gynecology', 'general surgery', 'family medicine', 'emergency medicine']
  title_patterns   : ['urologist', 'urology physician', 'urology MD', 'urologic surgeon', 'genitourinary surgeon']
  common_variations: ['general urologist', 'pediatric urologist', 'neurourologist', 'urology specialist', 'urological oncologist', 'male infertility specialist', 'reconstructive urologist', 'urology attending']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['urology', 'tendency', 'others', 'surgery', 'medical', 'equipment', 'prostate', 'procedures', 'urinary', 'surgical', 'treatment', 'urologists', 'disorders', 'urological', 'bladder', 'techniques', 'includes', 'urologic', 'principles', 'cancer']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
urology                    75  0.01758  wikipedia            wikipedia:91%  inference:8%  onet_tasks:1%
tendency                   42  0.00984  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
others                     39  0.00914  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:97%  wikipedia:3%
surgery                    35  0.00820  wikipedia            wikipedia:97%  onet_tasks:3%
medical                    32  0.00750  wikipedia            wikipedia:41%  inference:31%  dwas:22%
equipment                  30  0.00703  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:77%  onet_tasks:7%  dwas:7%
prostate                   26  0.00609  wikipedia            wikipedia:77%  onet_tasks:15%  inference:8%
procedures                 25  0.00586  wikipedia            wikipedia:56%  onet_dimensions:32%  inference:12%
urinary                    24  0.00562  wikipedia            wikipedia:83%  inference:12%  onet_tasks:4%
surgical                   24  0.00562  wikipedia            wikipedia:75%  inference:25%
treatment                  22  0.00516  wikipedia            wikipedia:68%  onet_dimensions:14%  inference:14%
urologists                 21  0.00492  wikipedia            wikipedia:71%  inference:29%
disorders                  20  0.00469  wikipedia            wikipedia:60%  dwas:15%  onet_tasks:10%
urological                 19  0.00445  wikipedia            wikipedia:89%  inference:11%
bladder                    18  0.00422  wikipedia            wikipedia:89%  onet_tasks:6%  inference:6%
techniques                 18  0.00422  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:56%  wikipedia:39%  onet_tasks:6%
includes                   18  0.00422  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  wikipedia:28%  inference:6%
urologic                   16  0.00375  wikipedia            wikipedia:88%  onet_tasks:6%  inference:6%
principles                 16  0.00375  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
cancer                     15  0.00351  wikipedia            wikipedia:67%  onet_tasks:20%  dwas:13%
laser                      15  0.00351  wikipedia            wikipedia:93%  onet_tasks:7%
patient                    15  0.00351  inference            inference:53%  dwas:20%  wikipedia:20%
treat                      14  0.00328  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:43%  dwas:29%  wikipedia:14%
care                       14  0.00328  wikipedia            wikipedia:43%  inference:21%  onet_tasks:14%
management                 14  0.00328  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:50%  wikipedia:43%  inference:7%
male                       14  0.00328  wikipedia            wikipedia:71%  inference:29%
genitourinary              13  0.00305  wikipedia            wikipedia:62%  inference:31%  onet_tasks:8%
health                     13  0.00305  wikipedia            wikipedia:54%  inference:23%  onet_tasks:8%
problems                   13  0.00305  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:69%  wikipedia:23%  onet_tasks:8%
control                    13  0.00305  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:92%  wikipedia:8%
invasive                   13  0.00305  wikipedia            wikipedia:85%  inference:15%
tract                      12  0.00281  wikipedia            wikipedia:83%  onet_tasks:8%  inference:8%
objects                    12  0.00281  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
program                    12  0.00281  wikipedia            wikipedia:83%  onet_dimensions:8%  inference:8%
reproductive               12  0.00281  wikipedia            wikipedia:75%  inference:25%
association                12  0.00281  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
diseases                   11  0.00258  wikipedia            wikipedia:36%  dwas:27%  inference:18%
organs                     11  0.00258  wikipedia            wikipedia:73%  inference:18%  onet_tasks:9%
machines                   11  0.00258  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:64%  onet_tasks:18%  inference:18%
problem                    11  0.00258  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:64%  wikipedia:18%  inference:18%