[Core] [21% incumbents] Arrange and attach chromosomes in numbered pairs on karyotype charts, using standard genetics laboratory practices and nomenclature, to identify normal or abnormal chromosomes.
  DWAs: Prepare biological specimens for laboratory analysis.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Count numbers of chromosomes and identify the structural abnormalities by viewing culture slides through microscopes, light microscopes, or photomicroscopes.
  DWAs: Analyze laboratory specimens to detect abnormalities or other problems.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Examine chromosomes found in biological specimens to detect abnormalities.
  DWAs: Analyze laboratory specimens to detect abnormalities or other problems.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Apply prepared specimen and control to appropriate grid, run instrumentation, and produce analyzable results.
  DWAs: Operate laboratory equipment to analyze medical samples.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Select appropriate culturing system or procedure based on specimen type and reason for referral.
  DWAs: Determine protocols for medical procedures.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Analyze chromosomes found in biological specimens to aid diagnoses and treatments for genetic diseases such as congenital disabilities, fertility problems, and hematological disorders.
  DWAs: Analyze laboratory specimens to detect abnormalities or other problems.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Harvest cell cultures using substances such as mitotic arrestants, cell releasing agents, and cell fixatives.
  DWAs: Collect biological specimens from patients.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Summarize test results and report to appropriate authorities.
  DWAs: Prepare official health documents or records. | Prepare reports summarizing patient diagnostic or care activities.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Prepare biological specimens such as amniotic fluids, bone marrow, tumors, chorionic villi, and blood, for chromosome examinations.
  DWAs: Prepare biological specimens for laboratory analysis.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Select or prepare specimens and media for cell cultures using aseptic techniques, knowledge of medium components, or cell nutritional requirements.
  DWAs: Prepare biological specimens for laboratory analysis.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Input details of specimen processing, analysis, and technical issues into logs or laboratory information systems (LIS).
  DWAs: Enter patient or treatment data into computers.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Prepare slides of cell cultures following standard procedures.
  DWAs: Prepare biological specimens for laboratory analysis.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Input details of specimens into logs or computer systems.
  DWAs: Enter patient or treatment data into computers.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Select appropriate methods of preparation and storage of media to maintain potential of hydrogen (pH), sterility, or ability to support growth.
  DWAs: Determine protocols for medical procedures.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Develop, implement, and monitor quality control and quality assurance programs to ensure accurate and precise test performance and reports.
  DWAs: Monitor medical facility activities to ensure adherence to standards or regulations. | Develop healthcare quality and safety procedures.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Stain slides to make chromosomes visible for microscopy.
  DWAs: Prepare biological specimens for laboratory analysis.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Describe chromosome, FISH and aCGH analysis results in International System of Cytogenetic Nomenclature (ISCN) language.
  DWAs: Communicate test or assessment results to medical professionals.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Evaluate appropriateness of received specimens for requested tests.
  DWAs: Test biological specimens to gather information about patient conditions.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Create chromosome images using computer imaging systems.
  DWAs: Create advanced digital images of patients using computer imaging systems.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Recognize and report abnormalities in the color, size, shape, composition, or pattern of cells.
  DWAs: Analyze laboratory specimens to detect abnormalities or other problems. | Inform medical professionals regarding patient conditions and care.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Determine optimal time sequences and methods for manual or robotic cell harvests.
  DWAs: Determine protocols for medical procedures.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Communicate to responsible parties unacceptable specimens and suggest remediation for future submissions.
  DWAs: Communicate test or assessment results to medical professionals.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Select banding methods to permit identification of chromosome pairs.
  DWAs: Determine protocols for medical procedures.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Maintain laboratory equipment such as photomicroscopes, inverted microscopes, and standard darkroom equipment.
  DWAs: Maintain medical laboratory equipment.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Identify appropriate methods of specimen collection, preservation, or transport.
  DWAs: Determine protocols for medical procedures.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Archive case documentation and study materials as required by regulations and laws.
  DWAs: Maintain medical facility records.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Supervise subordinate laboratory staff.
  DWAs: Supervise technical medical personnel.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Develop and implement training programs for trainees, medical students, resident physicians or post-doctoral fellows.
  DWAs: Prepare healthcare training materials. | Train medical providers.

[Supplemental] [21% incumbents] Communicate test results or technical information to patients, physicians, family members, or researchers.
  DWAs: Communicate detailed medical information to patients or family members. | Communicate test or assessment results to medical professionals.

[Supplemental] [21% incumbents] Extract, measure, dilute as appropriate, label, and prepare DNA for array analysis.
  DWAs: Prepare biological specimens for laboratory analysis.

--- SKILLS ---
  Reading Comprehension (imp:3.88 lvl:4.50) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Critical Thinking (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Writing (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Active Listening (imp:3.62 lvl:4.00) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Speaking (imp:3.62 lvl:4.00) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Science (imp:3.25 lvl:3.75) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
  Active Learning (imp:3.25 lvl:3.38) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Monitoring (imp:3.12 lvl:3.38) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Mathematics (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Learning Strategies (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Biology (imp:4.19 lvl:4.90) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Chemistry (imp:3.57 lvl:4.24) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  English Language (imp:3.20 lvl:3.71) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Computers and Electronics (imp:3.14 lvl:3.71) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Mathematics (imp:3.05 lvl:3.71) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:2.71 lvl:2.81) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:2.71 lvl:2.43) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Education and Training (imp:2.62 lvl:3.10) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Administrative (imp:2.52 lvl:3.00) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Production and Processing (imp:2.38 lvl:2.43) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Administration and Management (imp:2.29 lvl:2.81) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Engineering and Technology (imp:2.29 lvl:2.05) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Mechanical (imp:2.24 lvl:2.52) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Public Safety and Security (imp:2.19 lvl:1.81) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:2.10 lvl:2.10) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Law and Government (imp:2.05 lvl:1.86) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Telecommunications (imp:1.95 lvl:1.05) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Physics (imp:1.71 lvl:1.29) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Communications and Media (imp:1.67 lvl:1.38) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Economics and Accounting (imp:1.57 lvl:0.86) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Design (imp:1.48 lvl:0.81) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Psychology (imp:1.48 lvl:0.71) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Sales and Marketing (imp:1.43 lvl:0.76) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Transportation (imp:1.33 lvl:0.76) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Building and Construction (imp:1.29 lvl:0.43) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Geography (imp:1.24 lvl:0.62) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.24 lvl:0.43) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:1.14 lvl:0.24) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.14 lvl:0.43) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Food Production (imp:1.05 lvl:0.10) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
  History and Archeology (imp:1.05 lvl:0.05) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Foreign Language (imp:1.00) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Fine Arts (imp:1.00) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform

--- ABILITIES ---
  Oral Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.38) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Written Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.12) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Information Ordering (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Near Vision (imp:4.00 lvl:4.25) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Oral Expression (imp:3.88 lvl:4.50) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:3.88 lvl:4.12) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:3.88 lvl:4.12) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Written Expression (imp:3.75 lvl:4.12) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.62 lvl:3.88) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.50 lvl:3.88) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Selective Attention (imp:3.25 lvl:3.12) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Perceptual Speed (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:3.12 lvl:3.38) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Number Facility (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Finger Dexterity (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Originality (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Visualization (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Control Precision (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Far Vision (imp:2.88 lvl:3.25) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Manual Dexterity (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.62 lvl:2.62) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Memorization (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Time Sharing (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Rate Control (imp:2.00 lvl:1.00) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Reaction Time (imp:2.00 lvl:1.00) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Static Strength (imp:2.00 lvl:1.00) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Trunk Strength (imp:2.00 lvl:1.38) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Depth Perception (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:1.88 lvl:1.12) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Response Orientation (imp:1.75 lvl:1.25) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Extent Flexibility (imp:1.50 lvl:0.75) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.25 lvl:0.25) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Dynamic Strength (imp:1.25 lvl:0.38) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Spatial Orientation (imp:1.00) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Stamina (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:1.00) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:1.00) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Night Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Sound Localization (imp:1.00) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:4.52 lvl:4.14) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:4.40 lvl:5.55) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:4.38 lvl:4.24) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:4.30 lvl:4.65) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Getting Information (imp:4.19 lvl:4.14) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:4.19 lvl:5.29) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Working with Computers (imp:4.15 lvl:3.05) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Processing Information (imp:3.95 lvl:4.71) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:3.81 lvl:4.19) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:3.81 lvl:3.43) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:3.76 lvl:4.10) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:3.70 lvl:4.40) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:3.67 lvl:4.52) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:3.62 lvl:4.00) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:3.50 lvl:4.19) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:3.24 lvl:3.81) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:3.19 lvl:3.81) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:3.10 lvl:4.10) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:3.10 lvl:3.10) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:3.05 lvl:3.14) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:3.00 lvl:3.67) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:2.95 lvl:2.57) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:2.90 lvl:3.43) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:2.80 lvl:3.05) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:2.76 lvl:2.86) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:2.75 lvl:3.25) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:2.67 lvl:2.67) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:2.67 lvl:3.10) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Thinking Creatively (imp:2.60 lvl:3.30) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:2.57 lvl:2.38) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:2.52 lvl:2.67) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:2.48 lvl:2.43) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:2.43 lvl:3.10) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:2.38 lvl:2.67) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:2.38 lvl:2.43) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:2.19 lvl:2.20) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:2.14 lvl:2.05) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:1.71 lvl:1.24) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:1.67 lvl:1.38) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:1.60 lvl:1.10) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:1.38 lvl:0.67) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Dependability (imp:6.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Attention to Detail (imp:5.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Integrity (imp:4.00) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Cautiousness (imp:3.00) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Attention to Detail (imp:3.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Dependability (imp:2.65) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Cautiousness (imp:2.50) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:2.24) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Integrity (imp:2.21) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Achievement Orientation (imp:2.08) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:2.00) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Stress Tolerance (imp:1.70) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Perseverance (imp:1.67) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Cooperation (imp:1.41) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Adaptability (imp:1.17) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Control (imp:1.03) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Self-Confidence (imp:1.02) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Achievement Orientation (imp:1.00) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Initiative (imp:0.80) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Humility (imp:0.56) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity (imp:0.53) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Leadership Orientation (imp:0.45) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Innovation (imp:0.44) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:0.43) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Optimism (imp:0.22) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Empathy (imp:0.02) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:3.50 lvl:3.25) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:3.38 lvl:3.38) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Time Management (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Coordination (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Systems Analysis (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Instructing (imp:2.88 lvl:3.12) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Operations Monitoring (imp:2.88 lvl:2.62) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Systems Evaluation (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Service Orientation (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Persuasion (imp:2.38 lvl:2.38) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Negotiation (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Operation and Control (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Operations Analysis (imp:2.00 lvl:1.25) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Troubleshooting (imp:2.00 lvl:1.12) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:2.00 lvl:1.38) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Management of Material Resources (imp:2.00 lvl:1.25) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.75 lvl:0.88) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Equipment Selection (imp:1.62 lvl:0.88) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Repairing (imp:1.62 lvl:0.62) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
  Technology Design (imp:1.50 lvl:0.75) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Programming (imp:1.38 lvl:0.50) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : N/A
  annual_median    : N/A
  annual_pct10     : N/A
  annual_pct25     : N/A
  annual_pct75     : N/A
  annual_pct90     : N/A
  annual_mean      : N/A
  hourly_median    : N/A

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : N/A
  lowest_state     : N/A
  dispersion_ratio : N/A

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (0 total) ---

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (0 total) ---

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Cytogenetics
match_score        : 0.6486
wikidata_qid       : Q246128
word_count         : 2,328
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytogenetics
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T21:43:43.039068Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
Cytogenetics is essentially a branch of genetics, but is also a part of cell biology/cytology (a subdivision of human anatomy), that is concerned with how the chromosomes relate to cell behaviour, particularly to their behaviour during mitosis and meiosis. Techniques used include karyotyping, analysis of G-banded chromosomes, other cytogenetic banding techniques, as well as molecular cytogenetics such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH).


== History ==


=== Beginnings ===
Chromosomes were first observed in plant cells by Carl Nägeli in 1842. Their behavior in animal (salamander) cells was described by Walther Flemming, the discoverer of mitosis, in 1882. The name was coined by another German anatomist, von Waldeyer in 1888.
The next stage took place after the development of genetics in the early 20th century, when it was appreciated that the set of chromosomes (the karyotype) was the carrier of the genes. Levitsky seems to have been the first to define the karyotype as the phenotypic appearance of the somatic chromosomes, in contrast to their genic contents. Investigation into the human karyotype took many years to settle the most basic question: how many chromosomes does a normal diploid human cell contain? In 1912, Hans von Winiwarter reported 47 chromosomes in spermatogonia and 48 in oogonia, concluding an XX/XO sex determination mechanism. Painter in 1922 was not certain whether the diploid number of humans was 46 or 48, at first favoring 46. He revised his opinion later from 46 to 48, and he correctly insisted on humans having an XX/XY system of sex-determination. Considering their techniques, these results were quite remarkable. In science books, the number of human chromosomes remained at 48 for over thirty years. New techniques were needed to correct this error. Joe Hin Tjio working in Albert Levan's lab was responsible for finding the approach:

Using cells in culture
Pre-treating cells in a hypotonic solution, which swells them and spreads the chromosomes
Arresting mitosis in metaphase by a solution of colchicine
Squashing the preparation on the slide forcing the chromosomes into a single plane
Cutting up a photomicrograph and arranging the result into an indisputable karyogram.
It took until 1956 for it to be generally accepted that the karyotype of man included only 46 chromosomes. The great apes have 48 chromosomes. Human chromosome 2 was formed by a merger of ancestral chromosomes, reducing the number.


== Applications of cytogenetics ==


=== McClintock's work on maize ===
Barbara McClintock began her career as a maize cytogeneticist. In 1931, McClintock and Harriet Creighton demonstrated that cytological recombination of marked chromosomes correlated with recombination of genetic traits (genes). McClintock, while at the Carnegie Institution, continued previous studies on the mechanisms of chromosome breakage and fusion flare in maize. She identified a particular chromosome breakage event that always occurred at the same locus on maize chromosome 9, which she named the "Ds" or "dissociation" locus. McClintock continued her career in cytogenetics studying the mechanics and inheritance of broken and ring (circular) chromosomes of maize. During her cytogenetic work, McClintock discovered transposons, a find which eventually led to her Nobel Prize in 1983.


=== Natural populations of Drosophila ===
In the 1930s, Dobzhansky and his coworkers collected Drosophila pseudoobscura and D. persimilis from wild populations in California and neighboring states. Using Painter's technique they studied the polytene chromosomes and discovered that the wild populations were polymorphic for chromosomal inversions. All the flies look alike whatever inversions they carry: this is an example of a cryptic polymorphism.
Evidence rapidly accumulated to show that natural selection was responsible. Using a method invented by L'Héritier and Teissier, Dobzhansky bred populations in population cages, which enabled feeding, breeding and sampling whilst preventing escape. This had the benefit of eliminating migration as a possible explanation of the results. Stocks containing inversions at a known initial frequency can be maintained in controlled conditions. It was found that the various chromosome types do not fluctuate at random, as they would if selectively neutral, but adjust to certain frequencies at which they become stabilised. By the time Dobzhansky published the third edition of his book in 1951 he was persuaded that the chromosome morphs were being maintained in the population by the selective advantage of the heterozygotes, as with most polymorphisms.


=== Lily and mouse ===
The lily is a favored organism for the cytological examination of meiosis since the chromosomes are large and each morphological stage of meiosis can be easily identified microscopically. Hotta, Chandley et al. presented the evidence for a common pattern of DNA nicking and repair synthesis in male meiotic cells of lilies and rodents during the zygotene–pachytene stages of meiosis when crossing over was presumed to occur.  The presence of a common pattern between organisms as phylogenetically distant as lily and mouse led the authors to conclude that the organization for meiotic crossing-over in at least higher eukaryotes is probably universal in distribution.


== Human abnormalities and medical applications ==

Following the advent of procedures that allowed easy enumeration of chromosomes, discoveries were quickly made related to aberrant chromosomes or chromosome number.
Constitutional cytogenetics: In some congenital disorders, such as Down syndrome, cytogenetics revealed the nature of the chromosomal defect: a "simple" trisomy.  Abnormalities arising from nondisjunction events can cause cells with aneuploidy (additions or deletions of entire chromosomes) in one of the parents or in the fetus. In 1959, Lejeune discovered patients with Down syndrome had an extra copy of chromosome 21. Down syndrome is also referred to as trisomy 21.
Other numerical abnormalities discovered include sex chromosome abnormalities. A female with only one X chromosome has Turner syndrome, whereas a male with an additional X chromosome, resulting in 47 total chromosomes, has Klinefelter syndrome. Many other sex chromosome combinations are compatible with live birth including XXX, XYY, and XXXX. The ability for mammals to tolerate aneuploidies in the sex chromosomes arises from the ability to inactivate them, which is required in normal females to compensate for having two copies of the chromosome. Not all genes on the X chromosome are inactivated, which is why there is a phenotypic effect seen in individuals with extra X chromosomes.
Trisomy 13 was associated with Patau syndrome and trisomy 18 with Edwards syndrome.
Acquired cytogenetics: In 1960, Peter Nowell and David Hungerford discovered a small chromosome in the white blood cells of patients with Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). This abnormal chromosome was dubbed the Philadelphia chromosome - as both scientists were doing their research in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Thirteen years later, with the development of more advanced techniques, the abnormal chromosome was shown by Janet Rowley to be the result of a translocation of chromosomes 9 and 22. Identification of the Philadelphia chromosome by cytogenetics is diagnostic for CML. More than 780 leukemias and hundreds of solid tumors (lung, prostate, kidney, etc.) are now characterized by an acquired chromosomal abnormality, whose prognostic value is crucial. The identification of these chromosomal abnormalities has led to the discovery of a very large number of "cancer genes" (or oncogenes). The increasing knowledge of these cancer genes now allows the development of targeted therapies, which transforms the prospects of patient survival. Thus, cytogenetics has had and continues to have an essential role in the progress of cancer understandi

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Karyotype (similarity: 0.1765)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karyotype
  QID: Q189967
  Extract: A karyotype is the general appearance of the complete set of chromosomes in the cells of a species or in an individual organism, mainly including their sizes, numbers, and shapes. Karyotyping is the process by which a karyotype is discerned by determining the chromosome complement of an individual, 

  Title: Medical laboratory scientist (similarity: 0.3396)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_laboratory_scientist
  QID: Q708800
  Extract: A medical laboratory scientist (MLS), clinical laboratory scientist (CLS), or medical technologist (MT) is a licensed healthcare professional who performs diagnostic testing of body fluids, examples: blood, urine, sputum and other body tissue. The medical technologist is tasked with releasing the pa

  Title: Acute myeloid leukemia (similarity: 0.2553)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_myeloid_leukemia
  QID: Q264118
  Extract: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a cancer of the myeloid line of blood cells, characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal cells that build up in the bone marrow and blood and interfere with normal blood cell production. Symptoms may include feeling tired, shortness of breath, easy bruising, bleedin

  Title: Molecular cytogenetics (similarity: 0.5106)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_cytogenetics
  QID: Q10998484
  Extract: Molecular cytogenetics combines two disciplines, molecular biology and cytogenetics, and involves the analysis of chromosome structure to help distinguish normal and cancer-causing cells. Human cytogenetics began in 1956 when it was discovered that normal human cells contain 46 chromosomes. However,

  Title: American Society for Clinical Pathology (similarity: 0.4062)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Society_for_Clinical_Pathology
  QID: Q4745014
  Extract: The American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP), formerly known as the American Society of Clinical Pathologists, is a professional association based in Chicago, Illinois, encompassing 130,000 pathologists and laboratory professionals.

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong confidence based on detailed task descriptions, comprehensive skill/knowledge data, clear education requirements, and substantial related occupations data that clearly define this specialized healthcare role.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T19:31:29.609840+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,519
tokens_output        : 4,572
cost_usd             : $0.049100
wikipedia_used       : True
wikipedia_title      : Cytogenetics
wikipedia_note       : The Wikipedia match confirms cytogenetics as a branch of genetics focused on chromosome behavior during cell division, using techniques like karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization that align with the occupation's core activities.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Cytogenetic Technologists analyze chromosomes in biological specimens such as blood, bone marrow, and amniotic fluid to detect genetic abnormalities that aid in diagnosing and treating inherited or acquired genetic diseases. They perform classical cytogenetic analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and chromosome banding techniques using specialized laboratory equipment and microscopy. These specialists work in clinical laboratories, hospitals, and research facilities, playing a critical role in genetic medicine by identifying chromosomal disorders, cancer-related genetic changes, and inherited conditions.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
A cytogenetic technologist begins their day by reviewing specimen requests and selecting appropriate culturing systems based on specimen type and clinical indication. They prepare biological specimens using aseptic techniques, harvest cell cultures with mitotic arrestants and fixatives, and process samples for chromosome analysis. Using high-powered microscopes, they examine chromosomes to count and identify structural abnormalities, then arrange and attach chromosomes in numbered pairs on karyotype charts following standard genetics laboratory practices. They operate specialized instrumentation including fluorescence microscopes and automated imaging systems, analyze data to detect chromosomal abnormalities, and document findings in detailed reports. Throughout the day, they communicate with laboratory supervisors, clinicians, and genetic counselors about test results and maintain quality control protocols.

WHO THRIVES:
Individuals who excel in this role possess strong investigative interests combined with realistic and conventional work preferences, as evidenced by the high RIASEC scores in these areas. They demonstrate exceptional attention to detail and dependability, critical for accurate chromosome analysis and patient safety. Successful cytogenetic technologists have excellent visual acuity and pattern recognition skills, allowing them to identify subtle chromosomal abnormalities under microscopic examination. They possess strong analytical thinking abilities with high levels of deductive and inductive reasoning, enabling them to interpret complex genetic patterns and draw meaningful conclusions from laboratory data. These professionals are methodical, cautious, and maintain high standards of integrity in their work, understanding that their analyses directly impact patient diagnosis and treatment decisions.

CAREER ENTRY:
Entry into cytogenetic technology requires a bachelor's degree in biology, genetics, or related life science field, with 76.2% of practitioners holding this credential according to education distribution data. Many positions also require post-baccalaureate certification in cytogenetics, with 23.8% of professionals obtaining specialized certificates designed for bachelor's degree holders. Candidates typically need coursework in genetics, cell biology, chemistry, and mathematics, along with hands-on laboratory experience through internships or clinical rotations. Professional certification through organizations like the American Society for Clinical Pathology is often required or strongly preferred by employers.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Cytogenetic technologists can advance to senior technologist positions, laboratory supervisors, or specialized roles in molecular cytogenetics and cancer genetics. Many pursue additional education to become clinical laboratory scientists, genetic counselors, or research scientists in cytogenetics. Career progression may lead to laboratory management roles, quality assurance positions, or specialized consulting in genetic testing. Some professionals transition into related fields such as molecular biology, bioengineering, or clinical research, leveraging their expertise in genetic analysis and laboratory techniques.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
Employment prospects for cytogenetic technologists are strong due to increasing demand for genetic testing and personalized medicine. The field benefits from growing awareness of genetic disorders, expanded cancer genomics testing, and advancing reproductive health services requiring prenatal genetic screening. Geographic opportunities are concentrated in major metropolitan areas with large medical centers, research hospitals, and commercial genetic testing laboratories. Wages vary by region and experience level, with positions typically found in clinical laboratories, hospitals, biotechnology companies, and research institutions. The specialized nature of this work and the extensive training required contribute to competitive compensation packages and job security in the healthcare sector.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
Cytogenetic technology faces moderate automation risk as imaging systems and artificial intelligence increasingly assist with chromosome analysis and pattern recognition. However, the complex interpretive skills required for analyzing chromosomal abnormalities and the need for human oversight in clinical decision-making provide protection against full automation. Professional expertise in specimen preparation, quality control, and clinical correlation of genetic findings will remain essential human contributions to this field.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [skill_overlap] Cytotechnologists (29-2011.02) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles share identical top skills in reading comprehension, critical thinking, and scientific analysis with similar importance and level ratings.
    data: Reading Comprehension (imp:3.9, lvl:4.5)
    data: Critical Thinking (imp:3.9, lvl:4.0)
    data: Biology knowledge
  [task_similarity] Histotechnologists (29-2011.04) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles involve preparing biological specimens for analysis, operating laboratory equipment, and documenting findings for diagnostic purposes.
    data: Prepare biological specimens for laboratory analysis
    data: Operate laboratory equipment
    data: Document/Record Information (imp:4.5)
  [knowledge_overlap] Microbiologists (19-1022.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both require extensive biology knowledge (imp:4.2, lvl:4.9) and chemistry knowledge (imp:3.6, lvl:4.2) for specimen analysis and research applications.
    data: Biology (imp:4.2, lvl:4.9)
    data: Chemistry (imp:3.6, lvl:4.2)
    data: Analyzing Data or Information (imp:4.3)
  [career_pathway] Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists (29-2011.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Cytogenetic technologists often advance to broader laboratory technologist roles or specialize from general laboratory positions.
    data: Job Zone 4
    data: Bachelor's Degree requirement
    data: Laboratory equipment operation
  [riasec_cluster] Molecular and Cellular Biologists (19-1029.02) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both roles demonstrate high investigative interests (I:5.91) combined with realistic work preferences and require advanced biological analysis skills.
    data: RIASEC I:5.91
    data: Molecular cytogenetics techniques
    data: Cell culture work

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['cytogenetic', 'cytogenetics', 'chromosome analysis', 'karyotype', 'genetic testing', 'fluorescence in situ', 'chromosome banding', 'genetic abnormalities']
  exclude_keywords : ['pathology', 'histology', 'microbiology', 'chemistry', 'hematology']
  title_patterns   : ['Cytogenetic Technologist', 'Cytogenetics Technologist', 'Clinical Cytogeneticist', 'Genetic Technologist', 'Chromosome Analyst']
  common_variations: ['Certified Cytogenetic Technologist', 'Cytogenetics Clinical Laboratory Specialist', 'Cytogenetics Technical Specialist', 'Cytogenetic Technician', 'CG CLSp', 'Genetic Laboratory Technologist', 'Chromosome Analysis Specialist', 'Molecular Cytogenetics Technologist']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['chromosomes', 'tendency', 'chromosome', 'others', 'cytogenetics', 'laboratory', 'techniques', 'cells', 'analysis', 'equipment', 'banding', 'medical', 'specimens', 'abnormalities', 'human', 'cell', 'genetic', 'clinical', 'control', 'results']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
chromosomes                53  0.01218  wikipedia            wikipedia:83%  onet_tasks:11%  inference:6%
tendency                   42  0.00965  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
chromosome                 41  0.00942  wikipedia            wikipedia:78%  inference:12%  onet_tasks:10%
others                     38  0.00873  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
cytogenetics               32  0.00735  wikipedia            wikipedia:88%  inference:12%
laboratory                 31  0.00712  dwas                 dwas:39%  inference:29%  wikipedia:19%
techniques                 31  0.00712  wikipedia            wikipedia:52%  onet_dimensions:32%  inference:13%
cells                      29  0.00666  wikipedia            wikipedia:93%  onet_tasks:3%  onet_dimensions:3%
analysis                   28  0.00643  wikipedia            wikipedia:36%  dwas:21%  inference:18%
equipment                  28  0.00643  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:82%  onet_tasks:7%  dwas:7%
banding                    27  0.00620  wikipedia            wikipedia:93%  onet_tasks:4%  inference:4%
medical                    25  0.00574  dwas                 dwas:64%  wikipedia:24%  onet_tasks:4%
specimens                  23  0.00528  dwas                 dwas:52%  onet_tasks:30%  wikipedia:9%
abnormalities              20  0.00460  wikipedia            wikipedia:40%  inference:25%  dwas:20%
human                      19  0.00436  wikipedia            wikipedia:53%  onet_dimensions:37%  inference:11%
cell                       18  0.00413  wikipedia            wikipedia:44%  onet_tasks:39%  inference:17%
genetic                    17  0.00391  inference            inference:82%  wikipedia:12%  onet_tasks:6%
clinical                   17  0.00391  inference            inference:53%  wikipedia:47%
control                    16  0.00368  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:75%  onet_tasks:12%  inference:12%
results                    16  0.00368  wikipedia            wikipedia:44%  onet_tasks:25%  dwas:19%
procedures                 16  0.00368  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:50%  dwas:38%  onet_tasks:6%
principles                 16  0.00368  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
problems                   15  0.00345  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:60%  dwas:27%  onet_tasks:7%
cytogenetic                15  0.00345  inference            inference:53%  wikipedia:40%  onet_tasks:7%
blood                      14  0.00322  wikipedia            wikipedia:86%  onet_tasks:7%  inference:7%
biological                 13  0.00299  dwas                 dwas:62%  onet_tasks:23%  inference:15%
includes                   13  0.00299  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:92%  wikipedia:8%
appropriate                12  0.00276  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:50%  onet_dimensions:42%  inference:8%
quality                    12  0.00276  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:50%  inference:25%  onet_tasks:17%
materials                  12  0.00276  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:83%  onet_tasks:8%  dwas:8%
patterns                   12  0.00276  wikipedia            wikipedia:67%  onet_dimensions:25%  inference:8%
objects                    12  0.00276  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
activities                 12  0.00276  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:75%  dwas:17%  inference:8%
body                       12  0.00276  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:83%  wikipedia:17%
detect                     11  0.00253  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:36%  dwas:36%  inference:18%
ideas                      11  0.00253  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
quickly                    11  0.00253  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:82%  wikipedia:18%
patient                    11  0.00253  dwas                 dwas:45%  wikipedia:36%  inference:18%
molecular                  11  0.00253  wikipedia            wikipedia:82%  inference:18%
chromosomal                11  0.00253  wikipedia            wikipedia:64%  inference:36%