[Core] [22% incumbents] Examine cell samples to detect abnormalities in the color, shape, or size of cellular components and patterns.
  DWAs: Analyze laboratory specimens to detect abnormalities or other problems.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Document specimens by verifying patients' and specimens' information.
  DWAs: Verify accuracy of patient information.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Submit slides with abnormal cell structures to pathologists for further examination.
  DWAs: Communicate test or assessment results to medical professionals.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Prepare and analyze samples, such as Papanicolaou (PAP) smear body fluids and fine needle aspirations (FNAs), to detect abnormal conditions.
  DWAs: Analyze laboratory specimens to detect abnormalities or other problems. | Prepare biological specimens for laboratory analysis.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Examine specimens, using microscopes, to evaluate specimen quality.
  DWAs: Test biological specimens to gather information about patient conditions.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Maintain effective laboratory operations by adhering to standards of specimen collection, preparation, or laboratory safety.
  DWAs: Verify that medical activities or operations meet standards. | Follow protocols or regulations for healthcare activities.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Provide patient clinical data or microscopic findings to assist pathologists in the preparation of pathology reports.
  DWAs: Communicate test or assessment results to medical professionals.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Assist pathologists or other physicians to collect cell samples by fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy or other method.
  DWAs: Assist healthcare practitioners during examinations or treatments.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Prepare cell samples by applying special staining techniques, such as chromosomal staining, to differentiate cells or cell components.
  DWAs: Prepare biological specimens for laboratory analysis.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Adjust, maintain, or repair laboratory equipment, such as microscopes.
  DWAs: Adjust settings or positions of medical equipment. | Maintain medical laboratory equipment. | Repair medical facility equipment.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Assign tasks or coordinate task assignments to ensure adequate performance of laboratory activities.
  DWAs: Supervise technical medical personnel.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Attend continuing education programs that address laboratory issues.
  DWAs: Maintain medical or professional knowledge.

[Supplemental] [21% incumbents] Examine specimens to detect abnormal hormone conditions.
  DWAs: Analyze laboratory specimens to detect abnormalities or other problems.

--- SKILLS ---
  Reading Comprehension (imp:3.88 lvl:3.88) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Active Listening (imp:3.75 lvl:3.88) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Critical Thinking (imp:3.75 lvl:3.88) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Speaking (imp:3.12 lvl:3.38) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Writing (imp:3.00 lvl:3.38) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Active Learning (imp:3.00 lvl:3.50) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Monitoring (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Science (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
  Learning Strategies (imp:2.75 lvl:3.00) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Mathematics (imp:2.62 lvl:2.75) — Using mathematics to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Biology (imp:4.23 lvl:4.59) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:3.86 lvl:3.64) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  English Language (imp:3.23 lvl:3.41) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Administrative (imp:3.05 lvl:3.59) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Chemistry (imp:2.73 lvl:2.95) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:2.64 lvl:2.82) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Computers and Electronics (imp:2.52 lvl:2.82) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Mathematics (imp:2.45 lvl:2.55) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Education and Training (imp:2.45 lvl:2.77) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Public Safety and Security (imp:2.18 lvl:1.82) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Law and Government (imp:2.18 lvl:2.09) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Administration and Management (imp:2.14 lvl:2.18) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:2.05 lvl:1.82) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Mechanical (imp:1.95 lvl:1.64) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Production and Processing (imp:1.86 lvl:1.81) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Communications and Media (imp:1.86 lvl:1.50) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Telecommunications (imp:1.73 lvl:0.68) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Engineering and Technology (imp:1.64 lvl:0.86) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Psychology (imp:1.59 lvl:1.09) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Sales and Marketing (imp:1.50 lvl:1.18) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Economics and Accounting (imp:1.45 lvl:0.82) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Design (imp:1.41 lvl:0.86) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Physics (imp:1.41 lvl:0.73) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:1.36 lvl:0.68) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.36 lvl:0.91) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Transportation (imp:1.36 lvl:0.64) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Geography (imp:1.14 lvl:0.36) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  History and Archeology (imp:1.14 lvl:0.36) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Foreign Language (imp:1.09 lvl:0.14) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Fine Arts (imp:1.05 lvl:0.09) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.05 lvl:0.41) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Food Production (imp:1.00) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
  Building and Construction (imp:1.00) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r

--- ABILITIES ---
  Oral Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.12) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Written Comprehension (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Near Vision (imp:4.00 lvl:4.62) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:3.88 lvl:3.88) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:3.75 lvl:3.88) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.62 lvl:3.88) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:3.62 lvl:3.62) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Finger Dexterity (imp:3.62 lvl:3.75) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:3.38 lvl:3.75) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Information Ordering (imp:3.25 lvl:4.00) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.25 lvl:3.75) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Oral Expression (imp:3.12 lvl:3.88) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Selective Attention (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Written Expression (imp:3.00 lvl:3.75) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Manual Dexterity (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Control Precision (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Far Vision (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Perceptual Speed (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:2.75 lvl:2.38) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Visualization (imp:2.75 lvl:3.12) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Time Sharing (imp:2.62 lvl:2.00) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:2.62 lvl:2.38) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:2.50 lvl:2.75) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.50 lvl:2.88) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Memorization (imp:2.38 lvl:2.12) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Originality (imp:2.25 lvl:2.25) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:2.12 lvl:1.88) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Number Facility (imp:2.00 lvl:2.38) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Rate Control (imp:2.00 lvl:1.25) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Reaction Time (imp:2.00 lvl:1.62) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Trunk Strength (imp:2.00 lvl:1.25) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Depth Perception (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Static Strength (imp:1.88 lvl:0.88) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Response Orientation (imp:1.75 lvl:1.38) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Dynamic Strength (imp:1.62 lvl:0.75) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Extent Flexibility (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.25 lvl:0.25) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:1.25 lvl:0.25) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Stamina (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Spatial Orientation (imp:1.00) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:1.00) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Night Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Sound Localization (imp:1.00) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:4.45 lvl:4.36) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Getting Information (imp:4.19 lvl:3.90) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Working with Computers (imp:4.19 lvl:3.41) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:3.91 lvl:5.05) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:3.91 lvl:4.09) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:3.86 lvl:5.05) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:3.55 lvl:4.09) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:3.45 lvl:3.68) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Processing Information (imp:3.36 lvl:3.82) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:3.33 lvl:3.33) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:3.27 lvl:3.27) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:3.14 lvl:2.68) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:3.09 lvl:3.68) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:3.09 lvl:3.41) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:3.05 lvl:3.59) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:2.91 lvl:2.59) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:2.86 lvl:3.14) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:2.77 lvl:3.32) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:2.77 lvl:3.05) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:2.73 lvl:2.77) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:2.71 lvl:2.68) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:2.64 lvl:2.36) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:2.59 lvl:2.68) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:2.59 lvl:3.32) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:2.52 lvl:2.76) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:2.50 lvl:2.64) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:2.50 lvl:2.14) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:2.50 lvl:2.86) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:2.33 lvl:2.43) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:2.27 lvl:2.27) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:2.23 lvl:2.36) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:2.18 lvl:2.18) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:2.18 lvl:1.86) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:2.18 lvl:1.86) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Thinking Creatively (imp:2.14 lvl:2.00) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:2.00 lvl:1.59) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:1.86 lvl:1.73) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:1.77 lvl:1.48) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:1.55 lvl:0.82) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:1.41 lvl:0.68) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:1.27 lvl:0.50) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Dependability (imp:4.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Attention to Detail (imp:3.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Attention to Detail (imp:3.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Dependability (imp:2.65) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Cautiousness (imp:2.43) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Integrity (imp:2.10) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Integrity (imp:2.00) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:1.97) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Achievement Orientation (imp:1.80) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Perseverance (imp:1.74) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Stress Tolerance (imp:1.67) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control (imp:1.47) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Cooperation (imp:1.44) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Cautiousness (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Self-Confidence (imp:0.89) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Adaptability (imp:0.73) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Sincerity (imp:0.70) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Initiative (imp:0.67) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Humility (imp:0.56) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:0.27) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Optimism (imp:0.18) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Leadership Orientation (imp:0.04) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Empathy (imp:0.02) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Social Orientation (imp:0.02) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Achievement Orientation () — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Intellectual Curiosity () — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Innovation (imp:-0.35) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:3.25 lvl:3.12) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Time Management (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Coordination (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Instructing (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Service Orientation (imp:2.88 lvl:2.38) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Operations Monitoring (imp:2.62 lvl:2.75) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:2.62 lvl:2.62) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:2.62 lvl:2.62) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Operation and Control (imp:2.50 lvl:2.38) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Troubleshooting (imp:2.50 lvl:2.00) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Persuasion (imp:2.25 lvl:2.00) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Systems Analysis (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Systems Evaluation (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Negotiation (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Programming (imp:2.00 lvl:1.00) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Repairing (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:2.00 lvl:1.00) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Management of Material Resources (imp:2.00 lvl:1.12) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Equipment Selection (imp:1.75 lvl:1.38) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Operations Analysis (imp:1.50 lvl:0.62) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Technology Design (imp:1.50 lvl:0.38) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : N/A
  annual_median    : N/A
  annual_pct10     : N/A
  annual_pct25     : N/A
  annual_pct75     : N/A
  annual_pct90     : N/A
  annual_mean      : N/A
  hourly_median    : N/A

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : N/A
  lowest_state     : N/A
  dispersion_ratio : N/A

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (0 total) ---

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (0 total) ---

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Cytotechnology
match_score        : 0.8387
wikidata_qid       : Q5201400
word_count         : 471
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytotechnology
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T21:43:55.668285Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
Cytotechnology is the microscopic interpretation of cells to detect cancer and other abnormalities.  This includes the examination of samples collected from the uterine cervix (Pap test), lung, gastrointestinal tract, or body cavities. A cytotechnologist is an allied health professional trained to evaluate specimens on glass slides using microscopes. 
Two evaluations can be performed, starting with the initial evaluation, which can be performed by a computer, and points out areas that may be of particular interest for later examination. Then, the cytotechnologist performs a secondary evaluation and determines whether a specimen is normal or abnormal. Abnormal specimens are referred to a pathologist for final interpretation or medical diagnosis.
Much like with other medical fields, a cytotechnologist's work must be completed with high fidelity and must be interpreted properly. The working relationship between the cytotechnologist and the pathologist provides quality control for their work. Discussions between the two and the severity of their disagreements are used as a measurement for quality assurance. For example, when a cytotechnologist is working to construct a tissue microarray (TMA), they must check in with the supervising pathologist at multiple points in the process. The pathologist must first work with the cytotechnologist to make sure they know what to look for in the selection process and then review any selection that the cytotechnologist has concerns about.  
Different countries have different certification requirements and standards for cytotechnologists.  In the United States, there are currently two routes for certification: a person can first earn a bachelor's degree and then attend an accredited program in cytotechnology for one year, or they can attend a cytotechnology program that also awards a bachelor's degree. After successful completion of either route, the individual becomes eligible to take a certification exam offered by the American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP). People who complete the requirements and pass the examination are entitled to designate themselves as "CT (ASCP)". People who reside outside the United States have the option to take the certification exam for the ASCPi instead. They must complete all requirements to be eligible, and upon successful completion, can practice in the USA. The American Society for Cytotechnology (ASCT) sets U.S. professional standards, monitors legislative and regulatory issues, and provides education. Individual states regulate the licensure of cytotechnologists, usually following American Society of Cytopathology (ASC) guidelines.
 Other countries have their own versions of the ASCT, including the British Association of Cytopathology (BAC) in the UK and the European Federation of Cytology Societies (EFCS) in the EU.  
The ASC is for cytopathologists, but certain qualified cytotechnologists can join it as well.


== History ==
ASCP certified the first cytotechnologist in 1957. In the 1970s, the number of schools peaked at 130, before dropping to 32 in 2011.


== See also ==
Gynaecologic cytology
Cytopathology


== References ==


== External links ==
American Society for Cytotechnology website

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: American Society of Cytopathology (similarity: 0.4000)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Society_of_Cytopathology
  QID: Q4745072
  Extract: The American Society of Cytopathology (ASC), founded in 1951, is a national professional society of physicians, cytotechnologists and scientists who are dedicated to cytopathology, which involves the cytologic method of diagnostic pathology. They have more than 3000 members including representatives

  Title: Phlebotomy (similarity: 0.1481)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phlebotomy
  QID: Q3595842
  Extract: Phlebotomy is the process of making a puncture in a vein, usually in the arm or hand, with a cannula for the purpose of drawing blood. The procedure itself is known as a venipuncture, which is also used for intravenous therapy. A person who performs a phlebotomy is called a phlebotomist, although mo

  Title: Anatomical pathology (similarity: 0.4324)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomical_pathology
  QID: Q683455
  Extract: Anatomical pathology (Commonwealth) or anatomic pathology (U.S.) is a medical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the macroscopic, microscopic, biochemical, immunologic and molecular examination of organs and tissues. Over the 20th century, surgical pathology has evolv

  Title: Cell biology (similarity: 0.4138)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_biology
  QID: Q7141
  Extract: Cell biology, cellular biology, or cytology, is the branch of biology that studies the structure, function, and behavior of the cells. All organisms are made of cells. A cell is the basic unit of life that is responsible for the living and functioning of an organism. Cell biology encompasses both pr

  Title: Hermann Henking (similarity: 0.2500)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Henking
  QID: Q100940
  Extract: Hermann Paul August Otto Henking was a German cytologist who discovered the X chromosome in 1890 or 1891. The work was the result of a study in Leipzig of the testicles of the firebug, during which Henking noticed that one chromosome did not take part in meiosis. He named this the X element because 

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong confidence based on detailed O*NET task descriptions, clear educational pathways, established certification requirements, and robust Wikipedia validation of the profession's scope and purpose.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T19:32:29.292155+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,473
tokens_output        : 4,105
cost_usd             : $0.046060
wikipedia_used       : True
wikipedia_title      : Cytotechnology
wikipedia_note       : The Wikipedia entry confirms cytotechnology as the microscopic interpretation of cells to detect cancer and abnormalities, performed by allied health professionals trained in specimen evaluation. This aligns perfectly with the O*NET description and provides additional context about sample sources including cervical, lung, and gastrointestinal specimens.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Cytotechnologists are specialized laboratory professionals who examine cellular samples under microscopes to detect cancer, hormonal abnormalities, and other pathological conditions. They prepare, stain, and mount cell specimens from sources like Pap smears, fine needle aspirations, and body fluids, following established medical protocols. Their microscopic analysis and documentation directly supports cancer diagnosis and patient care by identifying abnormal cellular structures that require further pathologist review.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
A cytotechnologist begins by preparing cell samples using specialized staining techniques to differentiate cellular components and enhance visibility under the microscope. They spend most of their day examining specimens through high-powered microscopes, carefully analyzing the color, shape, and size of cells to detect abnormalities that might indicate cancer or other diseases. Throughout the process, they meticulously document patient and specimen information, verify specimen quality, and maintain detailed records of their microscopic findings. When abnormal cell structures are identified, they submit slides to pathologists for additional examination and provide clinical data to assist in pathology report preparation. They also maintain laboratory equipment, ensure compliance with safety standards, and may assist physicians during fine needle aspiration biopsies to collect samples.

WHO THRIVES:
This role attracts individuals with strong investigative and realistic interests who enjoy detailed scientific analysis and have excellent near vision capabilities. Successful cytotechnologists possess exceptional attention to detail and dependability, as their accuracy directly impacts patient diagnoses and treatment decisions. They excel at pattern recognition and have the patience for prolonged microscopic examination work that requires sustained concentration. The role suits those who prefer working independently in laboratory settings while maintaining critical communication with medical teams, and who find satisfaction in contributing to cancer detection and patient care through meticulous scientific observation.

CAREER ENTRY:
Entry requires extensive preparation with 50% of professionals holding bachelor's degrees and 36.4% completing post-baccalaureate certificates in cytotechnology. Most programs include coursework in biology, chemistry, and medical laboratory sciences, followed by specialized cytotechnology training that covers microscopic examination techniques, cellular pathology, and laboratory protocols. Clinical training in hospital or laboratory settings is typically required, along with certification from the American Society for Clinical Pathology or similar credentialing body.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Cytotechnologists can advance to supervisory roles as cytology coordinators or technical specialists, overseeing laboratory operations and training new technologists. Career progression may lead to positions as cytology applications specialists or pathology assistants with additional education. Some professionals pursue advanced degrees to become cytopathologists or transition into research roles with pharmaceutical companies or academic medical centers, while others may specialize in emerging areas like molecular cytology or telepathology.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
According to BLS OEWS May 2025 data, medical and clinical laboratory technologists (the broader category including cytotechnologists) earn a median annual wage of $60,780, with the highest 10% earning over $85,700. Employment in medical laboratory professions is projected to grow faster than average due to aging population and increased cancer screening initiatives. Geographic concentration is highest in metropolitan areas with major medical centers and cancer treatment facilities, particularly in states with large healthcare systems. The specialized nature of cytotechnology creates strong job security, though positions may be limited by the concentration of work in hospital laboratories and specialized cytology centers.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
Automation poses moderate risk to routine aspects of cytotechnology, particularly in specimen preparation and initial screening processes where digital imaging and AI-assisted analysis systems are emerging. However, the critical thinking required for identifying subtle cellular abnormalities, evaluating specimen quality, and making complex diagnostic distinctions will likely remain human-dependent for the foreseeable future. The profession may evolve toward higher-level analytical roles as technology handles routine screening, potentially increasing the value of experienced cytotechnologists in complex case analysis.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [skill_overlap] Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists (29-2011.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Cytotechnologists are a specialized subset of medical laboratory technologists, sharing core laboratory skills, biological knowledge, and analytical abilities with nearly identical skill profiles.
    data: Primary-Short relationship
    data: Biology knowledge 4.6 level
    data: Critical thinking 3.9 importance
    data: Laboratory work activities
  [knowledge_overlap] Cytogenetic Technologists (29-2011.01) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles require advanced biology knowledge and microscopic analysis skills, with cytogenetic technologists focusing on chromosomal analysis while cytotechnologists examine cellular morphology.
    data: Primary-Short relationship
    data: Biology knowledge emphasis
    data: Microscopic examination abilities
    data: Near vision 4.6 level requirement
  [career_pathway] Physicians, Pathologists (29-1222.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Cytotechnologists frequently submit abnormal findings to pathologists and may pursue advanced education to become pathologists, representing a clear career advancement path.
    data: Primary-Short relationship
    data: Submit slides to pathologists task
    data: Advanced degree progression potential
    data: Job Zone 5 extensive preparation
  [task_similarity] Histotechnologists (29-2011.04) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles involve specimen preparation, microscopic analysis, and laboratory documentation, with histotechnologists focusing on tissue samples while cytotechnologists examine individual cells.
    data: Primary-Short relationship
    data: Specimen preparation tasks
    data: Microscopic examination
    data: Laboratory documentation activities
  [riasec_cluster] Microbiologists (19-1022.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both roles share strong investigative interests in biological analysis and laboratory research, requiring similar analytical thinking and attention to detail in microscopic examination work.
    data: Primary-Long relationship
    data: Investigative RIASEC code 6.06
    data: Biology knowledge emphasis
    data: Laboratory analysis focus

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['cytotechnologist', 'cytology', 'cell analysis', 'microscopic examination', 'pap smear', 'cellular pathology', 'cancer screening', 'cytopathology']
  exclude_keywords : ['histology', 'tissue analysis', 'cytogenetics', 'chromosome analysis', 'molecular pathology']
  title_patterns   : ['cytotechnologist', 'cytology technician', 'cytology specialist', 'cellular analyst', 'cytopathology tech']
  common_variations: ['certified cytotechnologist', 'cytologist', 'cytology coordinator', 'cytology technical specialist', 'cytopathology technologist', 'cellular technologist', 'cytological analyst', 'cytoscreener']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['tendency', 'others', 'equipment', 'laboratory', 'medical', 'principles', 'cell', 'specimens', 'detect', 'body', 'standards', 'techniques', 'includes', 'control', 'activities', 'problems', 'objects', 'cytotechnologists', 'quality', 'ideas']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
tendency                   42  0.01399  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
others                     39  0.01299  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:97%  inference:3%
equipment                  28  0.00932  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:82%  dwas:11%  onet_tasks:4%
laboratory                 20  0.00666  inference            inference:45%  dwas:30%  onet_tasks:25%
medical                    19  0.00633  dwas                 dwas:42%  inference:37%  wikipedia:16%
principles                 16  0.00533  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
cell                       15  0.00500  wikipedia            wikipedia:47%  onet_tasks:33%  inference:20%
specimens                  15  0.00500  dwas                 dwas:40%  onet_tasks:27%  inference:20%
detect                     14  0.00466  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:29%  onet_tasks:21%  dwas:21%
body                       14  0.00466  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:71%  inference:14%  onet_tasks:7%
standards                  13  0.00433  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:62%  wikipedia:15%  onet_tasks:8%
techniques                 13  0.00433  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:77%  inference:15%  onet_tasks:8%
includes                   13  0.00433  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:92%  wikipedia:8%
control                    13  0.00433  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:92%  wikipedia:8%
activities                 12  0.00400  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:75%  dwas:17%  onet_tasks:8%
problems                   12  0.00400  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:75%  dwas:25%
objects                    12  0.00400  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
cytotechnologists          12  0.00400  wikipedia            wikipedia:58%  inference:42%
quality                    11  0.00366  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:55%  wikipedia:18%  inference:18%
ideas                      11  0.00366  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
cytotechnology             11  0.00366  wikipedia            wikipedia:55%  inference:45%
pathology                  10  0.00333  wikipedia            wikipedia:50%  inference:40%  onet_tasks:10%
materials                  10  0.00333  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
analysis                   10  0.00333  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:40%  inference:40%  dwas:20%
identifying                10  0.00333  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:80%  inference:20%
abnormalities               9  0.00300  inference            inference:44%  dwas:33%  onet_tasks:11%
examination                 9  0.00300  wikipedia            wikipedia:56%  inference:33%  onet_tasks:11%
operations                  9  0.00300  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  onet_tasks:11%  dwas:11%
resources                   9  0.00300  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
quickly                     9  0.00300  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
orientation                 9  0.00300  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
cancer                      9  0.00300  inference            inference:78%  wikipedia:22%
cytotechnologist            9  0.00300  wikipedia            wikipedia:89%  inference:11%
society                     9  0.00300  wikipedia            wikipedia:89%  inference:11%
samples                     8  0.00266  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:50%  inference:38%  wikipedia:12%
structures                  8  0.00266  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:62%  inference:25%  onet_tasks:12%
specimen                    8  0.00266  inference            inference:62%  onet_tasks:25%  wikipedia:12%
microscopic                 8  0.00266  inference            inference:62%  wikipedia:25%  onet_tasks:12%
cells                       8  0.00266  wikipedia            wikipedia:50%  inference:25%  onet_tasks:12%
performance                 8  0.00266  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:88%  onet_tasks:12%