[Core] [20% incumbents] Conduct tonometry or tonography tests to measure intraocular pressure.
  DWAs: Test patient vision.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Take and document patients' medical histories.
  DWAs: Collect medical information from patients, family members, or other medical professionals. | Record patient medical histories.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Take anatomical or functional ocular measurements, such as axial length measurements, of the eye or surrounding tissue.
  DWAs: Measure the physical or physiological attributes of patients.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Measure visual acuity, including near, distance, pinhole, or dynamic visual acuity, using appropriate tests.
  DWAs: Test patient vision.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Administer topical ophthalmic or oral medications.
  DWAs: Administer non-intravenous medications.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Measure and record lens power, using lensometers.
  DWAs: Operate diagnostic or therapeutic medical instruments or equipment. | Record patient medical histories.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Calculate corrections for refractive errors.
  DWAs: Calculate numerical data for medical activities.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Collect ophthalmic measurements or other diagnostic information, using ultrasound equipment, such as A-scan ultrasound biometry or B-scan ultrasonography equipment.
  DWAs: Test patient vision. | Operate diagnostic imaging equipment.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Perform ophthalmic triage, in the office or by phone, to assess severity of patients' conditions.
  DWAs: Diagnose medical conditions.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Clean or sterilize ophthalmic or surgical instruments.
  DWAs: Sterilize medical equipment or instruments. | Clean medical equipment or facilities.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Educate patients on ophthalmic medical procedures, conditions of the eye, and appropriate use of medications.
  DWAs: Communicate detailed medical information to patients or family members.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Conduct ocular motility tests to measure function of eye muscles.
  DWAs: Test patient vision.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Assess refractive condition of eyes, using retinoscope.
  DWAs: Test patient vision. | Operate diagnostic or therapeutic medical instruments or equipment.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Conduct visual field tests to measure field of vision.
  DWAs: Test patient vision.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Measure corneal thickness, using pachymeter or contact ultrasound methods.
  DWAs: Measure the physical or physiological attributes of patients.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Measure corneal curvature with keratometers or ophthalmometers to aid in the diagnosis of conditions, such as astigmatism.
  DWAs: Measure the physical or physiological attributes of patients.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Supervise or instruct ophthalmic staff.
  DWAs: Train medical providers. | Supervise medical support personnel.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Measure the thickness of the retinal nerve, using scanning laser polarimetry techniques to aid in diagnosis of glaucoma.
  DWAs: Measure the physical or physiological attributes of patients.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Assist physicians in performing ophthalmic procedures, including surgery.
  DWAs: Assist healthcare practitioners during surgery.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Perform fluorescein angiography of the eye.
  DWAs: Test patient vision.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Photograph patients' eye areas, using clinical photography techniques, to document retinal or corneal defects.
  DWAs: Operate diagnostic imaging equipment.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Maintain ophthalmic instruments or equipment.
  DWAs: Maintain medical equipment or instruments.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Conduct tests, such as the Amsler Grid test, to measure central visual field used in the early diagnosis of macular degeneration, glaucoma, or diseases of the eye.
  DWAs: Test patient vision.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Conduct binocular disparity tests to assess depth perception.
  DWAs: Test patient vision.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Assess abnormalities of color vision, such as amblyopia.
  DWAs: Test patient vision.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Call patients to inquire about their post-operative status or recovery.
  DWAs: Monitor patients following surgeries or other treatments.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Instruct patients in the care and use of contact lenses.
  DWAs: Instruct patients in the use of assistive equipment.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Conduct low vision blindness tests.
  DWAs: Test patient vision.

[Core] [20% incumbents] Perform advanced ophthalmic procedures, including electrophysiological, electrophysical, or microbial procedures.
  DWAs: Assist healthcare practitioners during examinations or treatments. | Treat acute illnesses, infections, or injuries.

[Supplemental] [20% incumbents] Perform slit lamp biomicroscopy procedures to diagnose disorders of the eye, such as retinitis, presbyopia, cataracts, or retinal detachment.
  DWAs: Test patient vision.

[Supplemental] [19% incumbents] Create three-dimensional images of the eye, using computed tomography (CT).
  DWAs: Create advanced digital images of patients using computer imaging systems. | Operate diagnostic imaging equipment.

--- SKILLS ---
  Active Listening (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Speaking (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Critical Thinking (imp:3.25 lvl:3.62) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Reading Comprehension (imp:3.12 lvl:3.88) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Writing (imp:3.12 lvl:3.50) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Active Learning (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Learning Strategies (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Monitoring (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Mathematics (imp:2.62 lvl:2.62) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Science (imp:2.25 lvl:2.75) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:4.50 lvl:5.20) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:4.10 lvl:3.80) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  English Language (imp:4.00 lvl:3.75) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Education and Training (imp:3.35 lvl:3.90) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Mathematics (imp:3.15 lvl:3.25) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Administrative (imp:3.05 lvl:4.05) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Administration and Management (imp:2.95 lvl:2.68) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Computers and Electronics (imp:2.90 lvl:3.25) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Biology (imp:2.90 lvl:3.00) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Public Safety and Security (imp:2.85 lvl:2.35) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Psychology (imp:2.80 lvl:3.32) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:2.50 lvl:2.65) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Communications and Media (imp:2.45 lvl:2.10) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Chemistry (imp:2.25 lvl:2.80) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Mechanical (imp:2.20 lvl:2.30) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Telecommunications (imp:2.15 lvl:1.05) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.90 lvl:1.80) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Law and Government (imp:1.85 lvl:1.55) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Physics (imp:1.80 lvl:1.40) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Economics and Accounting (imp:1.70 lvl:1.10) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:1.70 lvl:1.35) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Foreign Language (imp:1.60 lvl:0.80) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Production and Processing (imp:1.45 lvl:0.90) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Engineering and Technology (imp:1.45 lvl:0.70) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Transportation (imp:1.35 lvl:0.45) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Sales and Marketing (imp:1.30 lvl:0.50) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.25 lvl:0.70) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Design (imp:1.10 lvl:0.40) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Geography (imp:1.10 lvl:0.20) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Food Production (imp:1.00) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
  Building and Construction (imp:1.00) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Fine Arts (imp:1.00) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
  History and Archeology (imp:1.00) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi

--- ABILITIES ---
  Oral Expression (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Near Vision (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Oral Comprehension (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.75 lvl:3.62) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.75 lvl:3.38) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Written Comprehension (imp:3.62 lvl:3.75) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Written Expression (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:3.25 lvl:3.75) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Selective Attention (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Finger Dexterity (imp:3.12 lvl:2.88) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Information Ordering (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Perceptual Speed (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:3.00 lvl:3.38) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Far Vision (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Control Precision (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:2.88 lvl:3.12) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Manual Dexterity (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Number Facility (imp:2.62 lvl:2.50) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Memorization (imp:2.62 lvl:2.12) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Visualization (imp:2.50 lvl:2.62) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Trunk Strength (imp:2.38 lvl:2.25) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Originality (imp:2.25 lvl:2.75) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.25 lvl:2.38) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Time Sharing (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:2.00 lvl:2.12) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Rate Control (imp:2.00 lvl:1.12) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Reaction Time (imp:2.00 lvl:1.12) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Static Strength (imp:2.00 lvl:1.25) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Dynamic Strength (imp:2.00 lvl:1.12) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Stamina (imp:2.00 lvl:1.38) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Extent Flexibility (imp:2.00 lvl:1.62) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Depth Perception (imp:2.00 lvl:1.62) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:1.88 lvl:1.00) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:1.88 lvl:1.00) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Response Orientation (imp:1.75 lvl:1.00) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.62 lvl:0.62) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.25 lvl:0.38) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Spatial Orientation (imp:1.00) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo
  Night Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Sound Localization (imp:1.00) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:4.60 lvl:4.15) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Getting Information (imp:4.55 lvl:4.35) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:4.42 lvl:4.84) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:4.15 lvl:4.40) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Working with Computers (imp:4.10 lvl:3.10) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:4.10 lvl:4.40) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:4.05 lvl:4.60) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:4.00 lvl:4.65) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:3.85 lvl:4.00) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:3.65 lvl:4.00) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:3.65 lvl:4.10) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:3.50 lvl:4.30) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:3.45 lvl:3.70) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:3.32 lvl:3.95) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Processing Information (imp:3.30 lvl:3.35) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:3.30 lvl:3.45) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:3.25 lvl:3.50) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:3.25 lvl:4.15) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:3.20 lvl:3.30) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:3.20 lvl:3.50) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:3.20 lvl:3.55) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:3.15 lvl:3.25) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:3.10 lvl:3.35) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:3.06 lvl:3.21) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:3.00 lvl:2.85) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:2.75 lvl:2.90) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:2.74 lvl:2.30) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:2.65 lvl:2.75) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:2.65 lvl:2.85) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:2.63 lvl:2.58) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:2.63 lvl:2.65) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:2.58 lvl:3.21) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:2.40 lvl:2.70) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:2.35 lvl:2.15) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:2.30 lvl:1.80) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Thinking Creatively (imp:2.25 lvl:2.20) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:2.25 lvl:2.25) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:1.85 lvl:1.45) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:1.85 lvl:1.35) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:1.53 lvl:0.79) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:1.20 lvl:0.40) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Attention to Detail (imp:3.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Dependability (imp:3.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Dependability (imp:2.47) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Cautiousness (imp:2.28) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Cooperation (imp:1.92) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Social Orientation (imp:1.83) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Empathy (imp:1.80) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Stress Tolerance (imp:1.73) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control (imp:1.66) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Sincerity (imp:1.60) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Integrity (imp:1.54) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Perseverance (imp:1.46) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:1.35) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Optimism (imp:1.32) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Initiative (imp:1.26) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Self-Confidence (imp:1.18) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Adaptability (imp:1.14) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Leadership Orientation (imp:1.03) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Cautiousness (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Humility (imp:0.90) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Achievement Orientation (imp:0.82) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Innovation (imp:0.72) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:0.64) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Achievement Orientation () — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Intellectual Curiosity () — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Integrity () — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:3.62 lvl:3.25) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Service Orientation (imp:3.38 lvl:3.12) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Coordination (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Instructing (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Time Management (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:2.88 lvl:2.62) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Persuasion (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Operations Monitoring (imp:2.62 lvl:2.25) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Negotiation (imp:2.38 lvl:2.12) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Systems Analysis (imp:2.38 lvl:2.38) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Systems Evaluation (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Operation and Control (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Troubleshooting (imp:2.00 lvl:1.50) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Equipment Selection (imp:1.62 lvl:1.25) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Programming (imp:1.62 lvl:0.88) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Technology Design (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.38 lvl:0.75) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Repairing (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
  Management of Material Resources (imp:1.38 lvl:0.75) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Operations Analysis (imp:1.12 lvl:0.25) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 182,610
  annual_median    : $50,290
  annual_pct10     : $38,180
  annual_pct25     : $44,170
  annual_pct75     : $64,340
  annual_pct90     : $85,270
  annual_mean      : $58,710
  hourly_median    : $24.18

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : Wyoming ($80,520)
  lowest_state     : Puerto Rico ($35,330)
  dispersion_ratio : 2.279x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (53 total) ---
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:  163,270  median: $  49,530
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:    5,190  median: $  72,780
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:    4,190  median: $  50,820
  Educational Services                     emp:    3,120  median: $  63,720
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:    2,310  median: $  51,070
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:    1,360  median: $  77,640
  Finance and Insurance                    emp:    1,180  median: $  59,130
  Retail Trade                             emp:    1,060  median: $  49,450
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:      590  median: $  59,390
  Real Estate and Rental and Leasing       emp:      130  median: $  45,310

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (12 total) ---
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:  163,270  median: $  49,530
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:    5,190  median: $  72,780
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:    4,190  median: $  50,820
  Educational Services                     emp:    3,120  median: $  63,720
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:    2,310  median: $  51,070
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:    1,360  median: $  77,640
  Finance and Insurance                    emp:    1,180  median: $  59,130
  Retail Trade                             emp:    1,060  median: $  49,450
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:      590  median: $  59,390
  Real Estate and Rental and Leasing       emp:      130  median: $  45,310

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Ophthalmic technician
match_score        : 0.6415
wikidata_qid       : Q69948680
word_count         : 744
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmic_technician
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T21:49:16.680342Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
An ophthalmic technician is a health professional that performs ophthalmic screening and testing in order to provide the ophthalmologist with information needed to  diagnose diseases and administer treatments in caring for patients' eyes and eyesight. They are considered to be an intermediate level of ophthalmic medical personnel since they are more advanced than ophthalmic assistants, yet not as advanced as an ophthalmic medical technologist. Ophthalmic technicians work in settings like private practices, hospitals, outpatient care centers, and surgical centers.


== Job description ==
An ophthalmic technician plays an important role in patient care. Patients see an ophthalmic technician to have the initial portion of their eye examination completed. During the initial assessment the ophthalmic technician takes the patient's history, assesses visual acuity, tests confrontational visual fields, evaluates pupils and ocular muscles, measures intraocular pressure and performs refractometry. They also provide patients with explanations of procedures and answer any questions the patient may have. However, there are many other job duties outside of patient care that an ophthalmic technician must be able to perform. This requires them to be well versed in a number of areas. The more technical aspect of the job includes conducting measurements, such as taking A-scans, as well as, conducting brightness acuity tests and contrast sensitivity tests. They provide assistance during surgeries through the sterilization of instruments, preparation of exam rooms, and disposal of biohazards. An ophthalmic technician also performs administrative tasks like ordering inventory and calibrating equipment. The technical aspect of this job plays a huge role in the quality of patient care, which is why they need to be well trained.


== Education ==
There are a two different pathways to becoming an Ophthalmic Technician. Each of these paths first require a high school diploma or GED.
One way to become an ophthalmic technician is by entering the field as a certified ophthalmic assistant (COA). To become a COA, one must complete an accredited training program or an independent study course. After getting certified, a minimum of 2,000 hours (one year full time) as a COA is required under the supervision of an ophthalmologist. These hours must be completed within two years  of submitting the application to become an ophthalmic technician. Twelve JCAHPO Group A credits must be earned within one year of applying for certification. In the process of earning certified ophthalmic technician certification, the applicant must maintain certification as a COA. An application must then be completed to take the exam. This application requires the signature of an ophthalmologist to verify that the applicant meets the requirements. The exam consists of a written portion and a skill evaluation. The written exam is all multiple choice and must be passed before moving on to the skill evaluation. Both portions of the exam must be passed to become a certified ophthalmic technician.
The other path to becoming an ophthalmic technician is through schooling. Many programs  offer an Ophthalmic Medical Technician associate degree. These programs are typically two years long. Some of the coursework for these programs include ocular anatomy and physiology, ophthalmic optics, ocular motility, and diseases of the eye. These programs aim to help students develop the personal traits and professional skills needed to perform as a competent ophthalmic technician. Going to school eliminates the need to work as an ophthalmic assistant for one year. The ophthalmic medical technician training program prepares students to take the exam to become a certified ophthalmic technician.


== Certification ==
The majority of employers require their ophthalmic technicians to be certified in order to practice professionally. There are three core levels of certification offered by the Joint Commission on Allied Health Personnel in Ophthalmology (JCAHPO).

Certified Ophthalmic Assistant (COA) - entry level
Certified Ophthalmic Technician (COT) - intermediate level
Certified Ophthalmic Medical Technologist (COMT) - advanced level
Each of these levels has prerequisite requirements and an examination process. An allied ophthalmic personnel can make their way through the levels by working the required number of hours at one level and then taking the examination to move on to the next level. For each of these levels, recertification is required every three years. Recertification can be achieved by either completing the necessary number of continuing education credits or  taking the written certifying exam again.
A study comparing certified with non-certified ophthalmic medical personnel on practice quality and productivity supports the advantage of certification. It was concluded that certified ophthalmic personnel significantly increase the productivity and quality of an ophthalmic practice.


== References ==

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Ophthalmology (similarity: 0.5333)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmology
  QID: Q161437
  Extract: Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and surgery of eye diseases and disorders.

  Title: Medical assistant (similarity: 0.4490)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_assistant
  QID: Q14970638
  Extract: A medical assistant, also known as a "clinical assistant" or healthcare assistant in the US, is an allied health professional who supports the work of physicians, nurse practitioners, physician assistants and other health professionals, usually in a clinic setting. Medical assistants can
become cert

  Title: National Commission for Allied and Healthcare Professions (similarity: 0.2247)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Commission_for_Allied_and_Healthcare_Professions
  QID: Q106570666
  Extract: The National Commission for Allied and Healthcare Professions (NCAHP) is the Indian regulatory body for allied and healthcare professionals (A&HP). It covers all Allied health professionals and healthcare professionals who were not covered under National Medical Commission, Dental Council of India, 

  Title: Clinical physiology (similarity: 0.4706)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_physiology
  QID: Q10546286
  Extract: Clinical physiology is an academic discipline within the medical sciences and a clinical medical specialty for physicians in the health care systems of Sweden, Denmark, Portugal and Finland. Clinical physiology is characterized as a branch of physiology that uses a functional approach to understand 

  Title: Joint Commission on Allied Health Personnel in Ophthalmology (similarity: 0.2609)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Commission_on_Allied_Health_Personnel_in_Ophthalmology
  QID: Q6269134
  Extract: The International Joint Commission on Allied Health Personnel in Ophthalmology (IJCAHPO) is an American nonprofit professional association for Allied Ophthalmic Personnel (AOP).

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong confidence based on comprehensive O*NET data, clear Wikipedia validation, detailed task descriptions, and robust wage/employment statistics from BLS OEWS May 2025.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T19:57:01.349693+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,835
tokens_output        : 4,507
cost_usd             : $0.050287
wikipedia_used       : True
wikipedia_title      : Ophthalmic technician
wikipedia_note       : Wikipedia confirms ophthalmic technicians are intermediate-level ophthalmic medical personnel who perform screening and testing to support ophthalmologists in diagnosis and treatment. The exact match validates the role's positioning between ophthalmic assistants and more advanced practitioners.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Ophthalmic Medical Technologists are specialized healthcare professionals who assist ophthalmologists by performing advanced diagnostic procedures, ophthalmic photography, and clinical testing to evaluate eye health and vision. They conduct complex measurements like tonometry for glaucoma detection, visual field testing, and ultrasound imaging of the eye, requiring both technical expertise and direct patient care skills. These technologists represent an intermediate level of ophthalmic personnel, more advanced than assistants but working under physician supervision to support comprehensive eye care delivery.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
The workday begins with reviewing patient schedules and preparing diagnostic equipment for various ophthalmic procedures. Throughout the day, they conduct tonometry tests to measure intraocular pressure for glaucoma screening, perform visual acuity measurements using specialized charts and equipment, and take anatomical measurements of the eye using ultrasound devices. They document patient medical histories, administer topical eye medications as prescribed, and perform ophthalmic triage to assess the severity of patient conditions either in person or by phone. Between patients, they clean and sterilize instruments, calculate corrections for refractive errors using lensometers, and maintain detailed electronic health records. The role involves significant direct patient interaction, requiring clear communication about procedures and patient education about eye care.

WHO THRIVES:
Individuals who excel in this role typically possess strong attention to detail and visual acuity, as precise measurements and observations are critical for accurate diagnostic results. They demonstrate excellent interpersonal skills and patience, as working with patients experiencing vision problems requires empathy and clear communication abilities. The role attracts people who enjoy technical work with sophisticated medical equipment while maintaining human connection through direct patient care. Successful technologists exhibit reliability and dependability, as physicians rely on their accurate data collection for treatment decisions, and they must work well under supervision while maintaining professional autonomy in their specialized tasks.

CAREER ENTRY:
Entry into this field typically requires completion of a post-secondary certificate program in ophthalmic medical technology, though some positions accept high school graduates with extensive on-the-job training. Many employers prefer candidates with formal training from programs accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs, which typically take 12-24 months to complete. Professional certification through the Joint Commission on Allied Health Personnel in Ophthalmology (JCAHPO) as a Certified Ophthalmic Medical Technologist (COMT) significantly enhances employment prospects. Prior experience in healthcare settings or customer service provides valuable foundational skills for patient interaction and medical terminology.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Career advancement often leads to specialized roles such as certified retinal angiographers, ophthalmic sonographers, or surgical coordinators within ophthalmology practices. Experienced technologists may progress to supervisory positions, training new staff members, or pursue advanced certifications in subspecialty areas like corneal imaging or pediatric ophthalmology. Some professionals transition into related healthcare roles such as surgical technologists, diagnostic medical sonographers, or advance into administrative roles within ophthalmology practices. The specialized skills developed in this role provide a strong foundation for pursuing additional education in nursing, optometry, or other advanced healthcare professions.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
According to BLS OEWS May 2025 data, Ophthalmic Medical Technologists earn a median annual salary of $50,290, with the 10th percentile earning $38,180 and the 90th percentile reaching $85,270. The field employs 182,610 professionals nationwide, primarily concentrated in healthcare and social assistance sectors (163,270 positions), with significant geographic wage variation ranging from $35,330 in Puerto Rico to $80,520 in Wyoming. Employment demand is driven by an aging population requiring increased eye care services, technological advances in diagnostic equipment, and the growing prevalence of diabetes-related eye conditions. The role offers stable employment prospects within the expanding healthcare sector, with opportunities available in private ophthalmology practices, hospitals, and outpatient surgical centers across diverse geographic markets.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
The role demonstrates moderate resilience to automation due to the high importance of direct patient interaction, manual dexterity for equipment operation, and clinical judgment required for ophthalmic triage. While some diagnostic equipment continues to become more automated, the need for human oversight, patient communication, and complex problem-solving in clinical settings preserves essential job functions. The emphasis on establishing interpersonal relationships and providing personalized patient care creates natural barriers to full automation replacement.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [career_pathway] Ophthalmic Medical Technicians (29-2057.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Represents the entry-level position with similar core knowledge in medicine/dentistry and customer service but lower complexity.
    data: Both require Customer and Personal Service knowledge
    data: Technologists perform more complex measurements and supervision tasks
    data: Natural advancement pathway within ophthalmic care
  [skill_overlap] Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians (29-2031.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Shares high importance of diagnostic equipment operation and patient documentation in specialized medical technology roles.
    data: Both require documenting/recording information (4.6 importance)
    data: Similar equipment operation and patient care duties
    data: Comparable job zone complexity
  [task_similarity] Radiologic Technologists and Technicians (29-2034.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles involve operating diagnostic imaging equipment and require precise measurement skills for accurate medical assessments.
    data: Both operate diagnostic imaging equipment
    data: Similar importance of near vision abilities (4.0)
    data: Comparable technical measurement requirements
  [knowledge_overlap] Diagnostic Medical Sonographers (29-2032.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Strong overlap in ultrasound equipment operation and anatomical measurement capabilities within medical diagnostics.
    data: Both use ultrasound equipment for diagnostic imaging
    data: Similar medicine and dentistry knowledge requirements
    data: Comparable patient care and measurement tasks
  [transferable_skill] Medical Assistants (31-9092.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Shares core transferable skills in social perceptiveness and service orientation for patient interaction roles.
    data: Both require social perceptiveness (3.6 importance)
    data: Similar service orientation demands
    data: Comparable patient documentation responsibilities

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['ophthalmic technologist', 'certified ophthalmic medical technologist', 'COMT', 'ophthalmic medical tech', 'eye care technologist', 'vision technologist', 'ocular technologist', 'ophthalmic diagnostician']
  exclude_keywords : ['optometrist', 'ophthalmologist', 'ophthalmic assistant', 'vision therapist', 'optical technician']
  title_patterns   : ['*ophthalmic*technologist*', 'certified ophthalmic*', '*eye care*technologist*', '*vision*technologist*', '*ocular*technologist*']
  common_variations: ['Ophthalmic Medical Technologist', 'Certified Ophthalmic Medical Technologist', 'COMT', 'Ophthalmic Tech', 'Eye Care Technologist', 'Vision Technologist', 'Ocular Care Technologist', 'Ophthalmic Diagnostic Technologist']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['ophthalmic', 'equipment', 'tendency', 'medical', 'others', 'patient', 'patients', 'vision', 'eye', 'procedures', 'technician', 'principles', 'personnel', 'certified', 'measure', 'care', 'test', 'includes', 'tests', 'visual']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
ophthalmic                 55  0.01671  wikipedia            wikipedia:60%  inference:24%  onet_tasks:16%
equipment                  42  0.01276  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:55%  dwas:21%  inference:14%
tendency                   42  0.01276  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
medical                    39  0.01185  dwas                 dwas:36%  wikipedia:33%  inference:23%
others                     38  0.01154  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
patient                    30  0.00911  dwas                 dwas:47%  inference:37%  wikipedia:17%
patients                   21  0.00638  dwas                 dwas:43%  onet_tasks:29%  wikipedia:14%
vision                     21  0.00638  dwas                 dwas:57%  onet_dimensions:19%  onet_tasks:14%
eye                        19  0.00577  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:42%  inference:42%  wikipedia:16%
procedures                 18  0.00547  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:44%  onet_tasks:28%  inference:17%
technician                 17  0.00516  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
principles                 16  0.00486  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
personnel                  15  0.00456  wikipedia            wikipedia:47%  onet_dimensions:27%  inference:20%
certified                  15  0.00456  wikipedia            wikipedia:87%  inference:13%
measure                    14  0.00425  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:64%  dwas:29%  inference:7%
care                       14  0.00425  inference            inference:43%  wikipedia:36%  onet_dimensions:14%
test                       13  0.00395  dwas                 dwas:92%  onet_tasks:8%
includes                   13  0.00395  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:92%  wikipedia:8%
tests                      12  0.00364  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:58%  wikipedia:25%  onet_dimensions:8%
visual                     12  0.00364  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:33%  onet_dimensions:25%  inference:25%
diagnostic                 12  0.00364  inference            inference:50%  dwas:42%  onet_tasks:8%
techniques                 12  0.00364  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:83%  onet_tasks:17%
health                     12  0.00364  wikipedia            wikipedia:58%  inference:33%  onet_dimensions:8%
control                    12  0.00364  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
objects                    12  0.00364  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
healthcare                 12  0.00364  inference            inference:50%  wikipedia:33%  dwas:17%
ideas                      11  0.00334  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
body                       11  0.00334  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:91%  wikipedia:9%
performing                 10  0.00304  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:80%  onet_tasks:10%  inference:10%
advanced                   10  0.00304  inference            inference:50%  wikipedia:30%  onet_tasks:10%
problems                   10  0.00304  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:90%  inference:10%
physical                   10  0.00304  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:60%  dwas:40%
materials                  10  0.00304  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
activities                 10  0.00304  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:90%  dwas:10%
programs                   10  0.00304  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:40%  wikipedia:40%  inference:20%
allied                     10  0.00304  wikipedia            wikipedia:80%  inference:20%
written                     9  0.00273  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  wikipedia:33%
quality                     9  0.00273  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  wikipedia:33%
needed                      9  0.00273  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:78%  wikipedia:22%
human                       9  0.00273  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:78%  inference:22%