[Core] [22% incumbents] Dispose of contaminated sharps, in accordance with applicable laws, standards, and policies.
  DWAs: Dispose of biomedical waste in accordance with standards.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Organize or clean blood-drawing trays, ensuring that all instruments are sterile and all needles, syringes, or related items are of first-time use.
  DWAs: Clean medical equipment. | Prepare medical instruments or equipment for use.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Draw blood from veins by vacuum tube, syringe, or butterfly venipuncture methods.
  DWAs: Collect biological specimens from patients.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Match laboratory requisition forms to specimen tubes.
  DWAs: Prepare biological specimens for laboratory analysis. | Prepare biological samples for testing or analysis.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Dispose of blood or other biohazard fluids or tissue, in accordance with applicable laws, standards, or policies.
  DWAs: Dispose of biomedical waste in accordance with standards.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Collect specimens at specific time intervals for tests, such as those assessing therapeutic drug levels.
  DWAs: Collect biological specimens from patients.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Process blood or other fluid samples for further analysis by other medical professionals.
  DWAs: Prepare biological specimens for laboratory analysis. | Prepare biological samples for testing or analysis.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Enter patient, specimen, insurance, or billing information into computer.
  DWAs: Maintain medical records.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Document route of specimens from collection to laboratory analysis and diagnosis.
  DWAs: Compile data or documentation. | Prepare official health documents or records.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Draw blood from capillaries by dermal puncture, such as heel or finger stick methods.
  DWAs: Collect biological specimens from patients.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Conduct hemoglobin tests to ensure donor iron levels are normal.
  DWAs: Conduct diagnostic tests to determine patient health.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Transport specimens or fluid samples from collection sites to laboratories.
  DWAs: Transport biological or other medical materials.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Collect fluid or tissue samples, using appropriate collection procedures.
  DWAs: Collect biological specimens from patients.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Explain fluid or tissue collection procedures to patients.
  DWAs: Explain technical medical information to patients.

[Core] [22% incumbents] Train other medical personnel in phlebotomy or laboratory techniques.
  DWAs: Teach medical procedures to healthcare personnel.

[Supplemental] [22% incumbents] Administer subcutaneous or intramuscular injects, in accordance with licensing restrictions.
  DWAs: Give medications or immunizations.

[Supplemental] [22% incumbents] Draw blood from arteries, using arterial collection techniques.
  DWAs: Collect biological specimens from patients.

[Supplemental] [22% incumbents] Monitor blood or plasma donors during and after procedures to ensure health, safety, and comfort.
  DWAs: Monitor patients to detect health problems.

[Supplemental] [22% incumbents] Calibrate or maintain machines, such as those used for plasma collection.
  DWAs: Maintain medical equipment or instruments.

[Supplemental] [22% incumbents] Serve refreshments to donors to ensure absorption of sugar into their systems.
  DWAs: Feed patients.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Conduct standards tests, such as blood alcohol, blood culture, oral glucose tolerance, glucose screening, blood smears, or peak and trough drug levels tests.
  DWAs: Conduct diagnostic tests to determine patient health.

[Core] [21% incumbents] Provide sample analysis results to physicians to assist diagnosis.
  DWAs: Inform medical professionals regarding patient conditions and care. | Communicate test or assessment results to medical professionals.

[Supplemental] [21% incumbents] Determine donor suitability, according to interview results, vital signs, and medical history.
  DWAs: Collect medical information from patients, family members, or other medical professionals. | Evaluate characteristics of individuals to determine needs or eligibility.

[EMERGING:New] Confirm the identities of patients by verifying their personal information.

--- SKILLS ---
  Active Listening (imp:3.38 lvl:3.50) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Speaking (imp:3.38 lvl:3.75) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Critical Thinking (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Reading Comprehension (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Writing (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Monitoring (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Active Learning (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Learning Strategies (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Science (imp:2.38 lvl:2.12) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
  Mathematics (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — Using mathematics to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:4.57 lvl:5.52) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  English Language (imp:3.77 lvl:4.00) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Administrative (imp:3.43 lvl:3.91) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Education and Training (imp:3.41 lvl:3.64) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Psychology (imp:3.18 lvl:4.27) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Computers and Electronics (imp:3.14 lvl:3.86) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:3.09 lvl:3.05) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Administration and Management (imp:2.95 lvl:3.19) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Public Safety and Security (imp:2.95 lvl:2.86) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Biology (imp:2.90 lvl:2.95) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Production and Processing (imp:2.82 lvl:2.68) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:2.81 lvl:3.00) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Chemistry (imp:2.77 lvl:3.23) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Law and Government (imp:2.73 lvl:2.90) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:2.50 lvl:2.77) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Mathematics (imp:2.36 lvl:2.23) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Communications and Media (imp:2.36 lvl:2.00) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Telecommunications (imp:2.18 lvl:1.24) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Mechanical (imp:2.14 lvl:1.52) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Foreign Language (imp:2.14 lvl:1.77) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Economics and Accounting (imp:2.09 lvl:1.86) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:2.09 lvl:1.91) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Transportation (imp:2.09 lvl:1.36) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Design (imp:2.00 lvl:1.64) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Building and Construction (imp:2.00 lvl:1.64) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Engineering and Technology (imp:1.90 lvl:1.57) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Physics (imp:1.86 lvl:1.45) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Sales and Marketing (imp:1.82 lvl:1.68) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.73 lvl:1.55) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Food Production (imp:1.64 lvl:1.05) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
  Geography (imp:1.59 lvl:1.23) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Fine Arts (imp:1.55 lvl:0.76) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
  History and Archeology (imp:1.41 lvl:0.64) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi

--- ABILITIES ---
  Near Vision (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:3.75 lvl:3.88) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:3.62 lvl:3.12) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Oral Comprehension (imp:3.50 lvl:4.00) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Written Comprehension (imp:3.50 lvl:3.88) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Oral Expression (imp:3.50 lvl:4.00) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:3.38 lvl:3.25) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.38 lvl:3.00) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Information Ordering (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Finger Dexterity (imp:3.25 lvl:3.38) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.25 lvl:3.00) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Written Expression (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Perceptual Speed (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Selective Attention (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Manual Dexterity (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Far Vision (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:2.75 lvl:2.62) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:2.50 lvl:2.25) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Visualization (imp:2.50 lvl:2.62) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Time Sharing (imp:2.50 lvl:2.12) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Originality (imp:2.38 lvl:2.12) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:2.38 lvl:2.12) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Extent Flexibility (imp:2.38 lvl:2.25) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:2.25 lvl:2.00) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Memorization (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Control Precision (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Trunk Strength (imp:2.25 lvl:2.25) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Stamina (imp:2.25 lvl:1.75) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Number Facility (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Static Strength (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.12 lvl:2.25) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Dynamic Strength (imp:2.00 lvl:1.12) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Depth Perception (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Reaction Time (imp:1.88 lvl:1.50) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:1.88 lvl:1.00) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Response Orientation (imp:1.75 lvl:1.00) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Rate Control (imp:1.75 lvl:1.00) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.75 lvl:1.00) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.75 lvl:0.88) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:1.62 lvl:0.75) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Spatial Orientation (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo
  Night Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Sound Localization (imp:1.00) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:4.57 lvl:5.32) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Getting Information (imp:4.45 lvl:4.05) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Working with Computers (imp:4.41 lvl:4.14) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:4.41 lvl:4.64) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:4.32 lvl:5.05) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Processing Information (imp:4.27 lvl:5.36) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:4.23 lvl:4.68) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:4.18 lvl:4.50) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:4.18 lvl:4.59) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:4.14 lvl:5.05) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:4.09 lvl:4.91) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:4.09 lvl:4.86) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:4.05 lvl:4.36) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:3.91 lvl:4.65) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:3.86 lvl:3.77) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:3.82 lvl:4.86) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:3.77 lvl:3.95) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:3.73 lvl:4.18) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:3.73 lvl:4.05) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:3.73 lvl:3.81) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:3.73 lvl:4.23) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:3.64 lvl:3.59) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:3.64 lvl:3.82) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:3.64 lvl:3.86) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.59 lvl:3.68) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:3.38 lvl:4.10) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:3.36 lvl:3.95) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:3.32 lvl:3.50) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:3.27 lvl:3.32) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:3.00 lvl:3.14) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:3.00 lvl:3.14) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Thinking Creatively (imp:2.95 lvl:3.38) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:2.86 lvl:2.67) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:2.86 lvl:2.50) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:2.86 lvl:2.91) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:2.73 lvl:2.82) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:2.55 lvl:2.77) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:2.36 lvl:1.86) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:2.32 lvl:1.33) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:2.27 lvl:2.18) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:2.00 lvl:1.36) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Dependability (imp:4.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Attention to Detail (imp:3.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.77) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Dependability (imp:2.65) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Cautiousness (imp:2.32) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Integrity (imp:2.10) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Integrity (imp:2.00) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Stress Tolerance (imp:1.99) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Cooperation (imp:1.95) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Self-Control (imp:1.91) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Empathy (imp:1.83) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Sincerity (imp:1.55) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Social Orientation (imp:1.33) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Optimism (imp:1.29) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Perseverance (imp:1.26) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Humility (imp:1.03) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Cautiousness (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Self-Confidence (imp:0.94) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Achievement Orientation (imp:0.91) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Adaptability (imp:0.89) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Initiative (imp:0.53) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:0.22) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Achievement Orientation () — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Intellectual Curiosity () — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Leadership Orientation (imp:-0.22) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:-0.36) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Innovation (imp:-0.37) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Service Orientation (imp:3.62 lvl:3.25) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:3.50 lvl:3.25) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Coordination (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Instructing (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Time Management (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:2.88 lvl:2.25) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:2.88 lvl:2.62) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:2.62 lvl:2.38) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Persuasion (imp:2.50 lvl:2.50) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:2.50 lvl:2.38) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Operations Monitoring (imp:2.38 lvl:1.75) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Systems Analysis (imp:2.25 lvl:2.00) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Systems Evaluation (imp:2.25 lvl:1.88) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Negotiation (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Operation and Control (imp:2.00 lvl:1.25) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Troubleshooting (imp:2.00 lvl:1.62) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Management of Material Resources (imp:1.88 lvl:1.12) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Equipment Selection (imp:1.75 lvl:1.00) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:1.75 lvl:0.75) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Technology Design (imp:1.62 lvl:0.62) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Programming (imp:1.62 lvl:0.62) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.62 lvl:0.75) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Repairing (imp:1.50 lvl:0.62) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
  Operations Analysis (imp:1.25 lvl:0.25) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 143,540
  annual_median    : $45,230
  annual_pct10     : $35,780
  annual_pct25     : $38,190
  annual_pct75     : $48,930
  annual_pct90     : $58,780
  annual_mean      : $45,520
  hourly_median    : $21.75

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : California ($56,040)
  lowest_state     : Puerto Rico ($29,880)
  dispersion_ratio : 1.876x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (52 total) ---
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:  138,230  median: $  45,250
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:    2,240  median: $  46,310
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:      940  median: $  42,810
  Educational Services                     emp:      620  median: $  47,300
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:      450  median: $  45,120
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:      330  median: $  49,710
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:       80  median: $  45,830
  Retail Trade                             emp:       50  median: $  50,920

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (8 total) ---
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:  138,230  median: $  45,250
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:    2,240  median: $  46,310
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:      940  median: $  42,810
  Educational Services                     emp:      620  median: $  47,300
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:      450  median: $  45,120
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:      330  median: $  49,710
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:       80  median: $  45,830
  Retail Trade                             emp:       50  median: $  50,920

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Phlebotomy
match_score        : 0.7826
wikidata_qid       : Q3595842
word_count         : 794
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phlebotomy
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T21:54:53.910694Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
Phlebotomy is the process of making a puncture in a vein, usually in the arm or hand, with a cannula for the purpose of drawing blood. The procedure itself is known as a venipuncture, which is also used for intravenous therapy. A person who performs a phlebotomy is called a phlebotomist, although most doctors, nurses, and other technicians can also carry out a phlebotomy. In contrast, phlebectomy is the removal of a vein.
Phlebotomies that are carried out in the treatment of some blood disorders are known as therapeutic phlebotomies. The average volume of whole blood drawn in a therapeutic phlebotomy to an adult is 1 unit (450–500 ml) weekly to once every several months, as needed.


== Etymology ==
From Ancient Greek: φλεβοτομία (phlebotomia – phleb 'blood vessel, vein' + tomia 'cutting'), via Old French: flebothomie (modern French phlébotomie).


== Phlebotomies ==

Phlebotomies are carried out by phlebotomists – people trained to draw blood mostly from veins for clinical or medical testing, transfusions, donations, or research. Blood is collected primarily by performing venipunctures, or by using capillary blood sampling with fingersticks or a heel stick in infants for the collection of minute quantities of blood. The duties of a phlebotomist may include interpreting the tests requested, drawing blood into the correct tubes with the proper additives, accurately explaining the procedure to the person and preparing them accordingly, practicing the required forms of asepsis, practicing standard and universal precautions, restoring hemostasis of the puncture site, giving instructions on post-puncture care, affixing tubes with electronically printed labels, and delivering specimens to a laboratory. Some countries, states, or districts require that phlebotomists be licensed or registered.
A therapeutic phlebotomy may be carried out in the treatment of some blood disorders (examples: hemochromatosis, polycythemia vera, porphyria cutanea tarda), and chronic hives (in research).


=== Australia ===
In Australia, there are a number of courses in phlebotomy offered by educational institutions, but training is typically provided on the job. The minimum primary qualification for phlebotomists in Australia is a Certificate III in Pathology Collection (HLT37215) from an approved educational institution.


=== United Kingdom ===

In the UK no formal qualification or certification is required prior to becoming a phlebotomist as training is usually provided on the job. The NHS offers training with formal certification upon completion.


=== United States ===

Special state certification in the United States is required only in four states: California, Washington, Nevada, and Louisiana. A phlebotomist can become nationally certified through many different organizations. However, California currently only accepts national certificates from six agencies. These include the American Certification Agency (ACA), American Medical Technologists (AMT), American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP), National Center for Competency Testing/Multi-skilled Medical Certification Institute (NCCT/MMCI), National Credentialing Agency (NCA), and National Healthcareer Association (NHA). These and other agencies such as the American Society of Phlebotomy Technicians also certify phlebotomists outside the state of California. To qualify to sit for an examination, candidates must complete a full phlebotomy course and provide documentation of clinical or laboratory experience.


=== South Africa ===
In South Africa learnerships to qualify as a Phlebotomy Technician are offered by many public and private educational institutions as well as by private academies owned up by pathology laboratories (such as Ampath Laboratories, Lancet, PathCare) and healthcare service providers (such as Netcare, South African National Blood Service). Some of the larger retail pharmacy chains offering in-store clinical services (such as Clicks, Dis-Chem) also provide training for aspirant phlebotomists. Certification can be obtained from a number of examination and testing institutions. To work as a phlebotomist in South Africa, registration with the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA) is required.


== Sample tube types ==


== Draw station ==
A phlebotomy draw station is a place where blood is drawn from patients for laboratory testing, transfusions, donations, or research purposes. The blood is typically drawn via venipuncture or a finger stick by a healthcare professional such as a phlebotomist, nurse, or medical assistant.
The draw station typically includes a padded chair or a bed for patients prone to fainting during blood draws.
Draw stations can be found in various settings, such as hospitals, clinics, blood donation centers, and independent laboratories or as part of patient service centers (PSC).


== History ==

Early phlebotomists used techniques such as leeches and incision to extract blood from the body. Bloodletting was used as a therapeutic as well as a prophylactic process, thought to remove toxins from the body and to balance the humors. While physicians did perform bloodletting, it was a specialty of barber surgeons, the primary provider of health care to most people in the medieval and early modern eras.


== See also ==
Cytotechnologist
Injection (medicine)
Medical technologist
List of surgeries by type
Phlebotominae
Phlebotomy licensure


== References ==

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Phlebotomy licensure in the United States (similarity: 0.4815)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phlebotomy_licensure_in_the_United_States
  QID: Q125935482
  Extract: 
Phlebotomy licensure in the United States is the process by which various regulatory bodies regulate the practice of phlebotomy through licensure. There are no federal phlebotomy training or certification requirements, though several states have imposed their own requirements. In 2024, four states 

  Title: Play piercing (similarity: 0.3077)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Play_piercing
  QID: Q4365894
  Extract: Play piercing, needle play, or recreational acupuncture is body piercing done for the purpose of enjoying the experience rather than producing a permanent body decoration. Needles, sharpened bones, or other tools used in play piercing are removed from the body when the episode is complete, allowing 

  Title: Blood test (similarity: 0.3478)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_test
  QID: Q886837
  Extract: A blood test is a laboratory analysis performed on a blood sample that is usually extracted from a vein in the arm using a hypodermic needle, or via fingerprick. Multiple tests for specific blood components, such as a glucose test or a cholesterol test, are often grouped together into one test panel

  Title: Venipuncture (similarity: 0.1600)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venipuncture
  QID: Q886549
  Extract: In medicine, venipuncture or venepuncture is the process of obtaining intravenous access for the purpose of venous blood sampling or intravenous therapy. In healthcare, this procedure is performed by medical laboratory scientists, medical practitioners, some EMTs, paramedics, phlebotomists, dialysis

  Title: MIT Radiation Laboratory (similarity: 0.2703)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_Radiation_Laboratory
  QID: Q4354699
  Extract: The Radiation Laboratory was a radar research program operating at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) during World War II. From 1940 to 1945, the Rad Lab applied new microwave technologies to develop compact radar sets for military navigation and combat. It grew from thirty staff to nea

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong data consistency across O*NET attributes, clear task definitions, robust employment statistics, and comprehensive education pathways provide high confidence in this occupation profile.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T20:19:59.607084+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,782
tokens_output        : 4,214
cost_usd             : $0.045883
wikipedia_used       : True
wikipedia_title      : Phlebotomy
wikipedia_note       : Wikipedia confirms phlebotomy as the process of drawing blood through venipuncture, performed by phlebotomists who specialize in this procedure. The entry distinguishes phlebotomists from other healthcare professionals who may also draw blood but lack specialized training.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Phlebotomists are healthcare support professionals who draw blood from patients for medical tests, transfusions, donations, or research purposes. They work primarily in hospitals, clinics, and laboratories, combining technical venipuncture skills with patient care and communication abilities. This role requires medium preparation with post-secondary certification being the most common educational pathway.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
A phlebotomist begins each shift by organizing and sterilizing blood-drawing trays, ensuring all instruments meet safety standards. They review laboratory requisition forms and patient schedules, then collect blood specimens using vacuum tube, syringe, or butterfly venipuncture methods from veins, or dermal puncture methods for capillary draws. Throughout the day, they enter patient and specimen information into computer systems, maintain detailed documentation tracking specimens from collection to laboratory analysis, and dispose of contaminated materials according to safety protocols. Patient interaction is crucial as they explain procedures, verify patient identities, and assist those experiencing adverse reactions during or after blood draws.

WHO THRIVES:
Successful phlebotomists possess strong arm-hand steadiness and near vision abilities, essential for precise needle placement and vein identification. They excel in customer service orientation with high social perceptiveness, able to calm anxious patients while maintaining professional communication. Detail-oriented individuals who value dependability and cautiousness thrive in this role, as accuracy in specimen handling and labeling is critical for patient safety. The combination of realistic and conventional RIASEC preferences suits those who enjoy hands-on technical work within structured healthcare protocols while helping others.

CAREER ENTRY:
Most phlebotomists enter through post-secondary certificate programs (45.5% of workforce) specifically designed for phlebotomy training, typically lasting several weeks to months. High school diploma holders (31.8%) may receive on-the-job training in healthcare facilities or pursue certification through vocational schools. National certification through organizations like the National Phlebotomy Association or American Society for Clinical Pathology enhances employment prospects and demonstrates competency in venipuncture techniques and safety protocols.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Phlebotomists can advance to supervisory roles within laboratory settings or specialize in areas like pediatric phlebotomy or mobile blood collection services. Career progression often leads to medical and clinical laboratory technician positions, requiring additional education but offering broader responsibilities in specimen analysis. Some transition into related healthcare support roles such as medical assistants or cardiovascular technicians, leveraging their patient care experience and technical skills.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
The phlebotomy field employs 143,540 professionals with a median annual wage of $45,230 (BLS OEWS May 2025), ranging from $35,780 to $58,780 for the 10th to 90th percentiles. California offers the highest wages at $56,040 annually, nearly double Puerto Rico's $29,880, reflecting significant geographic wage variation. Healthcare and social assistance sectors dominate employment with 138,230 positions, while administrative and professional services provide additional opportunities. Strong demand continues due to aging populations requiring more diagnostic testing and routine health screenings.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
Phlebotomy shows low automation risk due to the critical need for human dexterity, patient interaction, and real-time problem-solving during blood draws. While automated specimen processing and labeling systems support the workflow, the core venipuncture process requires human skills in patient communication, vein assessment, and immediate response to adverse reactions. Technology enhances rather than replaces phlebotomists through improved tracking systems and portable equipment.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [career_pathway] Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians (29-2012.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles process biological specimens with phlebotomists advancing to broader laboratory analysis responsibilities.
    data: shared specimen processing activities
    data: laboratory environment overlap
    data: O*NET primary-short relationship
  [skill_overlap] Medical Assistants (31-9092.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both require customer service orientation, patient care abilities, and medical documentation skills in clinical settings.
    data: customer service importance 4.6 vs similar
    data: patient care activities
    data: healthcare support classification
  [task_similarity] Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians (29-2031.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both perform invasive procedures requiring arm-hand steadiness and patient interaction in healthcare settings.
    data: arm-hand steadiness importance 3.8
    data: patient procedure explanation
    data: healthcare technical skills
  [knowledge_overlap] Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists (29-2011.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Shared medicine and dentistry knowledge base and specimen handling procedures in laboratory environments.
    data: medicine and dentistry knowledge 3.1
    data: specimen processing tasks
    data: laboratory requisition handling
  [riasec_cluster] Surgical Technologists (29-2055.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both exhibit realistic-conventional personality patterns suited for technical healthcare procedures requiring precision.
    data: R:5.44, C:5.42 RIASEC profile
    data: sterile technique requirements
    data: healthcare technical procedures

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['phlebotomist', 'phlebotomy', 'blood draw', 'venipuncture', 'specimen collection', 'blood collection', 'clinical phlebotomist', 'certified phlebotomist']
  exclude_keywords : ['nurse', 'doctor', 'technologist', 'laboratory analyst', 'medical assistant']
  title_patterns   : ['*phlebotomist*', '*phlebotomy*', '*blood draw*', '*collection technician*', '*patient service tech*']
  common_variations: ['certified phlebotomist', 'phlebotomy technician', 'blood collection specialist', 'lab phlebotomist', 'outpatient phlebotomist', 'mobile phlebotomist', 'clinical phlebotomist', 'patient service technician']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['blood', 'tendency', 'others', 'equipment', 'medical', 'phlebotomy', 'patients', 'principles', 'laboratory', 'body', 'standards', 'analysis', 'patient', 'techniques', 'phlebotomists', 'specimens', 'tests', 'procedures', 'includes', 'materials']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
blood                      44  0.01340  wikipedia            wikipedia:59%  onet_tasks:23%  inference:18%
tendency                   42  0.01279  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
others                     39  0.01188  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:97%  inference:3%
equipment                  27  0.00822  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:85%  dwas:11%  inference:4%
medical                    25  0.00762  dwas                 dwas:44%  wikipedia:28%  onet_tasks:12%
phlebotomy                 22  0.00670  wikipedia            wikipedia:68%  inference:27%  onet_tasks:5%
patients                   16  0.00487  dwas                 dwas:56%  onet_tasks:12%  wikipedia:12%
principles                 16  0.00487  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
laboratory                 15  0.00457  wikipedia            wikipedia:40%  inference:27%  onet_tasks:20%
body                       15  0.00457  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  wikipedia:33%
standards                  14  0.00426  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:57%  onet_tasks:21%  dwas:14%
analysis                   14  0.00426  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:29%  dwas:29%  onet_tasks:21%
patient                    14  0.00426  inference            inference:64%  dwas:21%  onet_tasks:7%
techniques                 14  0.00426  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:71%  onet_tasks:14%  wikipedia:7%
phlebotomists              14  0.00426  wikipedia            wikipedia:50%  inference:50%
specimens                  13  0.00396  dwas                 dwas:54%  onet_tasks:23%  inference:15%
tests                      13  0.00396  wikipedia            wikipedia:38%  onet_tasks:31%  dwas:15%
procedures                 13  0.00396  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:62%  onet_tasks:23%  dwas:8%
includes                   13  0.00396  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:92%  wikipedia:8%
materials                  12  0.00365  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:83%  dwas:8%  inference:8%
control                    12  0.00365  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
objects                    12  0.00365  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
ideas                      11  0.00335  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
draw                       10  0.00305  wikipedia            wikipedia:50%  onet_tasks:30%  inference:20%
collection                 10  0.00305  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:60%  wikipedia:20%  inference:20%
health                     10  0.00305  dwas                 dwas:40%  wikipedia:30%  onet_tasks:10%
problems                   10  0.00305  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:90%  dwas:10%
orientation                10  0.00305  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:90%  inference:10%
biological                 10  0.00305  dwas                 dwas:100%
healthcare                 10  0.00305  inference            inference:60%  wikipedia:30%  dwas:10%
venipuncture                9  0.00274  inference            inference:56%  wikipedia:33%  onet_tasks:11%
collect                     9  0.00274  dwas                 dwas:67%  onet_tasks:22%  inference:11%
needs                       9  0.00274  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  dwas:11%
services                    9  0.00274  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  inference:22%  wikipedia:11%
human                       9  0.00274  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:78%  inference:22%
resources                   9  0.00274  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
arm                         9  0.00274  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  wikipedia:22%  inference:11%
hand                        9  0.00274  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:78%  wikipedia:11%  inference:11%
quickly                     9  0.00274  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
activities                  9  0.00274  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%