[Core] [84% incumbents] Enter and retrieve information pertaining to vehicle registration, identification, and status, using hand-held computers.
  DWAs: Use databases to locate investigation details or other information.

[Core] [84% incumbents] Patrol an assigned area by vehicle or on foot to ensure public compliance with existing parking ordinance.
  DWAs: Patrol properties to maintain safety.

[Core] [84% incumbents] Write warnings and citations for illegally parked vehicles.
  DWAs: Issue warnings or citations.

[Core] [84% incumbents] Respond to and make radio dispatch calls regarding parking violations and complaints.
  DWAs: Relay information about incidents or emergencies to personnel using phones or two-way radios.

[Core] [84% incumbents] Maintain close communications with dispatching personnel, using two-way radios or cell phones.
  DWAs: Relay information about incidents or emergencies to personnel using phones or two-way radios.

[Core] [84% incumbents] Perform simple vehicle maintenance procedures, such as checking oil and gas, and report mechanical problems to supervisors.
  DWAs: Communicate situation details to appropriate personnel.

[Core] [84% incumbents] Observe and report hazardous conditions, such as missing traffic signals or signs, and street markings that need to be repainted.
  DWAs: Monitor environmental conditions to detect hazards.

[Core] [84% incumbents] Identify vehicles in violation of parking codes, checking with dispatchers when necessary to confirm identities or to determine whether vehicles need to be booted or towed.
  DWAs: Locate suspicious objects or vehicles. | Communicate situation details to appropriate personnel.

[Core] [84% incumbents] Train new or temporary staff.
  DWAs: Train employees in proper work procedures.

[Core] [84% incumbents] Make arrangements for illegally parked or abandoned vehicles to be towed, and direct tow-truck drivers to the correct vehicles.
  DWAs: Confiscate prohibited or dangerous items. | Communicate situation details to appropriate personnel.

[Core] [84% incumbents] Provide information to the public regarding parking regulations and facilities, and the location of streets, buildings and points of interest.
  DWAs: Inform the public about policies, services or procedures.

[Core] [84% incumbents] Prepare and maintain required records, including logs of parking enforcement activities, and records of contested citations.
  DWAs: Maintain operational records.

[Core] [84% incumbents] Perform traffic control duties such as setting up barricades and temporary signs, placing bags on parking meters to limit their use, or directing traffic.
  DWAs: Block physical access to restricted areas. | Direct vehicle traffic.

[Supplemental] [84% incumbents] Mark tires of parked vehicles with chalk and record time of marking, and return at regular intervals to ensure that parking time limits are not exceeded.
  DWAs: Monitor vehicle movement or location.

[Supplemental] [84% incumbents] Locate lost, stolen, and counterfeit parking permits, and take necessary enforcement action.
  DWAs: Locate suspicious objects or vehicles.

[Supplemental] [84% incumbents] Collect coins deposited in meters.
  DWAs: Collect deposits, payments or fees.

[Supplemental] [84% incumbents] Assign and review the work of subordinates.
  DWAs: Evaluate employee performance.

[Core] [83% incumbents] Appear in court at hearings regarding contested traffic citations.
  DWAs: Testify at legal or legislative proceedings.

[Core] [83% incumbents] Maintain assigned equipment and supplies, such as hand-held citation computers, citation books, rain gear, tire-marking chalk, and street cones.
  DWAs: Maintain supply or equipment inventories.

[Core] [83% incumbents] Investigate and answer complaints regarding contested parking citations, determining their validity and routing them appropriately.
  DWAs: Investigate transportation incidents, violations, or complaints. | Relay information between personnel. | Respond to customer problems or complaints.

[Supplemental] [83% incumbents] Wind parking meter clocks.
  DWAs: Maintain mechanical equipment.

[Supplemental] [83% incumbents] Provide assistance to motorists needing help with problems, such as flat tires, keys locked in cars, or dead batteries.
  DWAs: Assist motorists or pedestrians.

[EMERGING:Revision] Perform traffic control duties such as setting up barricades and temporary signs, placing bags on parking meters to limit their use, or directing traffic or pedestrians.

--- SKILLS ---
  Speaking (imp:3.25 lvl:3.00) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Monitoring (imp:3.25 lvl:3.00) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Active Listening (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Critical Thinking (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Reading Comprehension (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Writing (imp:2.88 lvl:2.38) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Active Learning (imp:2.88 lvl:2.38) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Learning Strategies (imp:2.25 lvl:2.38) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Mathematics (imp:2.12 lvl:1.75) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Science (imp:1.00) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  English Language (imp:3.77 lvl:3.56) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Public Safety and Security (imp:3.73 lvl:3.25) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Law and Government (imp:3.29 lvl:3.81) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Computers and Electronics (imp:3.14 lvl:3.61) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Education and Training (imp:3.09 lvl:3.06) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Psychology (imp:2.76) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Foreign Language (imp:2.74 lvl:3.41) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Transportation (imp:2.72 lvl:1.88) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Administration and Management (imp:2.68 lvl:2.56) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Communications and Media (imp:2.59) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Mathematics (imp:2.57 lvl:2.49) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:2.43) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:2.35 lvl:2.91) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:2.32) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Physics (imp:2.31) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:2.29) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Administrative (imp:2.28 lvl:2.54) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Telecommunications (imp:2.21) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Production and Processing (imp:2.20) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Economics and Accounting (imp:2.12) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Engineering and Technology (imp:2.11) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:2.08 lvl:2.62) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  History and Archeology (imp:2.04) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Biology (imp:2.01) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Geography (imp:2.01) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Mechanical (imp:2.00) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.88) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Chemistry (imp:1.83) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Fine Arts (imp:1.81) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
  Design (imp:1.71) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Building and Construction (imp:1.68) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Sales and Marketing (imp:1.48 lvl:0.77) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Food Production (imp:1.42) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food

--- ABILITIES ---
  Oral Expression (imp:3.62 lvl:3.88) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.38 lvl:2.88) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Oral Comprehension (imp:3.25 lvl:3.50) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Information Ordering (imp:3.25 lvl:3.00) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Near Vision (imp:3.25 lvl:3.12) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Written Expression (imp:3.12 lvl:2.50) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Far Vision (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.12 lvl:2.62) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Written Comprehension (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:3.00 lvl:2.75) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Perceptual Speed (imp:3.00 lvl:2.50) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Selective Attention (imp:3.00 lvl:2.25) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Control Precision (imp:3.00 lvl:2.75) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Category Flexibility (imp:2.88 lvl:2.38) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Trunk Strength (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:2.88 lvl:2.38) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Finger Dexterity (imp:2.75 lvl:2.25) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:2.75 lvl:2.62) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Depth Perception (imp:2.75 lvl:2.12) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Spatial Orientation (imp:2.62 lvl:2.25) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Time Sharing (imp:2.62 lvl:2.12) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:2.62 lvl:2.12) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Static Strength (imp:2.62 lvl:2.12) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Stamina (imp:2.62 lvl:2.00) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Manual Dexterity (imp:2.50 lvl:2.12) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Response Orientation (imp:2.38 lvl:2.38) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Reaction Time (imp:2.38 lvl:2.38) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Extent Flexibility (imp:2.38 lvl:2.12) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:2.38 lvl:2.00) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.38 lvl:2.12) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Memorization (imp:2.25 lvl:2.25) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:2.25 lvl:2.25) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:2.25 lvl:2.00) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Visualization (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Sound Localization (imp:2.12 lvl:1.75) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:2.00 lvl:2.25) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Originality (imp:2.00 lvl:2.25) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:2.00 lvl:1.50) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Number Facility (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Rate Control (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:2.00 lvl:1.62) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Explosive Strength (imp:2.00 lvl:1.50) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Dynamic Strength (imp:2.00 lvl:1.62) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:2.00 lvl:1.62) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Night Vision (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:2.00 lvl:1.62) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:1.62 lvl:1.00) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:4.40 lvl:5.23) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:4.37 lvl:3.90) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:4.32 lvl:3.37) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:4.30 lvl:3.78) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:4.25 lvl:3.64) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:4.21 lvl:3.91) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Processing Information (imp:4.19 lvl:3.60) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Getting Information (imp:4.16 lvl:3.41) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:3.94 lvl:4.65) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:3.94 lvl:4.92) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:3.88 lvl:4.75) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:3.86 lvl:3.47) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:3.85 lvl:3.58) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:3.83 lvl:4.45) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:3.79 lvl:3.88) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.73 lvl:4.44) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:3.68 lvl:3.42) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:3.59 lvl:4.16) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:3.59 lvl:4.44) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:3.54 lvl:4.23) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Working with Computers (imp:3.50 lvl:3.60) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:3.49 lvl:3.57) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:3.48 lvl:2.98) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:3.34 lvl:3.90) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Thinking Creatively (imp:3.33 lvl:4.03) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:3.31 lvl:3.48) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:3.29 lvl:4.82) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:3.28 lvl:3.15) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:3.10 lvl:3.23) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:3.05 lvl:3.15) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:3.03 lvl:2.97) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:2.97 lvl:2.71) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:2.91 lvl:3.11) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:2.87 lvl:2.88) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:2.85 lvl:2.94) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:2.78 lvl:2.77) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:2.69 lvl:2.96) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:2.55 lvl:2.60) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:2.49 lvl:2.71) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:2.46 lvl:2.49) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:2.31 lvl:2.16) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Dependability (imp:2.16) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.02) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Dependability (imp:2.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Self-Control (imp:1.84) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Integrity (imp:1.79) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Stress Tolerance (imp:1.46) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Cautiousness (imp:1.11) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Self-Confidence (imp:1.10) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance (imp:1.02) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Attention to Detail (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Social Orientation (imp:0.61) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Adaptability (imp:0.38) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Optimism (imp:0.36) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Achievement Orientation (imp:0.32) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Initiative (imp:0.28) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Cooperation (imp:0.20) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Sincerity (imp:0.14) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Achievement Orientation () — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Intellectual Curiosity () — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Cautiousness () — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Integrity () — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Leadership Orientation (imp:-0.05) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Empathy (imp:-0.25) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:-0.30) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:-0.30) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Humility (imp:-0.56) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Innovation (imp:-0.66) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:3.12 lvl:2.88) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Coordination (imp:3.00 lvl:2.75) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Service Orientation (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Time Management (imp:3.00 lvl:2.62) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Instructing (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:2.88 lvl:2.25) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Persuasion (imp:2.75 lvl:2.12) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Negotiation (imp:2.75 lvl:2.12) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:2.75 lvl:2.38) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Operation and Control (imp:2.62 lvl:2.25) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Operations Monitoring (imp:2.38 lvl:2.12) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:2.38 lvl:2.38) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:2.25 lvl:1.62) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Troubleshooting (imp:2.25 lvl:2.00) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Systems Analysis (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Systems Evaluation (imp:2.12 lvl:1.75) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Equipment Selection (imp:1.75 lvl:1.12) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Repairing (imp:1.75 lvl:1.00) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
  Programming (imp:1.50 lvl:0.75) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Technology Design (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Management of Material Resources (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Operations Analysis (imp:1.25 lvl:0.38) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 9,050
  annual_median    : $46,730
  annual_pct10     : $35,130
  annual_pct25     : $39,870
  annual_pct75     : $60,490
  annual_pct90     : $75,340
  annual_mean      : $51,190
  hourly_median    : $22.47

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : Washington ($68,120)
  lowest_state     : Mississippi ($27,550)
  dispersion_ratio : 2.473x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (41 total) ---
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:    7,580  median: $  47,490
  Educational Services                     emp:      840  median: $  41,670
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:      140  median: $  38,680
  Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation      emp:       80  median: $  39,040
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:       60  median: $  33,860

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (5 total) ---
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:    7,580  median: $  47,490
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exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Parking meter
match_score        : 0.6500
wikidata_qid       : Q953960
word_count         : 1,990
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parking_meter
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T21:59:10.178992Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
A parking meter is a device used to collect money in exchange for the right to park a vehicle in a particular place for a limited amount of time. Parking meters can be used by municipalities as a tool for enforcing their integrated on-street parking policy, usually related to their traffic and mobility management policies, but are also used for revenue.


== History ==

An early patent for a parking meter, U.S. patent, was filed by Roger W. Babson, on August 30, 1928. The meter was intended to operate on power from the battery of the parking vehicle and required a connection from the car to the meter.
Holger George Thuesen and Gerald A. Hale designed the first working parking meter, the Black Maria, in 1935. The History Channel's... History's Lost and Found  documents their success in developing the first working parking meter. Thuesen and Hale were engineering professors at Oklahoma State University. They began working on the parking meter in 1933 at the request of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma lawyer and newspaper publisher Carl C. Magee. The world's first installed parking meter was in Oklahoma City on July 16, 1935. Magee received a patent for the apparatus on 24 May 1938.
Industrial production started in 1936 and expanded until the mid-1980s. The first models were based on a coin acceptor, a dial to engage the mechanism, and a visible pointer and flag to indicate the expiration of the paid period. This configuration lasted more than 40 years, with only a few changes in the exterior design, such as a double-headed design (to cover two adjacent parking spaces) and the incorporation of new materials and production techniques.
M.H. Rhodes Inc. of Hartford, Connecticut started making meters for Mark-Time Parking Meter Company of Miami, where the first Rhodes meters were installed in 1936. These were different from the Magee design because only the driver's action of turning a handle was necessary to keep the spring wound. At the same time, Magee's meters needed a serviceman to wind the spring occasionally.

Upon insertion of coins into a currency detector slot or swiping a credit card or smartcard into a slot, and turning a handle (or pressing a key), a timer is initiated within the meter. Some locations now allow payment by mobile phone (to remotely record payments for subsequent checking and enforcement). A dial or display on the meter indicates the time remaining. In many cities, all parking meters are designed to use only one type of coin. Use of other coins will fail to register, and the meter may cease to function altogether. For example, in Hackensack, New Jersey, all parking meters are designed for quarters only.
In 1960, New York City hired its first crew of "meter maids"; all were women. It was not until 1967 that the first man was hired.
In the mid-1980s, a digital version was introduced, replacing the mechanical parts with electronic components: boards, keyboards, and displays. This allowed the meter more flexibility, as an EEPROM chip can be reconfigured more easily than corresponding mechanical components.
By the beginning of the 1990s, millions of parking meter units had been sold worldwide. Still, the market was already looking into new solutions, like the collective pay and display machines and new forms of payment that appeared along with electronic money and communication technologies.


=== Fully electrical ===
 
More modern parking meters are generically called multi-space meters (as opposed to single-space meters) and control multiple spaces per block (typically 8-12) or lots (unlimited). While with these meters, the parker may have to walk several car lengths to the meter, there are significant customer service, performance, and efficiency benefits. Multispace meters incorporate more customer-friendly features such as on-screen instructions and acceptance of credit cards for payment—no longer do drivers have to have pockets full of coins. While they may still be prone to coin jams and other types of vandalism, most of these meters are wireless and can report problems immediately to maintenance staff, who can then fix the meters so they are not out of service for very long.
With pay-by-space meters, the driver parks in a space, goes to the meter, enters the space number, and makes payment. The meter memorizes the time remaining, and enforcement personnel press the bay buttons to check for violations.
Other advances in parking meters include vehicle detection technology, which allows the pay-by-space meters to know when a car is parked in a space. This opens the door for benefits for parking managers, including providing way-finding (directing drivers to unoccupied spaces via the web or street signs), enabling remote violation detection, and gathering vital statistics about parking supply and demand. Some meters allow payment for additional time by phone and notify drivers when they are about to expire. Parking meters in Santa Monica use vehicle detectors to prevent drivers from "feeding the meter" indefinitely, and to delete remaining time when a car departs so the next car cannot take any time without paying. Meters in Madrid give discounted and free parking to drivers of hybrid and electric vehicles, respectively. Drivers can reserve meters spots in Los Angeles by cellphone.
Another advancement with parking meters is the new solar-powered meters that accept credit cards and still coins.
Credit card enabled solar powered "smart" single-space meters were installed in Los Angeles in 2010, and Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa stated "the city's Department of Transportation had projected the 10,000 Coin & Card parking meters installed over the last six months would generate 1-1.5 million in revenue each year". These parking meters replace the top of the meter, but use the existing pole, and use solar power, which can help with sending technicians a wireless signal when in need for repair. DDOT (the District of Columbia Department of Transportation) states that this new parking meter will provide: "better return on tax payer's investment, a variety of options, reduced maintenance, a variety of easy payment options, and increased reliability".
New digital meters now account for all of New York City's 62,000 single-space parking meters, which are more accurate and difficult to break into. New York City retired its last spring-loaded, single-space, mechanical parking meter at West 10th Street and Surf Avenue in Coney Island on December 20, 2006. "The world changes. Just as the [subway] token went, now the manual meter has gone", said Iris Weinshall, the city's transportation commissioner, at a small ceremony marking the occasion, The New York Times reported.


=== Security issues ===

Parking meters are exposed to the elements and vandals, so protection of the device and its cash contents is a priority. The meters are frequently targeted in areas where parking regulations and enforcement are widely perceived to be unfair and predatory.
Some cities have learned the hard way that these machines must be upgraded regularly, essentially playing an arms race with vandals. In Berkeley, California, the cut-off remains of meter poles were a common sight during the late 1990s, and parking was essentially free throughout the city until the city government installed digital parking meters with heavier poles in 2000 (which were eventually vandalized as well).


=== Legality in the United States ===
In a 1937 case in Oklahoma, H.E. Duncan contended that the ordinances impose a fee for the free use of the streets, which is a right of all citizens of the state granted by state law. The Courts ruled that free use of the streets is not an absolute right. Still, they agreed with an unpublished 1936 Florida court decision that said, "If it had been shown that the streets on which parking meters have been installed under this ordinance are not streets where the traffic is sufficiently heavy to require any parking regulations of this sort, or that the city was making

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Civic response to the immigration policy of the Donald Trump administration (similarity: 0.1176)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civic_response_to_the_immigration_policy_of_the_Donald_Trump_administration
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  Title: Fixed penalty notice (similarity: 0.2553)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed_penalty_notice
  QID: Q5456376
  Extract: In the United Kingdom, a fixed penalty notice (FPN) is a notice giving an individual the opportunity to be made immune from prosecution for an alleged criminal offence in exchange for a fee. Fixed penalty notices were introduced in Britain in the 1980s to deal with minor parking offences. Originally

  Title: Affordable Housing on Faith and Higher Education Lands Act (similarity: 0.3059)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affordable_Housing_on_Faith_and_Higher_Education_Lands_Act
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  Extract: The Affordable Housing on Faith and Higher Education Lands Act is a 2023 California statute which makes it legal for faith-based institutions and non-profit colleges to build affordable, multi-family homes on lands they own by streamlining the permitting process and overriding local zoning restricti

  Title: Worker center (similarity: 0.3000)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worker_center
  QID: Q8034689
  Extract: Worker centers are non-profit community-based mediating organizations in the United States that organize and provide support to communities of low-wage workers who are not already members of a collective bargaining organization, or have been legally excluded from coverage by U.S. labor laws. Many wo

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  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Phan_West
  QID: Q136602961
  Extract: Amy Phan West is a Vietnamese-American politician who serves on the Westminster City Council, representing District 1 since 2022. She is a member of the Republican Party.

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong O*NET data foundation with comprehensive task descriptions and clear skill profiles. Wage data from BLS OEWS May 2025 provides reliable market intelligence. Role relationships are well-documented through established O*NET connections.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T20:36:49.156954+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,687
tokens_output        : 4,054
cost_usd             : $0.044852
wikipedia_used       : True
wikipedia_title      : Parking meter
wikipedia_note       : The Wikipedia match for 'parking meter' provides relevant context about the infrastructure these workers monitor and enforce, though it focuses on the device rather than the enforcement role itself.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Parking Enforcement Workers patrol assigned areas to monitor parking compliance and issue citations for violations of municipal parking ordinances. They operate specialized equipment including handheld computers and mobile devices to document violations and communicate with dispatch centers. These workers serve as front-line enforcers of urban parking policies, helping maintain orderly use of public and private parking spaces.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
A typical day involves patrolling designated routes on foot or by vehicle, systematically checking parked vehicles against posted time limits and permit requirements. Workers use handheld computers to enter vehicle information and retrieve registration data, writing citations for violations such as overtime parking or improper permits. They respond to radio dispatch calls about parking complaints, maintain communication with supervisors via two-way radios, and coordinate with tow truck operators when vehicles need removal. Documentation is critical, requiring detailed record-keeping of all violations and enforcement actions taken throughout their shift.

WHO THRIVES:
Individuals who excel in this role demonstrate strong attention to detail and dependability, as evidenced by the high importance scores for these work styles. The realistic and conventional RIASEC profile (R:6.37, C:5.11) indicates success for those who prefer structured, rule-based work environments with clear procedures. Strong oral expression abilities (imp:3.6, lvl:3.9) and speech clarity are essential for public interactions, while problem sensitivity helps identify violations accurately. Those comfortable with routine patrols, public-facing responsibilities, and technology-assisted documentation tend to perform well in this field.

CAREER ENTRY:
Most positions require only a high school diploma or equivalent, with 90.6% of workers holding this education level according to O*NET data. Job Zone 2 classification indicates minimal preparation is needed, typically involving short-term on-the-job training covering local parking ordinances, citation procedures, and equipment operation. Some positions may prefer candidates with prior experience in customer service, security, or other public-facing roles that demonstrate communication skills and stress tolerance.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Parking enforcement often serves as an entry point into broader protective services or municipal government careers. Workers may advance to supervisory positions within parking departments, transition to security guard roles (33-9032.00), or move into related transportation compliance positions. The transferable skills in communication, documentation, and regulatory compliance create pathways into dispatching roles (43-5032.00) or other law enforcement support positions within local government agencies.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
The field employs 9,050 workers nationally with a median annual wage of $46,730 according to BLS OEWS May 2025 data, ranging from $35,130 to $75,340 for the 10th-90th percentiles. Geographic wage variation is significant, with Washington state offering the highest wages at $68,120 compared to Mississippi's $27,550, representing a 2.47x ratio. Employment is heavily concentrated in government sectors (7,580 positions) with additional opportunities in educational services (840 positions). Demand correlates with urban density and parking scarcity, making metropolitan areas the primary employment centers.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
The role faces moderate automation pressure as smart parking meters and automated license plate recognition systems increasingly handle routine monitoring tasks. However, the human element remains essential for complex violation assessments, public interaction, and enforcement decisions requiring judgment. The high importance of communicating with supervisors (imp:4.4) and working directly with the public (imp:4.2) suggests continued need for human workers, though technology will likely augment rather than replace their capabilities.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [riasec_cluster] Security Guards (33-9032.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles share realistic and conventional RIASEC profiles with emphasis on monitoring, rule enforcement, and public safety responsibilities.
    data: R:6.37, C:5.11 RIASEC profile
    data: Monitoring skill imp:3.2
    data: Public Safety knowledge imp:3.7
  [task_similarity] Parking Attendants (53-6021.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Direct occupational overlap in parking management with shared responsibilities for vehicle monitoring and customer service in parking facilities.
    data: Vehicle monitoring tasks
    data: Customer service orientation
    data: O*NET primary-short relationship
  [skill_overlap] Crossing Guards and Flaggers (33-9091.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both require strong oral expression abilities, public interaction skills, and safety monitoring in transportation-related environments.
    data: Oral Expression imp:3.6
    data: Public safety focus
    data: Transportation knowledge overlap
  [transferable_skill] Dispatchers, Except Police, Fire, and Ambulance (43-5032.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Communication coordination and radio dispatch experience from parking enforcement transfers directly to dispatcher responsibilities.
    data: Radio dispatch communication
    data: Communicating with Supervisors imp:4.4
    data: Information processing skills
  [knowledge_overlap] Traffic Technicians (53-6041.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Shared expertise in transportation systems, traffic regulations, and public safety enforcement creates natural career progression pathway.
    data: Transportation knowledge
    data: Law and Government knowledge imp:3.3
    data: Traffic safety monitoring experience

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['parking enforcement', 'parking officer', 'meter maid', 'parking control', 'parking citation', 'parking violation', 'parking patrol', 'parking ticket']
  exclude_keywords : ['parking attendant', 'valet', 'lot attendant', 'garage attendant', 'security guard']
  title_patterns   : ['*parking*enforcement*', '*parking*officer*', '*enforcement*officer*', '*parking*control*', '*meter*']
  common_variations: ['Parking Enforcement Officer', 'PEO', 'Parking Control Officer', 'Enforcement Officer', 'Parking Enforcement Specialist', 'Parking Officer', 'Parking Enforcement Technician', 'Parking Enforcer']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['parking', 'meters', 'tendency', 'others', 'meter', 'equipment', 'city', 'public', 'control', 'principles', 'vehicles', 'enforcement', 'vehicle', 'objects', 'procedures', 'problems', 'personnel', 'traffic', 'includes', 'techniques']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
parking                    83  0.02195  wikipedia            wikipedia:71%  inference:16%  onet_tasks:13%
meters                     42  0.01111  wikipedia            wikipedia:90%  onet_tasks:7%  inference:2%
tendency                   42  0.01111  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
others                     38  0.01005  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
meter                      33  0.00873  wikipedia            wikipedia:94%  onet_tasks:3%  inference:3%
equipment                  28  0.00741  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:82%  dwas:7%  inference:7%
city                       21  0.00555  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
public                     17  0.00450  inference            inference:35%  onet_dimensions:24%  wikipedia:24%
control                    16  0.00423  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:75%  onet_tasks:12%  wikipedia:12%
principles                 16  0.00423  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
vehicles                   15  0.00397  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:40%  onet_dimensions:27%  dwas:13%
enforcement                15  0.00397  wikipedia            wikipedia:47%  inference:40%  onet_tasks:13%
vehicle                    14  0.00370  wikipedia            wikipedia:43%  onet_tasks:21%  dwas:14%
objects                    14  0.00370  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:86%  dwas:14%
procedures                 13  0.00344  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:62%  dwas:15%  inference:15%
problems                   13  0.00344  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:69%  onet_tasks:15%  dwas:8%
personnel                  12  0.00317  dwas                 dwas:50%  onet_dimensions:33%  onet_tasks:8%
traffic                    12  0.00317  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:50%  wikipedia:42%  dwas:8%
includes                   12  0.00317  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
techniques                 11  0.00291  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:91%  wikipedia:9%
materials                  11  0.00291  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:91%  wikipedia:9%
ideas                      11  0.00291  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
device                     11  0.00291  wikipedia            wikipedia:91%  inference:9%
space                      11  0.00291  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
mechanical                 10  0.00265  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:50%  wikipedia:30%  onet_tasks:10%
activities                 10  0.00265  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:90%  onet_tasks:10%
management                 10  0.00265  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:70%  wikipedia:30%
production                 10  0.00265  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:80%  wikipedia:20%
body                       10  0.00265  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
hand                        9  0.00238  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:78%  onet_tasks:22%
monitoring                  9  0.00238  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  inference:11%
performance                 9  0.00238  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:78%  dwas:11%  wikipedia:11%
design                      9  0.00238  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  wikipedia:33%
human                       9  0.00238  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:78%  inference:22%
resources                   9  0.00238  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
services                    9  0.00238  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  inference:22%  dwas:11%
needed                      9  0.00238  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:78%  wikipedia:11%  inference:11%
machines                    9  0.00238  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:78%  wikipedia:22%
actions                     9  0.00238  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  inference:11%
quickly                     9  0.00238  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%