[Core] [56% incumbents] Conform to laws of health and sanitation and ensure that legal requirements concerning embalming are met.
  DWAs: Monitor operations to ensure compliance with safety or security policies or regulations.

[Core] [56% incumbents] Apply cosmetics to impart lifelike appearance to the deceased.
  DWAs: Apply makeup to alter or enhance appearance.

[Core] [56% incumbents] Incise stomach and abdominal walls and probe internal organs, using trocar, to withdraw blood and waste matter from organs.
  DWAs: Embalm corpses.

[Core] [56% incumbents] Dress bodies and place them in caskets.
  DWAs: Apply decorative or textured finishes or coverings.

[Core] [56% incumbents] Make incisions in arms or thighs and drain blood from circulatory system and replace it with embalming fluid, using pump.
  DWAs: Embalm corpses.

[Core] [56% incumbents] Remove the deceased from place of death and transport to funeral home.
  DWAs: Transport biological or other medical materials.

[Core] [56% incumbents] Reshape or reconstruct disfigured or maimed bodies when necessary, using dermasurgery techniques and materials such as clay, cotton, plaster of Paris, and wax.
  DWAs: Embalm corpses.

[Core] [56% incumbents] Pack body orifices with cotton saturated with embalming fluid to prevent escape of gases or waste matter.
  DWAs: Embalm corpses.

[Core] [56% incumbents] Insert convex celluloid or cotton between eyeballs and eyelids to prevent slipping and sinking of eyelids.
  DWAs: Embalm corpses.

[Core] [56% incumbents] Assist with placing caskets in hearses and organize cemetery processions.
  DWAs: Handle caskets. | Direct funeral or mortuary activities.

[Core] [56% incumbents] Maintain records, such as itemized lists of clothing or valuables delivered with body and names of persons embalmed.
  DWAs: Maintain client information or service records.

[Core] [56% incumbents] Wash and dry bodies, using germicidal soap and towels or hot air dryers.
  DWAs: Apply cleansing or conditioning agents to client hair, scalp, or skin.

[Core] [56% incumbents] Supervise funeral attendants and other funeral home staff.
  DWAs: Supervise service workers.

[Core] [56% incumbents] Serve as pallbearers, attend visiting rooms, and provide other assistance to the bereaved.
  DWAs: Handle caskets.

[Core] [56% incumbents] Direct casket and floral display placement and arrange guest seating.
  DWAs: Arrange items for use or display. | Direct funeral or mortuary activities.

[Supplemental] [56% incumbents] Assist coroners at death scenes or at autopsies, file police reports, and testify at inquests or in court, if employed by a coroner.
  DWAs: Testify at legal or legislative proceedings. | Assist practitioners to perform medical procedures. | File documents or records.

[Supplemental] [56% incumbents] Press diaphragm to evacuate air from lungs.
  DWAs: Embalm corpses.

[Core] [55% incumbents] Join lips, using needles and thread or wire.
  DWAs: Embalm corpses.

[Core] [55% incumbents] Close incisions, using needles and sutures.
  DWAs: Embalm corpses.

[Core] [55% incumbents] Clean and disinfect areas in which bodies are prepared and embalmed.
  DWAs: Clean work areas. | Clean facilities or equipment.

[Core] [55% incumbents] Perform the duties of funeral directors, including coordinating funeral activities.
  DWAs: Direct funeral or mortuary activities.

[Core] [55% incumbents] Conduct interviews to arrange for the preparation of obituary notices, to assist with the selection of caskets or urns, and to determine the location and time of burials or cremations.
  DWAs: Collect information from people through observation, interviews, or surveys.

[Core] [55% incumbents] Arrange for transporting the deceased to another state for interment.
  DWAs: Direct funeral or mortuary activities.

[Core] [55% incumbents] Perform special procedures necessary for remains that are to be transported to other states or overseas, or where death was caused by infectious disease.
  DWAs: Embalm corpses.

[Core] [55% incumbents] Arrange funeral home equipment and perform general maintenance.
  DWAs: Arrange items for use or display. | Perform basic equipment maintenance.

[Core] [54% incumbents] Attach trocar to pump-tube, start pump, and repeat probing to force embalming fluid into organs.
  DWAs: Embalm corpses.

--- SKILLS ---
  Speaking (imp:3.88 lvl:3.75) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Active Listening (imp:3.75 lvl:3.75) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Writing (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Critical Thinking (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Reading Comprehension (imp:3.00 lvl:3.38) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Active Learning (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Monitoring (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Science (imp:2.62 lvl:2.25) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
  Learning Strategies (imp:2.12 lvl:2.75) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Mathematics (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — Using mathematics to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:4.68 lvl:4.64) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Chemistry (imp:3.62 lvl:4.80) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Psychology (imp:3.59 lvl:4.07) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  English Language (imp:3.49 lvl:3.92) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Law and Government (imp:3.40 lvl:3.20) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Biology (imp:3.23 lvl:3.50) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Administration and Management (imp:3.20 lvl:3.63) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Administrative (imp:3.15 lvl:3.91) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:3.07 lvl:4.16) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Education and Training (imp:2.99 lvl:3.73) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:2.96 lvl:3.04) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Computers and Electronics (imp:2.85 lvl:3.88) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Public Safety and Security (imp:2.81 lvl:2.98) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:2.75 lvl:2.78) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:2.63 lvl:2.76) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Mathematics (imp:2.51 lvl:2.83) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Transportation (imp:2.43 lvl:2.71) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Communications and Media (imp:2.25 lvl:2.54) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Telecommunications (imp:2.24 lvl:1.62) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Economics and Accounting (imp:2.21 lvl:1.16) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Production and Processing (imp:2.14 lvl:1.84) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Sales and Marketing (imp:2.11 lvl:1.56) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:2.02 lvl:1.78) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Engineering and Technology (imp:2.02 lvl:1.41) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Physics (imp:1.84 lvl:1.36) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Mechanical (imp:1.73 lvl:1.63) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Foreign Language (imp:1.66 lvl:1.15) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Geography (imp:1.58 lvl:1.42) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Building and Construction (imp:1.41) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Design (imp:1.33 lvl:0.65) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Fine Arts (imp:1.22) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
  History and Archeology (imp:1.15) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Food Production (imp:1.00) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food

--- ABILITIES ---
  Near Vision (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Oral Comprehension (imp:3.62 lvl:4.00) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:3.62 lvl:3.25) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Oral Expression (imp:3.38 lvl:3.88) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:3.38 lvl:4.00) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.38 lvl:3.25) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:3.25 lvl:3.12) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Information Ordering (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.25 lvl:3.12) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Visualization (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Manual Dexterity (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Written Comprehension (imp:3.00 lvl:3.25) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Written Expression (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Finger Dexterity (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Control Precision (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Trunk Strength (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:3.00 lvl:3.50) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Selective Attention (imp:2.88 lvl:2.25) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Static Strength (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Far Vision (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Category Flexibility (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Depth Perception (imp:2.50 lvl:2.00) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Originality (imp:2.38 lvl:2.75) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Perceptual Speed (imp:2.38 lvl:2.25) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Time Sharing (imp:2.38 lvl:2.12) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Extent Flexibility (imp:2.25 lvl:2.00) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.12 lvl:1.50) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.12 lvl:1.50) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:2.00 lvl:1.50) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Number Facility (imp:2.00 lvl:1.62) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Memorization (imp:2.00 lvl:1.62) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.00 lvl:1.38) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Spatial Orientation (imp:2.00 lvl:1.50) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Response Orientation (imp:2.00 lvl:1.25) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Rate Control (imp:2.00 lvl:1.12) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Reaction Time (imp:2.00 lvl:1.25) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Stamina (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:2.00 lvl:1.50) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Night Vision (imp:2.00 lvl:1.12) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:2.00 lvl:1.12) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:2.00 lvl:1.12) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Sound Localization (imp:2.00 lvl:1.12) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
  Dynamic Strength (imp:1.88 lvl:1.25) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.62 lvl:0.75) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.50 lvl:0.62) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:4.55 lvl:5.66) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:4.41 lvl:4.21) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:4.30 lvl:4.82) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:4.30 lvl:6.31) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Getting Information (imp:4.16 lvl:3.43) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:4.04 lvl:4.73) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:4.00 lvl:4.51) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Processing Information (imp:3.95 lvl:4.76) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:3.93 lvl:4.91) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:3.90 lvl:4.29) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:3.85 lvl:4.50) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:3.84 lvl:4.80) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:3.82 lvl:4.09) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:3.80 lvl:5.01) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:3.70 lvl:4.05) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:3.68 lvl:3.88) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:3.63 lvl:2.89) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.52 lvl:3.81) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:3.37 lvl:3.50) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Working with Computers (imp:3.35 lvl:2.58) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Thinking Creatively (imp:3.27 lvl:4.07) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:3.27 lvl:3.15) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:3.18 lvl:2.92) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:3.14 lvl:3.34) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:3.08 lvl:3.26) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:3.06 lvl:3.60) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:2.96 lvl:3.25) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:2.96 lvl:2.96) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:2.88 lvl:3.07) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:2.83 lvl:2.27) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:2.82 lvl:2.92) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:2.72 lvl:2.77) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:2.53 lvl:2.44) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:2.50 lvl:2.68) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:2.23 lvl:2.69) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:2.11 lvl:2.34) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:2.11 lvl:1.76) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:2.07 lvl:1.95) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:1.70 lvl:0.99) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:1.64 lvl:1.12) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:1.63 lvl:1.19) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Dependability (imp:5.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Attention to Detail (imp:4.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Integrity (imp:3.00) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.77) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Dependability (imp:2.59) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Integrity (imp:2.10) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Stress Tolerance (imp:2.06) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control (imp:2.02) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Self-Control (imp:2.00) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Sincerity (imp:1.63) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Cooperation (imp:1.47) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Cautiousness (imp:1.47) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Perseverance (imp:1.40) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Empathy (imp:1.40) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Humility (imp:1.12) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Stress Tolerance (imp:1.00) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Achievement Orientation (imp:0.91) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Initiative (imp:0.72) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Optimism (imp:0.69) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Leadership Orientation (imp:0.59) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Adaptability (imp:0.57) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Social Orientation (imp:0.31) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:0.29) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Self-Confidence (imp:0.03) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Achievement Orientation () — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Intellectual Curiosity () — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Cautiousness () — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Innovation (imp:-0.22) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:-0.30) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:3.12 lvl:3.88) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Service Orientation (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Time Management (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Coordination (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Operations Monitoring (imp:2.75 lvl:2.12) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Instructing (imp:2.62 lvl:2.62) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Negotiation (imp:2.38 lvl:2.62) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Persuasion (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:2.25 lvl:1.88) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Operation and Control (imp:2.12 lvl:2.25) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Systems Analysis (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Systems Evaluation (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Operations Analysis (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Troubleshooting (imp:2.00 lvl:1.62) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:2.00 lvl:1.12) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Management of Material Resources (imp:2.00 lvl:1.25) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Technology Design (imp:1.88 lvl:1.00) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Equipment Selection (imp:1.62 lvl:1.00) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.50 lvl:1.00) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Repairing (imp:1.50 lvl:1.00) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
  Programming (imp:1.25 lvl:0.25) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 3,890
  annual_median    : $58,780
  annual_pct10     : $38,310
  annual_pct25     : $48,010
  annual_pct75     : $66,130
  annual_pct90     : $77,570
  annual_mean      : $58,390
  hourly_median    : $28.26

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : Ohio ($71,550)
  lowest_state     : Iowa ($39,490)
  dispersion_ratio : 1.812x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (28 total) ---
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:    3,800  median: $  58,870
  Educational Services                     emp:       40  median: $  52,500

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (2 total) ---
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:    3,800  median: $  58,870
  Educational Services                     emp:       40  median: $  52,500

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Embalming
match_score        : 0.6667
wikidata_qid       : Q332997
word_count         : 7,156
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embalming
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T22:11:45.231895Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
Embalming is the art and science of preserving human remains by treating them with embalming chemicals in modern times to forestall decomposition. This is usually done to make the deceased suitable for viewing as part of the funeral ceremony or keep them preserved for medical purposes in an anatomical laboratory. The three goals of embalming are sanitization, presentation, and preservation, with restoration being an important additional factor in some instances. Performed successfully, embalming can help preserve the body for many years. Embalming has a long, cross-cultural history, with many cultures giving the embalming processes religious meaning.
Animal remains can also be embalmed by similar methods, though embalming is distinct from taxidermy. Embalming preserves the body while keeping it intact, whereas taxidermy is the recreation of an animal's form often using only the creature's skin, fur or feathers mounted on an anatomical form.


== History ==

While the term embalming is used for both ancient and modern methods of preserving a deceased person, there is very little connection between the modern-day practices of embalming and ancient methods in terms of techniques or final aesthetic results.
The Chinchorro culture in the Atacama desert of present-day Chile and Peru is among the earliest cultures known to have performed artificial mummification, as early as 5000⁠–⁠6000 BCE. The earliest known evidence of artificial preservation in Europe was found in Osorno (Spain) – approximately 5000-year-old human bones covered in cinnabar for preservation – however embalming remained unusual in Europe up to the time of the Roman Empire.
Evidence of embalming practices in Egypt date to at least 3500 BCE. Ritual mummification, including embalming, continued to develop into a standardized practice in the dynastic period, and typically involved removing organs, ridding the body of moisture, and covering the body with natron, a mixture of desiccating salts found naturally in the Wadi El Natrun west of the Nile Delta. The ancient Egyptians believed that mummification enabled the soul to return to the preserved corpse after death. Other cultures known to have used embalming techniques in antiquity include the Meroites, Guanches, Peruvians, Jivaro Indians, Aztecs, Toltecs, Mayans, and Tibetan and southern Nigerian tribes.
In China, artificially preserved remains have been recovered from the period of the Han dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE), the main examples being those of Xin Zhui and the Mawangdui Han tombs site. While these remains have been extraordinarily well preserved, the embalming fluids and methods used are unknown.
In Europe the ancient practice of artificial preservation had become widespread by about 500 CE. The period of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance is known as the anatomists' period of embalming and is characterized by an increased influence of scientific developments in medicine and the need for bodies for dissection purposes. Early methods used are documented by contemporary physicians such as Peter Forestus (1522–1597) and Ambroise Pare (1510–1590). The first attempts to inject the vascular system were made by Alessandra Giliani, who died in 1326. Various attempts and procedures have been reported by Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519), Jacobus Berengar (1470–1550), Bartholomeo Eustachius (1520–1574), Reinier de Graaf (1641–1673), Jan Swammerdam (1637–1680), and Frederik Ruysch (1638–1731).


=== Modern methods ===

The modern method of embalming involves the injection of various chemical solutions into the arterial network of the body to primarily disinfect and slow the decomposition process. William Harvey, the 17th century English physician who was the first to detail the system of blood circulation, made his discoveries by injecting colored solutions into corpses.
The Scottish surgeon William Hunter was the first to apply these methods to the art of embalming as part of mortuary practice. He wrote a widely read report on the appropriate methods for arterial and cavity embalming in order to preserve bodies for burial. His brother, John Hunter, applied these methods and advertised his embalming services to the general public from the mid-18th century.
One of his more notorious clients was dentist Martin Van Butchell. When his wife Mary died on 14 January 1775, he had her embalmed as an attraction to draw more customers. Hunter injected the body with preservatives and color additives that gave a glow to the corpse's cheeks, replaced her eyes with glass eyes, and dressed her in a fine lace dress. The body was embedded in a layer of plaster of Paris in a glass-topped coffin. Butchell exhibited the body in the window of his home and many Londoners came to see it; however, Butchell drew criticism for the display. A rumor, possibly started by Butchell himself, claimed that his wife's marriage certificate had specified that her husband would only have control over her estate after her death for as long as her body was kept unburied.
Interest in, and demand for, embalming grew steadily in the 19th century largely for sentimental reasons. People sometimes wished to be buried at far-off locations, which became possible with the advent of the railways, and mourners wanted the chance to pay their last respects beside the displayed body. Other motives behind embalming were prevention of disease and the wish to prepare funerals and burials, which were becoming more elaborate, without undue haste. After Lord Nelson was killed in the Battle of Trafalgar, his body was preserved in brandy and spirits of wine mixed with camphor and myrrh for over two months. At the time of his state funeral in 1805, his body was found to still be in excellent condition and completely plastic.

Alternative methods of preservation, such as ice packing or laying the body on so called 'cooling boards', gradually lost ground to the increasingly popular and effective methods of embalming. By the mid-19th century, the newly emerging profession of businessmen-undertakers – who provided funeral and burial services – began adopting embalming methods as standard.
Embalming became more common in the United States during the American Civil War, when servicemen often died far from home. The wish of families for their remains to be returned home for local burial and lengthy transport from the battlefield helped it become popular.
The period from about 1861 is sometimes known as the funeral period of embalming and is marked by a separation of the fields of embalming by undertakers and embalming (anatomical wetting) for medical and scientific purposes. Dr Thomas Holmes received a commission from the Army Medical Corps to embalm the corpses of dead Union officers to return to their families. Military authorities also permitted private embalmers to work in military-controlled areas. The passage of Abraham Lincoln's body home for burial was made possible by embalming, and it brought wider public attention to the possibilities and potential of embalming.
Until the early 20th century, embalming fluids often contained arsenic until it was supplanted by more effective and less toxic chemicals. There was concern about the possibility of arsenic from embalmed bodies contaminating ground water supplies, as well as legal concerns that people suspected of murder by arsenic poisoning might claim that levels of poison in the deceased's body were the result of post-mortem embalming, not homicide.
In 1855, the Russian chemist Alexander Michailowitsch Butlerow discovered formaldehyde, the preservative properties of which were soon noted, and it became the foundation for modern methods of embalming.
Dr Frederic Ruysch was the first to have used the arterial injection method for embalming. His work of embalming was so nearly perfect that people thought the dead body was actually alive; however, he only used it to prepare specimens for his anatomical work.


=== Present day ===
Modern embalming is most often perform

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Embalming chemicals (similarity: 0.5714)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embalming_chemicals
  QID: Q5369423
  Extract: Embalming chemicals are a variety of preservatives, sanitising and disinfectant agents, and additives used in modern embalming to temporarily prevent decomposition and restore a natural appearance for viewing a body after death in funeral homes. A mixture of these chemicals is known as embalming flu

  Title: Orozco the Embalmer (similarity: 0.5714)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orozco_the_Embalmer
  QID: Q20814681
  Extract: Orozco the Embalmer is a 2001 Spanish-language mondo film directed by Kiyotaka Tsurisaki. It follows a Colombian embalmer named Froilan Orozco Duarte, who is shown living in El Cartucho, an impoverished and crime-ridden area of Bogotá, Colombia, where the homicide rate is high and corpses can be see

  Title: Embalming (manga) (similarity: 0.4615)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embalming_(manga)
  QID: Q2624866
  Extract: Embalming: The Another Tale of Frankenstein is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Nobuhiro Watsuki, with occasional writing assistance from his wife Kaoru Kurosaki. It was serialized in Shueisha's monthly shōnen manga magazine Jump Square from November 2007 to April 2015, with its ch

  Title: The Embalmer (1965 film) (similarity: 0.4848)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Embalmer_(1965_film)
  QID: Q5996747
  Extract: The Embalmer is a 1965 Italian giallo film directed by Dino Tavella, and starring Gino Marturano, Alcide Gazzotto, and Alba Brotto. 
Dino Tavella had a very short career in the Italian film industry, writing and directing only two films, The Embalmer and Una Sporca Guerra.

  Title: Ruth Hartley Mosley (similarity: 0.2857)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth_Hartley_Mosley
  QID: Q126312716
  Extract: Ruth Price Hartley Mosley was an American nurse, businesswoman, and civil rights activist. In 1910, she became the first black woman to be the head of a nursing department. Mosley was also one of the first women to be licensed as an embalmer.

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong confidence based on detailed O*NET task descriptions, clear BLS wage data, and specific technical procedures that distinguish embalmers from related funeral service roles.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T21:27:07.093308+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,451
tokens_output        : 4,136
cost_usd             : $0.044571
wikipedia_used       : True
wikipedia_title      : Embalming
wikipedia_note       : Wikipedia defines embalming as the art and science of preserving human remains through chemical treatment to prevent decomposition, aligning with the occupation's core technical responsibilities. The three goals of sanitization, presentation, and preservation directly correspond to embalmer work activities.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Embalmers are specialized funeral service professionals who prepare deceased bodies for burial or viewing through chemical preservation processes. They perform technical embalming procedures, apply cosmetics for lifelike appearance, and ensure compliance with health and legal regulations. This work requires precise technical skills combined with compassionate service to grieving families.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
Embalmers begin by removing bodies from death sites and transporting them to funeral homes. They perform arterial embalming by making incisions in arms or thighs to drain blood and replace it with preservative fluid using specialized pumps. They use trocars to withdraw fluids from internal organs through stomach and abdominal walls. Bodies are prepared through packing orifices with cotton saturated in embalming fluid and inserting celluloid between eyelids to maintain natural appearance. They apply cosmetics to create lifelike appearance, dress bodies, and place them in caskets. Documentation of procedures and compliance monitoring ensures all health and legal requirements are met.

WHO THRIVES:
Successful embalmers possess high dependability and meticulous attention to detail, as their work requires precision and cannot be redone. They demonstrate strong arm-hand steadiness and near vision abilities essential for delicate technical procedures. The role attracts realistic and conventional personality types who appreciate structured, methodical work with clear procedures. Emotional resilience is crucial for handling death daily while maintaining professional composure when interacting with grieving families. Strong chemistry knowledge combined with customer service orientation helps them explain procedures sensitively to families.

CAREER ENTRY:
Most embalmers enter the field with an associate's degree in mortuary science or funeral service education, representing 86.4% of practitioners. Programs include anatomy, pathology, chemistry, and restorative art training. State licensing is required, involving written and practical examinations. Some practitioners gain entry through apprenticeships with licensed embalmers at funeral homes.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Embalmers can advance to funeral director roles, combining embalming skills with business management and family counseling responsibilities. Some specialize in restorative art for complex cases involving trauma or decomposition. Others pursue funeral home ownership or management positions. Additional training can lead to specialized roles in medical embalming for anatomical laboratories or teaching positions in mortuary science programs.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
The embalming profession employs 3,890 workers nationally with median annual wages of $58,780 according to BLS OEWS May 2025. Wages range from $38,310 to $77,570 across experience levels, with significant geographic variation from Iowa's $39,490 to Ohio's $71,550 representing a 1.81x difference. Employment is concentrated in other services industries (3,800 positions) with minimal representation in educational services (40 positions). The field faces demographic challenges as baby boomer retirements create both job openings and increased demand for services.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
Embalming work has low automation risk due to the highly manual, precise nature of chemical injection procedures and cosmetic application requiring human dexterity and judgment. While documentation and scheduling may become more digital, the core activities of handling bodies, making incisions, and applying preservatives require human skill and legal compliance oversight that technology cannot replicate.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [career_pathway] Morticians, Undertakers, and Funeral Arrangers (39-4031.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles share funeral service industry focus with embalmers often advancing to funeral director positions that combine technical and business responsibilities.
    data: Related occupation listed as Primary-Short
    data: Shared customer service knowledge (imp:4.7)
    data: Similar workplace in funeral homes
  [skill_overlap] Surgical Technologists (29-2055.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both require precise manual dexterity, sterile technique awareness, and handling of specialized medical instruments in controlled environments.
    data: Shared Arm-Hand Steadiness ability (imp:3.4)
    data: Both handle specialized tools and procedures
    data: Related occupation listed as Primary-Long
  [task_similarity] Phlebotomists (31-9097.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both professions involve making incisions, working with blood and bodily fluids, and requiring steady hands for precise procedures.
    data: Both make incisions for fluid drainage
    data: Shared blood handling procedures
    data: Near Vision ability requirement (imp:4.0)
  [riasec_cluster] Funeral Attendants (39-4021.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both share realistic personality orientation and work in funeral service environment with similar conventional work structures.
    data: Realistic RIASEC code (R:5.84)
    data: Related occupation Primary-Short
    data: Same industry sector employment
  [knowledge_overlap] Crematory Operators (39-4012.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both require knowledge of legal requirements, health regulations, and respectful handling of deceased in funeral service context.
    data: Shared Law and Government knowledge (imp:3.4)
    data: Related occupation Primary-Short
    data: Both ensure compliance with regulations

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['embalmer', 'embalming', 'arterial embalming', 'trocar', 'mortuary preparation', 'body preparation', 'preservative fluid', 'funeral preparation']
  exclude_keywords : ['funeral director', 'mortician', 'crematory', 'coroner', 'autopsy']
  title_patterns   : ['*embalmer', 'embalming*', '*funeral*embalmer', 'licensed embalmer', 'trade embalmer']
  common_variations: ['anatomical embalmer', 'arterial embalmer', 'funeral embalmer', 'licensed embalmer', 'restorative art embalmer', 'trade embalmer', 'funeral services embalmer', 'embalming technician']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['embalming', 'body', 'deceased', 'tendency', 'others', 'embalmed', 'funeral', 'injection', 'equipment', 'embalmer', 'death', 'fluid', 'chemicals', 'procedures', 'remains', 'techniques', 'arterial', 'embalmers', 'bodies', 'principles']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
embalming                 144  0.02263  wikipedia            wikipedia:92%  inference:6%  onet_tasks:3%
body                       93  0.01461  wikipedia            wikipedia:87%  onet_dimensions:11%  onet_tasks:2%
deceased                   42  0.00660  wikipedia            wikipedia:90%  onet_tasks:7%  inference:2%
tendency                   42  0.00660  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
others                     41  0.00644  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:93%  wikipedia:5%  inference:2%
embalmed                   34  0.00534  wikipedia            wikipedia:94%  onet_tasks:6%
funeral                    32  0.00503  wikipedia            wikipedia:50%  onet_tasks:19%  inference:19%
injection                  27  0.00424  wikipedia            wikipedia:96%  inference:4%
equipment                  26  0.00409  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:88%  dwas:8%  onet_tasks:4%
embalmer                   26  0.00409  wikipedia            wikipedia:96%  inference:4%
death                      22  0.00346  wikipedia            wikipedia:77%  onet_tasks:14%  inference:9%
fluid                      20  0.00314  wikipedia            wikipedia:70%  onet_tasks:15%  inference:10%
chemicals                  20  0.00314  wikipedia            wikipedia:95%  onet_dimensions:5%
procedures                 19  0.00299  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:42%  inference:32%  wikipedia:16%
remains                    19  0.00299  wikipedia            wikipedia:89%  onet_tasks:5%  inference:5%
techniques                 18  0.00283  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:56%  wikipedia:39%  onet_tasks:6%
arterial                   18  0.00283  wikipedia            wikipedia:94%  inference:6%
embalmers                  18  0.00283  wikipedia            wikipedia:67%  inference:33%
bodies                     17  0.00267  wikipedia            wikipedia:47%  inference:29%  onet_tasks:24%
principles                 17  0.00267  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:94%  wikipedia:6%
many                       17  0.00267  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
activities                 16  0.00251  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:56%  dwas:25%  inference:12%
modern                     16  0.00251  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
coffin                     16  0.00251  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
human                      15  0.00236  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:47%  wikipedia:33%  inference:20%
known                      15  0.00236  wikipedia            wikipedia:93%  onet_dimensions:7%
cases                      15  0.00236  wikipedia            wikipedia:93%  inference:7%
corpses                    14  0.00220  dwas                 dwas:71%  wikipedia:29%
anatomical                 14  0.00220  wikipedia            wikipedia:93%  inference:7%
preservation               14  0.00220  wikipedia            wikipedia:86%  inference:14%
practice                   14  0.00220  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
materials                  13  0.00204  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:77%  onet_tasks:8%  dwas:8%
control                    13  0.00204  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:92%  wikipedia:8%
medical                    13  0.00204  wikipedia            wikipedia:69%  dwas:15%  onet_dimensions:8%
preserved                  13  0.00204  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
blood                      12  0.00189  wikipedia            wikipedia:75%  onet_tasks:17%  inference:8%
services                   12  0.00189  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:50%  wikipedia:25%  inference:25%
includes                   12  0.00189  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
objects                    12  0.00189  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
embalm                     12  0.00189  dwas                 dwas:83%  wikipedia:17%