[Core] [49% incumbents] Negotiate shipping rates with freight carriers.
  DWAs: Negotiate financial arrangements.

[Core] [49% incumbents] Arrange for special transport of sensitive cargoes, such as livestock, food, or medical supplies.
  DWAs: Analyze shipping information to make routing decisions.

[Core] [49% incumbents] Arrange for applicable duties, taxes, or paperwork for customs clearance.
  DWAs: Prepare documentation for contracts, transactions, or regulatory compliance.

[Core] [49% incumbents] Inform clients of factors such as shipping options, timelines, transfers, or regulations affecting shipments.
  DWAs: Explain regulations, policies, or procedures.

[Core] [49% incumbents] Calculate weight, volume, or cost of goods to be moved.
  DWAs: Calculate shipping costs.

[Core] [49% incumbents] Determine efficient and cost-effective methods of moving goods from one location to another.
  DWAs: Analyze shipping information to make routing decisions.

[Core] [49% incumbents] Pay or arrange for payment of freight or insurance fees or other charges.
  DWAs: Execute sales or other financial transactions.

[Core] [49% incumbents] Obtain or arrange cargo insurance.
  DWAs: Arrange insurance coverage.

[Core] [49% incumbents] Verify proper packaging and labeling of exported goods.
  DWAs: Verify shipping documentation.

[Core] [49% incumbents] Verify adherence of documentation to customs, insurance, or regulatory requirements.
  DWAs: Examine documents to verify adherence to requirements.

[Supplemental] [49% incumbents] Review the environmental records of freight carriers to inform shipping decisions.
  DWAs: Analyze shipping information to make routing decisions.

[Core] [48% incumbents] Prepare shipping documentation, such as bills of lading, packing lists, dock receipts, or certificates of origin.
  DWAs: Prepare documentation for contracts, transactions, or regulatory compliance.

[Core] [48% incumbents] Complete customs paperwork.
  DWAs: Complete documentation required by programs or regulations.

[Core] [48% incumbents] Prepare invoices or cost quotations for freight transportation.
  DWAs: Prepare documentation for contracts, transactions, or regulatory compliance.

[Core] [48% incumbents] Select shipment routes, based on nature of goods shipped, transit times, or security needs.
  DWAs: Analyze shipping information to make routing decisions.

[Core] [48% incumbents] Arrange delivery or storage of goods at destinations.
  DWAs: Analyze shipping information to make routing decisions.

[Core] [48% incumbents] Arrange for transport, using a variety of modes, such as rail, short sea shipping, air, or roadways, to minimize carbon emissions or other environmental impacts.
  DWAs: Analyze shipping information to make routing decisions.

[Core] [48% incumbents] Monitor or record locations of goods in transit.
  DWAs: Track goods or materials.

[Core] [48% incumbents] Keep records of goods dispatched or received.
  DWAs: Record shipping information.

[Core] [48% incumbents] Reserve necessary space on ships, aircraft, trains, or trucks.
  DWAs: Coordinate shipping activities with external parties.

[Core] [48% incumbents] Consolidate loads with a common destination to reduce costs to individual shippers.
  DWAs: Identify opportunities to improve operational efficiency.

[Core] [48% incumbents] Provide detailed port information to importers or exporters.
  DWAs: Explain regulations, policies, or procedures.

[Core] [48% incumbents] Provide shipment status notification to exporters, consignees, or insurers.
  DWAs: Coordinate shipping activities with external parties.

[Core] [48% incumbents] Maintain current knowledge of relevant legislation, political situations, or other factors that could affect freight shipping.
  DWAs: Maintain current knowledge related to work activities.

[Supplemental] [48% incumbents] Recommend or arrange appropriate merchandise packing methods, according to climate, terrain, weight, nature of goods, or costs.
  DWAs: Recommend packing or shipping methods.

[Supplemental] [48% incumbents] Refer exporters to experts in areas such as trade financing, international marketing, government export requirements, international banking, or marine insurance.
  DWAs: Refer customers to appropriate personnel.

[Supplemental] [48% incumbents] Make arrangements with customs brokers to facilitate the passage of goods through customs.
  DWAs: Confer with others to conduct or arrange operational activities.

[Supplemental] [48% incumbents] Recommend shipping solutions to minimize cost or environmental impacts.
  DWAs: Recommend packing or shipping methods.

[Supplemental] [48% incumbents] Analyze shipping routes to determine how to minimize environmental impact.
  DWAs: Analyze shipping information to make routing decisions.

[Supplemental] [48% incumbents] Assist clients in obtaining insurance reimbursements.
  DWAs: Assist individuals with paperwork.

[Supplemental] [47% incumbents] Consider environmental sustainability factors when determining merchandise packing methods.
  DWAs: Recommend packing or shipping methods.

--- SKILLS ---
  Reading Comprehension (imp:3.75 lvl:3.25) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Monitoring (imp:3.50 lvl:3.12) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Active Listening (imp:3.38 lvl:3.38) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Critical Thinking (imp:3.38 lvl:3.38) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Writing (imp:3.25 lvl:3.12) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Speaking (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Active Learning (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Mathematics (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Learning Strategies (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Science (imp:1.00) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Transportation (imp:4.80 lvl:4.45) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Administrative (imp:4.59 lvl:5.69) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:4.51 lvl:5.56) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Administration and Management (imp:4.29 lvl:4.40) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  English Language (imp:4.25 lvl:4.22) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Computers and Electronics (imp:4.03 lvl:4.19) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Public Safety and Security (imp:3.90 lvl:3.46) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Geography (imp:3.87 lvl:4.24) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:3.76 lvl:3.37) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Mathematics (imp:3.59 lvl:4.31) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Telecommunications (imp:3.56 lvl:2.96) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Economics and Accounting (imp:3.51 lvl:3.99) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Communications and Media (imp:3.47 lvl:3.71) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Law and Government (imp:3.32 lvl:3.53) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Production and Processing (imp:3.13 lvl:3.86) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Sales and Marketing (imp:3.07 lvl:3.58) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Education and Training (imp:2.93 lvl:3.54) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Foreign Language (imp:2.86 lvl:2.84) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Psychology (imp:2.46 lvl:2.48) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Engineering and Technology (imp:2.04 lvl:1.93) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:2.04 lvl:1.93) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:2.02 lvl:2.78) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Design (imp:1.87 lvl:1.73) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Chemistry (imp:1.87) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Mechanical (imp:1.77 lvl:0.88) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  History and Archeology (imp:1.74) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Physics (imp:1.59) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Biology (imp:1.58) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Fine Arts (imp:1.58) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
  Building and Construction (imp:1.45 lvl:0.89) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.43) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Food Production (imp:1.33) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:1.29) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i

--- ABILITIES ---
  Oral Comprehension (imp:3.88 lvl:3.88) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Written Comprehension (imp:3.88 lvl:3.75) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Oral Expression (imp:3.88 lvl:3.88) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Information Ordering (imp:3.62 lvl:3.00) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:3.50 lvl:3.25) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Near Vision (imp:3.50 lvl:3.38) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Written Expression (imp:3.38 lvl:3.50) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:3.38 lvl:3.75) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Number Facility (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.12 lvl:2.88) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Perceptual Speed (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Speed of Closure (imp:3.00 lvl:2.75) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.00 lvl:3.38) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Visualization (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Selective Attention (imp:2.88 lvl:2.62) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Time Sharing (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Far Vision (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Originality (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Memorization (imp:2.75 lvl:2.62) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:2.50 lvl:2.25) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.25 lvl:2.00) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Finger Dexterity (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:1.88 lvl:1.12) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Depth Perception (imp:1.88 lvl:1.25) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Trunk Strength (imp:1.75 lvl:1.12) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Spatial Orientation (imp:1.62 lvl:0.88) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Manual Dexterity (imp:1.62 lvl:1.00) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Control Precision (imp:1.62 lvl:1.12) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Extent Flexibility (imp:1.62 lvl:1.00) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:1.50 lvl:0.88) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Response Orientation (imp:1.50 lvl:0.62) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Rate Control (imp:1.50 lvl:0.75) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Reaction Time (imp:1.50 lvl:0.88) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:1.50 lvl:0.75) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Static Strength (imp:1.50 lvl:0.88) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.50 lvl:0.75) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Stamina (imp:1.50 lvl:0.62) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:1.50 lvl:0.62) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Night Vision (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Sound Localization (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
  Dynamic Strength (imp:1.38 lvl:0.50) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:1.38 lvl:0.50) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Getting Information (imp:4.48 lvl:5.38) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:4.40 lvl:5.30) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:4.31 lvl:5.02) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Working with Computers (imp:4.27 lvl:4.90) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:4.24 lvl:5.12) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:4.08 lvl:4.85) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:4.08 lvl:5.15) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:4.06 lvl:4.71) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Thinking Creatively (imp:4.03 lvl:5.18) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:4.01 lvl:5.39) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Processing Information (imp:4.00 lvl:5.14) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:3.98 lvl:5.13) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:3.97 lvl:4.80) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:3.96 lvl:4.90) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:3.96 lvl:5.22) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:3.95 lvl:4.41) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:3.90 lvl:4.81) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:3.90 lvl:5.37) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:3.89 lvl:5.37) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:3.88 lvl:4.44) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:3.85 lvl:4.82) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:3.83 lvl:4.90) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:3.81 lvl:4.76) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:3.67 lvl:4.57) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:3.65 lvl:4.55) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:3.64 lvl:4.96) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:3.63 lvl:4.35) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:3.58 lvl:4.14) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:3.58 lvl:4.77) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:3.55 lvl:4.21) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:3.55 lvl:4.80) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:3.53 lvl:4.65) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:3.43 lvl:4.37) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:3.27 lvl:3.84) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:3.27 lvl:4.64) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:3.23 lvl:4.40) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:3.17 lvl:3.82) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:3.08 lvl:3.45) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:3.01 lvl:3.56) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:2.93 lvl:4.18) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:2.74 lvl:3.95) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Dependability (imp:4.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Attention to Detail (imp:3.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Dependability (imp:2.65) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.50) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Cautiousness (imp:2.14) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Integrity (imp:2.10) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Integrity (imp:2.00) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Perseverance (imp:1.77) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Adaptability (imp:1.75) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Achievement Orientation (imp:1.66) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Cooperation (imp:1.63) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Stress Tolerance (imp:1.61) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Initiative (imp:1.59) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Self-Confidence (imp:1.54) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Self-Control (imp:1.37) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:1.31) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Social Orientation (imp:1.18) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:1.17) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Leadership Orientation (imp:1.00) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Cautiousness (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Innovation (imp:0.89) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Sincerity (imp:0.76) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Optimism (imp:0.66) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Empathy (imp:0.41) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Humility (imp:0.29) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Achievement Orientation () — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Intellectual Curiosity () — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Coordination (imp:3.75 lvl:3.38) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Negotiation (imp:3.25 lvl:3.38) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Service Orientation (imp:3.25 lvl:3.12) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Time Management (imp:3.25 lvl:3.12) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Persuasion (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Systems Analysis (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Systems Evaluation (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Instructing (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:2.50 lvl:2.62) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:2.38 lvl:2.00) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Operations Monitoring (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Management of Material Resources (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Operations Analysis (imp:1.75 lvl:0.75) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Technology Design (imp:1.75 lvl:0.75) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Programming (imp:1.62 lvl:0.75) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:1.62 lvl:0.88) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Equipment Selection (imp:1.50 lvl:0.75) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Operation and Control (imp:1.50 lvl:0.75) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.50 lvl:0.75) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Troubleshooting (imp:1.50 lvl:0.88) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Repairing (imp:1.50 lvl:0.62) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 97,670
  annual_median    : $52,260
  annual_pct10     : $38,340
  annual_pct25     : $45,710
  annual_pct75     : $63,390
  annual_pct90     : $79,810
  annual_mean      : $57,230
  hourly_median    : $25.13

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : District of Columbia ($76,250)
  lowest_state     : Puerto Rico ($28,600)
  dispersion_ratio : 2.666x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (51 total) ---
  Transportation and Warehousing           emp:   89,580  median: $  52,260
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:    3,320  median: $  49,510
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:    2,420  median: $  53,320
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:      800  median: $  54,390
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:      780  median: $  60,520
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:      300  median: $  66,560
  Manufacturing                            emp:      160  median: $  58,080
  Retail Trade                             emp:       80  median: $  58,230

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (8 total) ---
  Transportation and Warehousing           emp:   89,580  median: $  52,260
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:    3,320  median: $  49,510
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:    2,420  median: $  53,320
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:      800  median: $  54,390
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:      780  median: $  60,520
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:      300  median: $  66,560
  Manufacturing                            emp:      160  median: $  58,080
  Retail Trade                             emp:       80  median: $  58,230

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Freight forwarder
match_score        : 0.9714
wikidata_qid       : Q840850
word_count         : 1,426
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freight_forwarder
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T22:28:07.727895Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
A freight forwarder or forwarding agent is a person or a company who co-ordinates and organizes the movement of shipments on behalf of a shipper (party that arranges an item for shipment) by liaising with carriers (party that transports goods). The carriers may use a variety of shipping modes, including ships, airplanes, trucks, and railroads, and often use multiple modes for a single shipment. A freight forwarder does not move the goods but acts as an agent in the logistics network and will carry out freight consolidation, rate negotiations, shipment tracking, customs and other documentation, among other tasks. FIATA describes a freight forwarder as the "architect of transport".  
International freight forwarders typically handle cross-border logistics and have additional expertise in preparing and processing customs documentation and performing activities pertaining to the regulations of different countries. Freight forwarders typically have information with respect to commercial invoice, shipper's export declaration, bill of lading and other documents required by the carrier or country of export, import, and/or transshipment.
Modern freight forwarders offer an end-to-end process i.e. shipping the goods from the place of origin to the final destination and may offer additional services such as warehouse planning, cargo insurance and customs brokerage. Together with tracking, freight forwarding agents often have real time information on the freight. Some forwarders may specialize in niche areas such as rail-freight, and collection and deliveries around a port. 


== History ==
The first international freight forwarders were innkeepers in London, England who held and re-forwarded the personal effects of their hotel guests in the early 1800s. One of the earliest freight forwarders was Thomas Meadows and Co. Ltd., established in 1836. With the increase in trade between Europe and United States, Meadows served as an intermediary to arrange for the transportation of freight from the manufacturers to customers through rail transport and steamships. The services were later expanded to cover consultative solutions and handling customs requirements.


== Definition ==
A freight forwarder is an entity who co-ordinates and organizes the movement of shipments on behalf of a shipper (party that arranges an item for shipment) by liaising with carriers. A carrier is an entity that transports goods for a fee, and may use a variety of shipping modes, including ships, airplanes, trucks, and railroads, including multiple modes for a single shipment. For example, the freight forwarder may arrange to have cargo moved from a plant to an airport by truck, flown to the destination city and then moved from the airport to a customer's building by another truck. 
A freight forwarder does not move the goods but acts as an agent in the logistics network and will carry out freight consolidation, rate negotiations, shipment tracking, customs and other documentation, among other tasks. International Federation of Freight Forwarders Associations (FIATA) describes a freight forwarder as the "architect of transport".  


== Functions and responsibilities ==
The original function of the forwarder was to arrange for carriage by contracting with various carriers. Forwarder responsibilities included advice on documentation and customs requirements in the country of destination. His correspondent agent overseas looked after his customers' goods and kept him informed about matters that would affect the movement of goods. Modern freight forwarders offer an end-to-end process i.e. shipping the goods from the place of origin to the final destination and may offer additional services such as warehouse planning, cargo insurance and customs brokerage. In a single transaction, the forwarder may be acting as a carrier (principal) or as an agent for his customer or both. Together with tracking, freight forwarding agents often have real time information on the freight. Some forwarders may specialize in niche areas such as rail-freight, and collection and deliveries around a port.
International freight forwarders typically handle cross-border logistics and have additional expertise in preparing and processing customs documentation and performing activities pertaining to the regulations of different countries. Freight forwarders typically have information with respect to commercial invoice, shipper's export declaration, bill of lading and other documents required by the carrier or country of export, import, and/or transshipment. Freight forwarders often charge a fee for the activity and might include transportation costs from factory and to delivery, freight charges, customs and other fees and documentation charges.


== Organizations ==

Modern freight forwarding organizations serve as pivotal entities in the facilitation of global trade, orchestrating the movement of goods across international borders. These organizations cater to diverse customers including business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), and consumer-to-consumer (C2C) requirements. These organizations have evolved significantly, transforming from managing a network  of contracted agents to corporations with a direct presence across countries. These organizations often have presence in multiple countries with larger entities having revenues running into billions of dollars. However, studies have noted a significant presence of small companies as well. The freight forwarding organizations have also undertaken diversification of revenue streams and has undergone digital transformation. Digital technologies such as barcodes, electronic data interchange, and enterprise resource planning have enhanced operational efficiency.
As per a 2023 report, the global freight forwarding market was valued at $201.6 billion in 2021 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 3.9% from 2022 to 2030, reaching $284 billion by 2030. United Parcel Service, DHL Group, FedEx, Maersk, and Deutsche Bahn are the largest freight companies by revenue. Cumulatively, the top ten companies generated a revenue of $538.8 billion in 2023.


== National variations ==
In Australia, most licensed Customs Clearance Agents operate under a freight forwarder. The entities are registered with the government with the licenses renewable every three years.
Transport Canada is the federal department responsible for implementing and enforcing transportation policies and programs with the Canada Border Services Agency responsible for enforcing most regulations that affect international freight forwarders. The Canadian International Freight Forwarders Association (CIFFA) was established in 1948 to support and protect the character, status, and interest of foreign freight forwarders by establishing uniform trade practice and regulations.
Federation of Freight Forwarders’ Associations in India is the apex body and the umbrella body of 28 associations across India representing 6,500 custom house agents, employing over 110,000 people.
With more than 82% of manufactured products being exported, freight forwarders are important contributors to the Irish economy. Associations including the Irish International Freight Association represent the industry through educational and representative roles.
In Kenya and Tanzania, freight forwarders are commonly referred to as clearing and forwarding agents. A license is required, which can be acquired from the respective revenue authorities. Freight forwarders are responsible for clearing consignments through customs, arranging transportation and forwarding the consignment to the consignee.
Freight-forwarding in Nigeria has been in place since the exporting of groundnut as a cash crop beginning in 1914, though not initially as freight forwarding but as the means of transportation of goods and services from one country to another. Following the method of their British, agents were used to facilitating the transport of goods and services.
Pakistan I

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: International Federation of Freight Forwarders Associations (similarity: 0.4675)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Federation_of_Freight_Forwarders_Associations
  QID: Q375349
  Extract: The FIATA International Federation of Freight Forwarders Associations is a non-governmental organisation representing freight forwarders worldwide. According to the FIATA Annual Report 2021, FIATA counted 109 Associations Members representing the freight forwarding industry within a territory and 59

  Title: Automated Export System (similarity: 0.1951)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated_Export_System
  QID: Q4826410
  Extract: The Automated Export System (AES) is the system used by U.S. exporters to electronically declare their international exports, known as Electronic Export Information (EEI), to the Census Bureau to help compile U.S. export and trade statistics. This information is also shared with the Bureau of Indust

  Title: Agent Orange (similarity: 0.4667)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agent_Orange
  QID: Q215946
  Extract: Agent Orange is a chemical herbicide and defoliant. During the Vietnam War, the United States Armed Forces along with the South Vietnamese military used it in Operation Ranch Hand (1962-1971), part of a broader herbicidal warfare campaign intended to deprive the People's Army of Vietnam/Viet Cong of

  Title: Biological agent (similarity: 0.1176)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_agent
  QID: Q2742406
  Extract: Biological agents, also known as biological weapons or bioweapons, are pathogens used as weapons. In addition to these living or replicating pathogens, toxins and biotoxins are also included among the bio-agents. More than 1,200 different kinds of potentially weaponizable bio-agents have been descri

  Title: Naval Criminal Investigative Service (similarity: 0.2963)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_Criminal_Investigative_Service
  QID: Q765854
  Extract: The United States Naval Criminal Investigative Service (NCIS) is the primary investigative law enforcement agency of the United States Department of the Navy. Its primary function is to investigate major criminal activities involving the Navy and Marine Corps. However, its broad mandate includes nat

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong data confidence due to detailed O*NET work activities, comprehensive wage data, clear job zone classification, and perfect Wikipedia match validating the occupation definition and scope.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T22:33:49.616934+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,609
tokens_output        : 4,333
cost_usd             : $0.047336
wikipedia_used       : True
wikipedia_title      : Freight forwarder
wikipedia_note       : The Wikipedia definition aligns perfectly with the O*NET description, confirming that freight forwarders coordinate shipment movements as intermediaries without directly moving goods themselves. The article emphasizes their role in liaising with carriers across multiple transportation modes.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Freight Forwarders coordinate and organize the movement of shipments on behalf of clients by researching rates, routings, and transportation modes while maintaining compliance with international cargo regulations. They serve as intermediaries between shippers and carriers, arranging additional services like storage and inland transportation. These professionals handle the complex logistics of moving goods across multiple transportation modes including ships, airplanes, trucks, and railroads.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
A freight forwarder begins their day by reviewing incoming shipment requests and calculating weight, volume, and costs for goods to be moved. They negotiate shipping rates with various freight carriers while determining the most efficient and cost-effective routing methods. Throughout the day, they arrange for special transport requirements such as livestock or medical supplies, ensuring proper packaging and labeling compliance. They coordinate applicable duties, taxes, and customs paperwork while verifying documentation meets regulatory requirements. The day includes frequent communication with clients to explain shipping options, timelines, and regulations, as well as arranging cargo insurance and processing payments for freight and insurance fees.

WHO THRIVES:
Successful freight forwarders possess strong conventional thinking abilities combined with enterprising traits, as indicated by their C:5.60, E:3.94 RIASEC profile, making them detail-oriented coordinators who can also negotiate and manage client relationships. They excel at information ordering and problem sensitivity, allowing them to navigate complex shipping regulations and identify potential issues before they arise. These professionals demonstrate high dependability and attention to detail, critical for managing time-sensitive shipments and regulatory compliance. Strong oral and written communication skills enable them to effectively liaise between multiple parties including shippers, carriers, customs officials, and clients across diverse geographic regions.

CAREER ENTRY:
Most freight forwarders enter the field with a bachelor's degree (43.7% of workers) though the role is accessible with a high school diploma (25.4%) or associate's degree (16.1%). The Job Zone 2 classification indicates that very little to some preparation is needed, making this an accessible entry point into the transportation and logistics industry. New entrants typically begin in entry-level positions where they learn transportation regulations, customs procedures, and develop proficiency with logistics software including Microsoft Office suite and SAP systems.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Freight forwarders can advance to specialized roles such as Export Freight Manager or Export Freight Specialist, eventually progressing to supervisory positions overseeing cargo operations. Career progression often leads toward customs brokerage, where professionals can leverage their regulatory knowledge and client relationships. Many experienced freight forwarders transition into logistics consulting, supply chain management, or establish their own freight forwarding companies, particularly given their extensive network of carrier relationships and deep understanding of international trade regulations.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
The freight forwarding industry employs 97,670 workers with a median annual wage of $52,260 according to BLS OEWS May 2025, with earnings ranging from $38,340 to $79,810 for the 10th to 90th percentiles. Geographic wage variation is significant, with District of Columbia offering the highest median wages at $76,250 compared to Puerto Rico's $28,600, representing a 2.67x ratio difference. Employment is heavily concentrated in Transportation and Warehousing (89,580 positions), with smaller but notable presence in Professional Services (3,320) and Management Companies (2,420). The role's dependence on global trade makes it sensitive to economic fluctuations and trade policy changes, but the increasing complexity of international commerce sustains consistent demand for these coordination services.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
Freight forwarding faces moderate automation risk as many core activities involve complex decision-making, relationship management, and regulatory interpretation that require human judgment. While routine tasks like rate calculations and documentation preparation may become more automated, the role's emphasis on negotiating with carriers, managing special cargo requirements, and navigating changing international regulations provides protection against full automation. The need for social perceptiveness and coordination skills in managing multiple stakeholders suggests continued human involvement in this profession.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [task_similarity] Cargo and Freight Agents (43-5011.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles share core transportation knowledge (4.8 importance) and engage in similar activities like arranging shipments and coordinating with carriers.
    data: Transportation knowledge importance 4.8
    data: Shared cargo coordination tasks
    data: Same SOC family 43-5011
  [knowledge_overlap] Customs Brokers (13-1041.08) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Strong overlap in regulatory knowledge and customs documentation requirements, with both roles requiring expertise in international trade compliance.
    data: Public Safety and Security knowledge 3.9
    data: Customs documentation verification tasks
    data: International regulations expertise
  [skill_overlap] Shipping, Receiving, and Inventory Clerks (43-5071.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Shared administrative skills (4.6 importance) and monitoring capabilities (3.5 importance) for tracking goods movement and documentation.
    data: Administrative knowledge 4.6 importance
    data: Monitoring skill 3.5
    data: Documentation verification tasks
  [riasec_cluster] Reservation and Transportation Ticket Agents and Travel Clerks (43-4181.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both roles exhibit Conventional-Enterprising RIASEC patterns involving customer service, scheduling, and coordination in transportation contexts.
    data: Conventional primary RIASEC code
    data: Customer service orientation
    data: Transportation industry focus
  [transferable_skill] Dispatchers, Except Police, Fire, and Ambulance (43-5032.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Coordination skills (3.8 importance) and time management abilities transfer directly between routing shipments and dispatching operations.
    data: Coordination skill 3.8 importance
    data: Time Management skill 3.2
    data: Scheduling work activities 4.1

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['freight forwarder', 'export coordinator', 'air cargo agent', 'shipping coordinator', 'freight agent', 'cargo coordinator', 'export clerk', 'freight analyst']
  exclude_keywords : ['customs broker', 'warehouse worker', 'truck driver', 'pilot', 'customs inspector']
  title_patterns   : ['*freight forwarder*', '*export*coordinator*', '*air*cargo*agent*', '*freight*analyst*', '*cargo*agent*']
  common_variations: ['freight forwarding agent', 'international freight coordinator', 'ocean freight forwarder', 'air freight specialist', 'export freight coordinator', 'domestic freight forwarder', 'freight forwarding specialist', 'cargo forwarding agent']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['freight', 'tendency', 'others', 'forwarders', 'shipping', 'goods', 'equipment', 'customs', 'international', 'transportation', 'activities', 'documentation', 'regulations', 'principles', 'services', 'forwarding', 'carriers', 'arrange', 'includes', 'agents']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
freight                    77  0.02054  wikipedia            wikipedia:75%  inference:18%  onet_tasks:6%
tendency                   42  0.01121  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
others                     39  0.01041  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:97%  dwas:3%
forwarders                 34  0.00907  wikipedia            wikipedia:82%  inference:18%
shipping                   30  0.00800  dwas                 dwas:50%  onet_tasks:27%  wikipedia:13%
goods                      28  0.00747  wikipedia            wikipedia:39%  onet_tasks:32%  onet_dimensions:14%
equipment                  23  0.00614  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
customs                    21  0.00560  wikipedia            wikipedia:52%  onet_tasks:24%  inference:19%
international              20  0.00534  wikipedia            wikipedia:70%  inference:20%  onet_tasks:10%
transportation             18  0.00480  wikipedia            wikipedia:50%  inference:39%  onet_tasks:6%
activities                 18  0.00480  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:50%  dwas:22%  wikipedia:22%
documentation              17  0.00454  wikipedia            wikipedia:41%  dwas:29%  onet_tasks:12%
regulations                16  0.00427  inference            inference:38%  wikipedia:25%  dwas:19%
principles                 16  0.00427  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
services                   16  0.00427  wikipedia            wikipedia:44%  onet_dimensions:38%  inference:19%
forwarding                 16  0.00427  wikipedia            wikipedia:81%  inference:19%
carriers                   14  0.00374  wikipedia            wikipedia:50%  inference:36%  onet_tasks:14%
arrange                    14  0.00374  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:50%  wikipedia:21%  dwas:14%
includes                   14  0.00374  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:86%  wikipedia:7%  inference:7%
agents                     13  0.00347  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
control                    12  0.00320  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
objects                    12  0.00320  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
body                       12  0.00320  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:83%  wikipedia:17%
forwarder                  12  0.00320  wikipedia            wikipedia:92%  inference:8%
decisions                  11  0.00294  dwas                 dwas:64%  onet_dimensions:27%  onet_tasks:9%
export                     11  0.00294  wikipedia            wikipedia:73%  inference:18%  onet_tasks:9%
procedures                 11  0.00294  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:73%  dwas:18%  inference:9%
materials                  11  0.00294  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:91%  dwas:9%
ideas                      11  0.00294  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
movement                   11  0.00294  wikipedia            wikipedia:55%  onet_dimensions:36%  inference:9%
transport                  10  0.00267  wikipedia            wikipedia:70%  onet_tasks:20%  inference:10%
moving                     10  0.00267  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:70%  inference:20%  onet_tasks:10%
insurance                  10  0.00267  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:50%  wikipedia:20%  inference:20%
requirements               10  0.00267  wikipedia            wikipedia:30%  inference:30%  onet_tasks:20%
shipment                   10  0.00267  wikipedia            wikipedia:60%  onet_tasks:20%  inference:20%
modes                      10  0.00267  wikipedia            wikipedia:60%  inference:30%  onet_tasks:10%
trade                      10  0.00267  wikipedia            wikipedia:60%  inference:30%  onet_tasks:10%
management                 10  0.00267  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:70%  inference:30%
techniques                 10  0.00267  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
performing                 10  0.00267  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:80%  wikipedia:20%