[Core] [63% incumbents] Obtain signatures and payments, or arrange for recipients to make payments.
  DWAs: Obtain written authorization to perform activities.

[Supplemental] [63% incumbents] Collect, seal, and stamp outgoing mail, using postage meters and envelope sealers.
  DWAs: Prepare outgoing mail.

[Core] [62% incumbents] Record information, such as items received and delivered and recipients' responses to messages.
  DWAs: Record shipping information.

[Core] [62% incumbents] Receive messages or materials to be delivered, and information on recipients, such as names, addresses, telephone numbers, and delivery instructions, communicated via telephone, two-way radio, or in person.
  DWAs: Relay information between personnel.

[Core] [62% incumbents] Load vehicles with listed goods, ensuring goods are loaded correctly and taking precautions with hazardous goods.
  DWAs: Load materials or equipment.

[Core] [62% incumbents] Sort items to be delivered according to the delivery route.
  DWAs: Sort mail.

[Core] [62% incumbents] Plan and follow the most efficient routes for delivering goods.
  DWAs: Analyze shipping information to make routing decisions.

[Core] [62% incumbents] Perform routine maintenance on delivery vehicles, such as monitoring fluid levels and replenishing fuel.
  DWAs: Maintain mechanical equipment.

[Core] [61% incumbents] Deliver and pick up medical records, lab specimens, and medications to and from hospitals and other medical facilities.
  DWAs: Deliver items.

[Core] [61% incumbents] Walk, ride bicycles, drive vehicles, or use public conveyances to reach destinations to deliver messages or materials.
  DWAs: Operate vehicles or material-moving equipment.

[Core] [61% incumbents] Check with home offices after completed deliveries to confirm deliveries and collections and to receive instructions for other deliveries.
  DWAs: Confer with coworkers to coordinate work activities.

[Supplemental] [61% incumbents] Use telephone to deliver verbal messages.
  DWAs: Provide notifications to customers or patrons.

[Core] [60% incumbents] Deliver messages and items, such as newspapers, documents, and packages, between establishment departments and to other establishments and private homes.
  DWAs: Deliver items.

[Core] [60% incumbents] Unload and sort items collected along delivery routes.
  DWAs: Unload materials or equipment.

[Supplemental] [58% incumbents] Perform general office or clerical work, such as filing materials, operating duplicating machines, or running errands.
  DWAs: Operate office equipment. | File documents or records.

--- SKILLS ---
  Active Listening (imp:3.25 lvl:2.88) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Speaking (imp:3.25 lvl:2.62) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Reading Comprehension (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Writing (imp:3.00 lvl:2.75) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Critical Thinking (imp:3.00 lvl:2.62) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Monitoring (imp:2.75 lvl:2.12) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Active Learning (imp:2.62 lvl:2.25) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Mathematics (imp:2.50 lvl:2.12) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Learning Strategies (imp:2.12 lvl:1.88) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Science (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:3.81 lvl:3.56) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Transportation (imp:3.80 lvl:3.25) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  English Language (imp:3.49 lvl:2.84) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Public Safety and Security (imp:2.40 lvl:1.98) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Administrative (imp:2.28 lvl:1.95) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Geography (imp:2.23 lvl:1.92) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Law and Government (imp:2.11 lvl:1.81) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:1.95 lvl:1.67) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Administration and Management (imp:1.86 lvl:1.73) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Computers and Electronics (imp:1.86 lvl:2.19) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Mathematics (imp:1.86 lvl:1.65) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Telecommunications (imp:1.75 lvl:0.88) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Production and Processing (imp:1.64 lvl:1.29) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Chemistry (imp:1.60 lvl:1.55) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Education and Training (imp:1.60 lvl:1.43) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Communications and Media (imp:1.60 lvl:1.30) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Sales and Marketing (imp:1.59 lvl:1.22) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:1.48 lvl:0.94) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Mechanical (imp:1.46 lvl:1.06) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Economics and Accounting (imp:1.43) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Psychology (imp:1.36 lvl:0.94) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Food Production (imp:1.27) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
  Physics (imp:1.22 lvl:0.45) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Design (imp:1.14) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Building and Construction (imp:1.11) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Biology (imp:1.09) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.09) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.09) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Foreign Language (imp:1.01) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Engineering and Technology (imp:1.00) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:1.00) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Fine Arts (imp:1.00) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
  History and Archeology (imp:1.00) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi

--- ABILITIES ---
  Oral Comprehension (imp:3.62 lvl:3.12) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Oral Expression (imp:3.62 lvl:3.00) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Written Comprehension (imp:3.25 lvl:3.00) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:3.25 lvl:3.12) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Near Vision (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Far Vision (imp:3.25 lvl:2.75) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.25 lvl:3.50) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Written Expression (imp:3.12 lvl:2.38) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:3.12 lvl:2.62) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Information Ordering (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.12 lvl:2.75) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Manual Dexterity (imp:3.12 lvl:2.75) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Finger Dexterity (imp:3.12 lvl:2.50) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.12 lvl:2.88) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:3.00 lvl:2.25) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Perceptual Speed (imp:3.00 lvl:2.62) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:3.00 lvl:2.62) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Control Precision (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Response Orientation (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Depth Perception (imp:3.00 lvl:2.62) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Selective Attention (imp:2.88 lvl:2.62) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Time Sharing (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Static Strength (imp:2.88 lvl:2.62) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Trunk Strength (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Spatial Orientation (imp:2.75 lvl:2.25) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Rate Control (imp:2.75 lvl:2.38) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Reaction Time (imp:2.75 lvl:2.25) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Stamina (imp:2.75 lvl:2.62) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Extent Flexibility (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:2.62 lvl:2.12) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:2.50 lvl:2.25) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.50 lvl:2.38) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Visualization (imp:2.38 lvl:2.12) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Dynamic Strength (imp:2.38 lvl:2.12) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Originality (imp:2.25 lvl:1.88) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:2.25 lvl:1.62) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:2.12 lvl:1.75) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:2.12 lvl:1.62) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Memorization (imp:2.12 lvl:1.88) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Peripheral Vision (imp:2.12 lvl:1.88) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Number Facility (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Night Vision (imp:2.00 lvl:1.38) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:1.88 lvl:1.00) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Sound Localization (imp:1.88 lvl:2.00) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.75 lvl:0.75) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.62 lvl:0.75) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Getting Information (imp:4.16 lvl:3.73) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:3.99 lvl:3.27) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:3.98 lvl:3.06) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:3.64 lvl:3.40) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:3.61 lvl:4.61) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:3.35 lvl:4.07) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:3.25 lvl:3.61) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:3.13 lvl:3.50) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:3.01 lvl:3.86) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:3.00 lvl:3.22) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:2.83 lvl:3.07) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:2.70 lvl:3.55) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:2.70 lvl:2.93) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Processing Information (imp:2.68 lvl:2.94) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:2.68 lvl:2.97) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:2.66 lvl:3.12) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:2.59 lvl:3.11) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:2.56 lvl:2.19) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:2.54 lvl:3.21) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:2.46 lvl:2.53) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:2.34 lvl:1.56) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:2.32 lvl:2.34) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:2.32 lvl:2.20) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:2.29 lvl:2.30) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Thinking Creatively (imp:2.09 lvl:2.25) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:2.08 lvl:2.13) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:2.01 lvl:1.56) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:1.87 lvl:2.13) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:1.85 lvl:1.33) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Working with Computers (imp:1.82) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:1.79) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:1.76 lvl:1.12) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:1.74 lvl:1.26) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:1.64 lvl:1.13) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:1.41) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:1.41) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:1.41) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:1.39) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:1.35) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:1.34) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:1.26) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Dependability (imp:2.56) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Attention to Detail (imp:1.84) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Integrity (imp:1.73) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Cautiousness (imp:1.38) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Social Orientation (imp:1.18) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Cooperation (imp:1.14) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Stress Tolerance (imp:1.14) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Perseverance (imp:1.12) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Dependability (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Adaptability (imp:0.99) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Control (imp:0.85) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Sincerity (imp:0.84) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Initiative (imp:0.72) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Optimism (imp:0.71) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Self-Confidence (imp:0.56) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Empathy (imp:0.56) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Humility (imp:0.37) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Achievement Orientation (imp:0.31) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Achievement Orientation () — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Intellectual Curiosity () — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Cautiousness () — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Attention to Detail () — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Integrity () — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:-0.21) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Innovation (imp:-0.24) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:-0.24) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Leadership Orientation (imp:-0.43) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Time Management (imp:3.25 lvl:2.75) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Service Orientation (imp:3.00 lvl:2.62) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:2.88 lvl:2.00) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:2.75 lvl:2.38) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Coordination (imp:2.75 lvl:2.38) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:2.62 lvl:2.38) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Operation and Control (imp:2.62 lvl:2.25) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Operations Monitoring (imp:2.50 lvl:2.12) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Persuasion (imp:2.38 lvl:1.75) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Negotiation (imp:2.12 lvl:1.75) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Systems Analysis (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Systems Evaluation (imp:2.00 lvl:1.62) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Instructing (imp:1.88 lvl:1.62) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Troubleshooting (imp:1.88 lvl:1.50) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:1.88 lvl:1.38) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:1.88 lvl:1.38) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.75 lvl:1.00) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:1.62 lvl:0.75) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Management of Material Resources (imp:1.62 lvl:0.62) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Operations Analysis (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Technology Design (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Equipment Selection (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Repairing (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Programming (imp:1.00) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 68,640
  annual_median    : $39,200
  annual_pct10     : $31,550
  annual_pct25     : $36,070
  annual_pct75     : $45,280
  annual_pct90     : $50,330
  annual_mean      : $40,970
  hourly_median    : $18.85

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : Nevada ($46,520)
  lowest_state     : Virgin Islands ($21,840)
  dispersion_ratio : 2.130x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (54 total) ---
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:   24,980  median: $  39,710
  Transportation and Warehousing           emp:   20,070  median: $  39,630
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:    5,760  median: $  36,620
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:    3,610  median: $  42,650
  Retail Trade                             emp:    2,740  median: $  36,400
  Finance and Insurance                    emp:    2,030  median: $  36,460
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:    1,990  median: $  38,780
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:    1,990  median: $  45,310
  Educational Services                     emp:    1,200  median: $  40,640
  Real Estate and Rental and Leasing       emp:      890  median: $  39,520

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (17 total) ---
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:   24,980  median: $  39,710
  Transportation and Warehousing           emp:   20,070  median: $  39,630
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:    5,760  median: $  36,620
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:    3,610  median: $  42,650
  Retail Trade                             emp:    2,740  median: $  36,400
  Finance and Insurance                    emp:    2,030  median: $  36,460
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:    1,990  median: $  38,780
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:    1,990  median: $  45,310
  Educational Services                     emp:    1,200  median: $  40,640
  Real Estate and Rental and Leasing       emp:      890  median: $  39,520

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : King's Messenger
match_score        : 0.6154
wikidata_qid       : Q7270035
word_count         : 1,101
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King's_Messenger
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T22:28:22.200723Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
The Corps of King's Messengers (or Corps of Queen's Messengers during the reign of a female monarch) are couriers employed by the British Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO). They hand-carry secret and important documents to British embassies, high commissions, and consulates around the world. Many King’s Messengers were retired Army personnel. Messengers generally travel in plain clothes in business class on scheduled airlines with their consignment. 
The safe passage of diplomatic baggage is guaranteed by Articles 27 and 36 of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, and for reasons of state secrecy, the diplomatic bag does not go through normal airport baggage checks and must not be opened, X-rayed, weighed, or otherwise investigated by customs of a foreign state, airline security staff or anyone else. The only exception is if there is serious evidence that it might contain materials prohibited or controlled by quarantine in the destination state. The King’s Messenger has the status of a diplomatic courier and cannot be detained by foreign governments. British diplomatic bags and King’s Messengers do not benefit from these immunities in the UK, and HMRC has the right to examine UK diplomatic bags. The messenger and the messenger's personal luggage can be required to go through normal security screening.


== History ==
The formal role and title ‘Royal Messenger’, whether to King or Queen, is most certainly evident within the retinues of the English monarchy, certainly extending back to the early 12th century. They were termed 'Nuncii' or 'Cursores', depending on whether they travelled by horse or foot, and were well paid. Their role was sufficiently important that individuals with this role can be identified in records from the reigns of kings John, Henry III, and the first three Edwards. They carried messages around England and to other countries on behalf of the government. They were the primary means for communication with local officials such as sheriffs and mayors and travelled in circuits so that the King and his staff had regular updates on the actions that had been commanded. They also sometimes transported money or valuables around the country. The number employed was between 30 and 60. 
A noted 15th-century King's Messenger was John Norman, who was appointed in 1485 by King Richard III to hand-deliver secret documents. During his exile, Charles II appointed four trusted men to convey messages to Royalist forces in England. As a sign of their authority, the King broke four silver greyhounds from a bowl familiar to royal courtiers, and gave one to each man. A silver greyhound thus became the symbol of the Service. On formal occasions, the King's Messengers wear this badge from a ribbon, and on less formal occasions male messengers wear ties with a discreet greyhound pattern while working.
In 1824 the messengers became a formal part of the UK Foreign Office.
The Queen's Messengers have a badge of office with the Sovereign's Royal Cypher with a silver greyhound below. Their badge has the motto Honi soit qui mal y pense meaning "shame on anyone who thinks evil of it". Their uniform was a dark blue jacket and waistcoat, grey trousers with scarlet outer seams, gilt buttons embossed with the Royal cypher encircled by the Crown and Garter, and a blue cloth cap. The badge would be suspended from the neck by a Garter blue riband. In practice they avoided wearing the uniform when travelling. 
The Queen's Messengers originally had a small salary of £60 and board wages of 7s 6d a day; when abroad they received an extra 5s 10d a day. The mileage allowance depended on the mode of transport: 6d a mile posting, 4d a mile by public conveyance and 2d a mile by sea. For computing their tax and superannuation pension their income was assessed at £400. They made this up by profits from mileage and other allowances, which gave them an income of about £800 a year. 
Lord Malmesbury, who was Foreign Secretary 1858-1859, attempted to revise their salary to £525 plus travel expenses without any other emoluments and reduced their number to 15. In 1859 Lord John Russell became Foreign Secretary and their salary was eventually settled at £400 a year with a £1 daily allowance when abroad (excluding departures) plus travel expenses, which came into force in 1861.
By 1892 they had been reduced to 10 Messengers and their annual income was estimated £550. Fewer Messengers were needed because of the greater use of rail travel in Europe with journeys "recurring on stated days of the month - and to certain capitals only - principally Paris, Berlin, Vienna, St. Petersburg, and Constantinople. These fixed journeys take from a fortnight to one month out and home, and are now performed entirely by railway."


== Modern day ==

Modern communications have diminished the role of the King's Messengers, but as original confidential documents still need to be conveyed securely between countries, their function remains valuable, but declining.
In 1995 a parliamentary question put the number of Messengers then at 27. The number in March 2015 was sixteen full-time and two part-time, and the departmental headcount was nineteen. In December 2015 an article in the Daily Express suggested that the Queen's Messenger service was "facing the chop by cost-cutting Foreign Office mandarins who see them as a legacy of a by-gone age". However the service continues, as part of the secure logistics operation of FCDO Services, part of the Foreign Office. As of 2026, there are 16 full-time King’s Messengers. 
The British Rail Class 67 diesel locomotive 67005 bears the name Queen's Messenger.
Following the accession of King Charles III, the Queen’s Messenger Service was officially renamed the King’s Messenger Service with approval from the Royal Household and the Cabinet Office in November 2022.


== See also ==
Diplomatic courier
BSAA Star Dust was carrying a King's Messenger at the time of its disappearance.
SS Berlin was carrying Mr Herbert, a King's Messenger, at the time of its sinking.
The Queen's Messenger (TV drama)


== References ==


== Further reading ==
Antrobus, George Pollock, and Cecil Hunt. King's Messenger, 1918-1940, Memoirs of a Silver Greyhound. London: H. Jenkins, 1941.
Bamber, Iain. From Pouch to Passport: A History of Kings & Queens Messenger Insignia. Mandurah, W.A.: DB Publishing, 2009.
Cady, Priscilla Scott. The English Royal Messengers Service, 1685-1750: An Institutional Study. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 1999.
O'Brien-Twohig, Michael. Diplomatic Courier. Elek Books, 1960.
Wheeler-Holohan, Vincent. The History of the King's Messengers. London: Grayson & Grayson, 1935.


== External links ==
Queen's Messenger Story 1952, British Pathe film, 7:42 mins. Can be viewed online
FCDO link for the Kings's Messengers

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Courier (similarity: 0.4667)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courier
  QID: Q848466
  Extract: A courier is a person or organization that delivers a message, package or letter from one place or person to another place or person. Typically, a courier provides their courier service on a commercial contract basis; however, some couriers are government or state agency employees.

  Title: Diplomatic courier (similarity: 0.3415)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplomatic_courier
  QID: Q3920978
  Extract: A diplomatic courier is an official who secures and transports diplomatic bags. Countries have utilized diplomatic couriers to handle important documents, artifacts and supplies between different countries since the 12th century. Following the 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, couriers

  Title: Messenger bag (similarity: 0.5000)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messenger_bag
  QID: Q890094
  Extract: A messenger bag is a type of sack, usually made of cloth. It is worn over one shoulder with a strap that goes across the chest resting the bag on the lower back. While messenger bags are sometimes used by couriers, they are now also an urban fashion icon. Some types of messenger bags are called carr

  Title: Courier Newsroom (similarity: 0.4615)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courier_Newsroom
  QID: Q85754398
  Extract: Courier Newsroom is an American digital media company that operates news outlets and sponsors political content intended to support Democratic Party candidates. It microtargets voters via social media advertising with the intention to both inform and persuade.

  Title: Courier (disambiguation) (similarity: 0.4255)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courier_(disambiguation)
  QID: Q394834
  Extract: A courier is a person, company or vehicle that transports mail and small items.

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong confidence based on comprehensive O*NET data including detailed task lists, robust wage data from BLS OEWS May 2025, and clear industry employment distribution. The occupation profile is well-defined with specific skill requirements and clear differentiation from related roles.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T22:34:49.511977+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,646
tokens_output        : 4,302
cost_usd             : $0.047254
wikipedia_used       : True
wikipedia_title      : King's Messenger
wikipedia_note       : The Wikipedia match references specialized diplomatic couriers who handle classified materials, representing the high-security end of the courier spectrum compared to the general commercial and organizational delivery focus of this occupation.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Couriers and messengers are transportation professionals who pick up and deliver messages, documents, packages, and other items between offices, departments, and business locations using various modes of transport including foot, bicycle, motorcycle, automobile, or public conveyance. They serve as critical links in organizational communication and logistics chains, ensuring timely and secure delivery of materials while maintaining detailed records of their activities. The role requires strong customer service skills, geographical knowledge, and reliable transportation coordination abilities.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
A typical day begins with receiving delivery assignments and organizing packages according to the most efficient routes, often using technology tools like Microsoft Excel for route planning and tracking. Throughout the day, couriers travel between locations using bicycles, motorcycles, or vehicles, carefully handling materials and ensuring proper documentation of deliveries and pickups. They interact with recipients to obtain signatures and payments, verify delivery addresses, and maintain detailed records of each transaction using systems like Microsoft Outlook. In healthcare settings, they may transport medical records, lab specimens, and medications between facilities, requiring extra attention to safety protocols. The day often includes routine vehicle maintenance, sorting incoming materials, and preparing outgoing mail with proper postage and sealing.

WHO THRIVES:
Individuals who excel as couriers and messengers typically possess strong conventional and realistic personality traits, enjoying structured, organized work environments with clear procedures and measurable outcomes. They demonstrate exceptional dependability and attention to detail, as highlighted by the role's emphasis on these work styles, understanding that timely and accurate delivery is critical to organizational operations. Success requires good physical coordination and stamina for handling materials and operating vehicles, combined with strong oral and written communication skills for interacting with customers and maintaining delivery documentation. Those who thrive appreciate the independence of working on delivery routes while maintaining the social interaction that comes with customer service responsibilities.

CAREER ENTRY:
Most courier and messenger positions require only a high school diploma or equivalent, with 74.3% of workers having this education level according to O*NET data. Entry typically involves on-the-job training to learn specific delivery routes, company procedures, and safety protocols, particularly for those handling medical materials or operating delivery vehicles. Some positions may require a valid driver's license and clean driving record, while specialized roles might benefit from post-secondary certificates in logistics or transportation. The Job Zone 2 classification indicates that very little to some preparation is needed, making this an accessible entry point into transportation and logistics careers.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Courier and messenger experience provides a foundation for advancement into supervisory roles within logistics operations, dispatch coordination, or transportation management positions. The strong customer service skills and geographical knowledge gained translate well to roles like postal service workers, shipping and receiving clerks, or driver/sales positions that combine delivery with sales responsibilities. Many professionals use this experience as a stepping stone into specialized transportation roles such as freight coordination, warehouse management, or even starting their own delivery service businesses. The combination of route planning, customer interaction, and operational efficiency skills developed in this role creates pathways into broader logistics and supply chain management careers.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
According to BLS OEWS May 2025 data, couriers and messengers earn a median annual wage of $39,200, with employment of 68,640 workers nationwide and a wage range from $31,550 to $50,330 (10th to 90th percentile). Geographic wage variation is significant, with Nevada offering the highest wages at $46,520 and Virgin Islands the lowest at $21,840, representing a 2.13x difference across locations. The largest employment sectors are Health Care and Social Assistance (24,980 workers), Transportation and Warehousing (20,070 workers), and Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services (5,760 workers), indicating strong demand in healthcare logistics and business services. The concentration in healthcare reflects the critical need for secure, timely transport of medical records, specimens, and medications between facilities.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
The courier and messenger role shows mixed automation vulnerability, with routine sorting and documentation tasks increasingly automated through digital tracking systems and route optimization software. However, the core activities of handling physical materials, navigating complex delivery locations, and providing personalized customer service interactions remain largely resistant to automation. The emphasis on interpersonal relationships, problem-solving in dynamic environments, and the physical dexterity required for safe package handling suggest continued human demand, particularly in specialized sectors like medical courier services.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [task_similarity] Postal Service Mail Carriers (43-5052.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles involve delivering mail and packages along established routes with similar physical demands and customer interaction requirements.
    data: Related occupation designation
    data: Shared delivery activities
    data: Similar transportation requirements
  [skill_overlap] Light Truck Drivers (53-3033.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both positions require vehicle operation skills, route planning abilities, and the physical coordination needed for loading and delivering materials.
    data: Operating Vehicles work activity (4.0 importance)
    data: Transportation knowledge (3.8 importance)
    data: Multilimb Coordination ability (3.2 importance)
  [knowledge_overlap] Shipping, Receiving, and Inventory Clerks (43-5071.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles share critical knowledge in transportation logistics, customer service, and administrative procedures for tracking and documenting shipments.
    data: Transportation knowledge (3.8 importance)
    data: Administrative knowledge (2.3 importance)
    data: Documenting/Recording Information activity (4.0 importance)
  [career_pathway] Dispatchers, Except Police, Fire, and Ambulance (43-5032.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Courier experience with route planning and communication provides natural progression to dispatcher roles coordinating multiple delivery operations.
    data: Related occupation designation
    data: Communication skills overlap
    data: Transportation coordination experience
  [riasec_cluster] Driver/Sales Workers (53-3031.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both roles combine conventional work preferences with realistic activities, emphasizing customer interaction and structured delivery processes.
    data: Conventional RIASEC score (5.07)
    data: Customer service focus
    data: Related occupation designation

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['courier', 'messenger', 'delivery', 'transport', 'pickup', 'route', 'package', 'document']
  exclude_keywords : ['postal', 'driver', 'sales', 'truck', 'warehouse']
  title_patterns   : ['courier', 'messenger', 'delivery person', 'runner', 'bicycle messenger']
  common_variations: ['bank courier', 'medical courier', 'bicycle messenger', 'document courier', 'package courier', 'office messenger', 'legal courier', 'lab courier']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['tendency', 'others', 'equipment', 'materials', 'messengers', 'messenger', 'king', 'delivery', 'principles', 'service', 'diplomatic', 'courier', 'includes', 'activities', 'couriers', 'control', 'objects', 'vehicles', 'handling', 'ideas']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
tendency                   42  0.01263  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
others                     38  0.01142  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
equipment                  28  0.00842  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:82%  dwas:18%
materials                  23  0.00692  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:43%  inference:30%  onet_tasks:13%
messengers                 21  0.00631  wikipedia            wikipedia:86%  inference:14%
messenger                  21  0.00631  wikipedia            wikipedia:86%  inference:14%
king                       18  0.00541  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
delivery                   16  0.00481  inference            inference:75%  onet_tasks:25%
principles                 16  0.00481  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
service                    15  0.00451  wikipedia            wikipedia:47%  inference:40%  onet_dimensions:13%
diplomatic                 15  0.00451  wikipedia            wikipedia:93%  inference:7%
courier                    15  0.00451  wikipedia            wikipedia:67%  inference:33%
includes                   13  0.00391  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:92%  inference:8%
activities                 13  0.00391  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:69%  dwas:15%  inference:15%
couriers                   13  0.00391  wikipedia            wikipedia:62%  inference:38%
control                    12  0.00361  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
objects                    12  0.00361  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
vehicles                   11  0.00331  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:36%  onet_tasks:27%  inference:27%
handling                   11  0.00331  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:45%  inference:45%  wikipedia:9%
ideas                      11  0.00331  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
procedures                 10  0.00301  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:80%  inference:20%
services                   10  0.00301  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:60%  inference:30%  wikipedia:10%
techniques                 10  0.00301  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
management                 10  0.00301  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:70%  inference:30%
foreign                    10  0.00301  wikipedia            wikipedia:80%  onet_dimensions:20%
body                       10  0.00301  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
monitoring                  9  0.00271  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  onet_tasks:11%
office                      9  0.00271  wikipedia            wikipedia:67%  onet_tasks:11%  onet_dimensions:11%
problems                    9  0.00271  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
customer                    9  0.00271  inference            inference:56%  onet_dimensions:44%
physical                    9  0.00271  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  inference:33%
needed                      9  0.00271  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:78%  wikipedia:11%  inference:11%
resources                   9  0.00271  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
performing                  9  0.00271  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  wikipedia:11%
actions                     9  0.00271  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  wikipedia:11%
quickly                     9  0.00271  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
hand                        9  0.00271  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:78%  wikipedia:22%
orientation                 9  0.00271  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
maintaining                 9  0.00271  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  inference:33%
queen                       9  0.00271  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%