[Core] [90% incumbents] Perform other clerical duties, such as answering telephone, sorting and distributing mail, running errands or sending faxes.
  DWAs: Sort mail. | Answer telephones to direct calls or provide information. | Distribute incoming mail.

[Core] [90% incumbents] Check completed work for spelling, grammar, punctuation, and format.
  DWAs: Proofread documents, records, or other files to ensure accuracy.

[Core] [90% incumbents] File and store completed documents on computer hard drive or disk, or maintain a computer filing system to store, retrieve, update, and delete documents.
  DWAs: Store records or related materials.

[Core] [90% incumbents] Transmit work electronically to other locations.
  DWAs: Operate computers or computerized equipment.

[Core] [90% incumbents] Type correspondence, reports, text and other written material from rough drafts, corrected copies, voice recordings, dictation, or previous versions, using a computer, word processor, or typewriter.
  DWAs: Type documents.

[Core] [90% incumbents] Gather, register, and arrange the material to be typed, following instructions.
  DWAs: Compile data or documentation.

[Core] [90% incumbents] Compute and verify totals on report forms, requisitions, or bills, using adding machine or calculator.
  DWAs: Calculate financial data. | Verify accuracy of financial or transactional data.

[Core] [90% incumbents] Electronically sort and compile text and numerical data, retrieving, updating, and merging documents as required.
  DWAs: Compile data or documentation. | Format digital documents, data, or images.

[Core] [90% incumbents] Adjust settings for format, page layout, line spacing, and other style requirements.
  DWAs: Format digital documents, data, or images.

[Core] [90% incumbents] Operate and resupply printers and computers, changing print wheels or fluid cartridges, adding paper, and loading blank tapes, cards, or disks into equipment.
  DWAs: Operate office equipment. | Maintain office equipment in proper operating condition.

[Supplemental] [90% incumbents] Manage schedules and set dates, times, and locations for meetings and appointments.
  DWAs: Schedule appointments.

[Core] [89% incumbents] Print and make copies of work.
  DWAs: Operate office equipment.

[Core] [89% incumbents] Address envelopes or prepare envelope labels, using typewriter or computer.
  DWAs: Type documents.

[Core] [89% incumbents] Keep records of work performed.
  DWAs: Maintain operational records.

[Core] [89% incumbents] Collate pages of reports and other documents.
  DWAs: Compile data or documentation.

[Core] [89% incumbents] Reformat documents, moving paragraphs or columns.
  DWAs: Format digital documents, data, or images.

[Core] [89% incumbents] Use data entry devices, such as optical scanners, to input data into computers for revision or editing.
  DWAs: Enter information into databases or software programs.

[Supplemental] [89% incumbents] Work with technical material, preparing statistical reports, planning and typing statistical tables, and combining and rearranging material from different sources.
  DWAs: Compile data or documentation. | Prepare research or technical reports.

[Core] [87% incumbents] Search for specific sets of stored, typed characters to make changes.
  DWAs: Search files, databases or reference materials to obtain needed information.

--- SKILLS ---
  Reading Comprehension (imp:3.50 lvl:3.50) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Active Listening (imp:3.25 lvl:3.12) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Writing (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Speaking (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Monitoring (imp:3.00 lvl:2.38) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Critical Thinking (imp:2.75 lvl:2.50) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Mathematics (imp:2.62 lvl:2.50) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Active Learning (imp:2.25 lvl:2.00) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Learning Strategies (imp:1.88 lvl:1.50) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Science (imp:1.00) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Administrative (imp:4.81 lvl:5.44) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  English Language (imp:4.26 lvl:4.18) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:4.19 lvl:4.38) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Computers and Electronics (imp:3.51 lvl:4.11) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Law and Government (imp:2.58 lvl:1.74) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Administration and Management (imp:2.42 lvl:2.28) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Mathematics (imp:2.18 lvl:1.86) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Communications and Media (imp:2.11 lvl:1.31) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Psychology (imp:2.07 lvl:1.99) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Telecommunications (imp:1.81 lvl:0.72) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Public Safety and Security (imp:1.74 lvl:0.90) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Education and Training (imp:1.73 lvl:1.13) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Economics and Accounting (imp:1.71 lvl:0.83) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:1.56 lvl:0.75) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Sales and Marketing (imp:1.45) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Foreign Language (imp:1.40) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Geography (imp:1.39) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Production and Processing (imp:1.31) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:1.29) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:1.20) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Mechanical (imp:1.19) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.15) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Transportation (imp:1.04) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  History and Archeology (imp:1.02) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Design (imp:1.01) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Biology (imp:1.01) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Food Production (imp:1.00) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
  Engineering and Technology (imp:1.00) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Building and Construction (imp:1.00) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Physics (imp:1.00) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Chemistry (imp:1.00) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Fine Arts (imp:1.00) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.00) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 

--- ABILITIES ---
  Near Vision (imp:4.00 lvl:4.00) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Written Comprehension (imp:3.75 lvl:3.62) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.50 lvl:3.25) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Oral Comprehension (imp:3.38 lvl:3.50) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Written Expression (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Oral Expression (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Information Ordering (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:3.12 lvl:3.88) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Perceptual Speed (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Finger Dexterity (imp:3.00 lvl:2.38) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Selective Attention (imp:2.88 lvl:2.38) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:2.62 lvl:2.62) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:2.50 lvl:2.38) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Visualization (imp:2.50 lvl:2.00) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:2.38 lvl:1.88) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Far Vision (imp:2.38 lvl:2.25) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Number Facility (imp:2.25 lvl:2.00) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Time Sharing (imp:2.25 lvl:1.88) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Manual Dexterity (imp:2.12 lvl:1.75) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Memorization (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:2.00 lvl:1.25) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Control Precision (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Trunk Strength (imp:2.00 lvl:1.62) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Originality (imp:1.88 lvl:1.75) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:1.88 lvl:1.75) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:1.62 lvl:1.12) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Dynamic Strength (imp:1.50 lvl:0.62) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Depth Perception (imp:1.38 lvl:0.50) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Response Orientation (imp:1.25 lvl:0.25) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Spatial Orientation (imp:1.00) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Rate Control (imp:1.00) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Reaction Time (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Static Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Stamina (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Extent Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:1.00) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:1.00) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Night Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Sound Localization (imp:1.00) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Working with Computers (imp:4.15 lvl:3.34) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:3.99 lvl:4.36) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:3.95 lvl:4.70) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:3.93 lvl:5.14) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:3.91 lvl:3.23) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:3.89 lvl:3.45) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Getting Information (imp:3.81 lvl:3.82) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Processing Information (imp:3.70 lvl:4.06) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:3.53 lvl:3.28) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:3.26 lvl:3.03) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:3.26 lvl:3.36) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:3.21 lvl:2.90) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:3.15 lvl:3.28) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:3.12 lvl:3.11) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:3.09 lvl:2.77) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:3.09 lvl:2.99) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:2.86 lvl:2.99) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:2.81 lvl:1.96) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Thinking Creatively (imp:2.73 lvl:2.96) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:2.71 lvl:2.66) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:2.68 lvl:1.76) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:2.65 lvl:2.64) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:2.63 lvl:2.70) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:2.49 lvl:2.01) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:2.47 lvl:1.86) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:2.42 lvl:1.96) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:2.38 lvl:2.46) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:2.34 lvl:1.51) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:2.33 lvl:1.76) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:2.29 lvl:2.09) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:2.23 lvl:1.57) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:2.18 lvl:1.86) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:2.13 lvl:1.99) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:2.10 lvl:2.20) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:2.03 lvl:1.10) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:1.69 lvl:1.02) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:1.62 lvl:0.69) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:1.61) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:1.56 lvl:0.94) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:1.49) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:1.43 lvl:0.49) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.77) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Dependability (imp:2.36) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Dependability (imp:2.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Integrity (imp:1.34) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Cautiousness (imp:1.29) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Attention to Detail (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Cooperation (imp:0.68) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Achievement Orientation (imp:0.59) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Self-Control (imp:0.51) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Stress Tolerance (imp:0.49) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Perseverance (imp:0.44) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Initiative (imp:0.14) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Sincerity (imp:0.11) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Self-Confidence (imp:0.10) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Adaptability (imp:0.01) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Achievement Orientation () — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Intellectual Curiosity () — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Cautiousness () — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Integrity () — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Humility (imp:-0.06) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Empathy (imp:-0.06) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Optimism (imp:-0.07) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:-0.17) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Social Orientation (imp:-0.27) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Innovation (imp:-0.34) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:-0.61) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Leadership Orientation (imp:-0.61) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Time Management (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Service Orientation (imp:2.88 lvl:2.50) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:2.62 lvl:2.50) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Coordination (imp:2.62 lvl:2.12) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:2.50 lvl:1.88) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:2.38 lvl:1.75) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Systems Analysis (imp:2.25 lvl:1.25) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Persuasion (imp:2.12 lvl:1.62) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Negotiation (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Systems Evaluation (imp:1.88 lvl:0.88) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:1.88 lvl:1.75) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Instructing (imp:1.75 lvl:1.25) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Technology Design (imp:1.75 lvl:0.88) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Programming (imp:1.75 lvl:0.88) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Operations Monitoring (imp:1.75 lvl:1.00) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Operations Analysis (imp:1.62 lvl:0.75) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Operation and Control (imp:1.62 lvl:0.88) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.62 lvl:0.62) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Management of Material Resources (imp:1.62 lvl:0.88) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Troubleshooting (imp:1.50 lvl:0.62) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:1.38 lvl:0.75) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Equipment Selection (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Repairing (imp:1.00) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 35,010
  annual_median    : $49,280
  annual_pct10     : $36,810
  annual_pct25     : $40,800
  annual_pct75     : $57,670
  annual_pct90     : $65,150
  annual_mean      : $51,120
  hourly_median    : $23.69

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : Colorado ($57,550)
  lowest_state     : Georgia ($31,450)
  dispersion_ratio : 1.830x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (38 total) ---
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:   16,000  median: $  49,330
  Educational Services                     emp:   12,010  median: $  48,820
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:    2,090  median: $  41,770
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:    1,880  median: $  49,900
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:    1,530  median: $  50,640
  Information                              emp:      560  median: $  29,310
  Finance and Insurance                    emp:      440  median: $  48,540
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:      100  median: $  46,320
  Real Estate and Rental and Leasing       emp:      100  median: $  42,140
  Retail Trade                             emp:       40  median: $  43,610

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (11 total) ---
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:   16,000  median: $  49,330
  Educational Services                     emp:   12,010  median: $  48,820
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:    2,090  median: $  41,770
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:    1,880  median: $  49,900
  Health Care and Social Assistance        emp:    1,530  median: $  50,640
  Information                              emp:      560  median: $  29,310
  Finance and Insurance                    emp:      440  median: $  48,540
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:      100  median: $  46,320
  Real Estate and Rental and Leasing       emp:      100  median: $  42,140
  Retail Trade                             emp:       40  median: $  43,610

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Word processor
match_score        : 0.6829
wikidata_qid       : Q54277
word_count         : 4,115
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_processor
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T22:31:51.001681Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
A word processor (WP) is a device or computer program that provides for input, editing, formatting, and output of text, often with some additional features.
Early word processors were stand-alone devices dedicated to the function, but current word processors are primarily word processor programs running on general purpose computers, including smartphones, tablets, laptops, and desktop computers, with dedicated hardware word processors being confined to a small niche market.
The functions of a word processor program are typically between those of a simple text editor and a desktop publishing program. Many word processing programs have gained advanced features over time providing similar functionality to desktop publishing programs.
Common word processor programs include LibreOffice Writer, Google Docs and Microsoft Word.


== Background ==
Word processors developed from mechanical machines, later merging with computer technology. The history of word processing is the story of the gradual automation of the physical aspects of writing and editing, and then to the refinement of the technology to make it available to corporations and Individuals.
The term word processing appeared in American offices in the early 1970s centered on the idea of streamlining the work to typists, but the meaning soon shifted toward the automation of the whole editing cycle.
At first, the designers of word processing systems combined existing technologies with emerging ones to develop stand-alone equipment, creating a new business distinct from the emerging world of the personal computer.  The concept of word processing arose from the more general data processing, which since the 1950s had been the application of computers to business administration.
Through history, there have been three types of word processors: mechanical, electronic and software.


== Mechanical word processing ==
The first word processing device (a "Machine for Transcribing Letters" that appears to have been similar to a typewriter) was patented in 1714 by Henry Mill for a machine that was capable of "writing so clearly and accurately you could not distinguish it from a printing press". More than a century later, another patent appeared in the name of William Austin Burt for the typographer. In the late 19th century, Christopher Latham Sholes created the first recognizable typewriter, which was described as a "literary piano".
The only "word processing" these mechanical systems could perform was to change where letters appeared on the page, to fill in spaces that were previously left on the page, or to skip over lines. It was not until decades later that the introduction of electricity and electronics into typewriters began to help the writer with the mechanical part. The term "word processing" (translated from the German word Textverarbeitung) itself was possibly created in the 1950s by Ulrich Steinhilper, a German IBM typewriter sales executive, or by an American electro-mechanical typewriter executive, George M. Ryan, who obtained a trademark registration in the USPTO for the phrase.  However, it did not make its appearance in 1960s office management or computing literature (an example of grey literature), though many of the ideas, products, and technologies to which it would later be applied were already well known. Nonetheless, by 1971, the term was recognized by the New York Times as a business "buzz word". Word processing paralleled the more general "data processing", or the application of computers to business administration.
Thus, by 1972, the discussion of word processing was common in publications devoted to business office management and technology; by the mid-1970s, the term would have been familiar to any office manager who consulted business periodicals.


== Electromechanical and electronic word processing ==
By the late 1960s, IBM had developed the IBM MT/ST (Magnetic Tape/Selectric Typewriter).  It was a model of the IBM Selectric typewriter from earlier in 1961, but it came built into its own desk, integrated with magnetic tape recording and playback facilities along with controls and a bank of electrical relays. The MT/ST automated word wrap, but it had no screen.  This device allowed a user to rewrite text that had been written on another tape, and it also allowed limited collaboration in the sense that a user could send the tape to another person to let them edit the document or make a copy.  It was a revolution for the word processing industry.  In 1969, the tapes were replaced by magnetic cards. These memory cards were inserted into an extra device that accompanied the MT/ST, able to read and record users' work.
Throughout the 1960s and 70s, word processing began to slowly shift from glorified typewriters augmented with electronic features to become fully computer-based (although only with single-purpose hardware) with the development of several innovations.  Just before the arrival of the personal computer (PC), IBM developed the floppy disk.  In the 1970s, the first proper word-processing systems appeared, which allowed display and editing of documents on CRT screens.
During this era, these early stand-alone word processing systems were designed, built, and marketed by several pioneering companies. Linolex Systems was founded in 1970 by James Lincoln and Robert Oleksiak. Linolex based its technology on microprocessors, floppy drives and software.  It was a computer-based system for application in the word processing businesses and it sold systems through its own sales force. With a base of installed systems in over 500 sites, Linolex Systems sold 3 million units in 1975 — a year before the Apple computer was released.
At that time, the Lexitron Corporation also produced a series of dedicated word-processing microcomputers. Lexitron was the first to use a full-sized video display screen (CRT) in its models by 1978. Lexitron also used 51⁄4 inch floppy diskettes, which became the standard in the personal computer field. The program disk was inserted in one drive, and the system booted up. The data diskette was then put in the second drive. The operating system and the word processing program were combined in one file.
Another of the early word processing adopters was Vydec, which created in 1973 the first modern text processor, the "Vydec Word Processing System". It had built-in multiple functions like the ability to share content by diskette and print it. The Vydec Word Processing System sold for $12,000 at the time, (about $60,000 adjusted for inflation).
The Redactron Corporation (organized by Evelyn Berezin in 1969) designed and manufactured editing systems, including correcting/editing typewriters, cassette and card units, and eventually a word processor called the Data Secretary. The Burroughs Corporation acquired Redactron in 1976.
A CRT-based system by Wang Laboratories became one of the most popular systems of the 1970s and early 1980s. The Wang system displayed text on a CRT screen, and incorporated virtually every fundamental characteristic of word processors as they are known today. While early computerized word processor systems were often expensive and hard to use (that is, like the computer mainframes of the 1960s), the Wang system was a true office machine, affordable to organizations such as medium-sized law firms, and easily mastered and operated by secretarial staff.
The phrase "word processor" rapidly came to refer to CRT-based machines similar to Wang's. Numerous machines of this kind emerged, typically marketed by traditional office-equipment companies such as IBM, Lanier (AES Data machines - re-badged), CPT, and NBI. All were specialized, dedicated, proprietary systems, with prices in the $10,000 range. Cheap general-purpose personal computers were still the domain of hobbyists.


== Japanese word processor devices ==
In Japan, even though typewriters with Japanese writing system had been used for businesses and  governments, they were limited to specialists 

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: WordPerfect (similarity: 0.4211)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WordPerfect
  QID: Q174757
  Extract: WordPerfect (WP) is a word processing application, now owned by Corel. At the height of its popularity in the 1980s and early 1990s, it was the market leader of word processors, displacing the previous market leader, WordStar.

  Title: Words per minute (similarity: 0.3721)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Words_per_minute
  QID: Q569389
  Extract: Words per minute is a measure of words processed in a minute, often used as a measurement of the speed of typing, reading or Morse code sending and receiving.

  Title: WordStar (similarity: 0.3429)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WordStar
  QID: Q1435134
  Extract: WordStar is a discontinued word processor application for microcomputers. It was published by MicroPro International and originally written for the CP/M-80 operating system (OS), with later editions added for MS-DOS and other 16-bit PC OSes. Rob Barnaby was the sole author of the early versions of t

  Title: Typing (similarity: 0.2424)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typing
  QID: Q3215756
  Extract: Typing is the process of entering or inputting text by pressing keys on a typewriter, computer keyboard, mobile phone, or calculator. It can be distinguished from other means of text input, such as handwriting and speech recognition; text can be in the form of letters, numbers and other symbols. The

  Title: Specialist (rank) (similarity: 0.2727)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specialist_(rank)
  QID: Q1434096
  Extract: Specialist is a military rank in some countries' armed forces. Two branches of the United States Armed Forces use the rank. It is one of the four junior enlisted ranks in the United States Army, above private (PVT), private (PV2), and private first class and is equivalent in pay grade to corporal; i

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong data foundation with detailed task descriptions, comprehensive skill profiles, and robust wage statistics from BLS OEWS May 2025. The occupation is well-defined with clear boundaries and extensive related occupation mappings.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T22:48:56.255561+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,611
tokens_output        : 4,215
cost_usd             : $0.046047
wikipedia_used       : True
wikipedia_title      : Word processor
wikipedia_note       : The Wikipedia entry focuses on word processing technology and software rather than the occupation itself. The semantic neighbors provide additional context about typing speed measurement and historical word processing applications.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Word Processors and Typists are administrative professionals who transform rough drafts, corrected copies, and voice recordings into polished documents using word processing software and computers. They serve as the backbone of document production across government, educational, and business environments, ensuring accuracy in formatting, spelling, and grammar. These specialists combine traditional typing skills with modern technology proficiency to support organizational communication and record-keeping needs.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
A typical day involves typing correspondence, reports, and forms from various source materials while maintaining strict attention to detail for spelling, grammar, and formatting accuracy. They spend considerable time working with computers using software like Microsoft Office, organizing and prioritizing multiple document requests throughout the day. Much of their work involves communicating with supervisors and colleagues to clarify requirements and establish document priorities. They also perform supporting clerical duties including answering phones, sorting mail, filing completed documents in computer systems, and operating office equipment like printers. Quality control is continuous as they proofread all work before transmission and maintain organized filing systems for document retrieval.

WHO THRIVES:
Individuals who excel in this role possess exceptional attention to detail and can maintain accuracy while working at pace, as evidenced by the critical importance of near vision and wrist-finger speed abilities. They are naturally dependable and cautious workers who take pride in producing error-free documents and meeting deadlines consistently. Strong conventional personality types who prefer structured work environments and clear procedures will find satisfaction in the organized nature of document processing. The role suits people with solid reading comprehension and written expression skills who can interpret source materials accurately and transform them into professional communications.

CAREER ENTRY:
Most positions require only a high school diploma, with 49.6% of workers entering with this credential and 45.5% having some college coursework according to education distribution data. Entry-level workers typically learn word processing software and office procedures through on-the-job training, building proficiency with tools like Microsoft Office Suite and Adobe Acrobat. The Job Zone 2 classification indicates that very little to some preparation is needed, making this an accessible entry point into administrative careers. Prior experience with typing, basic computer skills, or clerical work provides an advantage but is not strictly required.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
This role serves as a foundation for advancement into higher-level administrative positions such as office clerks, document management specialists, or specialized transcription roles like medical transcriptionists. Workers often develop expertise in specific industries or document types, potentially leading to roles in legal offices, medical facilities, or government agencies. The transferable skills in time management, service orientation, and computer proficiency open pathways to supervisory administrative positions or specialized clerical roles. Some may transition into related fields like bookkeeping, reception work, or advance to become administrative assistants with expanded responsibilities.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
The occupation employs 35,010 workers nationwide with a median annual wage of $49,280 according to BLS OEWS May 2025 data, ranging from $36,810 to $65,150 across experience levels. Geographic wage variation is significant, with Colorado offering the highest wages at $57,550 compared to Georgia's $31,450, representing a 1.83x difference. Government sectors provide the largest employment base with 16,000 positions, followed by educational services at 12,010 workers, indicating stable demand in public sector environments. The concentrated employment in government and education suggests consistent, recession-resistant opportunities, though technological automation may gradually impact long-term demand for basic typing functions.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
Medium automation risk exists as basic document typing and formatting tasks are increasingly automated through speech-to-text technology and advanced word processing features. However, the role's emphasis on human judgment for proofreading, quality control, and complex formatting requirements provides protection against full automation in the near term.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [skill_overlap] Data Entry Keyers (43-9021.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles share critical computer operation skills and require high levels of attention to detail for accurate data input.
    data: Working with Computers (imp:4.2)
    data: Attention to Detail (imp:2.8)
    data: Near Vision (imp:4.0)
  [task_similarity] Office Clerks, General (43-9061.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both perform administrative activities, answer phones, and organize paperwork as core job functions.
    data: Performing Administrative Activities (imp:3.9)
    data: Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:4.0)
    data: answering telephone, sorting and distributing mail
  [skill_overlap] Medical Transcriptionists (31-9094.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles require transcription from voice recordings and strong written comprehension abilities.
    data: Speech Recognition (imp:3.5)
    data: Written Comprehension (imp:3.8)
    data: voice recordings, dictation
  [task_similarity] Proofreaders and Copy Markers (43-9081.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both occupations focus heavily on checking documents for spelling, grammar, and format accuracy.
    data: Check completed work for spelling, grammar, punctuation, and format
    data: Written Expression (imp:3.2)
  [knowledge_overlap] Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks (43-3031.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both roles utilize administrative knowledge and involve computing totals and verifying numerical data accuracy.
    data: Administrative (imp:4.8)
    data: Compute and verify totals on report forms
    data: using adding machine or calculator

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['word processor', 'typist', 'typing', 'transcription', 'document preparation', 'clerical typing', 'data entry typing', 'correspondence typing']
  exclude_keywords : ['medical transcriptionist', 'court reporter', 'stenographer', 'legal secretary', 'executive assistant']
  title_patterns   : ['Word Processor', 'Typist', 'Clerk Typist', 'Document Processor', 'Typing Clerk']
  common_variations: ['Word Processing Specialist', 'Document Typist', 'Administrative Typist', 'Correspondence Clerk', 'Text Processor', 'Keyboard Operator', 'Data Transcriber', 'Office Typist']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['word', 'processing', 'processors', 'tendency', 'others', 'personal', 'dedicated', 'equipment', 'computers', 'software', 'processor', 'computer', 'documents', 'text', 'machines', 'japanese', 'office', 'principles', 'control', 'materials']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
word                      139  0.02821  wikipedia            wikipedia:94%  inference:4%  onet_dimensions:1%
processing                 64  0.01299  wikipedia            wikipedia:84%  inference:9%  onet_dimensions:6%
processors                 46  0.00933  wikipedia            wikipedia:96%  onet_dimensions:2%  inference:2%
tendency                   42  0.00852  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
others                     38  0.00771  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
personal                   36  0.00730  wikipedia            wikipedia:83%  onet_dimensions:17%
dedicated                  36  0.00730  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
equipment                  32  0.00649  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:72%  dwas:12%  wikipedia:9%
computers                  31  0.00629  wikipedia            wikipedia:71%  onet_dimensions:13%  onet_tasks:6%
software                   31  0.00629  wikipedia            wikipedia:74%  inference:13%  onet_dimensions:10%
processor                  28  0.00568  wikipedia            wikipedia:96%  onet_tasks:4%
computer                   27  0.00548  wikipedia            wikipedia:63%  onet_tasks:15%  onet_dimensions:11%
documents                  18  0.00365  dwas                 dwas:33%  onet_tasks:28%  wikipedia:17%
text                       18  0.00365  wikipedia            wikipedia:83%  onet_tasks:11%  inference:6%
machines                   17  0.00345  wikipedia            wikipedia:59%  onet_dimensions:41%
japanese                   17  0.00345  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
office                     16  0.00325  wikipedia            wikipedia:44%  inference:31%  dwas:19%
principles                 16  0.00325  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
control                    14  0.00284  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:86%  inference:14%
materials                  14  0.00284  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:71%  dwas:14%  inference:14%
programs                   14  0.00284  wikipedia            wikipedia:64%  onet_dimensions:29%  dwas:7%
devices                    13  0.00264  wikipedia            wikipedia:54%  onet_dimensions:38%  onet_tasks:8%
business                   13  0.00264  wikipedia            wikipedia:85%  onet_dimensions:8%  inference:8%
production                 13  0.00264  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:62%  wikipedia:31%  inference:8%
technology                 13  0.00264  wikipedia            wikipedia:46%  onet_dimensions:31%  inference:23%
writing                    12  0.00244  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:50%  wikipedia:50%
includes                   12  0.00244  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
functions                  12  0.00244  wikipedia            wikipedia:75%  onet_dimensions:17%  inference:8%
ideas                      12  0.00244  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:92%  wikipedia:8%
objects                    12  0.00244  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
typewriter                 11  0.00223  wikipedia            wikipedia:82%  onet_tasks:18%
management                 11  0.00223  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:64%  wikipedia:18%  inference:18%
features                   11  0.00223  wikipedia            wikipedia:82%  onet_dimensions:9%  inference:9%
mechanical                 11  0.00223  wikipedia            wikipedia:55%  onet_dimensions:45%
body                       11  0.00223  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:91%  wikipedia:9%
program                    11  0.00223  wikipedia            wikipedia:91%  onet_dimensions:9%
operating                  11  0.00223  wikipedia            wikipedia:64%  onet_dimensions:18%  dwas:9%
early                      11  0.00223  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
market                     11  0.00223  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
printing                   11  0.00223  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%