[Core] [66% incumbents] Position text and art elements from a variety of databases in a visually appealing way to design print or web pages, using knowledge of type styles and size and layout patterns.
  DWAs: Format digital documents, data, or images.

[Core] [66% incumbents] Check preliminary and final proofs for errors and make necessary corrections.
  DWAs: Proofread documents, records, or other files to ensure accuracy.

[Core] [66% incumbents] Select number of colors and determine color separations.
  DWAs: Select resources needed to accomplish tasks.

[Core] [66% incumbents] Convert various types of files for printing or for the Internet, using computer software.
  DWAs: Format digital documents, data, or images.

[Core] [66% incumbents] Edit graphics and photos, using pixel or bitmap editing, airbrushing, masking, or image retouching.
  DWAs: Format digital documents, data, or images.

[Core] [66% incumbents] Enter data, such as coordinates of images and color specifications, into system to retouch and make color corrections.
  DWAs: Enter information into databases or software programs.

[Supplemental] [66% incumbents] Store copies of publications on paper, magnetic tape, film, or diskette.
  DWAs: Store records or related materials.

[Core] [65% incumbents] Operate desktop publishing software and equipment to design, lay out, and produce camera-ready copy.
  DWAs: Format digital documents, data, or images.

[Core] [65% incumbents] Enter text into computer keyboard and select the size and style of type, column width, and appropriate spacing for printed materials.
  DWAs: Enter information into databases or software programs. | Format digital documents, data, or images.

[Core] [65% incumbents] Prepare sample layouts for approval, using computer software.
  DWAs: Format digital documents, data, or images.

[Core] [65% incumbents] Import text and art elements, such as electronic clip art or electronic files from photographs that have been scanned or produced with a digital camera, using computer software.
  DWAs: Operate computers or computerized equipment.

[Supplemental] [65% incumbents] Transmit, deliver, or mail publication master to printer for production into film and plates.
  DWAs: Deliver items. | Send information, materials or documentation.

[Core] [64% incumbents] View monitors for visual representation of work in progress and for instructions and feedback throughout process, making modifications as necessary.
  DWAs: Monitor operational quality or safety.

[Supplemental] [64% incumbents] Collaborate with graphic artists, editors and writers to produce master copies according to design specifications.
  DWAs: Confer with coworkers to coordinate work activities.

[Supplemental] [64% incumbents] Create special effects such as vignettes, mosaics, and image combining, and add elements such as sound and animation to electronic publications.
  DWAs: Format digital documents, data, or images.

[Supplemental] [64% incumbents] Load floppy disks or tapes containing information into system.
  DWAs: Operate computers or computerized equipment.

[Core] [63% incumbents] Study layout or other design instructions to determine work to be done and sequence of operations.
  DWAs: Read work orders to determine material or setup requirements.

[Core] [63% incumbents] Enter digitized data into electronic prepress system computer memory, using scanner, camera, keyboard, or mouse.
  DWAs: Enter information into databases or software programs.

--- SKILLS ---
  Reading Comprehension (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Critical Thinking (imp:3.75 lvl:3.88) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Active Listening (imp:3.50 lvl:3.75) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Speaking (imp:3.50 lvl:3.62) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Writing (imp:3.12 lvl:3.62) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Active Learning (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Monitoring (imp:3.00 lvl:3.50) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Learning Strategies (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Mathematics (imp:2.00 lvl:2.12) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Science (imp:1.00) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Computers and Electronics (imp:3.96 lvl:4.75) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Communications and Media (imp:3.61 lvl:4.36) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  English Language (imp:3.39 lvl:3.85) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Administrative (imp:2.83 lvl:3.71) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Production and Processing (imp:2.76 lvl:2.94) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Design (imp:2.56 lvl:2.56) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Mathematics (imp:2.50 lvl:2.94) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Education and Training (imp:2.21 lvl:2.30) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Fine Arts (imp:2.15 lvl:2.23) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:2.09 lvl:1.98) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Administration and Management (imp:2.07 lvl:2.53) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Sales and Marketing (imp:1.82 lvl:1.49) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Psychology (imp:1.67 lvl:1.34) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:1.50 lvl:1.24) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Geography (imp:1.46 lvl:0.87) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Law and Government (imp:1.44 lvl:0.94) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Telecommunications (imp:1.41 lvl:0.60) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.37) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Public Safety and Security (imp:1.37 lvl:0.45) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:1.34) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  History and Archeology (imp:1.30) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:1.26) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Foreign Language (imp:1.21) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.19) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Economics and Accounting (imp:1.18) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Transportation (imp:1.17) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Engineering and Technology (imp:1.10) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Mechanical (imp:1.10) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Chemistry (imp:1.06) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Physics (imp:1.05) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Food Production (imp:1.03) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
  Building and Construction (imp:1.03) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Biology (imp:1.03) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd

--- ABILITIES ---
  Near Vision (imp:4.12 lvl:4.12) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Information Ordering (imp:4.00 lvl:3.88) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Originality (imp:3.88 lvl:3.88) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Visualization (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Written Comprehension (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:3.75 lvl:3.75) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Oral Comprehension (imp:3.62 lvl:4.00) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Written Expression (imp:3.62 lvl:3.75) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:3.62 lvl:3.25) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.62 lvl:3.62) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:3.62 lvl:4.00) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:3.50 lvl:3.62) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Perceptual Speed (imp:3.50 lvl:3.00) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Oral Expression (imp:3.12 lvl:3.88) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Selective Attention (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.12 lvl:3.62) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.00 lvl:3.62) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Far Vision (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Time Sharing (imp:2.62 lvl:2.50) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Finger Dexterity (imp:2.62 lvl:2.62) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Memorization (imp:2.50 lvl:2.00) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Number Facility (imp:2.38 lvl:2.00) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.38 lvl:2.62) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:2.38 lvl:2.50) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Manual Dexterity (imp:2.38 lvl:2.50) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Control Precision (imp:2.38 lvl:2.38) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:2.12 lvl:1.88) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Depth Perception (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:1.88 lvl:1.00) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Trunk Strength (imp:1.88 lvl:1.50) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Auditory Attention (imp:1.88 lvl:1.50) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Dynamic Strength (imp:1.75 lvl:0.88) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Spatial Orientation (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Response Orientation (imp:1.50 lvl:1.00) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Rate Control (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Stamina (imp:1.50 lvl:0.62) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Extent Flexibility (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Night Vision (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Sound Localization (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
  Reaction Time (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Static Strength (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Working with Computers (imp:4.47 lvl:4.59) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Getting Information (imp:4.33 lvl:3.86) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Thinking Creatively (imp:4.15 lvl:4.72) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:3.92 lvl:4.82) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:3.92 lvl:4.75) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:3.92 lvl:3.86) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:3.80 lvl:3.91) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Processing Information (imp:3.65 lvl:3.08) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:3.64 lvl:2.91) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:3.51 lvl:2.55) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:3.47 lvl:4.35) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:3.41 lvl:4.16) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:3.40 lvl:3.60) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:3.34 lvl:3.79) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:3.33 lvl:3.61) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:3.20 lvl:3.31) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.09 lvl:2.25) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:3.07 lvl:2.60) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:3.06 lvl:3.22) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:2.96 lvl:2.70) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:2.88 lvl:2.34) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:2.85 lvl:2.83) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:2.83 lvl:2.67) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:2.80 lvl:2.35) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:2.79 lvl:2.53) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:2.52 lvl:1.59) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:2.49 lvl:1.88) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:2.48 lvl:2.53) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:2.47 lvl:2.23) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:2.45 lvl:2.54) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:2.45 lvl:2.37) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:2.34 lvl:2.24) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:2.28 lvl:1.62) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:2.22 lvl:2.30) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:2.21 lvl:1.87) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:2.20 lvl:2.16) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:2.19 lvl:2.41) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:2.11 lvl:1.54) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:1.93 lvl:1.47) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:1.79) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:1.31) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.77) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Dependability (imp:2.22) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Dependability (imp:2.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Innovation (imp:1.10) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Cautiousness (imp:1.06) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Attention to Detail (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Achievement Orientation (imp:0.93) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Perseverance (imp:0.88) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Adaptability (imp:0.81) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Stress Tolerance (imp:0.70) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Cooperation (imp:0.55) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Integrity (imp:0.55) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:0.53) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Self-Confidence (imp:0.52) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Self-Control (imp:0.39) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Initiative (imp:0.19) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Sincerity (imp:0.09) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Achievement Orientation () — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Intellectual Curiosity () — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Cautiousness () — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Integrity () — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:-0.07) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Optimism (imp:-0.07) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Empathy (imp:-0.12) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Social Orientation (imp:-0.14) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Leadership Orientation (imp:-0.38) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility (imp:-0.42) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:3.62 lvl:3.00) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:3.12 lvl:3.62) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Time Management (imp:3.12 lvl:3.50) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Coordination (imp:2.88 lvl:3.38) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Service Orientation (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Operations Analysis (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Instructing (imp:2.75 lvl:3.62) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Systems Analysis (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Persuasion (imp:2.62 lvl:2.88) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Programming (imp:2.62 lvl:2.62) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Systems Evaluation (imp:2.62 lvl:2.75) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Negotiation (imp:2.50 lvl:2.75) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:2.50 lvl:2.38) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Operations Monitoring (imp:2.38 lvl:1.88) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Operation and Control (imp:2.00 lvl:1.38) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:2.00 lvl:1.75) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Management of Material Resources (imp:2.00 lvl:1.62) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Technology Design (imp:1.88 lvl:1.75) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Troubleshooting (imp:1.75 lvl:1.25) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Equipment Selection (imp:1.62 lvl:1.62) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Repairing (imp:1.62 lvl:1.25) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.50 lvl:1.00) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 3,350
  annual_median    : $55,290
  annual_pct10     : $35,680
  annual_pct25     : $43,730
  annual_pct75     : $73,840
  annual_pct90     : $96,170
  annual_mean      : $61,970
  hourly_median    : $26.58

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : Colorado ($77,750)
  lowest_state     : Nebraska ($36,280)
  dispersion_ratio : 2.143x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (27 total) ---
  Information                              emp:    1,650  median: $  53,790
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:      360  median: $  61,660
  Educational Services                     emp:      230  median: $  51,790
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:      210  median: $  43,920
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:      150  median: $  71,050
  Manufacturing                            emp:      140  median: $  57,500
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:      130  median: $  49,340
  Finance and Insurance                    emp:      120  median: $  69,080
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:      120  median: $  64,630
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:      100  median: $  58,500

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (11 total) ---
  Information                              emp:    1,650  median: $  53,790
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:      360  median: $  61,660
  Educational Services                     emp:      230  median: $  51,790
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:      210  median: $  43,920
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:      150  median: $  71,050
  Manufacturing                            emp:      140  median: $  57,500
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:      130  median: $  49,340
  Finance and Insurance                    emp:      120  median: $  69,080
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:      120  median: $  64,630
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:      100  median: $  58,500

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Desktop publishing
match_score        : 0.8333
wikidata_qid       : Q188610
word_count         : 2,479
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_publishing
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T22:32:05.323550Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
Desktop publishing (DTP) is the creation of documents using dedicated software on a personal ("desktop") computer. It was first used almost exclusively for print publications, but now it also assists in the creation of various forms of online content. Desktop publishing software can generate page layouts and produce text and image content comparable to the simpler forms of traditional typography and printing. This technology allows individuals, businesses, and other organizations to self-publish a wide variety of content, from menus to magazines to books, without the expense of commercial printing.
Desktop publishing often requires the use of a personal computer and WYSIWYG page layout software to create documents for either large-scale publishing or small-scale local printing and distribution –  although non-WYSIWYG systems such as TeX and LaTeX are also used, especially in scientific publishing. Originally, desktop publishing methods provided more control over design, layout, and typography than word processing software but the latter has evolved to include most, if not all, capabilities previously available only with dedicated desktop publishing software.
The same DTP skills and software used for common paper and book publishing are sometimes used to create graphics for point of sale displays, presentations, infographics, brochures, business cards, promotional items, trade show exhibits, retail package designs and outdoor signs.


== History ==
Desktop publishing was first developed at Xerox PARC in the 1970s. A contradictory claim states that desktop publishing began in 1983 with a program developed by James Davise at a community newspaper in Philadelphia. The program Type Processor One ran on a PC using a graphics card for a WYSIWYG display and was offered commercially by Best Info in 1984. Desktop typesetting with only limited page makeup facilities arrived in 1978–1979 with the introduction of TeX, and was extended in 1985 with the introduction of LaTeX. 
The desktop publishing market took off in 1985 with the introduction in January of the Apple LaserWriter laser printer for the year-old Apple Macintosh personal computer. 
This momentum was kept up with the release that July of PageMaker software from Aldus, which rapidly became the standard software application for desktop publishing. With its advanced layout features, PageMaker immediately relegated word processors like Microsoft Word to the composition and editing of purely textual documents. Word did not begin to acquire desktop publishing features until a decade later, and by 2003, it was regarded only as "good" and not "great" at desktop publishing tasks.  The term "desktop publishing" is attributed to Aldus founder Paul Brainerd, who sought a marketing catchphrase to describe the small size and relative affordability of this suite of products, in contrast to the expensive commercial phototypesetting equipment of the day. 
Ventura Publisher was one of the first popular desktop publishing packages for IBM PC compatible computers, typically running MS-DOS, in 1986. The software was originally developed by Ventura Software.  The first version of Ventura Publisher was released in 1986 with worldwide distribution by Xerox. Ventura Publisher allowed file sizes large enough for magazine type publications through a chapter capability, in addition to flyers and brochures. One advantage to IBM-PC computer users was the ability of Ventura Publisher to interface directly with word processors such as WordPerfect, WordStar, and early versions of Microsoft Word. This allowed editing of documents to take place in the native word-processing program. Changes made in Ventura were saved back to that program as well. Eventually, as Corel Corporation bought Ventura Publisher and simultaneously, the Microsoft Office suite of applications became more powerful –  especially with the inclusion of Microsoft Publisher. Many organizations transitioned from purpose-built software like Ventura Publisher to Microsoft's Word and Publisher and Office software applications, to save money and synchronize business applications across an enterprise.
Before the advent of desktop publishing, the only option available to most people for producing typed documents (as opposed to handwritten documents) was a typewriter, which offered only a handful of typefaces (usually fixed-width) and one or two font sizes. Indeed, one popular desktop publishing book was titled The Mac is Not a Typewriter, and it had to actually explain how a Mac could do so much more than a typewriter. The ability to create WYSIWYG page layouts on screen and then print pages containing text and graphical elements at 300 dpi resolution was a major development for the personal computer industry. The ability to do all this with industry standards like PostScript also radically changed the traditional publishing industry, which at the time was accustomed to buying end-to-end turnkey solutions for digital typesetting which came with their own proprietary hardware workstations. Newspapers and other print publications began to transition to DTP-based programs from older layout systems such as Atex and other programs in the early 1980s.
Desktop publishing was still in its early stage in the early 1980s. Users of the PageMaker/LaserWriter/Macintosh 512K system endured frequent software crashes, Mac's low-resolution 512x342 1-bit monochrome screen, the inability to control letter spacing, kerning, and other typographic features, and the discrepancies between screen display and printed output. However, it was an unheard-of combination at the time, and was received with considerable acclaim.
Behind the scenes, technologies developed by Adobe Systems set the foundation for professional desktop publishing applications. The LaserWriter and LaserWriter Plus printers included scalable Adobe PostScript fonts built into their ROM memory. The LaserWriter's PostScript capability allowed publication designers to proof files on a local printer, then print the same file at DTP service bureaus using optical resolution 600+ ppi PostScript printers such as those from Linotronic. 
Later, the Macintosh II was released, which was considerably more suitable for desktop publishing due to its greater expandability, support for large color multi-monitor displays, and its SCSI storage interface (which allowed hard drives to be attached to the system). Macintosh-based systems continued to dominate the market into 1986, when the GEM-based Ventura Publisher was introduced for MS-DOS computers. PageMaker's pasteboard metaphor closely simulated the process of creating layouts manually, but Ventura Publisher automated the layout process through its use of tags and style sheets and automatically generated indices and other body matter. This made it particularly suitable for the creation of manuals and other long-format documents.
Desktop publishing moved into the home market in 1986 with Professional Page for the Amiga, Publishing Partner (now PageStream) for the Atari ST, GST's Timeworks Publisher on the PC and Atari ST, and Calamus for the Atari TT030. Software was published even for 8-bit computers like the Apple II and Commodore 64: Home Publisher, The Newsroom, and geoPublish. 
During its early years, desktop publishing acquired a bad reputation as a result of untrained users who created poorly organized, unprofessional-looking "ransom note effect" layouts.  (Similar criticism was leveled again against early World Wide Web publishers a decade later.) However, some desktop publishers who mastered the programs were able to achieve near professional results. Desktop publishing skills were considered of primary importance in career advancement in the 1980s, but increased accessibility to more user-friendly DTP software has made DTP a secondary skill to art direction, graphic design, multimedia development, marketing communications, and administrative careers. DTP skill levels range from what may be

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Acorn Archimedes (similarity: 0.1765)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acorn_Archimedes
  QID: Q41357
  Extract: The Acorn Archimedes is a family of personal computers designed by Acorn Computers of Cambridge, England. The systems in this family use Acorn's own ARM architecture processors and initially ran the Arthur operating system, with later models introducing RISC OS and, in a separate workstation range, 

  Title: Advertising (similarity: 0.3448)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising
  QID: Q37038
  Extract: Advertising is the practice and techniques employed to bring attention to a product or service. Advertising aims to present a product or service in terms of utility, advantages, and qualities of interest to consumers. It is typically used to promote a specific good or service, but there is a wide ra

  Title: Targeted advertising (similarity: 0.2632)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targeted_advertising
  QID: Q1628411
  Extract: Targeted advertising or data-driven marketing is a form of advertising, including online advertising, that is directed towards an audience with certain traits, based on the product or person the advertiser is promoting.

  Title: Online advertising (similarity: 0.3333)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_advertising
  QID: Q624902
  Extract: Online advertising, also known as online marketing, Internet advertising, digital advertising or web advertising, is a form of marketing and advertising that uses the Internet to promote products and services to audiences and users across digital platforms. Online advertising includes email marketin

  Title: Surrogate advertising (similarity: 0.2564)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogate_advertising
  QID: Q7646874
  Extract: Surrogate advertising or Surrogate marketing is a form of advertising which is used to promote products which are banned or limited from advertising under government regulations, such as cigarettes and alcohol via advertising another product produced by the same company in order to raise brand aware

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong confidence based on comprehensive O*NET data, clear Wikipedia match, specific wage data from BLS, and detailed task descriptions that clearly define the occupation's scope and requirements.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T22:49:50.096978+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,507
tokens_output        : 3,988
cost_usd             : $0.044035
wikipedia_used       : True
wikipedia_title      : Desktop publishing
wikipedia_note       : The Wikipedia entry confirms that desktop publishing involves creating documents using dedicated software on personal computers, originally for print but now including online content creation. This aligns with the O*NET data showing high computer usage and both print and web layout responsibilities.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Desktop Publishers format typography and graphic elements using computer software to produce publication-ready materials for print and digital media. They combine technical proficiency in design software with creative layout skills to transform raw content into polished publications. These professionals work primarily in information industries, publishing companies, and marketing departments to create visually appealing documents, magazines, brochures, and web content.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
Desktop Publishers spend their days positioning text and art elements from various databases to create visually appealing layouts for print or web pages using specialized software. They check preliminary and final proofs for errors and make necessary corrections, ensuring accuracy before publication. Much of their time involves editing graphics and photos using pixel editing, airbrushing, masking, and image retouching techniques. They convert various file types for printing or internet use, enter data such as image coordinates and color specifications into systems for retouching and color corrections. They also prepare sample layouts for approval using computer software and operate desktop publishing equipment to produce camera-ready copy.

WHO THRIVES:
Individuals who excel as Desktop Publishers possess strong attention to detail and dependability, as evidenced by the work styles data showing these as top characteristics. They have excellent near vision abilities and strong information ordering skills, allowing them to organize complex visual elements effectively. Creative professionals with originality and visualization abilities thrive in this role, as they must think creatively while working with computers extensively. Those with strong reading comprehension and critical thinking skills succeed, as they must understand content requirements and make design decisions that enhance readability and visual appeal.

CAREER ENTRY:
Most Desktop Publishers enter the field with a high school diploma (44.3%) or bachelor's degree (38.7%), with some having associate's degrees (11.1%). Job Zone 3 classification indicates medium preparation is needed, typically involving some vocational training or on-the-job experience with desktop publishing software. Entry-level positions often require familiarity with Adobe Creative Suite applications, particularly InDesign, Photoshop, and Illustrator, along with basic understanding of design principles and typography.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Desktop Publishers can advance to senior design roles, becoming Graphic Designers or Web and Digital Interface Designers with additional training and portfolio development. Some transition into editorial roles as Editors or specialize in prepress operations as Prepress Technicians. Career progression may also lead to supervisory positions overseeing publication production teams or freelance consulting for multiple clients across various industries.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
Desktop Publishing employment totals 3,350 nationally with a median annual wage of $55,290 according to BLS OEWS May 2025 data. Wages range from $35,680 at the 10th percentile to $96,170 at the 90th percentile, showing significant earning potential with experience. Geographic variation is notable, with Colorado offering the highest wages at $77,750 compared to Nebraska's $36,280, a 2.14x difference. The Information industry employs the most Desktop Publishers (1,650), followed by Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services (360) and Educational Services (230). The small workforce size suggests a specialized niche role with concentrated opportunities in specific industries and geographic markets.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
Desktop Publishers face moderate automation risk as AI tools increasingly handle basic layout tasks and template generation. However, the high importance of creative thinking (4.2 importance, 4.7 level) and originality in their work activities provides protection against automation. The role's emphasis on visual design judgment, client communication, and complex problem-solving for unique layout challenges maintains human value in the workflow.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [skill_overlap] Graphic Designers (27-1024.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles share high creativity requirements and use identical software tools including Adobe Creative Suite applications.
    data: Shared Adobe Creative Cloud software
    data: Both require Originality ability (3.9)
    data: Similar Design knowledge requirements
  [task_similarity] Proofreaders and Copy Markers (43-9081.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both occupations involve checking preliminary and final proofs for errors and making necessary corrections.
    data: Shared proofreading tasks
    data: Both require Reading Comprehension skills
    data: Similar attention to detail work styles
  [knowledge_overlap] Web and Digital Interface Designers (15-1255.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both require strong Computers and Electronics knowledge and Communications and Media expertise for digital content creation.
    data: Computers and Electronics knowledge (4.0 importance)
    data: Communications and Media knowledge (3.6 importance)
    data: Web content creation tasks
  [career_pathway] Prepress Technicians and Workers (51-5111.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Desktop Publishers often advance to prepress roles, sharing file preparation and color separation responsibilities.
    data: Color separation tasks
    data: File conversion activities
    data: Production and Processing knowledge overlap
  [riasec_cluster] Editors (27-3041.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both roles exhibit Conventional and Artistic RIASEC patterns, requiring attention to detail and creative expression.
    data: Conventional (5.70) and Artistic (4.24) RIASEC codes
    data: English Language knowledge requirements
    data: Written comprehension abilities

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['desktop publisher', 'desktop publishing', 'DTP operator', 'computer compositor', 'digital publisher', 'document design', 'layout specialist', 'typesetter']
  exclude_keywords : ['graphic designer', 'web developer', 'editor', 'prepress technician', 'printer']
  title_patterns   : ['Desktop Publish*', 'DTP *', 'Computer Compositor', 'Digital Publish*', 'Document Design*']
  common_variations: ['Desktop Publishing Specialist', 'Desktop Publishing Associate', 'DTP Operator', 'Computer Publisher', 'Digital Publishing Specialist', 'Document Design Specialist', 'Desktop Operator', 'Computer Typesetter']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['publishing', 'desktop', 'software', 'tendency', 'others', 'design', 'equipment', 'digital', 'layout', 'documents', 'computer', 'advertising', 'dtp', 'pages', 'principles', 'computers', 'applications', 'word', 'control', 'materials']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
publishing                 52  0.01273  wikipedia            wikipedia:88%  inference:10%  onet_tasks:2%
desktop                    51  0.01249  wikipedia            wikipedia:76%  inference:22%  onet_tasks:2%
software                   47  0.01151  wikipedia            wikipedia:66%  inference:13%  onet_tasks:9%
tendency                   42  0.01028  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
others                     39  0.00955  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:97%  wikipedia:3%
design                     28  0.00686  wikipedia            wikipedia:46%  onet_dimensions:21%  inference:18%
equipment                  28  0.00686  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:82%  dwas:7%  onet_tasks:4%
digital                    26  0.00637  wikipedia            wikipedia:62%  dwas:27%  inference:8%
layout                     20  0.00490  wikipedia            wikipedia:70%  inference:20%  onet_tasks:10%
documents                  20  0.00490  wikipedia            wikipedia:45%  dwas:40%  inference:10%
computer                   19  0.00465  wikipedia            wikipedia:42%  onet_tasks:26%  onet_dimensions:16%
advertising                19  0.00465  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
dtp                        18  0.00441  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
pages                      17  0.00416  wikipedia            wikipedia:88%  onet_tasks:6%  inference:6%
principles                 17  0.00416  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:94%  inference:6%
computers                  16  0.00392  wikipedia            wikipedia:50%  onet_dimensions:25%  dwas:12%
applications               16  0.00392  wikipedia            wikipedia:69%  onet_dimensions:25%  inference:6%
word                       16  0.00392  wikipedia            wikipedia:88%  onet_dimensions:12%
control                    16  0.00392  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:75%  wikipedia:25%
materials                  14  0.00343  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:71%  dwas:14%  onet_tasks:7%
text                       13  0.00318  wikipedia            wikipedia:69%  onet_tasks:23%  inference:8%
images                     13  0.00318  dwas                 dwas:54%  wikipedia:38%  onet_tasks:8%
paper                      13  0.00318  wikipedia            wikipedia:92%  onet_tasks:8%
includes                   13  0.00318  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:92%  wikipedia:8%
personal                   13  0.00318  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:46%  wikipedia:46%  inference:8%
programs                   13  0.00318  wikipedia            wikipedia:46%  onet_dimensions:31%  dwas:23%
format                     13  0.00318  dwas                 dwas:54%  wikipedia:38%  inference:8%
techniques                 12  0.00294  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:83%  wikipedia:8%  inference:8%
processing                 12  0.00294  wikipedia            wikipedia:67%  onet_dimensions:33%
marketing                  12  0.00294  wikipedia            wikipedia:75%  onet_dimensions:17%  inference:8%
objects                    12  0.00294  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
publisher                  12  0.00294  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
elements                   11  0.00269  wikipedia            wikipedia:45%  onet_tasks:27%  inference:27%
production                 11  0.00269  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:73%  onet_tasks:9%  wikipedia:9%
ideas                      11  0.00269  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
activities                 11  0.00269  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:82%  dwas:9%  inference:9%
body                       11  0.00269  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:91%  wikipedia:9%
wysiwyg                    11  0.00269  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
printing                   10  0.00245  wikipedia            wikipedia:80%  onet_tasks:10%  inference:10%
enter                      10  0.00245  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:30%  dwas:30%  inference:20%