[Supplemental] [53% incumbents] Typeset and measure dimensions, spacing, and positioning of page elements, such as copy and illustrations, to verify conformance to specifications, using printer's ruler or layout software.
  DWAs: Proofread documents, records, or other files to ensure accuracy.

[Core] [52% incumbents] Mark copy to indicate and correct errors in type, arrangement, grammar, punctuation, or spelling, using standard printers' marks.
  DWAs: Proofread documents, records, or other files to ensure accuracy.

[Core] [52% incumbents] Read corrected copies or proofs to ensure that all corrections have been made.
  DWAs: Proofread documents, records, or other files to ensure accuracy.

[Core] [52% incumbents] Correct or record omissions, errors, or inconsistencies found.
  DWAs: Proofread documents, records, or other files to ensure accuracy.

[Core] [52% incumbents] Compare information or figures on one record against same data on other records, or with original copy, to detect errors.
  DWAs: Verify accuracy of financial or transactional data.

[Core] [52% incumbents] Route proofs with marked corrections to authors, editors, typists, or typesetters for correction or reprinting.
  DWAs: Coordinate operational activities.

[Core] [52% incumbents] Consult reference books or secure aid of readers to check references with rules of grammar and composition.
  DWAs: Search files, databases or reference materials to obtain needed information.

[Core] [52% incumbents] Archive documents, conduct research, and read copy, using the internet and various computer programs.
  DWAs: Search information sources to find specific data. | File documents or records.

[Core] [52% incumbents] Write original content, such as headlines, cutlines, captions, and cover copy.
  DWAs: Report news to the public.

[Supplemental] [52% incumbents] Read proof sheets aloud, calling out punctuation marks and spelling unusual words and proper names.
  DWAs: Proofread documents, records, or other files to ensure accuracy.

[Core] [51% incumbents] Consult with authors and editors regarding manuscript changes and suggestions.
  DWAs: Collaborate with others to determine production details.

[EMERGING:New] Check the facts of stories using the internet.

[EMERGING:New] Design page layouts using text, photographs, graphics, and other elements.

--- SKILLS ---
  Reading Comprehension (imp:4.25 lvl:4.25) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Writing (imp:3.62 lvl:4.00) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Speaking (imp:3.25 lvl:3.12) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Active Listening (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Critical Thinking (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Monitoring (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Active Learning (imp:2.50 lvl:2.38) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Learning Strategies (imp:2.00 lvl:1.38) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Mathematics (imp:1.88 lvl:1.00) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Science (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  English Language (imp:4.95 lvl:4.98) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Communications and Media (imp:3.36 lvl:3.09) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Computers and Electronics (imp:3.03 lvl:3.20) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Administrative (imp:2.56 lvl:2.84) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Administration and Management (imp:2.41 lvl:2.18) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:2.21 lvl:1.88) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Design (imp:2.17 lvl:1.10) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Mathematics (imp:2.05 lvl:1.69) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.95 lvl:1.81) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Education and Training (imp:1.94 lvl:1.46) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Geography (imp:1.92 lvl:1.60) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:1.79 lvl:1.20) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Psychology (imp:1.75 lvl:0.73) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Law and Government (imp:1.75 lvl:0.95) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  History and Archeology (imp:1.56 lvl:0.90) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Foreign Language (imp:1.49 lvl:0.50) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Telecommunications (imp:1.48 lvl:0.46) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Sales and Marketing (imp:1.45 lvl:0.86) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Public Safety and Security (imp:1.34 lvl:0.74) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Production and Processing (imp:1.31) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Engineering and Technology (imp:1.29) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Economics and Accounting (imp:1.25) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Mechanical (imp:1.25 lvl:0.27) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Transportation (imp:1.18) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Fine Arts (imp:1.15) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.13) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:1.07) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Physics (imp:1.04) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Chemistry (imp:1.04) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Building and Construction (imp:1.01) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Biology (imp:1.01) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:1.01) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Food Production (imp:1.00) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food

--- ABILITIES ---
  Written Comprehension (imp:4.38 lvl:4.25) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Near Vision (imp:3.88 lvl:3.88) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Oral Comprehension (imp:3.75 lvl:4.00) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Written Expression (imp:3.62 lvl:4.00) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Oral Expression (imp:3.50 lvl:3.75) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:3.25 lvl:3.00) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Perceptual Speed (imp:3.12 lvl:2.62) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Information Ordering (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.00 lvl:2.75) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Selective Attention (imp:2.88 lvl:2.38) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:2.75 lvl:2.62) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Category Flexibility (imp:2.50 lvl:2.38) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:2.50 lvl:2.50) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.12 lvl:1.25) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Visualization (imp:2.12 lvl:1.50) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:2.00 lvl:1.62) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:2.00 lvl:1.00) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Memorization (imp:2.00 lvl:2.00) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Finger Dexterity (imp:2.00 lvl:1.38) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Originality (imp:1.88 lvl:1.62) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Time Sharing (imp:1.88 lvl:1.25) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:1.88 lvl:1.00) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Manual Dexterity (imp:1.88 lvl:1.00) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Far Vision (imp:1.75 lvl:0.88) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:1.75 lvl:0.88) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Trunk Strength (imp:1.62 lvl:0.88) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Auditory Attention (imp:1.62 lvl:0.88) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Number Facility (imp:1.38 lvl:0.50) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Control Precision (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:1.38 lvl:0.50) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Dynamic Strength (imp:1.38 lvl:0.50) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Reaction Time (imp:1.12 lvl:0.12) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Spatial Orientation (imp:1.00) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:1.00) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Response Orientation (imp:1.00) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Rate Control (imp:1.00) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Static Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Explosive Strength (imp:1.00) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Stamina (imp:1.00) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Extent Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:1.00) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:1.00) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Night Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Depth Perception (imp:1.00) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.00) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Sound Localization (imp:1.00) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Getting Information (imp:4.36 lvl:4.05) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Working with Computers (imp:4.10 lvl:2.61) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Processing Information (imp:4.09 lvl:3.79) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:3.81 lvl:3.75) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:3.76 lvl:3.51) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:3.54 lvl:4.30) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:3.45 lvl:3.63) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:3.26 lvl:3.00) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:3.26 lvl:2.62) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:3.22 lvl:2.59) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:3.11 lvl:3.31) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:2.89 lvl:2.31) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:2.67 lvl:2.09) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:2.57) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:2.37 lvl:2.27) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Thinking Creatively (imp:2.31 lvl:2.03) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:2.00) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:1.93 lvl:2.55) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:1.89 lvl:1.02) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:1.82 lvl:1.51) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:1.77 lvl:1.04) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:1.74 lvl:1.04) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:1.65) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:1.59) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:1.51) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:1.49 lvl:0.97) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:1.40) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:1.38) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:1.33) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:1.32) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:1.28) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:1.28) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:1.27) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:1.26) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:1.25) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:1.25) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:1.19) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:1.19) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:1.16) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:1.00) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:1.00) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Attention to Detail (imp:3.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Dependability (imp:3.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Dependability (imp:2.93) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Cautiousness (imp:2.25) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Perseverance (imp:1.10) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Achievement Orientation (imp:1.07) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Cautiousness (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Cooperation (imp:0.82) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Stress Tolerance (imp:0.66) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Integrity (imp:0.64) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Self-Control (imp:0.57) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Self-Confidence (imp:0.54) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Humility (imp:0.53) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Initiative (imp:0.51) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:0.43) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Sincerity (imp:0.15) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Achievement Orientation () — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Intellectual Curiosity () — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Integrity () — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Adaptability (imp:-0.01) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Optimism (imp:-0.11) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Empathy (imp:-0.14) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Social Orientation (imp:-0.14) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Innovation (imp:-0.47) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Leadership Orientation (imp:-0.68) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:-0.86) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Time Management (imp:2.75 lvl:2.50) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:2.50 lvl:2.25) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:2.38 lvl:2.38) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:2.38 lvl:1.88) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:2.25 lvl:1.88) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Coordination (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Systems Analysis (imp:2.00 lvl:1.00) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Systems Evaluation (imp:2.00 lvl:1.12) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Persuasion (imp:1.88 lvl:1.50) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Negotiation (imp:1.75 lvl:1.00) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Instructing (imp:1.75 lvl:1.25) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Service Orientation (imp:1.75 lvl:0.88) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:1.62 lvl:0.88) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Operations Analysis (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Programming (imp:1.25 lvl:0.25) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Technology Design (imp:1.00) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Equipment Selection (imp:1.00) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Operations Monitoring (imp:1.00) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Operation and Control (imp:1.00) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.00) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Troubleshooting (imp:1.00) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Repairing (imp:1.00) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:1.00) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Management of Material Resources (imp:1.00) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 4,580
  annual_median    : $51,120
  annual_pct10     : $34,510
  annual_pct25     : $41,170
  annual_pct75     : $62,390
  annual_pct90     : $79,290
  annual_mean      : $54,800
  hourly_median    : $24.58

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : District of Columbia ($68,120)
  lowest_state     : Michigan ($35,530)
  dispersion_ratio : 1.917x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (26 total) ---
  Information                              emp:    1,470  median: $  44,860
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:    1,090  median: $  58,350
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:      530  median: $  51,410
  Educational Services                     emp:      260  median: $  41,600
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:      200  median: $  51,030
  Manufacturing                            emp:      190  median: $  44,160
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:      140  median: $  51,570
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:      130  median: $  59,280
  Retail Trade                             emp:       90  median: $  55,280
  Finance and Insurance                    emp:       70  median: $  47,530

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (11 total) ---
  Information                              emp:    1,470  median: $  44,860
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:    1,090  median: $  58,350
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:      530  median: $  51,410
  Educational Services                     emp:      260  median: $  41,600
  Management of Companies and Enterprises  emp:      200  median: $  51,030
  Manufacturing                            emp:      190  median: $  44,160
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:      140  median: $  51,570
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:      130  median: $  59,280
  Retail Trade                             emp:       90  median: $  55,280
  Finance and Insurance                    emp:       70  median: $  47,530

exact_match_status : no_exact_match
matched_title      : N/A
match_score        : 0.0000
wikidata_qid       : N/A
word_count         : 0
wikipedia_url      : N/A
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T22:33:09.923329Z

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Holland Codes (similarity: 0.4286)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holland_Codes
  QID: Q1512242
  Extract: The Holland Codes or the Holland Occupational Themes (RIASEC) are a taxonomy of interests based on a theory of careers and vocational choice that was initially developed by American psychologist John L. Holland.

  Title: Copy typist (similarity: 0.3000)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copy_typist
  QID: Q5169187
  Extract: A copy typist is someone who specializes in typing text from a source which they read. Originally appearing as a skill in handling of a typewriter, later it transitioned to using a computer keyboard, with results tracking on a computer display and obtained using a printer. Before introduction of com

  Title: Reverse transcriptase (similarity: 0.4800)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_transcriptase
  QID: Q28774
  Extract: A reverse transcriptase (RT) is an enzyme that uses an RNA molecule as a template to synthesize a complementary DNA molecule, through a process termed reverse transcription. Reverse transcriptases are used by viruses such as HIV and hepatitis B to replicate their genomes, by retrotransposon mobile g

  Title: List of Latin phrases (full) (similarity: 0.2105)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Latin_phrases_(full)
  QID: Q3409821
  Extract: 
This article lists direct English translations of common Latin phrases. Some of the phrases are themselves translations of Greek phrases.

  Title: The Master and Margarita (similarity: 0.4906)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Master_and_Margarita
  QID: Q188538
  Extract: The Master and Margarita is a novel by Mikhail Bulgakov, written in the Soviet Union between 1928 and 1940. A censored version, with several chapters cut by editors, was published posthumously in Moscow magazine in 1966–1967 by his widow Elena Bulgakova. The manuscript was not published as a book un

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong confidence based on detailed O*NET task data, clear skill requirements, wage data from BLS OEWS May 2025, and well-defined related occupations. The occupation has specific, measurable activities and clear educational pathways.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T22:54:24.497251+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,521
tokens_output        : 4,216
cost_usd             : $0.045818
wikipedia_used       : False
wikipedia_title      : None
wikipedia_note       : No exact Wikipedia match found for this specialized occupation. The semantic neighbors include general references to Holland Codes and copy typists, but lack specific coverage of the proofreading profession's modern digital workflow and quality control responsibilities.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Proofreaders and Copy Markers are specialized quality control professionals who review written materials to identify and correct grammatical, typographical, and compositional errors before publication. They work primarily in publishing, media, and professional services industries, using detailed knowledge of English language conventions and style guides to ensure accuracy and consistency in written communications. This role excludes primary editing functions and includes specialized areas such as braille proofreading.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
A proofreader begins by receiving typeset materials, proofs, or digital documents that require final review before publication or distribution. They systematically read through content, marking corrections for errors in grammar, punctuation, spelling, and formatting using standard proofreader marks or digital annotation tools. When discrepancies are found, they compare information against original sources or reference materials to verify accuracy and consistency. The proofreader coordinates with authors, editors, and typesetters to route corrected materials and ensure all marked corrections are properly implemented. They also archive documents, conduct research using internet resources and databases, and may create original content such as headlines or captions when needed.

WHO THRIVES:
Individuals who excel as proofreaders possess exceptional attention to detail and can maintain focus during repetitive, meticulous work that demands high accuracy standards. They demonstrate strong conventional interests, preferring structured work environments with clear guidelines and established procedures for quality control. Successful proofreaders have excellent reading comprehension and written communication skills, combined with near vision abilities that support prolonged text review work. They exhibit dependability and cautiousness in their work style, understanding that errors missed in the proofreading stage can have significant consequences for publication quality and organizational reputation.

CAREER ENTRY:
Entry into proofreading typically requires a bachelor's degree (47.3% of workers) with strong emphasis on English language, communications, or related fields, though some positions accept associate's degrees (23.2%) or relevant coursework. Candidates need demonstrated expertise in grammar, style guides, and formatting conventions, often gained through English, journalism, or communications studies. Prior experience with word processing software, content management systems, and familiarity with digital publishing tools like Adobe Creative Suite provides competitive advantage for modern proofreading roles.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Proofreaders can advance to editorial positions, content management roles, or specialize in technical or scientific proofreading for higher compensation. Career progression often leads to copy editor, content coordinator, or document management specialist positions that involve more strategic content development responsibilities. Some professionals transition into desktop publishing, technical writing, or digital content creation roles that leverage their detail-oriented skills and language expertise in expanded capacities.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
The proofreading field employs 4,580 workers with a median annual wage of $51,120 according to BLS OEWS May 2025, ranging from $34,510 to $79,290 for the 10th to 90th percentiles. Geographic wage variation is moderate with a 1.92x ratio between highest-paying District of Columbia ($68,120) and lowest-paying Michigan ($35,530). Employment concentrates in Information industries (1,470 workers), Professional Services (1,090), and Administrative Support services (530), reflecting the role's importance in content-driven organizations. The field faces technological pressure from automated proofreading tools but maintains demand for human expertise in complex content requiring contextual understanding and style consistency.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
Proofreading faces moderate automation risk as AI-powered grammar and spell-checking tools become more sophisticated, particularly for routine error detection in standard content. However, human proofreaders remain essential for work requiring contextual understanding, style consistency across complex documents, and specialized knowledge areas like legal or technical content where automated tools may miss nuanced errors.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [career_pathway] Editors (27-3041.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Natural progression from proofreading to editing roles, sharing core English language knowledge (5.0 importance) and writing skills.
    data: English Language knowledge importance 5.0
    data: Writing skill level 4.0
    data: Related occupation Primary-Short
  [task_similarity] Desktop Publishers (43-9031.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles involve typesetting, measuring dimensions and spacing of page elements, and working with digital publishing software.
    data: Typeset and measure dimensions task
    data: Adobe InDesign technology tool
    data: Related occupation Primary-Short
  [skill_overlap] Technical Writers (27-3042.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Share critical writing (4.0 level), reading comprehension (4.2 level), and attention to detail work styles.
    data: Writing skill level 4.0
    data: Reading Comprehension level 4.2
    data: Related occupation Primary-Short
  [riasec_cluster] Word Processors and Typists (43-9022.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both occupy conventional work environments (C:6.16) with structured procedures and detail-oriented tasks.
    data: Conventional RIASEC 6.16
    data: Attention to Detail work style 3.0
    data: Related occupation Primary-Short
  [knowledge_overlap] Document Management Specialists (15-1299.03) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both require computers and electronics knowledge (3.2 level) and involve archiving documents and file management activities.
    data: Computers and Electronics knowledge level 3.2
    data: Archive documents task
    data: Related occupation Primary-Long

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['proofreader', 'copy marker', 'copy editor', 'content reviewer', 'copy holder', 'clerical proofreader', 'braille proofreader', 'content coordinator']
  exclude_keywords : ['editor', 'writer', 'author', 'publisher', 'typist']
  title_patterns   : ['proofreader', 'copy marker', 'copy coordinator', 'content analyst', 'copy preparer']
  common_variations: ['proofreader', 'proof reader', 'copy marker', 'copy editor', 'content proofreader', 'digital proofreader', 'braille proofreader', 'clerical proofreader']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['tendency', 'others', 'equipment', 'principles', 'control', 'materials', 'includes', 'objects', 'documents', 'ideas', 'written', 'techniques', 'management', 'resources', 'quality', 'tools', 'activities', 'body', 'proofreading', 'errors']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
tendency                   42  0.01567  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
others                     39  0.01455  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:97%  dwas:3%
equipment                  23  0.00858  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
principles                 16  0.00597  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
control                    15  0.00560  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:80%  inference:20%
materials                  15  0.00560  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  inference:27%  dwas:7%
includes                   13  0.00485  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:92%  inference:8%
objects                    12  0.00448  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
documents                  11  0.00410  dwas                 dwas:55%  inference:27%  onet_tasks:9%
ideas                      11  0.00410  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
written                    10  0.00373  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:60%  inference:30%  wikipedia:10%
techniques                 10  0.00373  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
management                 10  0.00373  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:70%  inference:30%
resources                  10  0.00373  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:90%  inference:10%
quality                    10  0.00373  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:60%  inference:40%
tools                      10  0.00373  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:50%  inference:50%
activities                 10  0.00373  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:90%  dwas:10%
body                       10  0.00373  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
proofreading               10  0.00373  inference            inference:90%  wikipedia:10%
errors                      9  0.00336  inference            inference:44%  onet_tasks:33%  onet_dimensions:22%
rules                       9  0.00336  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  onet_tasks:11%
understanding               9  0.00336  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  inference:33%
problems                    9  0.00336  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
procedures                  9  0.00336  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  inference:11%
production                  9  0.00336  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  dwas:11%
human                       9  0.00336  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:78%  inference:22%
services                    9  0.00336  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  inference:33%
standards                   9  0.00336  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  inference:11%
needed                      9  0.00336  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:78%  dwas:11%  inference:11%
quickly                     9  0.00336  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
orientation                 9  0.00336  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
accuracy                    9  0.00336  dwas                 dwas:67%  inference:33%
records                     8  0.00298  dwas                 dwas:75%  onet_tasks:12%  onet_dimensions:12%
needs                       8  0.00298  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
monitoring                  8  0.00298  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
files                       8  0.00298  dwas                 dwas:75%  onet_dimensions:25%
events                      8  0.00298  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
actions                     8  0.00298  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
performing                  8  0.00298  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
developing                  8  0.00298  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%