[Core] [76% incumbents] Paint identification marks of specified colors on logs to identify grades or species, using spray cans, or call out grades to log markers.
  DWAs: Mark agricultural or forestry products for identification.

[Core] [76% incumbents] Jab logs with metal ends of scale sticks, and inspect logs to ascertain characteristics or defects such as water damage, splits, knots, broken ends, rotten areas, twists, and curves.
  DWAs: Evaluate log quality.

[Supplemental] [76% incumbents] Arrange for hauling of logs to appropriate mill sites.
  DWAs: Direct material handling or moving activities.

[Supplemental] [76% incumbents] Measure log lengths and mark boles for bucking into logs, according to specifications.
  DWAs: Mark agricultural or forestry products for identification. | Measure physical characteristics of forestry or agricultural products.

[Core] [75% incumbents] Evaluate log characteristics and determine grades, using established criteria.
  DWAs: Evaluate log quality.

[Core] [75% incumbents] Record data about individual trees or load volumes into tally books or hand-held collection terminals.
  DWAs: Record agricultural or forestry inventory data.

[Core] [75% incumbents] Measure felled logs or loads of pulpwood to calculate volume, weight, dimensions, and marketable value, using measuring devices and conversion tables.
  DWAs: Measure physical characteristics of forestry or agricultural products.

[Core] [75% incumbents] Identify logs of substandard or special grade so that they can be returned to shippers, regraded, recut, or transferred for other processing.
  DWAs: Evaluate log quality.

[Supplemental] [75% incumbents] Communicate with coworkers by signals to direct log movement.
  DWAs: Communicate with other workers to coordinate activities.

[Supplemental] [75% incumbents] Drive to sawmills, wharfs, or skids to inspect logs or pulpwood.
  DWAs: Drive passenger vehicles.

[Supplemental] [74% incumbents] Weigh log trucks before and after unloading, and record load weights and supplier identities.
  DWAs: Record agricultural or forestry inventory data.

[Supplemental] [74% incumbents] Saw felled trees into lengths.
  DWAs: Cut trees or logs.

[EMERGING:New] Move logs using heavy equipment such as log loaders.

--- SKILLS ---
  Active Listening (imp:3.25 lvl:2.88) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Critical Thinking (imp:3.25 lvl:3.00) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Speaking (imp:3.12 lvl:2.88) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Writing (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Active Learning (imp:3.00 lvl:2.75) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Monitoring (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Reading Comprehension (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Mathematics (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Learning Strategies (imp:2.38 lvl:2.12) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Science (imp:1.75 lvl:0.75) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Production and Processing (imp:3.79 lvl:3.95) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Mathematics (imp:3.33 lvl:3.26) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:3.12 lvl:2.89) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Administration and Management (imp:3.03 lvl:2.76) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Mechanical (imp:2.70 lvl:2.72) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Education and Training (imp:2.69 lvl:2.84) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Transportation (imp:2.64 lvl:2.38) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  English Language (imp:2.52 lvl:2.33) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Sales and Marketing (imp:2.44 lvl:2.03) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Computers and Electronics (imp:2.33 lvl:2.50) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Economics and Accounting (imp:2.27 lvl:1.48) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Administrative (imp:2.11 lvl:2.12) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:2.09 lvl:1.82) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Engineering and Technology (imp:1.98 lvl:1.54) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Public Safety and Security (imp:1.96 lvl:1.47) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Geography (imp:1.93 lvl:1.80) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Biology (imp:1.85 lvl:1.22) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Communications and Media (imp:1.73 lvl:1.23) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Design (imp:1.70 lvl:1.22) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Psychology (imp:1.70 lvl:1.33) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Law and Government (imp:1.67 lvl:1.35) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Building and Construction (imp:1.66 lvl:1.27) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Chemistry (imp:1.59 lvl:1.17) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Physics (imp:1.54 lvl:0.97) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Telecommunications (imp:1.50 lvl:0.64) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Foreign Language (imp:1.43) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.33 lvl:0.70) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:1.32 lvl:0.52) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:1.29 lvl:0.51) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.22 lvl:0.62) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  History and Archeology (imp:1.20 lvl:0.47) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Food Production (imp:1.14) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
  Fine Arts (imp:1.07) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform

--- ABILITIES ---
  Near Vision (imp:3.88 lvl:3.88) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:3.62 lvl:3.00) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Oral Comprehension (imp:3.38 lvl:3.38) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Oral Expression (imp:3.38 lvl:3.50) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:3.25 lvl:3.00) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:3.25 lvl:3.00) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.25 lvl:3.75) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Written Expression (imp:3.12 lvl:2.88) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.12 lvl:3.25) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Perceptual Speed (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Far Vision (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Written Comprehension (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Information Ordering (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Number Facility (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Selective Attention (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:3.00 lvl:2.75) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Manual Dexterity (imp:3.00 lvl:2.75) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Finger Dexterity (imp:3.00 lvl:2.75) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Control Precision (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Visualization (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:2.88 lvl:3.12) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Depth Perception (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Time Sharing (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:2.50 lvl:2.38) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Originality (imp:2.50 lvl:2.12) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Static Strength (imp:2.50 lvl:2.75) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.50 lvl:3.12) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.38 lvl:2.38) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Extent Flexibility (imp:2.38 lvl:2.25) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Response Orientation (imp:2.25 lvl:2.25) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Reaction Time (imp:2.25 lvl:2.38) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Trunk Strength (imp:2.25 lvl:2.38) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.25 lvl:1.88) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Spatial Orientation (imp:2.12 lvl:2.00) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Rate Control (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:2.12 lvl:1.25) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:2.12 lvl:1.75) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Dynamic Strength (imp:2.12 lvl:1.88) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Stamina (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:2.12 lvl:1.38) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Memorization (imp:2.00 lvl:1.50) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Explosive Strength (imp:2.00 lvl:1.12) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Peripheral Vision (imp:1.88 lvl:1.00) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.88 lvl:1.38) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Sound Localization (imp:1.88 lvl:0.88) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
  Night Vision (imp:1.75 lvl:0.88) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.12 lvl:0.25) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:4.03 lvl:4.19) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:4.00 lvl:3.62) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:3.97 lvl:4.00) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:3.89 lvl:3.68) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:3.87 lvl:3.33) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:3.85 lvl:4.09) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Getting Information (imp:3.81 lvl:3.50) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:3.77 lvl:3.50) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:3.73 lvl:4.51) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Processing Information (imp:3.73 lvl:3.84) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:3.69 lvl:4.75) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:3.59 lvl:3.30) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:3.54 lvl:3.99) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Working with Computers (imp:3.52 lvl:3.21) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:3.45 lvl:4.91) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:3.40 lvl:4.59) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:3.37 lvl:3.89) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:3.33 lvl:3.64) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:3.18 lvl:3.09) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:3.17 lvl:3.22) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:3.16 lvl:3.53) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:3.15 lvl:2.79) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:3.14 lvl:3.28) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:3.10 lvl:3.51) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:3.08 lvl:3.47) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:3.01 lvl:3.44) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:2.98 lvl:3.13) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:2.98 lvl:3.15) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:2.94 lvl:3.18) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Thinking Creatively (imp:2.93 lvl:3.08) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:2.88 lvl:3.27) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:2.86 lvl:2.77) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:2.80 lvl:2.44) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:2.79 lvl:3.52) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:2.76 lvl:2.79) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:2.69 lvl:3.00) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:2.48 lvl:2.65) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:2.38 lvl:2.29) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:2.16 lvl:2.01) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:2.15 lvl:1.82) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:1.86 lvl:1.75) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.47) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Dependability (imp:2.08) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Dependability (imp:2.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Cautiousness (imp:1.53) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Integrity (imp:1.51) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Attention to Detail (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Perseverance (imp:0.79) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Achievement Orientation (imp:0.68) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Self-Confidence (imp:0.62) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Stress Tolerance (imp:0.60) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control (imp:0.41) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Cooperation (imp:0.18) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:0.15) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Sincerity (imp:0.15) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Adaptability (imp:0.12) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Initiative (imp:0.06) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Achievement Orientation () — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Intellectual Curiosity () — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Cautiousness () — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Integrity () — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:-0.05) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Empathy (imp:-0.16) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Optimism (imp:-0.20) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation (imp:-0.21) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Humility (imp:-0.32) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Leadership Orientation (imp:-0.41) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Innovation (imp:-0.45) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Coordination (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Operations Monitoring (imp:2.88 lvl:2.62) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Time Management (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Persuasion (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Operation and Control (imp:2.75 lvl:2.25) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Negotiation (imp:2.62 lvl:2.62) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Service Orientation (imp:2.62 lvl:2.50) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Instructing (imp:2.50 lvl:2.50) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:2.50 lvl:2.50) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Systems Analysis (imp:2.50 lvl:2.25) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:2.38 lvl:1.88) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Systems Evaluation (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Troubleshooting (imp:2.00 lvl:1.38) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Management of Material Resources (imp:1.88 lvl:1.50) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Equipment Selection (imp:1.75 lvl:1.00) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:1.75 lvl:0.88) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Operations Analysis (imp:1.62 lvl:0.62) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:1.62 lvl:1.00) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Programming (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
  Technology Design (imp:1.38 lvl:0.38) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Repairing (imp:1.38 lvl:0.75) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 3,070
  annual_median    : $46,330
  annual_pct10     : $34,950
  annual_pct25     : $37,780
  annual_pct75     : $56,250
  annual_pct90     : $62,400
  annual_mean      : $47,770
  hourly_median    : $22.27

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : Washington ($61,580)
  lowest_state     : Tennessee ($35,920)
  dispersion_ratio : 1.714x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (25 total) ---
  Manufacturing                            emp:    2,610  median: $  45,610
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:      150  median: $  49,440
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:      130  median: $  60,830
  Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting emp:      120  median: $  63,820

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (4 total) ---
  Manufacturing                            emp:    2,610  median: $  45,610
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:      150  median: $  49,440
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:      130  median: $  60,830
  Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting emp:      120  median: $  63,820

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Log scaler
match_score        : 0.6061
wikidata_qid       : Q3006666
word_count         : 911
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Log_scaler
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T22:36:25.134553Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
The log scaler is an occupation in the timber industry. The Log Scaler measures the cut trees to determine the scale (volume) and quality (grade) of the wood to be used for manufacturing. When logs are sold, in order to determine the basis for a sale price in a standard way, the logs are "scaled" which means they are measured, identified as to species, and deductions for defects are assigned to produce a net volume of merchantable wood. There are several different scales or rules that are used to determine the volume of wood. Scribner Decimal C rule is based on diagrams of circles that show the number of boards that will be utilized from the diameters of logs. The cubic rule, often called Metric in Canada, determines the cubic volume of the log material. The logs are recorded as gross scale (actual log measurements, length and diameter) and net scale (volume after deductions for defects are taken out). This occupation is usually performed by a third-party organization qualified to "scale" government timber. Since internal defects are determined by external indications, scaling is not an exact science and is subject to the interpretation of log scaling rules. The log scaler is subject to random "check scales" in which another scaler rescales exactly the same logs and the results are compared. The log scaler must be within + or - 1% of the gross scale and + or - 2% of the net scale to keep their certification to scale. The scale is used for payment, quality control and inventory purposes.


== Historical methods ==
Historically, in the Pacific Northwest, logs were first sold after they were delivered to the water and rafted to the mill. Bundle rafts have bundles of logs that are tightly fastened together and some logs are well below the water line. Consequently, log scalers would walk the rafts and measure and grade the logs in the water. When logging was done by hand, the fallers and buckers were often paid on a piecework basis so the individual workmen's production was scaled daily as well. Presently, few logs are ever rafted.


== Ramp scaling ==

A log scaling method that has been popular since the adaptation of trucks to haul logs has been the 'ramp scale'. In this approach, the log truck is driven beside a scale ramp which is simply an elevated platform, and from there the log scaler climbs around on the truck and on the load and measures and grades the logs. Although the ramp is typically operated by the scaling bureau, it may be located with a sawmill yard that is buying the logs or it may be at some other convenient location. Depending on the location, the ramp may scale logs for a single mill, or the ramp may be located so that logs scaled may proceed to multiple destinations. The photo at the right shows two trucks at a typical Pacific Northwest bureau scale ramp. Ramp scaling is often used where space is limited, speed is important, or the logs are of relatively low value. Assessing the grade of each log involves inspecting it for defects, but when a given log is situated in the middle of a truckload of logs it may be difficult to examine it.


== Rollout scaling ==

The preferred method of scaling, particularly when high-value logs are involved, is the 'roll out' method. In this process, the logs are unloaded from the truck and rolled out on the ground or on skids a single layer deep, so that the scaler can then see a good part of every log in order to assist in determining the number and size of defects such as bends or rot. Rollout scaling must be done where heavy machinery is available to handle the logs, and requires the space to do the rollout as well as the time and expense of the extra handling. Rollout scaling can be more efficient (at least for the trucks) as the trucks do not have to wait to be scaled and can be unloaded and leave immediately. This is in contrast with the ramp scale, where the truck must wait until the scaling is complete.
In some jurisdictions, there are still places where the logs arrive via railroad car, and here they can be left for rollout scaling.
Timber cruisers also estimate the volume of timber, for example in a timber sale where the timber is sold on the stump, and can see the logs and where limbs grew on a tree, especially the lower logs in a tree which have the most volume and often the best grade of log and thus often the most value, better than a scaler. However, rollout scaling helps the scaler do this better than truck scaling or, in the Canadian province of British Columbia, in a log raft. The better the wood quality and the bigger the size of the logs, the better it is to scale logs when they are "rolled out".


== Standing wood scaling ==
Method of standing wood scaling is used for high-value log volume measurement or for the creation of allometric equations.


== See also ==
Logging
Sawmill


== External links ==
Rules for scaling USFS logs.
Log Scaling Manual for the British Columbia Ministry of Forests. This manual documents the procedures for piece scaling and weigh scaling in the province of British Columbia, Canada.
A day in the life of a log scaler.

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Logging (similarity: 0.3333)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logging
  QID: Q845249
  Extract: Logging is the process of cutting, processing, and moving trees to a location for transport. It may include skidding, on-site processing, and loading of trees or logs onto trucks or skeleton cars. In forestry, the term logging is sometimes used narrowly to describe the logistics of moving wood from 

  Title: Grading systems by country (similarity: 0.3673)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country
  QID: Q7222877
  Extract: This is a list of grading systems used by countries of the world, primarily within the fields of secondary education and university education, organized by continent with links to specifics in numerous entries.

  Title: Grain size (similarity: 0.4242)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grain_size
  QID: Q466491
  Extract: Grain size is the diameter of individual grains of sediment, or the lithified particles in clastic rocks. The term may also be applied to other granular materials. This is different from the crystallite size, which refers to the size of a single crystal inside a particle or grain. A single grain can

  Title: Log driving (similarity: 0.2941)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Log_driving
  QID: Q15008046
  Extract: Log driving is a means of moving logs from a forest to sawmills and pulp mills downstream using the current of a river. It was the main transportation method of the early logging industry in Europe and North America.

  Title: Naomi Swartzentruber (similarity: 0.2326)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naomi_Swartzentruber
  QID: Q134980186
  Extract: Naomi Swartzentruber is an American author and social-media content creator whose 2023 self-published memoir, The Amazing Adventures of an Amish Stripper, recounts her departure from a conservative Amish upbringing, two decades as an exotic dancer, and her subsequent recovery from addiction. She sha

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong confidence based on detailed O*NET task data, Wikipedia validation, clear industry context, and specific BLS wage data. The specialized nature of this forestry occupation provides clear definitional boundaries.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T23:08:11.231897+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,853
tokens_output        : 4,397
cost_usd             : $0.047714
wikipedia_used       : True
wikipedia_title      : Log scaler
wikipedia_note       : Wikipedia confirms this as a timber industry occupation focused on measuring cut trees to determine volume and quality for manufacturing purposes. The definition aligns closely with O*NET data emphasizing measurement, grading, and quality assessment functions.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Log graders and scalers measure, evaluate, and categorize harvested timber to determine volume, quality, and marketable value in lumber yards, mills, and processing facilities. These specialists inspect logs for defects, apply industry grading standards, and document timber characteristics to establish fair pricing and proper utilization. They serve as critical quality control agents in the timber supply chain, ensuring logs are properly sorted and directed to appropriate manufacturing applications.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
A log grader begins their day by driving to various inspection sites including sawmills, log decks, and sorting yards to evaluate timber inventories. They use measuring tools and scale sticks to assess log dimensions, probe for internal defects like water damage or rot, and apply established grading criteria to classify each log's quality and species. Throughout the day, they mark logs with spray paint to identify grades and destinations, record detailed measurements and characteristics in tally books or handheld terminals, and communicate with equipment operators using hand signals to direct log movement. They calculate volumes and weights to determine marketable value, identify substandard logs for regrading or return to shippers, and arrange for proper transportation of sorted timber to appropriate mill sites.

WHO THRIVES:
Individuals who excel in this role possess strong attention to detail and the ability to make consistent quality judgments under varying outdoor conditions. They have good near vision and problem sensitivity to detect subtle defects in timber, combined with mathematical skills to calculate volumes and values accurately. Successful log graders are dependable and cautious workers who can maintain focus during repetitive inspection tasks while working independently with minimal supervision. They demonstrate strong oral communication skills for coordinating with mill workers and equipment operators, and possess the physical stamina to work in lumber yards and forest environments throughout various weather conditions.

CAREER ENTRY:
Most log graders enter the field with a high school diploma or equivalent, as 64.2% of workers have this educational background according to O*NET data. Entry-level workers typically receive on-the-job training to learn timber grading standards, measurement techniques, and species identification from experienced scalers. Some positions may require completion of forestry or agriculture courses, and workers often gain experience through seasonal employment in logging or lumber operations. Professional development may include certification programs offered by timber industry associations.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Experienced log graders can advance to supervisory roles overseeing quality control operations at larger mills or become independent timber buyers who travel between multiple facilities. Some transition into related forestry careers such as logging equipment operation, timber procurement, or forest management roles. Others may move into lumber sales, wood products manufacturing, or pursue additional education to become forestry technicians or certified foresters with broader responsibilities in forest resource management.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
According to BLS OEWS May 2025 data, log graders and scalers earn a median annual wage of $46,330 with employment of 3,070 workers nationally, indicating a specialized but stable niche occupation. Wages vary significantly by region, with Washington offering the highest compensation at $61,580 compared to Tennessee's $35,920, reflecting regional differences in timber industry concentration and unionization. The majority of employment (2,610 workers) occurs in manufacturing, particularly lumber and wood products facilities, with additional opportunities in wholesale trade and administrative services. Geographic concentration in Pacific Northwest and Southeast regions aligns with major timber-producing areas, though automation in lumber processing may gradually reduce demand for traditional scaling roles.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
Log grading and scaling faces moderate automation pressure as laser scanning technology and computer vision systems increasingly handle basic measurement and defect detection tasks. However, the role's emphasis on complex judgment calls regarding timber quality, species identification, and grading decisions requiring human expertise suggests partial rather than complete automation in the near term.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [task_similarity] Graders and Sorters, Agricultural Products (45-2041.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles involve evaluating product quality, applying grading standards, and sorting materials based on established criteria.
    data: Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:4.0)
    data: Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:3.9)
  [skill_overlap] Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers (51-9061.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Shared emphasis on inspection activities, quality assessment, and documentation requirements.
    data: Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:3.9)
    data: Near Vision (imp:3.9)
    data: Problem Sensitivity (imp:3.6)
  [knowledge_overlap] Weighers, Measurers, Checkers, and Samplers, Recordkeeping (43-5111.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both occupations require mathematical knowledge for measurements and documentation skills for record keeping.
    data: Mathematics (imp:3.3)
    data: Documenting/Recording Information (imp:4.0)
    data: Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics (imp:4.0)
  [career_pathway] Logging Equipment Operators (45-4022.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Natural progression within forestry operations, sharing Production and Processing knowledge and forestry industry context.
    data: Production and Processing (imp:3.8)
    data: Same forestry vertical
    data: Emerging task: Move logs using heavy equipment
  [transferable_skill] Production, Planning, and Expediting Clerks (43-5061.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Coordination and monitoring skills transfer between roles focused on production workflow management.
    data: Coordination (imp:3.0)
    data: Operations Monitoring (imp:2.9)
    data: Time Management (imp:2.9)

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['log scaler', 'log grader', 'timber grader', 'lumber grader', 'deck scaler', 'landing scaler', 'log marker', 'log sorter']
  exclude_keywords : ['logger', 'sawmill operator', 'forestry technician', 'timber cruiser', 'arborist']
  title_patterns   : ['*Log Grader*', '*Log Scaler*', '*Deck Scaler*', '*Lumber Grader*', '*Log Marker*']
  common_variations: ['check scaler', 'compounding scaler', 'deck specialist', 'decker', 'deckman', 'log buyer', 'materials inspector', 'timber scaler']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['logs', 'tendency', 'log', 'others', 'equipment', 'scaling', 'quality', 'timber', 'principles', 'control', 'includes', 'objects', 'activities', 'volume', 'rules', 'materials', 'techniques', 'moving', 'products', 'ideas']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
logs                       42  0.01346  wikipedia            wikipedia:67%  onet_tasks:21%  inference:10%
tendency                   42  0.01346  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
log                        40  0.01282  wikipedia            wikipedia:50%  inference:28%  onet_tasks:15%
others                     39  0.01250  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:97%  inference:3%
equipment                  27  0.00865  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:85%  inference:11%  onet_tasks:4%
scaling                    22  0.00705  wikipedia            wikipedia:91%  inference:9%
quality                    20  0.00641  inference            inference:40%  onet_dimensions:30%  dwas:15%
timber                     20  0.00641  inference            inference:70%  wikipedia:30%
principles                 16  0.00513  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
control                    15  0.00481  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:80%  inference:13%  wikipedia:7%
includes                   12  0.00385  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
objects                    12  0.00385  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
activities                 12  0.00385  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:75%  dwas:17%  wikipedia:8%
volume                     11  0.00353  wikipedia            wikipedia:73%  inference:18%  onet_tasks:9%
rules                      11  0.00353  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:73%  wikipedia:27%
materials                  11  0.00353  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:91%  wikipedia:9%
techniques                 11  0.00353  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:91%  inference:9%
moving                     11  0.00353  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:64%  wikipedia:27%  dwas:9%
products                   11  0.00353  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:45%  dwas:36%  inference:18%
ideas                      11  0.00353  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
forestry                   11  0.00353  dwas                 dwas:55%  inference:27%  wikipedia:18%
defects                    10  0.00320  wikipedia            wikipedia:50%  inference:30%  onet_tasks:10%
hand                       10  0.00320  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:70%  onet_tasks:10%  wikipedia:10%
standards                  10  0.00320  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:80%  inference:20%
body                       10  0.00320  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
scaler                     10  0.00320  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
processing                  9  0.00288  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:44%  wikipedia:22%  inference:22%
problems                    9  0.00288  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
procedures                  9  0.00288  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  wikipedia:11%
production                  9  0.00288  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  wikipedia:11%
management                  9  0.00288  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:78%  inference:22%
resources                   9  0.00288  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
physical                    9  0.00288  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  dwas:22%  inference:11%
quickly                     9  0.00288  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
orientation                 9  0.00288  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
wood                        9  0.00288  wikipedia            wikipedia:78%  inference:22%
ramp                        9  0.00288  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
characteristics             8  0.00256  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:25%  onet_dimensions:25%  dwas:25%
appropriate                 8  0.00256  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:62%  inference:25%  onet_tasks:12%
value                       8  0.00256  wikipedia            wikipedia:50%  inference:25%  onet_tasks:12%