[Core] [51% incumbents] Set vertical and horizontal alignment of structures, using plumb bob, gauge line, and level.
  DWAs: Align masonry materials.

[Core] [51% incumbents] Lay out wall patterns or foundations, using straight edge, rule, or staked lines.
  DWAs: Mark reference points on construction materials.

[Core] [51% incumbents] Set stone or marble in place, according to layout or pattern.
  DWAs: Align masonry materials.

[Core] [51% incumbents] Remove wedges, fill joints between stones, finish joints between stones, using a trowel, and smooth the mortar to an attractive finish, using a tuck pointer.
  DWAs: Apply mortar. | Apply decorative masonry finishes.

[Core] [51% incumbents] Clean excess mortar or grout from surface of marble, stone, or monument, using sponge, brush, water, or acid.
  DWAs: Remove excess materials from finished construction projects.

[Core] [51% incumbents] Shape, trim, face and cut marble or stone preparatory to setting, using power saws, cutting equipment, and hand tools.
  DWAs: Cut tile, stone, or other masonry materials.

[Core] [51% incumbents] Mix mortar or grout and pour or spread mortar or grout on marble slabs, stone, or foundation.
  DWAs: Mix substances or compounds needed for work activities. | Spread concrete or other aggregate mixtures. | Apply mortar.

[Core] [51% incumbents] Construct and install prefabricated masonry units.
  DWAs: Install masonry materials.

[Core] [51% incumbents] Smooth, polish, and bevel surfaces, using hand tools and power tools.
  DWAs: Cut tile, stone, or other masonry materials. | Smooth surfaces with abrasive materials or tools.

[Core] [51% incumbents] Replace broken or missing masonry units in walls or floors.
  DWAs: Install masonry materials.

[Core] [51% incumbents] Remove sections of monument from truck bed, and guide stone onto foundation, using skids, hoist, or truck crane.
  DWAs: Operate cranes, hoists, or other moving or lifting equipment.

[Core] [51% incumbents] Drill holes in marble or ornamental stone and anchor brackets in holes.
  DWAs: Drill holes in construction materials.

[Core] [51% incumbents] Dig trench for foundation of monument, using pick and shovel.
  DWAs: Dig holes or trenches.

[Core] [51% incumbents] Repair cracked or chipped areas of stone or marble, using blowtorch and mastic, and remove rough or defective spots from concrete, using power grinder or chisel and hammer.
  DWAs: Cut tile, stone, or other masonry materials. | Smooth surfaces with abrasive materials or tools.

[Supplemental] [51% incumbents] Position mold along guidelines of wall, press mold in place, and remove mold and paper from wall.
  DWAs: Position construction forms or molds. | Apply decorative masonry finishes.

[Core] [50% incumbents] Lay brick to build shells of chimneys and smokestacks or to line or reline industrial furnaces, kilns, boilers and similar installations.
  DWAs: Install masonry materials.

--- SKILLS ---
  Critical Thinking (imp:3.50 lvl:3.25) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Reading Comprehension (imp:3.00 lvl:2.38) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Active Listening (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Speaking (imp:3.00 lvl:2.50) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Mathematics (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Monitoring (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Active Learning (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Writing (imp:2.62 lvl:2.38) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Learning Strategies (imp:2.62 lvl:2.62) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Science (imp:1.62 lvl:0.62) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Building and Construction (imp:4.68 lvl:4.73) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Design (imp:3.68 lvl:4.09) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Mathematics (imp:3.66 lvl:3.88) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Mechanical (imp:3.06 lvl:3.17) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:3.05 lvl:3.14) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Administration and Management (imp:3.03 lvl:3.14) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  English Language (imp:3.02 lvl:3.08) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Production and Processing (imp:2.85 lvl:3.50) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Sales and Marketing (imp:2.82 lvl:2.37) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Public Safety and Security (imp:2.71 lvl:2.56) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Education and Training (imp:2.70 lvl:2.93) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Engineering and Technology (imp:2.30 lvl:2.65) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:2.23 lvl:2.74) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Administrative (imp:2.02 lvl:1.78) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Chemistry (imp:1.97 lvl:2.41) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Transportation (imp:1.84 lvl:1.22) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Law and Government (imp:1.83 lvl:1.27) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Physics (imp:1.71 lvl:1.61) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  Economics and Accounting (imp:1.69 lvl:0.91) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Psychology (imp:1.68 lvl:1.43) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Foreign Language (imp:1.52 lvl:0.75) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Telecommunications (imp:1.49 lvl:0.46) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Communications and Media (imp:1.42 lvl:0.88) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Computers and Electronics (imp:1.39 lvl:1.09) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.29 lvl:0.77) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:1.18) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:1.13) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Fine Arts (imp:1.13) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform
  Biology (imp:1.11) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Geography (imp:1.05) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  History and Archeology (imp:1.04) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.02) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 

--- ABILITIES ---
  Static Strength (imp:4.00 lvl:4.88) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:3.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Trunk Strength (imp:3.88 lvl:3.88) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Near Vision (imp:3.88 lvl:3.50) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Manual Dexterity (imp:3.75 lvl:3.62) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:3.62 lvl:3.00) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Visualization (imp:3.62 lvl:3.38) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Stamina (imp:3.62 lvl:3.12) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Information Ordering (imp:3.38 lvl:3.12) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:3.38 lvl:3.00) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Extent Flexibility (imp:3.38 lvl:3.50) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Far Vision (imp:3.38 lvl:3.00) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Oral Comprehension (imp:3.25 lvl:3.12) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Selective Attention (imp:3.25 lvl:2.88) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Finger Dexterity (imp:3.25 lvl:3.00) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Dynamic Strength (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:3.12 lvl:2.62) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Oral Expression (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Control Precision (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.00 lvl:2.62) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.00 lvl:2.38) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Perceptual Speed (imp:2.88 lvl:2.62) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Depth Perception (imp:2.88 lvl:2.88) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:2.75 lvl:2.50) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Originality (imp:2.75 lvl:2.62) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Number Facility (imp:2.75 lvl:2.38) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Reaction Time (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Written Comprehension (imp:2.62 lvl:2.38) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:2.62 lvl:2.38) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.62 lvl:2.38) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.50 lvl:2.12) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Time Sharing (imp:2.50 lvl:2.25) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Response Orientation (imp:2.50 lvl:2.38) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Written Expression (imp:2.38 lvl:2.25) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:2.38 lvl:2.12) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Spatial Orientation (imp:2.25 lvl:2.00) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Rate Control (imp:2.25 lvl:1.62) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:2.25 lvl:2.25) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Explosive Strength (imp:2.25 lvl:1.62) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Peripheral Vision (imp:2.25 lvl:1.88) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.25 lvl:2.25) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Memorization (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:2.12 lvl:1.88) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Sound Localization (imp:2.00 lvl:1.50) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.88 lvl:1.25) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo
  Night Vision (imp:1.75 lvl:1.25) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Getting Information (imp:4.51 lvl:2.89) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:4.47 lvl:5.54) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:4.28 lvl:5.74) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:4.22 lvl:4.21) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:4.19 lvl:4.58) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:4.17 lvl:4.26) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:4.10 lvl:4.15) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:3.99 lvl:3.71) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:3.99 lvl:4.47) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:3.88 lvl:4.17) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:3.80 lvl:3.12) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:3.75 lvl:3.66) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:3.69 lvl:4.00) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Processing Information (imp:3.67 lvl:4.16) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Thinking Creatively (imp:3.67 lvl:4.24) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:3.53 lvl:3.71) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.43 lvl:4.18) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:3.41 lvl:4.10) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:3.40 lvl:4.02) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:3.36 lvl:3.14) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:3.36 lvl:3.12) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:3.36 lvl:3.39) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:3.24 lvl:3.50) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:3.20 lvl:3.21) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:3.14 lvl:4.28) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:3.10 lvl:2.64) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:3.09 lvl:2.72) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:3.05 lvl:2.66) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:3.03 lvl:2.94) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:2.97 lvl:3.70) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:2.93 lvl:2.44) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:2.92 lvl:3.37) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:2.79 lvl:2.42) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:2.76 lvl:2.73) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:2.69 lvl:2.88) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:2.61 lvl:2.47) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:2.36 lvl:2.41) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:2.28 lvl:1.99) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:2.27 lvl:2.00) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:2.22 lvl:1.96) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Working with Computers (imp:2.07 lvl:1.22) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Dependability (imp:2.30) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.16) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Dependability (imp:2.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Perseverance (imp:1.64) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Cautiousness (imp:1.63) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Achievement Orientation (imp:1.35) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Stress Tolerance (imp:1.02) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Attention to Detail (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Integrity (imp:0.98) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Self-Control (imp:0.82) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Self-Confidence (imp:0.73) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Cooperation (imp:0.51) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Adaptability (imp:0.14) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Sincerity (imp:0.12) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Innovation (imp:0.09) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Achievement Orientation () — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Intellectual Curiosity () — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Cautiousness () — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Integrity () — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Optimism (imp:-0.01) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Initiative (imp:-0.02) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Empathy (imp:-0.17) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Social Orientation (imp:-0.18) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:-0.20) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Leadership Orientation (imp:-0.30) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility (imp:-0.32) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:-0.65) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:3.25 lvl:2.88) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:3.25 lvl:2.75) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Time Management (imp:3.25 lvl:3.00) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Coordination (imp:3.12 lvl:3.75) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Operations Monitoring (imp:3.12 lvl:2.12) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Operation and Control (imp:2.88 lvl:2.62) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:2.88 lvl:2.50) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:2.75 lvl:2.50) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:2.62 lvl:2.38) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Persuasion (imp:2.62 lvl:2.62) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Negotiation (imp:2.62 lvl:2.62) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Instructing (imp:2.62 lvl:2.38) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Service Orientation (imp:2.62 lvl:2.38) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Systems Analysis (imp:2.62 lvl:2.12) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Equipment Selection (imp:2.25 lvl:2.00) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Troubleshooting (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Repairing (imp:2.25 lvl:2.12) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
  Systems Evaluation (imp:2.25 lvl:2.25) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Management of Material Resources (imp:2.25 lvl:1.62) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:2.00 lvl:1.88) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Technology Design (imp:1.88 lvl:1.12) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Operations Analysis (imp:1.75 lvl:1.25) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:1.62 lvl:1.00) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Installation (imp:1.00) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Programming (imp:1.00) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 7,820
  annual_median    : $57,390
  annual_pct10     : $39,300
  annual_pct25     : $45,450
  annual_pct75     : $71,630
  annual_pct90     : $86,180
  annual_mean      : $60,710
  hourly_median    : $27.59

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : Wisconsin ($82,740)
  lowest_state     : Mississippi ($40,700)
  dispersion_ratio : 2.033x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (31 total) ---
  Construction                             emp:    6,260  median: $  57,540
  Manufacturing                            emp:      540  median: $  46,950
  Retail Trade                             emp:      230  median: $  43,020
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:       40  median: $  40,920

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (4 total) ---
  Construction                             emp:    6,260  median: $  57,540
  Manufacturing                            emp:      540  median: $  46,950
  Retail Trade                             emp:      230  median: $  43,020
  Other Services (except Public Administration) emp:       40  median: $  40,920

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Stonemasonry
match_score        : 0.8696
wikidata_qid       : Q19794820
word_count         : 4,826
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonemasonry
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T22:37:40.025541Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
Stonemasonry, also called stonework or stonecraft, is the creation of buildings, structures, and sculpture using stone as the primary material. Stonemasonry is the craft of shaping and arranging stones, often together with mortar and even the ancient lime mortar, to wall or cover formed structures.
The basic tools, methods and skills of the banker mason have existed as a trade for thousands of years. It is one of the oldest activities and professions in human history. Many of the long-lasting, ancient shelters, temples, monuments, artifacts, fortifications, roads, bridges, and entire cities were built of stone. Famous works of stonemasonry include Göbekli Tepe, the Egyptian pyramids, the Taj Mahal, Cusco's Incan Wall, Taqwesan, Easter Island's statues, Angkor Wat, Borobudur, Tihuanaco, Tenochtitlan, Persepolis, the Parthenon, Stonehenge, the Great Wall of China, the Mesoamerican pyramids, Chartres Cathedral, and the Stari Most.
While stone was important traditionally, it fell out of use in the modern era, in favor of brick and steel-reinforced concrete. This is despite the advantages of stone over concrete. Those advantages include:

Many types of stone are stronger than concrete in compression.
Stone uses much less energy to produce, and hence its production emits less carbon dioxide than either brick or concrete.
Stone is widely considered aesthetically pleasing, while concrete is often painted or clad.
Modern stonemasonry is in the process of reinventing itself for automation, modern load-bearing stone construction, innovative reinforcement techniques, and integration with other sustainable materials, like engineered wood.


== Stonemasonry disciplines ==

A quarryman splits or cuts rock in the quarry, and extracts the resulting blocks of stone. The cut or split pieces are collected and transported away from the extraction surface for further refinement.
A sawyer stonemason cuts these stone blocks into dimension stone, to required size with saws. The resulting block, if ordered for a specific component, is known as sawn six sides (SSS). A sawyer mason is similar to a banker mason (see below) in that they work with rough pieces of stone and shape them according to certain standards. The main difference between a sawyer mason and a banker mason is the size of the stone they work with. A sawyer mason typically works with much larger pieces and uses diamond-coated tools. Sawyer masons may work in quarries or be found in tile or flooring stores, possessing a range of specific skills, such as examining grain patterns to determine cleavage, creating smaller stones from larger pieces, and carving precise outlines and drilling holes using various tools like chisels.
A banker mason, sometimes referred to as a bank mason, is workshop-based, and specializes in working the stones into the shapes required by a building's design, this set out on templets and a bed mould. A banker mason uses various hand and power tools to cut, carve, and shape stone. They can produce anything from stones with simple chamfers to tracery windows, detailed mouldings and the more classical architectural building masonry. When working a stone from a sawn block, the mason ensures that the stone is bedded in the right way, so the finished work sits in the building in the same orientation as it was formed on the ground. Occasionally though some stones need to be oriented correctly for the application; this includes voussoirs, jambs, copings, and cornices. The stone's size and shape are usually predetermined by builders or other parties involved in a project, and the banker mason works according to a brief or a set of designs provided for that project. Once the stone has been crafted to the required specifications, it is transported to the construction site or another location for use in a building or other structure.
A fixer mason specializes in the fixing of stones onto buildings, using lifting tackle, and traditional lime mortars and grouts. Sometimes modern cements, mastics, and epoxy resins are used, usually on specialist applications such as stone cladding. Metal fixings, from simple dowels and cramps to specialized single application fixings, are also used. The precise tolerances necessarily make this a highly skilled job. A fixer mason is responsible for traveling to a job site to fit and lay pre-prepared stone or cladding for buildings. They might do this with grouts, mortars, and lifting tackle. They might also use things like single application specialized fixings, simple cramps, and dowels as well as stone cladding with things like epoxy resins, mastics, and modern cements.
A memorial mason or monumental mason carves gravestones and inscriptions.
A carver mason crosses the line from craft to art. They use their artistic ability to carve stone into foliage, figures, animals or abstract designs. Carver masons are the artists of stonemasonry, responsible for creating designs and/or patterns from stone, as well as on stones. This work can include stone sculptures of figures or animals, or other projects of a similar nature. Throughout history, carver masons have been renowned for their exceptional skills in crafting beautiful pieces from stone.


== Classical stonemasonry techniques ==

Stone has been used in construction for thousands of years, in many contexts. Listed below are six types of classical stonemasonry techniques, some of which still see widespread use.

Ashlar masonry. Stone masonry using dressed (cut) stones is known as ashlar masonry.
Trabeated systems. One of the oldest forms of stone construction uses a lintel (beam) laid across stone posts or columns. This method predates Stonehenge, and refined versions were used by the Egyptians, Persians, Greeks, and Romans.
Arch masonry. Also called "arcuated systems" in contrast with trabeated systems, which are two ancient methods for creating a void below a stone span (either a lintel or an arch). Note that the Wikipedia page on stone arches is about stone-arch bridges exclusively, and the arch page is about all arches, including non-stone.
Rubble masonry. Use of rubble in masonry: antonymous to ashlar masonry. Can be infill in an ashlar wall, used in cyclopean concrete, and other contexts. The term is antonymous to "ashlar".
Dry stone. Stone walls built without mortar, using the shape of the stones, compression, and friction for stability. This technique encompasses cyclopean masonry and other mortar-less methods, but is conventionally used to describe agricultural walls used to mark boundaries, contain livestock, and retain soil.
Cyclopean masonry. Drywall construction using massive boulders that may have been shaped to fit together. Polygonal masonry is a subtype of cyclopean masonry where the boulders are shaped into polygonal profiles.


== Modern stonemasonry systems ==

In the modern era, stone has been largely relegated to being a cosmetic element of buildings, often used as decorative cladding on steel-reinforced concrete. This is despite its wide historical use in large compressive structures: 50-m bridges and colosseums in Roman times, ~65-m tall cathedrals since the Middle Ages, and 12-story apartment buildings built in the 1690s.


=== Modern stonemasonry techniques ===
Stone veneer is used as a protective and decorative covering for interior or exterior walls and surfaces. The veneer is typically 1 in (25.4 mm) thick and must weigh less than 15 lb per square foot (73 kg m−2) so that no additional structural supports are required. The structural wall is put up first, and thin, flat stones are mortared onto the face of the wall. Metal tabs in the structural wall are mortared between the stones to tie everything together, to prevent the stonework from separating from the wall.
Massive precut stone. Also known as "prefabricated stone", "massive stone", "pre-sized stone", or "pré-taille" stone.
Post-tensioned stone. A high-performance composite construction material consisting of stone held in compression with

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Stonemason (disambiguation) (similarity: 0.5789)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonemason_(disambiguation)
  QID: Q93442992
  Extract: A stonemason is a person engaged in stonecraft.

  Title: Charlie Gee (stonemason) (similarity: 0.5714)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Gee_(stonemason)
  QID: Q134315733
  Extract: Charlie Gee is a British stonemason known for his work on cathedral and heritage restoration projects in the United Kingdom and Europe.

  Title: Marble Arch (similarity: 0.1818)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marble_Arch
  QID: Q845529
  Extract: The Marble Arch is a 19th-century white marble-faced triumphal arch in London, England. The structure was designed by John Nash in 1827 as the state entrance to the cour d'honneur of Buckingham Palace; it stood near the site of what is today the three-bayed, central projection of the palace containi

  Title: Connemara marble (similarity: 0.3704)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connemara_marble
  QID: Q96375410
  Extract: Connemara marble or "Irish green" is a rare variety of green marble from Connemara, Ireland. It is used as a decoration and building material. Its colour causes it to often be associated with the Irish identity, and for this reason it has been named the national gemstone of Ireland. It strongly rese

  Title: David (Donatello, marble) (similarity: 0.2778)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_(Donatello%2C_marble)
  QID: Q3703074
  Extract: David is a marble statue of the biblical hero by the Italian Renaissance sculptor Donatello. One of his early works (1408–1409), it was originally commissioned by the Operai del Duomo, the Overseers of the Office of Works, for the Florence Cathedral and was his most important commission up to that p

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong data coverage across all domains with clear task descriptions, comprehensive skill profiles, and reliable wage data from BLS OEWS May 2025.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T23:13:47.667882+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,668
tokens_output        : 4,338
cost_usd             : $0.046661
wikipedia_used       : True
wikipedia_title      : Stonemasonry
wikipedia_note       : Wikipedia confirms stonemasonry as the craft of shaping and arranging stones for building construction and sculpture, aligning with the occupation's focus on creating stone structures.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Stonemasons are skilled craftspeople who build stone structures including walls, walkways, monuments, and architectural features using traditional masonry techniques. They shape, cut, and set stone materials with precision, combining physical skill with spatial visualization to create durable stone construction. This trade requires expertise in working with various stone types, mortar application, and construction alignment techniques.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
A stonemason begins by laying out patterns and foundations using measuring tools and guide lines to ensure proper alignment. They cut and shape stone materials using power saws and hand tools, then mix and apply mortar to secure stones in precise positions. Throughout the day, they use levels and plumb bobs to maintain structural alignment, carefully fitting stones together according to architectural plans. The work involves cleaning excess mortar, smoothing joints, and polishing surfaces to achieve the desired finish. Physical tasks include lifting heavy stones, operating cutting equipment, and performing detailed handwork requiring steady coordination.

WHO THRIVES:
Individuals who excel as stonemasons typically possess strong spatial visualization abilities and enjoy working with their hands to create lasting structures. They demonstrate high dependability and attention to detail, essential for precision work that affects structural integrity. The realistic work environment appeals to those who prefer tangible, physical tasks over abstract problem-solving. Successful stonemasons show perseverance and patience, as stonework often requires meticulous craftsmanship and the ability to work through challenging material properties. Strong physical stamina and manual dexterity are crucial for handling heavy materials and performing precise cutting operations.

CAREER ENTRY:
Most stonemasons enter the field with a high school diploma or equivalent (57.9%) or less formal education (42.1%), typically learning through apprenticeships or on-the-job training. Formal masonry programs at trade schools provide foundational knowledge in construction principles and tool operation. Entry-level positions often begin as helpers or apprentices working alongside experienced masons to develop practical skills in stone cutting, mortar mixing, and layout techniques. Physical capabilities including strength and manual dexterity are important prerequisites for the demanding nature of the work.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Experienced stonemasons can advance to supervisory roles, overseeing masonry crews on larger construction projects or specializing in restoration work for historic buildings and monuments. Many establish independent contracting businesses, taking on residential and commercial stonework projects. Career progression may lead to positions as masonry estimators, project managers, or instructors in trade schools. Some stonemasons develop expertise in specialized areas such as artistic stone carving, monument construction, or heritage restoration work requiring advanced craftsmanship skills.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
Stonemasons earn a median annual wage of $57,390 according to BLS OEWS May 2025 data, with wages ranging from $39,300 to $86,180 reflecting experience and geographic location. Employment totals 7,820 workers nationally, with significant regional variation in compensation - Wisconsin leads at $82,740 median wage while Mississippi averages $40,700, showing a 2.03x pay differential. The construction industry employs the vast majority (6,260 workers) with smaller numbers in manufacturing and retail sectors. Geographic demand varies based on local construction activity and availability of stone materials, with higher wages typically found in regions with active heritage preservation projects.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
Stonemasons face moderate automation risk as the craft requires significant manual dexterity, spatial reasoning, and artistic judgment that remain difficult to mechanize. While power tools and cutting equipment continue to improve efficiency, the core tasks of fitting irregular stone pieces, applying mortar with proper technique, and ensuring structural alignment rely heavily on human skill and experience. The emphasis on custom work, restoration projects, and architectural detail work provides some protection against automation compared to more standardized construction trades.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [task_similarity] Brickmasons and Blockmasons (47-2021.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles involve laying masonry materials with mortar, using similar alignment tools and construction techniques.
    data: Both use plumb bob and level for alignment
    data: Both mix and apply mortar
    data: Both perform general physical activities at level 5.5+
  [skill_overlap] Tile and Stone Setters (47-2044.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both require static strength (4.0+ importance), manual dexterity, and visualization abilities for precise material placement.
    data: Static Strength importance 4.0
    data: Manual Dexterity importance 3.8
    data: Visualization importance 3.6
  [knowledge_overlap] Stone Cutters and Carvers, Manufacturing (51-9195.03) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both utilize design knowledge and mechanical skills for shaping stone materials using cutting tools.
    data: Design knowledge importance 3.7
    data: Mechanical knowledge importance 3.1
    data: Both cut and shape stone materials
  [riasec_cluster] Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers (47-2051.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Both are realistic-dominant trades (R:7.00) involving construction activities with similar physical demands and work environments.
    data: Realistic RIASEC score 7.00
    data: Construction industry focus
    data: Job Zone 2 preparation level
  [career_pathway] Helpers--Brickmasons, Blockmasons, Stonemasons, and Tile and Marble Setters (47-3011.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Helper position serves as direct entry point into stonemasonry through apprenticeship and on-the-job training.
    data: Direct O*NET relationship
    data: Entry-level apprenticeship pathway
    data: Same work environment and tools

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['stonemason', 'stone mason', 'stone worker', 'mason', 'stone setter', 'marble setter', 'granite setter', 'stonework']
  exclude_keywords : ['brick', 'block', 'tile', 'concrete', 'cement']
  title_patterns   : ['*Mason*', '*Stone*', '*Granite*', '*Marble*', '*Stonework*']
  common_variations: ['Stone Mason', 'Stonemason', 'Stone Worker', 'Mason', 'Marble Mason', 'Granite Mason', 'Stone Craftsman', 'Stone Installer']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['stone', 'construction', 'masonry', 'tendency', 'others', 'concrete', 'materials', 'stones', 'massive', 'equipment', 'tools', 'mortar', 'stonemasonry', 'building', 'techniques', 'precut', 'stonemasons', 'cut', 'structures', 'mason']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
stone                     176  0.03268  wikipedia            wikipedia:89%  inference:6%  onet_tasks:4%
construction               55  0.01021  wikipedia            wikipedia:73%  inference:16%  dwas:7%
masonry                    48  0.00891  wikipedia            wikipedia:67%  dwas:21%  inference:8%
tendency                   43  0.00798  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:98%  wikipedia:2%
others                     39  0.00724  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:97%  wikipedia:3%
concrete                   34  0.00631  wikipedia            wikipedia:94%  onet_tasks:3%  dwas:3%
materials                  32  0.00594  dwas                 dwas:41%  onet_dimensions:31%  wikipedia:16%
stones                     30  0.00557  wikipedia            wikipedia:80%  inference:13%  onet_tasks:7%
massive                    29  0.00538  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
equipment                  26  0.00483  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:85%  inference:8%  onet_tasks:4%
tools                      26  0.00483  wikipedia            wikipedia:50%  onet_dimensions:19%  onet_tasks:12%
mortar                     25  0.00464  wikipedia            wikipedia:56%  inference:20%  onet_tasks:16%
stonemasonry               25  0.00464  wikipedia            wikipedia:96%  inference:4%
building                   23  0.00427  wikipedia            wikipedia:83%  onet_dimensions:13%  inference:4%
techniques                 23  0.00427  wikipedia            wikipedia:52%  onet_dimensions:35%  inference:13%
precut                     23  0.00427  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
stonemasons                22  0.00409  wikipedia            wikipedia:64%  inference:36%
cut                        20  0.00371  wikipedia            wikipedia:70%  dwas:15%  inference:10%
structures                 19  0.00353  wikipedia            wikipedia:53%  onet_dimensions:26%  inference:16%
mason                      19  0.00353  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
marble                     18  0.00334  wikipedia            wikipedia:67%  onet_tasks:33%
principles                 17  0.00316  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:94%  inference:6%
modern                     17  0.00316  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
wall                       16  0.00297  wikipedia            wikipedia:81%  onet_tasks:19%
uses                       16  0.00297  wikipedia            wikipedia:88%  onet_dimensions:12%
buildings                  15  0.00279  wikipedia            wikipedia:87%  onet_dimensions:7%  inference:7%
hand                       14  0.00260  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:50%  wikipedia:29%  onet_tasks:14%
design                     14  0.00260  wikipedia            wikipedia:57%  onet_dimensions:43%
material                   14  0.00260  wikipedia            wikipedia:71%  onet_dimensions:21%  inference:7%
includes                   13  0.00241  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:92%  wikipedia:8%
strength                   13  0.00241  wikipedia            wikipedia:62%  onet_dimensions:31%  inference:8%
blocks                     13  0.00241  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
production                 12  0.00223  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:58%  wikipedia:42%
control                    12  0.00223  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
objects                    12  0.00223  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
working                    12  0.00223  wikipedia            wikipedia:42%  onet_dimensions:33%  inference:25%
ashlars                    12  0.00223  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
human                      11  0.00204  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:64%  wikipedia:27%  inference:9%
physical                   11  0.00204  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:55%  inference:45%
quickly                    11  0.00204  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:82%  wikipedia:18%