[Core] [75% incumbents] Study specifications in blueprints, sketches, or building plans to prepare project layout and determine dimensions and materials required.
  DWAs: Review blueprints or specifications to determine work requirements.

[Core] [75% incumbents] Shape or cut materials to specified measurements, using hand tools, machines, or power saws.
  DWAs: Cut wood components for installation.

[Core] [75% incumbents] Maintain records, document actions, and present written progress reports.
  DWAs: Prepare operational reports.

[Core] [75% incumbents] Remove damaged or defective parts or sections of structures and repair or replace, using hand tools.
  DWAs: Remove worn, damaged or outdated materials from work areas.

[Supplemental] [75% incumbents] Construct forms or chutes for pouring concrete.
  DWAs: Assemble temporary equipment or structures. | Build construction forms or molds.

[Supplemental] [75% incumbents] Build or repair cabinets, doors, frameworks, floors, or other wooden fixtures used in buildings, using woodworking machines, carpenter's hand tools, or power tools.
  DWAs: Install wooden structural components.

[Supplemental] [75% incumbents] Select and order lumber or other required materials.
  DWAs: Select construction materials. | Order construction or extraction materials or equipment.

[Supplemental] [75% incumbents] Work with or remove hazardous material.
  DWAs: Prepare hazardous waste for processing or disposal.

[Supplemental] [75% incumbents] Fill cracks or other defects in plaster or plasterboard and sand patch, using patching plaster, trowel, and sanding tool.
  DWAs: Apply material to fill gaps in surfaces.

[Supplemental] [75% incumbents] Perform minor plumbing, welding, or concrete mixing work.
  DWAs: Mix substances or compounds needed for work activities. | Weld metal components.

[Supplemental] [75% incumbents] Apply shock-absorbing, sound-deadening, or decorative paneling to ceilings or walls.
  DWAs: Install trim or paneling.

[Core] [74% incumbents] Follow established safety rules and regulations and maintain a safe and clean environment.
  DWAs: Clean work sites.

[Core] [74% incumbents] Measure and mark cutting lines on materials, using a ruler, pencil, chalk, and marking gauge.
  DWAs: Measure materials or objects for installation or assembly. | Mark reference points on construction materials.

[Core] [74% incumbents] Assemble and fasten materials to make frameworks or props, using hand tools and wood screws, nails, dowel pins, or glue.
  DWAs: Assemble temporary equipment or structures.

[Core] [74% incumbents] Inspect ceiling or floor tile, wall coverings, siding, glass, or woodwork to detect broken or damaged structures.
  DWAs: Inspect work sites to determine condition or necessary repairs.

[Core] [74% incumbents] Erect scaffolding or ladders for assembling structures above ground level.
  DWAs: Assemble temporary equipment or structures.

[Core] [74% incumbents] Install structures or fixtures, such as windows, frames, floorings, trim, or hardware, using carpenters' hand or power tools.
  DWAs: Install building fixtures. | Install doors or windows. | Install wooden structural components.

[Supplemental] [74% incumbents] Cover subfloors with building paper to keep out moisture and lay hardwood, parquet, or wood-strip-block floors by nailing floors to subfloor or cementing them to mastic or asphalt base.
  DWAs: Install carpet or flooring.

[Supplemental] [74% incumbents] Arrange for subcontractors to deal with special areas, such as heating or electrical wiring work.
  DWAs: Coordinate construction project activities.

[Supplemental] [74% incumbents] Prepare cost estimates for clients or employers.
  DWAs: Estimate construction project costs.

[Core] [73% incumbents] Verify trueness of structure, using plumb bob and level.
  DWAs: Verify alignment of structures or equipment.

[Supplemental] [73% incumbents] Finish surfaces of woodwork or wallboard in houses or buildings, using paint, hand tools, or paneling.
  DWAs: Apply decorative or textured finishes or coverings.

[Core] [47% incumbents] Install rough door and window frames, subflooring, fixtures, or temporary supports in structures undergoing construction or repair.
  DWAs: Install safety or support equipment. | Install building fixtures. | Install doors or windows.

[Core] [46% incumbents] Maintain job records and schedule work crew.
  DWAs: Record operational or environmental data.

[Core] [46% incumbents] Anchor and brace forms and other structures in place, using nails, bolts, anchor rods, steel cables, planks, wedges, and timbers.
  DWAs: Position construction forms or molds.

[Core] [46% incumbents] Bore boltholes in timber, masonry or concrete walls, using power drill.
  DWAs: Drill holes in construction materials.

[Supplemental] [46% incumbents] Examine structural timbers and supports to detect decay, and replace timbers as required, using hand tools, nuts, and bolts.
  DWAs: Inspect work sites to determine condition or necessary repairs. | Install wooden structural components.

[Supplemental] [46% incumbents] Build sleds from logs and timbers for use in hauling camp buildings and machinery through wooded areas.
  DWAs: Assemble products or production equipment.

[Core] [45% incumbents] Dig or direct digging of post holes and set poles to support structures.
  DWAs: Dig holes or trenches. | Position safety or support equipment. | Direct construction or extraction personnel.

[EMERGING:New] Use drones for site surveying and to inspect hard-to-reach areas of a structure.

--- SKILLS ---
  Active Listening (imp:3.38 lvl:3.12) — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand
  Critical Thinking (imp:3.38 lvl:3.62) — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternativ
  Monitoring (imp:3.38 lvl:3.50) — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organization
  Reading Comprehension (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
  Speaking (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
  Mathematics (imp:3.00 lvl:3.50) — Using mathematics to solve problems.
  Active Learning (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future pr
  Writing (imp:2.88 lvl:2.62) — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audienc
  Learning Strategies (imp:2.75 lvl:2.38) — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate fo
  Science (imp:1.38 lvl:0.75) — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.

--- KNOWLEDGE ---
  Building and Construction (imp:4.66 lvl:5.56) — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or r
  Administration and Management (imp:3.91 lvl:3.83) — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, 
  Mathematics (imp:3.91 lvl:4.24) — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their appl
  Design (imp:3.86 lvl:4.01) — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of 
  Engineering and Technology (imp:3.60 lvl:3.63) — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. Th
  Public Safety and Security (imp:3.48 lvl:3.71) — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote
  Mechanical (imp:3.30 lvl:4.20) — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and main
  Education and Training (imp:3.23 lvl:4.04) — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching
  Customer and Personal Service (imp:3.08 lvl:3.05) — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal servic
  Physics (imp:3.05 lvl:3.55) — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships,
  English Language (imp:2.93 lvl:3.17) — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the mea
  Production and Processing (imp:2.90 lvl:2.72) — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and ot
  Transportation (imp:2.70 lvl:2.48) — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea
  Computers and Electronics (imp:2.54 lvl:2.43) — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and comput
  Personnel and Human Resources (imp:2.53 lvl:2.18) — Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, tra
  Administrative (imp:2.52 lvl:2.61) — Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word proce
  Economics and Accounting (imp:2.33 lvl:1.67) — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial mar
  Telecommunications (imp:2.22 lvl:1.82) — Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of te
  Sales and Marketing (imp:2.21 lvl:1.81) — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products
  Chemistry (imp:2.19 lvl:2.25) — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances a
  Law and Government (imp:2.09 lvl:1.99) — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulat
  Communications and Media (imp:2.05 lvl:2.00) — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and m
  Psychology (imp:2.03 lvl:2.11) — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, 
  Geography (imp:1.89 lvl:1.98) — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, an
  Foreign Language (imp:1.75 lvl:1.19) — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language inclu
  Medicine and Dentistry (imp:1.65 lvl:1.23) — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human i
  Sociology and Anthropology (imp:1.63 lvl:1.36) — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human 
  Philosophy and Theology (imp:1.60 lvl:1.01) — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their 
  Therapy and Counseling (imp:1.59 lvl:1.11) — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and r
  Food Production (imp:1.48) — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food
  History and Archeology (imp:1.46 lvl:0.98) — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civi
  Biology (imp:1.37) — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interd
  Fine Arts (imp:1.30) — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform

--- ABILITIES ---
  Problem Sensitivity (imp:3.88 lvl:3.62) — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does no
  Visualization (imp:3.88 lvl:4.00) — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when 
  Manual Dexterity (imp:3.62 lvl:4.00) — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your
  Finger Dexterity (imp:3.62 lvl:3.50) — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or bot
  Near Vision (imp:3.62 lvl:3.50) — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
  Deductive Reasoning (imp:3.50 lvl:3.50) — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that 
  Information Ordering (imp:3.50 lvl:3.25) — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according
  Arm-Hand Steadiness (imp:3.50 lvl:3.62) — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while hold
  Trunk Strength (imp:3.50 lvl:3.50) — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the 
  Oral Comprehension (imp:3.38 lvl:3.62) — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through 
  Oral Expression (imp:3.38 lvl:3.62) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will unde
  Multilimb Coordination (imp:3.38 lvl:3.50) — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or
  Static Strength (imp:3.38 lvl:3.62) — The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.
  Far Vision (imp:3.38 lvl:3.00) — The ability to see details at a distance.
  Inductive Reasoning (imp:3.25 lvl:3.25) — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusion
  Category Flexibility (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping
  Selective Attention (imp:3.12 lvl:3.00) — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distrac
  Control Precision (imp:3.12 lvl:3.50) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehi
  Reaction Time (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sou
  Written Comprehension (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
  Flexibility of Closure (imp:3.00 lvl:3.25) — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or so
  Perceptual Speed (imp:3.00 lvl:3.12) — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among
  Explosive Strength (imp:3.00 lvl:2.62) — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping
  Speech Recognition (imp:3.00 lvl:3.00) — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
  Speech Clarity (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
  Originality (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situa
  Mathematical Reasoning (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a prob
  Dynamic Strength (imp:2.88 lvl:3.00) — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This inv
  Auditory Attention (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distra
  Written Expression (imp:2.75 lvl:2.62) — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will under
  Number Facility (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
  Time Sharing (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of
  Response Orientation (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two o
  Wrist-Finger Speed (imp:2.75 lvl:2.62) — The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and 
  Extent Flexibility (imp:2.75 lvl:3.00) — The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
  Gross Body Equilibrium (imp:2.75 lvl:2.62) — The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unsta
  Depth Perception (imp:2.75 lvl:2.88) — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you
  Fluency of Ideas (imp:2.62 lvl:2.88) — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas
  Spatial Orientation (imp:2.62 lvl:2.50) — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know wher
  Rate Control (imp:2.62 lvl:2.25) — The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in an
  Stamina (imp:2.62 lvl:2.62) — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getti
  Visual Color Discrimination (imp:2.62 lvl:2.88) — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of c
  Hearing Sensitivity (imp:2.62 lvl:2.50) — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch 
  Memorization (imp:2.50 lvl:2.38) — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and proced
  Speed of Closure (imp:2.50 lvl:2.62) — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into mea
  Gross Body Coordination (imp:2.38 lvl:2.38) — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together wh
  Peripheral Vision (imp:2.12 lvl:2.12) — The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes ar
  Glare Sensitivity (imp:1.88 lvl:1.62) — The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
  Sound Localization (imp:1.88 lvl:1.50) — The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
  Speed of Limb Movement (imp:1.75 lvl:1.50) — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
  Night Vision (imp:1.75 lvl:1.38) — The ability to see under low-light conditions.
  Dynamic Flexibility (imp:1.62 lvl:0.88) — The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with yo

--- WORK ACTIVITIES ---
  Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events (imp:4.19 lvl:3.89) — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or 
  Getting Information (imp:4.12 lvl:3.45) — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sour
  Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings (imp:4.08 lvl:4.21) — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment,
  Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials (imp:4.08 lvl:3.95) — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors o
  Handling and Moving Objects (imp:4.05 lvl:5.97) — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials,
  Performing General Physical Activities (imp:4.01 lvl:5.57) — Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require co
  Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates (imp:3.91 lvl:4.22) — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone,
  Making Decisions and Solving Problems (imp:3.83 lvl:3.94) — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and sol
  Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work (imp:3.70 lvl:4.38) — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your
  Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment (imp:3.65 lvl:3.50) — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, s
  Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others (imp:3.64 lvl:4.86) — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  Processing Information (imp:3.63 lvl:3.60) — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying
  Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment (imp:3.60 lvl:3.93) — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to t
  Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge (imp:3.55 lvl:4.32) — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
  Thinking Creatively (imp:3.51 lvl:4.18) — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, syste
  Controlling Machines and Processes (imp:3.48 lvl:4.51) — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines 
  Scheduling Work and Activities (imp:3.47 lvl:3.74) — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
  Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People (imp:3.45 lvl:3.32) — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
  Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards (imp:3.44 lvl:3.24) — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events o
  Analyzing Data or Information (imp:3.44 lvl:3.25) — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by break
  Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships (imp:3.41 lvl:4.13) — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and m
  Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates (imp:3.35 lvl:3.81) — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance 
  Developing and Building Teams (imp:3.33 lvl:3.67) — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team membe
  Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information (imp:3.32 lvl:2.87) — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resourc
  Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others (imp:3.19 lvl:3.46) — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, 
  Documenting/Recording Information (imp:3.17 lvl:3.10) — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in writte
  Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others (imp:3.08 lvl:2.55) — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
  Communicating with People Outside the Organization (imp:3.08 lvl:3.32) — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organizatio
  Training and Teaching Others (imp:3.08 lvl:3.28) — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or tr
  Coaching and Developing Others (imp:3.01 lvl:3.30) — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherw
  Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment (imp:3.00 lvl:3.31) — Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, an
  Monitoring and Controlling Resources (imp:2.94 lvl:2.97) — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
  Developing Objectives and Strategies (imp:2.86 lvl:2.74) — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to 
  Assisting and Caring for Others (imp:2.86 lvl:3.04) — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other pe
  Performing for or Working Directly with the Public (imp:2.86 lvl:2.70) — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving
  Performing Administrative Activities (imp:2.75 lvl:2.69) — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files
  Working with Computers (imp:2.63 lvl:2.19) — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to progra
  Providing Consultation and Advice to Others (imp:2.60 lvl:2.76) — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical,
  Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment (imp:2.34 lvl:2.13) — Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines,
  Selling or Influencing Others (imp:2.24 lvl:1.93) — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or
  Staffing Organizational Units (imp:2.11 lvl:1.74) — Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organ

--- WORK STYLES ---
  Dependability (imp:2.44) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Attention to Detail (imp:2.22) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Dependability (imp:2.00) — A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related o
  Cautiousness (imp:1.79) — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Perseverance (imp:1.55) — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Integrity (imp:1.34) — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Stress Tolerance (imp:1.27) — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Achievement Orientation (imp:1.23) — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Self-Confidence (imp:1.10) — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Attention to Detail (imp:1.00) — A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
  Adaptability (imp:0.91) — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Initiative (imp:0.87) — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Self-Control (imp:0.85) — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res
  Innovation (imp:0.79) — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Cooperation (imp:0.73) — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Intellectual Curiosity (imp:0.56) — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Optimism (imp:0.40) — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Sincerity (imp:0.29) — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Leadership Orientation (imp:0.27) — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility (imp:0.15) — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Social Orientation (imp:0.09) — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Tolerance for Ambiguity (imp:0.06) — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Empathy (imp:0.04) — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Innovation () — A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on 
  Achievement Orientation () — A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, 
  Intellectual Curiosity () — A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep 
  Tolerance for Ambiguity () — A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
  Initiative () — A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may
  Adaptability () — A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas 
  Self-Confidence () — A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control 
  Perseverance () — A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in 
  Leadership Orientation () — A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
  Humility () — A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
  Sincerity () — A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, withou
  Empathy () — A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feel
  Cooperation () — A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
  Optimism () — A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even un
  Social Orientation () — A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
  Cautiousness () — A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related
  Integrity () — A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
  Stress Tolerance () — A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
  Self-Control () — A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in res

--- TRANSFERABLE SKILLS ---
  Coordination (imp:3.25 lvl:3.88) — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
  Quality Control Analysis (imp:3.12 lvl:3.12) — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate
  Complex Problem Solving (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and ev
  Judgment and Decision Making (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the m
  Time Management (imp:3.00 lvl:2.88) — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
  Operations Monitoring (imp:2.88 lvl:2.75) — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working pr
  Operation and Control (imp:2.88 lvl:2.62) — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
  Social Perceptiveness (imp:2.75 lvl:2.75) — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
  Service Orientation (imp:2.75 lvl:2.50) — Actively looking for ways to help people.
  Equipment Selection (imp:2.75 lvl:2.62) — Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
  Instructing (imp:2.62 lvl:3.00) — Teaching others how to do something.
  Systems Evaluation (imp:2.62 lvl:2.38) — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed 
  Management of Personnel Resources (imp:2.62 lvl:2.50) — Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best 
  Persuasion (imp:2.50 lvl:2.38) — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
  Negotiation (imp:2.50 lvl:2.50) — Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
  Systems Analysis (imp:2.50 lvl:2.25) — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, 
  Troubleshooting (imp:2.38 lvl:2.12) — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
  Repairing (imp:2.38 lvl:2.38) — Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
  Management of Material Resources (imp:2.38 lvl:2.12) — Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materi
  Installation (imp:2.25) — Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
  Equipment Maintenance (imp:2.25 lvl:2.00) — Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind o
  Management of Financial Resources (imp:1.88 lvl:1.62) — Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for the
  Operations Analysis (imp:1.75 lvl:1.62) — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
  Technology Design (imp:1.75 lvl:0.88) — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
  Programming (imp:1.50 lvl:0.50) — Writing computer programs for various purposes.

--- NATIONAL WAGES ---
  total_employment : 670,090
  annual_median    : $60,580
  annual_pct10     : $40,410
  annual_pct25     : $48,510
  annual_pct75     : $76,830
  annual_pct90     : $99,910
  annual_mean      : $65,630
  hourly_median    : $29.12

--- GEOGRAPHIC DISPERSION ---
  highest_state    : Hawaii ($85,280)
  lowest_state     : Puerto Rico ($30,530)
  dispersion_ratio : 2.793x

--- TOP STATES BY WAGE (54 total) ---
  Construction                             emp:  570,980  median: $  60,950
  Manufacturing                            emp:   29,180  median: $  49,670
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:   17,220  median: $  55,190
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:    7,650  median: $  67,870
  Retail Trade                             emp:    6,850  median: $  51,680
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:    6,410  median: $  50,230
  Educational Services                     emp:    6,290  median: $  58,940
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:    5,120  median: $  57,290
  Real Estate and Rental and Leasing       emp:    4,640  median: $  58,340
  Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation      emp:    4,150  median: $  57,860

--- TOP INDUSTRIES BY EMPLOYMENT (20 total) ---
  Construction                             emp:  570,980  median: $  60,950
  Manufacturing                            emp:   29,180  median: $  49,670
  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services emp:   17,220  median: $  55,190
  Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding State and Local Government Schools and Hospitals and the U.S. Postal Service (OEWS Designation) emp:    7,650  median: $  67,870
  Retail Trade                             emp:    6,850  median: $  51,680
  Wholesale Trade                          emp:    6,410  median: $  50,230
  Educational Services                     emp:    6,290  median: $  58,940
  Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services emp:    5,120  median: $  57,290
  Real Estate and Rental and Leasing       emp:    4,640  median: $  58,340
  Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation      emp:    4,150  median: $  57,860

exact_match_status : found
matched_title      : Carpentry
match_score        : 0.8421
wikidata_qid       : Q203605
word_count         : 2,836
wikipedia_url      : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpentry
license            : CC BY-SA 4.0
fetched_at         : 2026-06-02T22:37:54.935488Z

--- WIKIPEDIA FULL TEXT ---
Carpentry is a skilled trade and a craft in which the primary work performed is the cutting, shaping and installation of building materials during the construction of buildings, ships, timber bridges, concrete formwork, etc. Carpenters traditionally worked with natural wood and did rougher work such as framing, but today many other materials are also used and sometimes the finer trades of cabinetmaking and furniture building are considered carpentry. In the United States, 98.5% of carpenters are male, and it was the fourth most male-dominated occupation in the country in 1999. In 2006 in the United States, there were about 1.5 million carpentry positions. Carpenters are usually the first tradesmen on a job and the last to leave. Carpenters normally framed post-and-beam buildings until the end of the 19th century; now this old-fashioned carpentry is called timber framing. Carpenters learn this trade by being employed through an apprenticeship training—normally four years—and qualify by successfully completing that country's competence test in places such as the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Switzerland, Australia and South Africa. It is also common that the skill can be learned by gaining work experience other than a formal training program, which may be the case in many places.
Carpentry covers various services, such as furniture design and construction, door and window installation or repair, flooring installation, trim and molding installation, custom woodworking, stair construction, structural framing, wood structure and furniture repair, and restoration.


== Etymology ==
The word "carpenter" is the English rendering of the Old French word carpentier (later, charpentier) which is derived from the Latin carpentarius [artifex], "(maker) of a carriage." The Middle English and Scots word (in the sense of "builder") was wright (from the Old English wryhta, cognate with work), which could be used in compound forms such as wheelwright or boatwright.


=== In the United Kingdom ===
In the UK, carpentry is used to describe the skill involved in first fixing of timber items such as construction of roofs, floors and timber framed buildings, i.e. those areas of construction that are normally hidden in a finished building. An easy way to envisage this is that first fix work is all that is done before plastering takes place. The second fix is done after plastering takes place. Second fix work, the installation of items such as skirting boards, architraves, doors, and windows are generally regarded as carpentry, however, the off-site manufacture and pre-finishing of the items is regarded as joinery. Carpentry is also used to construct the formwork into which concrete is poured during the building of structures such as roads and highway overpasses. In the UK, the skill of making timber formwork for poured or in situ concrete is referred to as shuttering.


=== In the United States ===
Carpentry in the United States is historically defined similarly to the United Kingdom as the "heavier and stronger" work distinguished from a joiner "...who does lighter and more ornamental work than that of a carpenter..." although the "...work of a carpenter and joiner are often combined." Joiner is less common than the terms finish carpenter or cabinetmaker. The terms housewright and barnwright were used historically and are now occasionally used by carpenters who work using traditional methods and materials. Someone who builds custom concrete formwork is a form carpenter.


== History ==

Along with stone, wood is among the oldest building materials.  The ability to shape it into tools, shelter, and weapons improved with technological advances from the Stone Age to the Bronze Age to the Iron Age. Some of the oldest archaeological evidence of carpentry are water well casings. These include an oak and hazel structure dating from 5256 BC, found in Ostrov, Czech Republic, and one built using split oak timbers with mortise and tenon and notched corners excavated in eastern Germany, dating from about 7,000 years ago in the early Neolithic period.
Relatively little history of carpentry was preserved before written language.  Knowledge and skills were simply passed down over the generations.  Even the advent of cave painting and writing recorded little. The oldest surviving complete architectural text is Vitruvius' ten books collectively titled De architectura, which discuss some carpentry.  It was only with the invention of the printing press in the 15th century that this began to change, albeit slowly, with builders finally beginning to regularly publish guides and pattern books in the 18th and 19th centuries.
Some of the oldest surviving wooden buildings in the world are temples in China such as the Nanchan Temple built in 782, Greensted Church in England, parts of which are from the 11th century, and the stave churches in Norway from the 12th and 13th centuries.


=== Europe ===
By the 16th century, sawmills were coming into use in Europe. The founding of America was partly based on a desire to extract resources from the new continent including wood for use in ships and buildings in Europe. In the 18th century part of the Industrial Revolution was the invention of the steam engine and cut nails. These technologies combined with the invention of the circular saw led to the development of balloon framing which was the beginning of the decline of traditional timber framing.
The 19th century saw the development of electrical engineering and distribution which allowed the development of hand-held power tools, wire nails, and machines to mass-produce screws. In the 20th century, portland cement came into common use and concrete foundations allowed carpenters to do away with heavy timber sills. Also, drywall (plasterboard) came into common use replacing lime plaster on wooden lath. Plywood, engineered lumber, and chemically treated lumber also came into use.
For types of carpentry used in America see American historic carpentry.


== Training ==
Carpentry requires training which involves both acquiring knowledge and physical practice. In formal training a carpenter begins as an apprentice, then becomes a journeyman, and with enough experience and competency can eventually attain the status of a master carpenter. Today pre-apprenticeship training may be gained through non-union vocational programs such as high school shop classes and community colleges.
Informally a laborer may simply work alongside carpenters for years learning skills by observation and peripheral assistance. While such an individual may obtain journeyperson status by paying the union entry fee and obtaining a journeyperson's card (which provides the right to work on a union carpentry crew) the carpenter foreperson will, by necessity, dismiss any worker who presents the card but does not demonstrate the expected skill level.
Carpenters may work for an employer or be self-employed. No matter what kind of training a carpenter has had, some U.S. states require contractors to be licensed which requires passing a written test and having minimum levels of insurance.


=== Schools and programs ===

Formal training in the carpentry trade is available in seminars, certificate programs, high-school programs, online classes, in the new construction, restoration, and preservation carpentry fields. Sometimes these programs are called pre-apprenticeship training.
In the modern British construction industry, carpenters are trained through apprenticeship schemes where general certificates of secondary education (GCSE) in Mathematics, English, and Technology help but are not essential. However, this is deemed the preferred route, as young people can earn and gain field experience whilst training towards a nationally recognized qualification.
There are two main divisions of training: construction-carpentry and cabinetmaking. During pre-apprenticeship, trainees in each of these divisions spend 30 hours a week for 12 weeks in

--- SEMANTIC NEIGHBORS (5) ---

  Title: Richard Carpenter (musician) (similarity: 0.5263)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Carpenter_(musician)
  QID: Q577671
  Extract: Richard Lynn Carpenter is an American musician, singer, songwriter and record producer, who formed half of the sibling duo the Carpenters alongside his younger sister Karen. He had numerous roles in the Carpenters, including record producer, arranger, pianist, keyboardist and songwriter as well as j

  Title: Hi Carpenter Memorial Bridge (similarity: 0.4737)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi_Carpenter_Memorial_Bridge
  QID: Q5750345
  Extract: The Hi Carpenter Memorial Bridge is a cantilever bridge over the Ohio River between Newport, Ohio and St. Marys, West Virginia. It carries Ohio State Route 807 and West Virginia Route 807 and serves to connect WV 2 with OH 7.

  Title: Noah Ritter (similarity: 0.4762)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noah_Ritter
  QID: Q125765392
  Extract: Noah Ritter, better known as the "Apparently Kid", is an American YouTube personality. Ritter rose to viral fame in August 2014 immediately following an interview with a reporter for local TV station ABC-affiliate WNEP-TV at the Wayne County Fair, in Honesdale, Pennsylvania.

  Title: Carpenters Bridge, Delaware (similarity: 0.5405)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpenters_Bridge%2C_Delaware
  QID: Q5045749
  Extract: Carpenters Bridge in Kent County, Delaware, United States is an area associated with the name Carpenters Bridge. It contains a minor bridge with that name that crosses the Murderkill River, a road by the same name and the immediate area has a pending residential area called Carpenter Bridge Crossing

  Title: Cabinetry (similarity: 0.3158)
  URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinetry
  QID: Q2741056
  Extract: A cabinet is a case or cupboard with shelves or drawers for storing or displaying items. Some cabinets are stand alone while others are built in to a wall or are attached to it like a medicine cabinet. Cabinets are typically made of wood, coated steel, or synthetic materials. Commercial grade cabine

model_pass1          : claude-sonnet-4-20250514
model_pass2          : claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
inference_confidence : high
confidence_notes     : Strong data confidence with comprehensive O*NET profiles, current BLS wage data, and clear Wikipedia validation of the occupation definition and scope.
inferred_at          : 2026-06-03T23:14:42.838922+00:00
tokens_input         : 4,823
tokens_output        : 4,185
cost_usd             : $0.045340
wikipedia_used       : True
wikipedia_title      : Carpentry
wikipedia_note       : The Wikipedia entry confirms carpentry as a skilled trade focused on cutting, shaping, and installing building materials, aligning with the O*NET description of construction and repair work with wood and comparable materials.

--- PROSE FIELDS ---

ROLE SUMMARY:
Carpenters are skilled construction professionals who construct, install, and repair structures and fixtures made of wood and comparable materials including building frameworks, stairs, doors, and floors. They work from blueprints to shape materials using hand tools and power equipment, combining technical knowledge with manual dexterity. According to BLS OEWS May 2025 data, carpenters earn a median annual wage of $60,580 with 670,090 employed nationwide.

DAY IN THE LIFE:
Carpenters begin by studying blueprints and specifications to understand project requirements and determine material dimensions. They select and order lumber or other required materials, then use hand tools, machines, and power saws to shape and cut materials to specified measurements. Throughout construction, they handle and move heavy objects while performing general physical activities to install wooden structural components like frameworks, floors, and fixtures. They continuously monitor processes and inspect structures for quality, maintaining detailed records and preparing progress reports. When needed, they remove damaged sections and perform repairs, and may also handle minor plumbing or concrete work as projects require.

WHO THRIVES:
Successful carpenters possess strong problem sensitivity and visualization abilities, allowing them to identify issues and mentally picture three-dimensional structures from blueprints. They excel with manual and finger dexterity for precise tool handling, combined with arm-hand steadiness for accurate cuts and installations. High dependability and attention to detail are essential work styles, as construction errors can be costly and dangerous. Those who thrive demonstrate strong deductive reasoning for troubleshooting problems and information ordering skills to sequence complex construction tasks logically.

CAREER ENTRY:
Most carpenters enter through a high school diploma (52.4%) or post-secondary certificate programs (21.5%) in construction trades, with some entering with less formal education (17.7%). Job Zone 2 classification indicates minimal to moderate preparation is needed, making this accessible to those willing to learn on the job. Many begin as helpers or laborers, learning through apprenticeships or on-the-job training under experienced carpenters.

CAREER TRAJECTORY:
Experienced carpenters can advance to supervisory roles, become independent contractors, or specialize in areas like cabinetmaking or finish carpentry. Some transition to construction management or building inspection roles, leveraging their deep understanding of construction processes. Others may establish their own contracting businesses or move into related skilled trades requiring similar manual dexterity and construction knowledge.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE:
The carpentry field employs 670,090 workers with a median annual wage of $60,580, ranging from $40,410 to $99,910 (BLS OEWS May 2025). Geographic variation is significant, with Hawaii offering the highest wages at $85,280 compared to Puerto Rico's $30,530, reflecting local construction demand and cost of living. The construction industry dominates employment with 570,980 positions, followed by manufacturing with 29,180 jobs. Strong construction activity in growing metropolitan areas and infrastructure projects drives consistent demand for skilled carpenters.

AUTOMATION OUTLOOK:
Carpentry faces moderate automation risk as emerging drone technology for site surveying and inspection represents early technological integration. However, the core work activities requiring manual dexterity, problem-solving in varied environments, and custom fitting make full automation challenging in the near term.

--- REASONED EDGES ---
  [task_similarity] Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers (47-2081.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both roles involve installing building materials using similar hand tools and requiring manual dexterity and visualization abilities.
    data: Manual Dexterity (imp:3.6)
    data: Visualization (imp:3.9)
    data: Building and Construction knowledge
  [skill_overlap] Cabinetmakers and Bench Carpenters (51-7011.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Strong overlap in woodworking skills, design knowledge, and manual dexterity requirements with specialized cabinet and fixture installation tasks.
    data: Design knowledge (imp:3.9)
    data: Manual Dexterity (imp:3.6)
    data: Build cabinets task
  [riasec_cluster] Structural Iron and Steel Workers (47-2221.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Both occupations share Realistic orientation (R:6.75) involving hands-on construction work with similar problem-solving and manual skills.
    data: RIASEC R:6.75
    data: Problem Sensitivity (imp:3.9)
    data: Construction industry employment
  [career_pathway] Helpers--Carpenters (47-3012.00) — confidence:high
    reasoning: Direct entry-level pathway into carpentry, sharing identical core knowledge and skill requirements at lower experience levels.
    data: Building and Construction knowledge
    data: Job Zone progression
    data: Same SOC family 47-2031/47-3012
  [knowledge_overlap] Brickmasons and Blockmasons (47-2021.00) — confidence:medium
    reasoning: Similar building and construction knowledge (imp:4.7) and public safety requirements for structural work in construction industry.
    data: Building and Construction (imp:4.7)
    data: Public Safety and Security (imp:3.5)
    data: Construction industry employment

--- NORMALIZER SIGNALS ---
  match_keywords   : ['carpenter', 'framing', 'construction', 'woodworking', 'building', 'installation', 'blueprints', 'lumber']
  exclude_keywords : ['cabinetmaker', 'furniture', 'upholstery', 'piano', 'violin']
  title_patterns   : ['*Carpenter*', '*Framer*', '*Construction Worker*', '*Builder*', '*Installer*']
  common_variations: ['rough carpenter', 'finish carpenter', 'framing carpenter', 'construction carpenter', 'residential carpenter', 'commercial carpenter', 'journeyman carpenter', 'apprentice carpenter']

total_terms    : 40
top_words      : ['carpenters', 'carpentry', 'others', 'tendency', 'construction', 'materials', 'carpenter', 'equipment', 'building', 'structures', 'hand', 'tools', 'united', 'wood', 'principles', 'objects', 'install', 'includes', 'states', 'activities']
source_layers  : onet_tasks | onet_dimensions | dwas | wikipedia | inference

TERM                    COUNT     FREQ  DOMINANT SOURCE      SOURCE BREAKDOWN
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
carpenters                 44  0.01019  wikipedia            wikipedia:80%  inference:18%  onet_tasks:2%
carpentry                  43  0.00996  wikipedia            wikipedia:91%  inference:9%
others                     42  0.00972  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:90%  wikipedia:7%  inference:2%
tendency                   42  0.00972  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
construction               39  0.00903  wikipedia            wikipedia:38%  inference:31%  dwas:23%
materials                  37  0.00857  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:27%  wikipedia:27%  dwas:16%
carpenter                  35  0.00810  wikipedia            wikipedia:97%  onet_tasks:3%
equipment                  34  0.00787  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:68%  dwas:24%  wikipedia:6%
building                   25  0.00579  wikipedia            wikipedia:60%  onet_dimensions:12%  inference:12%
structures                 23  0.00532  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:30%  onet_dimensions:22%  dwas:17%
hand                       19  0.00440  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:37%  onet_dimensions:37%  inference:16%
tools                      19  0.00440  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:42%  onet_dimensions:26%  wikipedia:21%
united                     18  0.00417  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
wood                       17  0.00394  wikipedia            wikipedia:71%  onet_tasks:12%  inference:12%
principles                 16  0.00370  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
objects                    16  0.00370  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:75%  wikipedia:12%  dwas:6%
install                    14  0.00324  dwas                 dwas:71%  onet_tasks:14%  inference:14%
includes                   14  0.00324  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:86%  wikipedia:14%
states                     14  0.00324  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
activities                 13  0.00301  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:69%  dwas:15%  inference:15%
timber                     12  0.00278  wikipedia            wikipedia:92%  onet_tasks:8%
techniques                 12  0.00278  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:83%  wikipedia:17%
control                    12  0.00278  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
apprenticeship             12  0.00278  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
journeyperson              12  0.00278  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
machines                   11  0.00255  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:64%  onet_tasks:18%  wikipedia:9%
safety                     11  0.00255  wikipedia            wikipedia:64%  dwas:18%  onet_tasks:9%
ideas                      11  0.00255  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
repair                     10  0.00231  onet_tasks           onet_tasks:30%  wikipedia:30%  onet_dimensions:20%
concrete                   10  0.00231  wikipedia            wikipedia:60%  onet_tasks:30%  inference:10%
buildings                  10  0.00231  wikipedia            wikipedia:60%  onet_tasks:30%  onet_dimensions:10%
problems                   10  0.00231  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:90%  inference:10%
resources                  10  0.00231  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:90%  wikipedia:10%
needed                     10  0.00231  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:70%  inference:20%  dwas:10%
body                       10  0.00231  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:100%
programs                   10  0.00231  wikipedia            wikipedia:50%  onet_dimensions:40%  inference:10%
framing                    10  0.00231  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
furniture                  10  0.00231  wikipedia            wikipedia:100%
actions                     9  0.00208  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:89%  onet_tasks:11%
written                     9  0.00208  onet_dimensions      onet_dimensions:67%  wikipedia:22%  onet_tasks:11%